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COLEHAJT * KIRBY, Editor* nnd Proprietors
VOL XI.
ellijay courier.
PUBLISHED EVERT THURSDAY
—BY—
COLEMAN & KIRBY.
Office in the Court House *-
generalTdirectory.
Fuperior Court meets 3d Monday ia
May nnd 2d Monday in October.
Hon. James It Brown, Judge.
George F. Gnbcr, Solicitor General.
COUNTY COUBT.
H< >n. Thomas F. Greer, Judge.
Moultrie M. Sessions,County Solicitor.
Meets 3d Monday in each month.
Court of Ordinary meets first Monday
in each month.
TOWN COUNCIL.
J. P. Ferry, lutendent.
M. McKinney, i. H. Tabor, 1 ~
J. Hunnicutt-, J.R. Johnson, J Llom '
W. H, Foster, Town Marshal.
COUNTY OFFICERS.
J. C. Allen, Ordinary,
T. W. Craigo, Clerk Superior Court,
H. M. JBramlett, Sheriff,
J. H. Sharp, Tax Receiver,
G, \V. Gates, Tax Collector,
Jas. M. West, Surveyor,
G. TV. Rice, Coroner,
W. F. Hill, School Commissioner.
The County Board of Education meets
at Ellijay the Ist Tuesday in January,
April, July and October.
RELIGIOUS SERVICES.
Methodist Episcopal Church, South.—
Every 4ih t unday and Saturday before,
by Rev. O. M. Ledbetter.
Baptist Church—Every 2nd Saturday
and Sunday, by Rev. N. L Osborn.
Methodist Episcopal Church—Ever.
Ist Saturday and Sunday, by Rev. R
11. Robb.
FRATERNAL RECORD,
Oak Bowery Lodge, No, 81, F. A: M,,
meets first Friday in each month.
W. A. Cox, W. M.
l'. B. Greer, S. W.
W. F. Hipp, J. W.
K. V, Roberts, Treaa.
T. W. Craigo, Sec. 1
W. W. Roberts, Tyler,
T. B. Kirby, S. D.
11. M. Bramlett, J. D.
J. W. HENLEY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
JASrEK. GEORGIA.
IVi 1 practice in .he Superior Court of the Blue
lUdRo C rcuit. l'rompt attention to &.1 bußi
me g intrusted to his care.
M. M. Sessions. E. W. Coleman
SESSIONS & COLEMAN,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
ELLIJAY, GA.
Will practice in Blue Ridge Circuit, County
Court Justice Court of Giimor County. Legal
business solicited. ‘‘Promptness’' is our motro.
DB. J. S. TANKERSLEr.
Physician and Surgeon,
Tenders his professional services to the citi
zens of Eiiijay, Gilmer and surrounding coun
ties. All calis promptly attended to. Office
upstairs over the firm of Cobb <fc Son.
dIiFE WALDO THORNTON, D.D.S.
DENTIST,
Calhoun, Oa. n
Will visit Ellijay and Morganton at
both the Spring and Fall term of the
Superior Court—and oftener by special
contract, whon sufficient work is guar
anteed to justify me in making the visit.
Address as above. fmav2l-li
CENTRAL HOTEL!
ESlijay, Georgia.
In the special popular re3ort fi r ermmercial
men and tourists of all kind, and is the general
house for pronpt attention, elegant rooms and
fare second to none, in this place. Reasonable
rates.
Mis. M. Y. Tii m will give her personal at
tot ioi 1 1 tint iin ihi dining hal. ly 1 jll
Young men T~
Wao wish a Thobocqh preparation foi
Business, will find superior advantages at
MOORE’S BUSINESS UNIVERSITY,
ATLANTA, GA.
Toe largest and best Practical Business School
in the.Bouth. ®*Students can enter at any
time, JSS~ Send for circulars.
| -T-HE-f
JiAVRENCE
PURE' LINSEED.OIL
n MIXED
BUNTS
READY FOR USE.
W The Best Point Made.
Guaranteed to contain no water,
bansina, baryta*, chemicals, rubber,
asbeetos, roein, gloss oil, or othar
• similar adulterations.
A full guarantee on ewery package
and directions for us*, so thst any
on* not a practical painter can use it.
Handsome aample cards, showing
80 beautiful shad**, matlsd free on
appliestion. If not kapt by your
dealer, write to u*.
Be eanM Is ask tor “ THE LAWRINCI PAIHTt,"
sat 4o net take **) ether setd to be r ‘ee ee4 ee
wTw. LAWRENCE I 00.,
fimavaowi pa.
THE ELLIJAY COURIER
aurantii
Most of the diseases which afflict mankind are origin
ally caused by a disordered condition of the LIVER*
For all complaints of this kind, anch as Torpidity of
the Liver, Biliousness, Nervous Dyspepsia, Indiges
tion, Irregularity of the Bowels, Constipation, Flatu
lency, Eructations and Burning of the Stomach
(sometimes called Heartburn), Miasma, Malaria,
Bloody Flux, Chills and Fever, Breakbone Fever,
Exhaustion before or after Fevers, Chropic Diar
rhoea. Loss of Appetite, Headache, Fonl Breath,
Irregularities incidental to Females, Bearing-down
SIADIGEB’S AURMTII
is Invaluable. It is not ft panacea for all diseases,
wniDC all diseases of the LIVER,
yiIIVUWBi STOMACH and BOW ELS.
It changes the complexion from a waxy, yellow
tinge, to a ruddy, healthy color. It entirely removes
low. gloomy spirits. It is one of the BEST AL
TERATIVES and PURIFIERS OF THE
BLOOD, and le A VALUABLE TONIC.
STADICER’S AURANTII
For sale by all Druggists. Price SI.OO per bottle.
C. F. STADICER, Proprietor,
140 SO. FRONT ST.,' Philadelphia, Pa.
FIRST GLASS—Grocers Keep It
This child is clean
And sweet, I ween,
As any Queen
You’ve ever seen.
Were washed with
ELECTRIC LIGHT SOAP
Without Rubbing.
First Class Honsefceepers use It.
let. ‘Washing clothes in the usual
manner is decidedly hard work; 11
wears you out and the clothes too.
2d. Try a better plan and invest
flve cents in a bar of ELECTRIC
11CIIT SOAP. Saves Time, Labor,
Money, Fuel and Clothes. Use as di
rected on the wrapper of each bar.
ATKINS SOAP CO.
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
Automatic Sewing Machine Cos.
72 West 23d St., New York, N.Y.
J * Wo invito special at
tention to our New
Patent Automatic Ten
sion Machine, making
■B precisely the same stitch
IV LbUyi, as the Wilcox & Gibbs,
4L _ >jEl/HH&V and yet, if not preferred
the Wilcox & Gibbs
Automatic Tension Ma
chine, can bo returned
EL any time within 30 days
and money refunded.
But what is more remarkable still, wo never
knew a woman willing to do her own family
newieg on a shuttle machine after having tried
our New Patent AUTOMATIC.
Even Shoo Manufacturers find it best suited to
their work—its elastic seams are more durable.
Truly Automatic Sewing Machines are fast
superseding shuttlo machines, and it is no uso to
deny it. Truth is mighty and does prevail.
Shuttlo Machines have seen their best days.
Send for Circular, Correspondence solicited.
The Rnral Oyster.
Last Monday afternoon, the man-eater
came upstairs to the line-embossed, pine
quilted recess where we write thrilling
editorials on Canon’s future, and the out
look for evening promenades in the near
hence, and by loudly exercising his
lungs, tried to intimidate us. We didn’t
intimidate, however, for a cent. We
just sized up this blooming blowhard of
uncompleted kidhood, as be rvagged his
chin while singing his song. It was im
mense—the song we mean—and worthy
of a better reception; and if we had not
been too busy at the time, we should
have paid him for it with a lick from an
old stove-hook, along the base of the
vacuum, which is supposed to hold his
brains. If the parents of this mouthy
young man would look after him a little
more closely, they might save themselves
a good deal of sorrow in days to come,
and help to abate a nuisance that has
long afflicted the people of Canon.
There are several varieties of oysters,
but the one which we are writing about
at present is the rural oyster, and is not a
salt water product, but an inhabitant of
country towns, where he grows to exuber
ance. In fact he is always fresh, is in
season all the year round, and although
not a fish,he tries to dr.nk like one,think
ing by so doing people will imagine he
is a man. If he w ere cooled once in a
■while, he would furnish his own sauce.
He enn be found lounging about the
church door when the ladies are making
their exit: and the saloons. His steady
occupati -n consists in listening to the
clatter of his own voice, when he is not
sucking a e garette. Just as the tough
gradually develops into the slugger, so
does the rmal oyster in due process of
evolution develop into the tough, so to
speak. A religious paper says that the
oyster shoul 1 be opened with prayer. This
evidently does not refer to the rural oys
tir. He should be pried open with a
stocking full of bran mash.— Canon City
Mercury.
His Business.
“Bill, did you see that man with no
legs in the dime show?”
“No; wi s he born so?”
“Oh, no indeed, he grew so. His legs
disappeared because when he was a boy
he d’.du't use thui any. They soit of
shriveled up, you know, for lack of ex
ercise. ilu win. very slow when he was
a boy.”
“Why, what could have been his em
ployment when he was a youngster?”
“He was a telegraph messenger boy.”
—Lynn Union.
Maky a msn has died and been called
wise, simply liecause he never gave
tongue to oil hi* thought*.
RESOLVE / _
As the dead year is clasped by ft dead Deosm
ber.
So let your dead sins with your dead days
Ur.
Anew life is yours, nnd anew hope! Re
member
We build our own ladders to climb to the
sky.
Stand out in the sunlight of promise forget
ing
Whatever your past held of sorrow or
wrong;
We waste half our strength in a useless re
gretting;
We sit by old tombs in tbe dark too long.
Have you missed in your aim? well,the mark
is still shining.
Dill you faint in the race? well, take breath
for the next.
Did the clouds drive you back? see out yon
der their lining.
Were you tempted and fell? let it serve for
a text.
As each year hurries by let it join that pro
cession
Of skeleton shapes that march down to the
past,
While you take your placo in the line of pro
gression,
With your eyes ou the heavens, your face
to the blast.
I tell you the future can hold no terrors
For any sad soul while the stare revolve,
If he will but stand firm on the grave of his
errors,
And instead of regretting, resolve, re
solve!
It is never too late to begin rebuilding,
Though all into ruins your life seems
hurled,
For look! how the light of the new year is
gilding
The worn, wan face of the bruised old
world!
—Ella Wheeler Wilcox, in Xew York Sun.
For her turned np nose,
Her sweet little toes,
Her pretty pink hose.
And all her elotheo
Ladies of the White House.
The Philadelphia Time* prints an in
teresting account of the different women
who h,nve presided at the “White House,”
as “first lady of the land,” since the days
of President Washington. Says our in
formant :
Washington, it is well known, married
long before he became President, or even
General of the Army. He met the lovely
Widow Custis at Williamsburg during
his service as a member of the Virginia
Legislature. Mrs. Washington presided
over the Executive household at the scat
of government, first in New York, then
in this city, with a good deal of formali
ty. Their house in this city was one
rented from Robert Morris, on Market
street, between Fifth and Sixth. It was
here the Friday levees were held, and the
rules were very rigorous.
The first President’s wife was born a
Jones, that of the second a Smith—Abi
gail Smith—so the republic, as far as the
domestic head of it was concerned, was
ushered in with a certain democralic sim
plicity. John Adams married his wife
when she was twenty, and her father,
•who was a clergyman, preached a sermon
on the Sunday after the wedding—so an
historic old chestnut relates—from the
text: “John came neither eating bread
nor drinking wine, and ye say he hath a
devil.” During Adams’s term of office,
in 1800, the Government was removed to
Washington. Mrs. Adams was the first
lady of the White House, but she never
liked it, and lived there altogether but
four months. Her picture, by Gilbert
Stuart, represents her as a cheerful and
not unhandsome-looking woman of titty,
with cap, and ringlets of curls wreathing
the edge.
Jefferson went into the White House a
widower of nineteen years’ standing, and
his diary, lately published by John Bige
low, shows he understood thoroughly the
domestic economies which were necessary
in the matter of providing for the wants
of the mansion and its hospitalities. His
wife was the widow of Bathurst Skelton,
a Virginia gentleman, and the daughter
of John Wayles of Charles City county,
Virginia. She was said to be a beautiful
woman, and Jefferson to have won her
over other suitors through his musical
voice and ability to play the violin.
Dolly Madison was one of the most
popular of the White House women, if
we believe tradition, and yet she cer
tainly was not pretty, if Prudhomme’s
engraving from the picture of Herring
is to be accepted, with the queer turban,
profusion of ringlets, large nose, and
positive mouth. There is, however, a
glimpse of a prettily rounded arm and a
classic neck through the lace and drapery
that perhaps may have combined with
her well-atte3ted tack and vivacity to
have given her the reputation she cer
tainly enjoys among the President’s
wives. She was an F. F. V., Dorothy
Payne, although born in the Pine Tree
State, and in early life her parents lived
here and Dolly actually joined the So
ciety of Friends in this city, although no
doubt a rising young Quaker lawyer,
one John Todd, whom she afterward
married, had something to do with this.
Todd died and left her a widow with
one son, so Dolly set her cap for some of
the fine-looking young members of the
Congress then wont to come to Philadel
phia to transact the public business,
and in 1784 married James Madison, one
of the most talented of the body.
Mrs. Monroe was the daughter of a
British army officer named Cartwright,
distant relations of the Philadelphia
Cartwrights, who settled in New Ycrk
after the peace of 1783, She was one
of four girls. One of these married Mr.
Hcyligcr, Grand Chamberlain to the
King of Denmark; another a Mr. Knox
of New York city, whose only daughter
was the wife of the late Alexander Ham
ilton, son of Alexander Hamilton, the
first Secretary of the Treisury; a third
married Nicholas Gouverneur of New
York, and the fourth Senator James
Monroe of Virginia, afterward President.
The first White House wedding was
that of President Monroe's youngest
daughter, who tnurried her cousin,
Samuel L. Gouverneur, in 1820. It took
place in the East Boom.and was a Knick
erbocker affair, stylish and high-toned
for the day. A number of brilliant re
ception* in Washington were tendered to
the bridal couple, end the cards were out
for a very swell one by Commodore “Es
sex" Porter and wife, when it hud to lie
given up, owing to the untimely death of
Commodore Decatur, killed by Barron
in a duel The deed officer had given
U A MAP OP BUST LIFE—ITS FLUCTUATION'S AN’D ITS FAST CONCERN'S,”
ELLIJAY, GA„ THURSDAY, JULY 15, 1886.
the young couple a brilliant party but a
few days before at his own homo. An
older daughter of President Madison
married Judge George Hay of Richmond.
Hortensia Hay, a beautiful girl, daugh
ter of this match, was rhe wife of Lord
Rogers, of Baltimore, whom old society
people of this city remember. Lady
Rogers died iu Paris,and is buried in Pcre
la Chaise.
Most persons who have read the vol
uminous diary of the “old man eloquent”
know more or leas of Louisa Catharine
Adams, his wife. Slv. Yviuathe daughter
of a Marylander named Johnson, who
lived in London durim-the Revolution,
where she was Francis
Adams was bn ■ |Vn.' >l,c accom
panied her distinguisVld husband dur
ing much of his
journeying abroad, ft .and did honors (hir
ing his Executive terfb and was a woman
of varied accomplishments. A fine paint
ing of her by Leslie is in possession of the
Boston family, and her as a
pretty woman, elegantly robed, a jew
eled tiara in her hair,necklace ornament,
and lace shawl, with a handsome gown,
cut far more decollete than Rose Cleve
land could possibly approve of. Airs.
Adams died in 1852, and is buried with
her husband at Quincy.
General Jackson’s wife died before he
went into the White House, and, as ho
had married before she was formally di
vorced, the iron-heatted old Democrat
was, with her, often the subject of piti
less political calumny. She was a plain
woman, but undoubtedly possessed the
undivided affection of the great Presi
dent, who never was so happy as when
praising her memory or defending it
from slander.
Van Buren married a woman who, liko
himself, came of Dutch stock, Hannah
Hoes. She died early in their married
life at Albany, and her brilliant husband
never after took another partner. The
wife of Major Van Buren was the lady of
the White House during her father-in
law’s tenure, and ably filled the place.
Ann Symmes was the wife of General
Harrison nnd was a Jersey girl, born
near Morristown, her father being a Con
tinental army officer. She never entered
the White House, for when the Presi
dent came East in 1841 to be inaugurated
her health was precarious and would not
permit the journey. He died a month
after ho became President, while she
lived until February, 1864.
President Tyler’s first wife was I.etitia
Christian, daughter of Robert Christian,
of New Kent county, Virginia. Tyler
was at the time of his marriage a young
law graduate from the office of the cele
brated Edmund Randolph, but his polit
ical prospects were bright, as the son of
Governor John Tyler, and to this honor
the son succeeded, and from thence to
the Presidency. - Miss Christian was a
noted Eastern’VirgiTi'a WUe, and when
her husband became ’.'resident assumed
the White House duties. Her health was
feeble at the time, and. she died there in
September, 1842. Elizabeth, third
daughter of President Tyl#t by this
union, was married in the* White House
to a Southern' gentleman named Waller.
Three grandchildren of this President,
sons of Lightfoot Jones, who married the
eldest daughter, fought in the Confeder
ate army. One of them, Robert, re
ceived three wounds at Gettysburg. Mrs.
Robert Tyler, a daughter-in-law of this
President, acted as the White House
mistress after hi* wife’s death. She
was a lady of great culture and manners,
the daughter of the tragedian Cooper.
Her oldest child, Letitia, was born in the
White House.
President Tyler remained a widower,
but a short time, paying the Johnsonian
compliment to his first spouse by soon
selecting another. Miss Juliet Gardiner,
of New York. She was the daughter of
the wealthy gentleman who owned Gar
diner’s Island, familiar to many naval
people as near the roadstead in cast Long
Island where the naval practice squadron,
with the Annapolis cadets, spends much
of its summer cruising and exercising.
Although Mr. Tyler was the first Presi
dent—and so far the only one—to marry
in the high office, the ceremony was not
performed in the White House, but i.t
the Churoh of the Ascension in New
York, June, 1844. After the wedding a
grand reception was given in the execu
tive mansion.
Mrs. Polk, now living at an advanced
age in Nashville, was one of the most
admirable mistresses the White House
has ever had. She was Miss Sarali
Childress, born near Murfreesboro, and
married James K. Polk, then a member
of the Tennessee Legislature, in her nine
teenth year. He went to Congress the
following year, and for fourteen sessions
continued there, being elected speaker in
1836. In 1839 he became governor of
Tennessee, and Mrs. Polk presided with
grace at the State executive mansion, so
that when in ’45 they came to the White
House, she proved one of the most agree
able end popular of hostesses. Many
innovations, or rather changes, in old cus
toms of receiving were introduced during
Mrs. Polk’s residence at the capitol,
notably the one of dispensing with re
freshments during the levees.
The wife of old Rough and Ready
was a member of the extensive family of
Smiths—Margaret Smith, a Maryland girl
—daughter of a plain farmer of that
State, and their married life for many
years was ihc prosy one of an army couple
on the frontier. The first home they had
really was when in 1840 Colonel Taylor
went to the United States barracks at
Baton Rouge. It was while stationed
here that Jefferson Davis met and wooed
old Zach’s second daughter, much
against the father's wishes, who disliked
to see his children subjected to the same
wandering existence he hal led his
spouse as an army officer. Lieutenant
Davis was then a handsome young sub
altern, and the seceding element was so
strong in him even at that time that he
ran away with Miss Taylor, who died
shortly after their marriage and before the
stern old parent had become reconciled
to the elopement.
Mis* Bettj ,'aylor, the youngest daugh
ter, was the mistress of the White House
during President Taylor's short Inrum
bency. She became the wife of Major
Bliss, Taylor’s Adjutant-Oenernl in
Mexico, and was a dimming woman,
well known in her youthful days in this
city, where she went to school. The
wife of the President never receivid or
went out much in Washington society,
and, like Mrs, ttarfldd, never liked the
White House or enjoyed the life there.
Millard Pillmore married a Vow York
school teacher, Miss Abigail Power*, be
fore he becem*. like Cleveland, a Buffalo
lawyer. h# performed all the public
iocinl duties devolving upon her hr
reason of her husband’s political emi
nence with great grace ana intelligence.
When he became Chief Magistrate she
was not in very good health, and
a few weeks after the close of.
his term, died at Willard’s Hotel, Wash
ington, of an illness probably nß|(h
hastened by her attention to the oner
ous requirements of her station. Presi
dent Fillmore survived his wife twenty
one years, dying in 1874 at Buffalo, and
both lie buried, with au only daughter,
iu the beautiful Forest Lawn Cemetery
of that city.
Frauklin Pierce—pronounced Perec
up in Boston—was a classmate of Haw
thorne's at Bowdoin College. The Pres
f.fdcnt of the college then, and for many
rjeftfs,, was the Rev. Jesse Appleton.
Jcliny Appleton, a daughter of this col
lege President, became Sirs. Pierce, and
her husband, at the time of the mar
riage a young New Hampshire lawyer
and _ Congressman, became afterward
President of the United States. The
first few years of official life at the White
House Mrs. Pierce’s life was shadowed
with grief, owing to the death of their
only son a few weeks before the the in
auguration in a frightful railroad acci
dent, in which Sir. and Sirs. Pierce
were also injured. This cast a gfcpom
over the early years of the social regime
of their term,
Slany living persons remember the in
cidents of society life of this period, the
quiet, graceful manners of Sirs. Pierce
and the hearty cordiality of the Presi
dent at the levees and state receptions.
Sirs. Pierce died at Andover, Slass.,
during the war, and the ex-President at
Concord in 1866. Both are buried in
tho cemetery, not far from the spot
where the embattled farmers fired the
shot heard round the world, in that
pretty New England town.
James Buchanan was a bachelor, and
everybody recalls the presiding lady of
his storray-career in tho White House—
Harriet Lane, his niece—who was well
known in her youth in the society of this
city, Lancaster and Pittsburg. It was
at Bedford Springs she met the young
Baltimorean, Johnston, who married her
at Wheatland in 1868. The White
House never had a more accomplished
domestic and social head than this young
Pennsylvania girl. It was while she was
hostess that tho Prince of Wales visited
tho United States and was entertained at
the President’s mansion. Albert Edward
bore away with him, so the story of the
day comes down to us, warm apprecia
tions of tho grace and beauty of Miss
Lane.
Of Mary Todd Lincoln, the wife of the
Great Emancipator, of Mrs. Johnson,
who was Eliza MeArdle, and of Julia
Dent Grant, the wife of the Silent Cap
tain and President who has so lately
passed away, the public of to-day is fa
miliar. Mrs. Lincoln and-Mrs. Grant
both took part, in the social duties of
their stations, as did Mrs. Hayes and
Mrs. Garfield—the former Lucy Webb,
daughter of Dr. James B. Webb, of
Chillicothc, Ohio, the latter Lucretia
Randolph, daughter of Zcbulon Ran
dolph, of Garrettsville,in the same State.
Lincoln lost a son, his favorite Tad., in
the White House, Nellie Grant, the Gen
eral’s beloved daughter, was married—a
brilliant wedding—in the same place.
President Arthur assumed the Chief
Magistracy a widower, and, although
rumor was very free with his name dur
ing his term, he did not mnrry. His de
ceased wife was a daughter of Captain
Herndon of the United States Navy, the
gallant officer who went down on the
Central America. James Buchanan and
Grover Cleveland were the only two
bachelor Pre-idents, and if the latter
marries Miss Folsom this year, it will
leave the Pennsylvania President alone
in the celibate list of Chief Magistrates.
Four Presidents were widowers at their
inauguration—Jefferson, Jackson, Van
Burcn and Arthur. Sixteen were mar
ried when they went into the Whits
House. One alone, President John
Tyler, married while holding the Execu
tive title.
Origin of Horso Racing.
In “Racing and Steeple Chasing” the
author —the Earl of Suffolk—tells us
that the earliest mention of race or run
ning horses occurs in the ninth century.
These wore sent by Hugh Capet of France
as a present to King Athclstane. With
the coming of William the Conqueror,
the breed of horses was considerably im
proved, and new stock was imported
from Normandy and other countries. A
breed of large and heavy horses was in
troduced from Spain. In the time of
Henry 11. horse racing had come to be a
popular sport. Edward HE. was a great
lover of hones, and paid what in our
money would tie eight hundred dollars
each for several choice racers. In this
age it was considered dishonorable and
disgraceful for a knight or gentleman to
ride a mare; while, on the other hand,
the clergy rode upon no other horse. Un
der Henry VIII. there was a law re
garding the breeding of horses which
would be considered in these days
very severe. Constables and keepers
were authorized and commanded to
each year examine the horses of the
country and kill and bury all that were
not up to a certain standard. This and
other acts of Parliament had the effect of
killing out the small breed of horses in
Cornwall and Wales. Some of the laws
which compelled men to keep a certain
number of trotting horses according to
their wealth or rank, are very curious.
Stealing a horse was punishable with
death, without benefit of the clergy.
During the reign of Elizabeth, racing fell
into disrepute, and so little attention
wns paid to horse-breeding that when
England was threatened by the Spanish
armada not more than 3,000 cavalry could
be mustered in the whole kingdom. In
the re'gn of James, however, the sport of
racing was revived, and with it the breed
ing of horses. King James imiiorted the
first Arabian horse, for which ho paid
£SOO. Under Charles 11. the sport be
came national, the “merry monarch”
taking active part in the great races
which were established at Newmarket,
bostowing a royal gift upon the winner.
Since that time the “races" at the vari
ous great English courses have formed a*
much a part of English social life and
habit as if they had been enforced and
guaranteed by the English constitution.
—I Mon Tranmript.
It is reported that 150 patent* for manu
factured butler are registered in the
patent office.
THE BANANA TRADE.
HOW THE FRUIT IS GROWN AND
PUT ON THE MARKET.
What Constitutea a "Bench"-Har
vesting the Fruit—“ Horse Ba
nanas”—Growers Bringing
the Fruit to Market.
The traffic in bananas has grown enor
mously in past years and it has become
one of the most important branches of
the fruit trade. Alillions of dollars of
capital are invested in it. Tjfte details
of the traffic and the marnefan which
the bananas are grown are nafa 1 generally
known, and os they are in rt&4y respects
interesting, the follo'wing fJFts relating
thereto, obtained from one who has had
personal experience in all stages of the
business for several years, may he worthy
of the attention of the reader.
The banana plant is bulbous. The
sprout starts up from the ground and
grows somewhat after the munner of the
sugar cane. Generally in one year after
it begins to grow its fruit is ready to
cut. Each tree bears one bunch of fruit,
which grows at the top. The stalk is
really composed of successive layers of
leaves, formed by the top leaf coming off
nnd those around it also, which die and
dry up around the tree, thus making tho
stalk. There are generally four or five
leaves always at the top, new ones
springing forth as the old ones die. The
leaves are of a red color. The end of
tho stalk blossoms in a manner somewhat
similar to that of the calla lily. This
blossom is exposed in a pad almost tho
size of a cocoanut, which is composed of
a succession of leaves. As the pod ex
pands, the leaves drop off nnd under each
of the leaves is a “hand” of bananas, or
what we recognize as one of the clusters
on a bunch of bananas. Tho developing
of these successive “hands” or layers of
bananas constitutes the bunch. As these
successive layers are developed, the
bunch increases in weight and bends
over. When the bananas are fit to be
taken off, tho tree is cut partly in two
about half way down the stalk, and then
bent over and the fruit gathered.
The tree is then bent back again into its
regular position. The tree is not com
pletely cut off, but is thus bent back into
its former position for the purpose of pre
venting the water in the rainy season
from going down into the roots and de
caying them. After tho rainy season
sprouts begin to- shoot up from around
the bottom of the old stalk, and then the
latter is cut off close to the butt. These
shoots grow into new trees. Sometimes
there will bo four or five shoots, but or
dinarily only one or two are left to grow.
The best bauana land iB on the west side
of a hill or mountain, or on bottom land.
The banana tree needs considerable
moisture, and if on the east side of
n hill the .sun soon dries off the dew, and
tho soil becomes dry. If on bottom land
tho soil is enriched by the washings from
the hill, which makes the conditions
thus favorable to the growth of bananas.
Those banana trees or sprouts are set out
in rows similar to peach trees, ten or
twelve feet apart. They require con
siderable care. In bottom land, st a
distance of about every three r \ the
land is ditched, so that in the sea
son the soil will not become too wet.
There is no fertilizer used. If the season
is very dry the fruit ripens later, and is
smaller in size. Hurricanes, also, are
liable to blow the tree down. The soil
abounds in laud crabs, which arc similar
to the water crabs caught along the
shores of our hay. They are about the
size of the palm of the hand. They dig
holes in the ground around the roots
frequently, and thus hinder, by destroy
ing them, the growth of the trees. The
red bananas require a richer soil than the
yellow. When the red bananas cease to
grow or “play out,” as it is familiarly
termed, the pellow fruit can be cultivated
to advantage. The red banana is a
closer grained fruit. Some persons say
that the red bananas are really bananas,
snd the yellow ones are plaintains. But
the plaintain is altogether a different
fruit from either. It is true that the
trees are similar, both as to their leaves
and their blossoms and the conditions of
growth, but the “hands” of the plain
tain grow farther apart, the fruit grows
larger and the taste is tart, and they are
used only for cooking. Very few of them
come to this country. A banana and a
plaintain will sometimes mix, and the
result is a fruit that is good for nothing.
This kind of fruit is ordinarily termed
“horse banana.” Vinegar is made out
of ripe bananas by the natives of the
islands where they grow, and good flour
that will make fine bread is also pro
duced from the green bananas. An
average bunch of bananas contains about
140. There aro some, however, that
have as many as 250
Most of the yellow bananas come from
Jamaica, A spin wall and the coast of
Honduras. Tho red bananas are only
grown to any extent on tlie east end of
Cuba, and are shipped frum Baracoa.
Bananas grow mostly along the coast on
the north side of the island of Jamaica.
The principal shipping port is Port An
toine. The large fruit houses in the
United States and England have agents
there to attend to the purchasing
of their fruit. After a steamer has
started for Jamaica, about two or three
days before the expected date of her ar
rival there, these fruit houses send c .ble
nut ages lo their agents informing them
as to when they may look for a steamer
and how much fruit they desire to have
purchased. The agent immediately sends
out notices all through the country
where the fr.ii is grown that a steamer
is expected on such a day and telling the
growers to bring along their fruit. On
the arrival of a steamer in Jamaica a
busy scene presents itself. The natives
will be seen coming from all directions
loaded down with bannnas. Some will
be seen approaching along the coast in
boats filled with Ihc fruit, much of which
is brought from a long distance. Others
will drive into the nort from the country
in two-whccled, cumbersome vehicles
loaded to overflowing. A great many of
the natives will bring them in ou their
heads. It is no uncommon occurrence
lor a negro to be seen approaching with
two large hunches on hi* head, having
walked a distance of ten or twelve mile*
with his load. Some of the natives will
lie seen coming in with doukeys; across
the backs of the animal* aro four slick*
arranged *o oa to mnk* four “saw
horses,” acrou the top of each of
which is ah” li of banana* and
two oq each *.., while the fellow
OWE DOLLAR Par ius*. U Advaaee.
leading the donkey will have sometimes
one and sometimes two bunches on his
head ; very frequenty he is followed op
by his whole family, each member having
a bunch on his or her head. They will
thus coming into the fort from
all the surrounding districts. They bring
thoir bananas down to the landing,
where a man inspects the bunches. If
the bunch has eight clusters it is No. 1
fruit; if seven clusters it is No. 2 fruit
aud brings half price; if six clusters, and
there is a demand for it, it brings one
third price; but bunches that have less
than six clusters arc generally not sala
ble. Some of the bananas are brought
from ports along the coast, even 100
miles away. No. 1 fruit brings gener
ally from three to four shillings per
bunch. It will thus be seen that a native
who is willing to walk twelve miles with
two bunches of bananas on liis head for
six shillings, must be very desirous of
getting money. Help, in fact, on the
island of Jamaica is very cheap, and
common laborers may be hired for forty
cents per dsy. Some of the banana
groves are as large os two or three hun
dred acres, but they range in size all tho
way from a grove of ten trees upward.
The very largest groves are owned by
Englishmen and Americans, but the
ordinary and smallest sized ones are
owned nnd cultivated by the natives
themselves. The natives eat scarcely
any meat, and their chief articles of food
are bananas, bread, sugar-cane, yams
and “star” apples, which grow there,
and are round, of a purplish hue, and
full of a milky substance which is very
pleasant to the taste. It should be
stated that the fruit is picked in a green
state, about three-quarters grown. If
picked when ripe it would spoil before
reaching the great markets. —Providence
Journal.
Quebec.
The city is built upon a rocky promon
tory, formed by the junction of ’he Bt.
Charles and St. Lawrence Rivers. The
highest point is on the southerly side,
facing the St. Lawrence; this side is also
the most precipitous and was originally
about 300 feet above the water. It
slopes gradually toward the north till the
elevation is perhaps not more than ldO
feet above the lower town. The general
farm of the upper town resembles a tri
angle, with each side about half a mile
in extent, the base resting on the land
side. Around the edge of this rock the
wall of the city is built, which is about
twenty-tivo feet thick and twenty-five
feot high, though in many places, owing
to the irregularity of the foundation, it
varies considerably from these propor
tions. The Walls, having been built for
defense, were constructed of course upon
scientific, military principles, hence the
ramparts aro wanting in that architec
tural beauty one would see in a castle, for
they are so placed that when guns are
mounted upou them they may command -
the most advantageous positions, so that
tho fortification contains numerous an- ;
gles, equal to almost any number of de- :
grew- _ ...
Originally there we- |B| ■'Me*
through the wall Nad M
town eastward and northwArcT ifhd three
leading westward out into the country.
The three former have within a few years
been razed, leaving nothing to obstruct
a passage from the lower town; tho three
latter still remain arched gateways, much
the same, doubtless, in point of strength
as when they were first constructed, but
in point of beauty, I learn that they have
been recently very much improved. They
aro named St. John, St. Louis and Kent
gates respectively, the latter in honor of
the Duke of Kent, the father of Queen
Victoria. Through St. Louis gate, the
“grand allee,” which is French for Broad
way, the broadest street in the city, leads
out into the country direct to the historic
plains of Abraham, which are about a
mile distant. Nothing remains upon
this plain to-day to tell tne visitor of the
scenes that wore once enacted hi re, ex
cept a plain, round granite shaft, cur
mounted by a helmet, on the base of
which is the following inscription.
“Here died Wolfe victorious, September
13, W}9."—Boston Traveller.
A Congressman’s Romance.
A Washington correspondent say that
the story of tho marriage of Congress
man Stone, of Kentucky, is a strange
and interesting one, and proves that
there are as interesting incidents in real
life as are told in story-books. Stone
was a Confederate soldier, and at a battle
atCynthiana, Ky., was badly wounded.
As he fell his hat went one way and his
musket another, and he found himself
unable to move to regain either. It was
a scorching summer day, and ho was
obliged to lie on that hot hillside ex
posed to the intense heat of the blazing
sun, unable even to protect his face, ex
cept by throwing his arm acrosss his
eyes. His life blood was rapidly run
ning away, and he became weaker and
weaker, and soon was unable to speak or
move. The blazing sun which fell on
his head and face was adding untold
suffering in his feeble condition. After
the fight he was left with the dead and
dying, for it was supposed he could not
live more than a few minutes or hours.
After the troops had withdrawn some of
the people living in the vicinity of the
battlefield prased over it, relieving the
necessities of the wounded so far as
possible. As they passed nsar where
Stone lay suffering in the hot sun, un
able to speak, a young lady in the party
noticed him and the sufferings the' sun
must produce if he were still conscious.
Telling her companions she believed he
was still alive, she procured the ram
rods from four muskets lying near by.
and, sticking them in the ground by his
head, fastened over the top a scarf from
her shoulders, to break the rays of the
sun. When the wounded were gathered
from the field it was found that Stone
was still living, and he was sent to the
hospital. There was a long struggle be
tween life and death, but he finally ral
lied und slowly regained strength, after
tlie amputation of bis right lejj. The
residents of the town and vicinity did
all they could for the sufferers in tho
hospital, sending them food and deli
cacies and often visiting them. One day
after he had gained sufficient strength
to speuk and notice those who visited
the hospital, he saw among the visitors
the young lady who had probably saved
his life by her kindness when he lay
helplea* and speechless on the battle
field. When opportunity offered he
siioke to her of the occurrence and
timnked her for her kindness. The ac
quaintance thus begun ripened into love,
und >b i* now hi* wife.
NO. 18