Newspaper Page Text
ifftSON CO. PUB. COM’Y, )
A proprietors. (
ol.l'MH V.
" It
PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY*
nfJFRTS HOWARD, Editor and Publisher,
JEFFERSON, JACKSON CO ., GA.
v F COR. PUBLIC SQUARE, UP-STAIRS.
fIC& ;
TEAKS OF SaBSCRIPTIOH.
B eopy l2 m0nth5.......................... .........61.30
it ;{ “ 50
"p or every Club of Ten subscribers, an ex
fjpv of the paper will be given.
RATES OF ADVERTISING.
(Kf DoIIAB per square (of ten lines or less)
th ' |j rs t insertion, and Seventy-five Cents
each subsequent insertion. _
is a space oi one mch, measured
down the column.
Uyi Advertisements sent without spccihca-
the number of insertions marked thereon,
i! be published till FORBID, and charged
or Professional Cards, of six lines
itss Seven Dollars per annum; and where
■v do not exceed ten lines, Ten Dollars.
ftyaf JMucrtisemeuts.
NOTICE!
[[ILL be let to the lowest bidder, before the
\ Ordinal’s office, in Jefferson, Jackson
imty, Ga., on the St h day of December, 1S7!),
for superintending, managing and
■imr for the inmates of the Poor House of said
unty. The county will furnish all provisions,
thing, medical attention, &c., necessary for the
ipers, and the person making the lowest bid,
rinontli. for said service of superintending, &c.,
II be awarded the contract upon the following
iditions: The contractor will be required, at
expense, to cultivate the farm and receive all
• benefits thereof, the same to be allowed for in
iking bids ; also, to cultivate a garden sufficient
supply vegetables for the paupers. The con
dor will be required to give boud, with good
unty. in the sum of five hundred dollars, con
ntnal, for an honest administration, respectful
ihumane treatment of the paupers, and faith-
Idischarge of all duties, and will he required to
ike monthly reports to the Ori nary, showing
cnumber and condition of the paupers, amount
pended for provisions, clothing and medical at
ition during the month, and the amount of pro
ions, Ac., on hand at the end of the month,
(sides forfeiting said bond, the contractor will
subject to removal by the Ordinary at any
He for failure or refusal to comply with any of
e conditions or regulations. For more definite
ecifications, apply to this office.
nov7 11. W. BELL, Ord'v.
XhV<'..to .
r 11.1, bo lot. to the lowest bidder, before the
I Court House door in Jefferson, on Monday,
i Stl: day of December, 1879, the contract for
tiling the bridge across the Mulberry river.
r Oshields'. according to the following specifi
er's : Said bridge to be built just above where
ros'l crosses said river, on level with the bank
Jefferson side, with 12 feet roadway, with one
ty feet swinging span extending from abutment
lon north bank; one span from arch under
nixing spun, extending well out on north bank,
loused to be thirty feet long; the arch under
'ingmg spun to he built on mud sills .thirty feet
n # : upright to arch to he 12 by 12 inches, well
toed with timbers S by 10 inches, extending
h out pH mud sill to within 12 inches of cap
: j uprights in centre Bby 8 inches ; cap sills
y Id inches, mortised half through so as to lit
I; up of tenants on uprights; five sleepers to
uppng span 10 by 12 inches ; said span to be
i;p boded with iron bolts and Swede iron ;} inch
10 ■ an, l'! inches wide, to hold the same ; live
lepers to end span G by 12 inches ; king post 10
I niches; rafters Bby 10 inches ; flooring 14
' longand 2 inches thick, to be well spiked
'"n with 3 inch stringers ; banisters fastened to
f- its made of 3 inch scantling, 3 feet high and
•’ct apart, mortised through and keyed on under
? ! ' or ' n S plank ; planked on inside with inch
1 j ': f inch strip over top. All sleepers to lap
‘Oil cap sills. Timbers to be all heart hut
s , s : sawed except sleepers to swinging
•'< in mav >e hewn, if well and smoothly
” e ‘ "'‘l work to be done in a workmanlike
■''! as the work and all timbers will be in
’' j'j hefore being placed in the water. Pcr-
N ,'’' j'lg off said contract will be required to
,4; , for farithf ‘d compliance of the same im
:'b'iv after the letting. Full and complete
at this office!
11. W. BELL, Ord’y.
. E. E. DIXON,
Gainesville, G-a..
kolesale and Retail Dealer in
>n r (k~ond ATEDICLYES,
p A-IIsrTS A. IST ID OILS,
toilet soaps,
Perfumery,
s Hvrv \Aw;v\ ‘ft'&NC'E.S,
fjssss, Spoagcs, Tooth M Hair Brushes, Ms,
'•K'LVDIES S' WHISKIES,
and all kinds of
Sundries.
Public will find my stock of MEDICINES
iV t " arra, ded GENUINE, and of the best
- • nov 21
Martin Institute.
please NOTICE!
T j * ' * in the Swing, that Tuition
e , H >e i>ui<i by the middle of each Term, or
i Uo ‘ [ ' barge the usual B*nk rates from that
m UUi C(,m P c 'dcd to collect now m order to
n.uV?N <vM l Sv * an( i save my property. My a*-
“ -'ml ~r must be settled or adjusted before
t ra, '!, 1 , ‘hcenjber prox. Our rates are so low
H ‘ wot run accounts. Please call and settle
.. ■i'c cxpense. Our accounts due previous to
J m the hands of Prof. 0r
i. i JOHN W. GLENN
* 14ih, 187&. Priu. Martin Institute.
1 Ik* People tlieir oxvn Rulers; Advancement in Education, Science, Agriculture and Southern Manufactures.
The Objects of Institute Instruction.
An Address Delivered Before the Jackson
County Teachers' Institute, October Ist,
1879, by G. J. N. Wilson.
W hen reduced to its last analysis, the true
mission of man, so far as regards all earthty
purposes, is to live for the good of others.
Individually, I would really like to know how
far that man or woman's goodness goes, who
has never done any tiling to elevate society.
The sober, thinking world is beginning to in
quire. how much of true greatness exists in
the life of those who have never made an ef
fort to dry the eye of sorrow, or chase away
the dark shadows that ignorance and super
stition have cast ox'fer earth and its teeming
millions. And having began this investiga
tion, another is propounded, and intelligent
parents are beginning to ask how it is possi
ble for teachers to learn their pupils any
thing thej r do not know themselves.
It is conceded that we live in an enlight
ened age—one in which we hardly dare limit
the power of thought. But for all this, the
wonderful achievements of cultivated mind
are confined in a space too limited—too few
are the recipients of the power intelligence
wields—too few partake of the benefits intel
lectual culture affords its votaries. A vast
forest, dark and gloomy, in which a cultiva
ted spot may be found otity here and there,
lies before the intelligent teacher’s view.
Thorns and thistles grow in rank profusion
there ; and there crime in all its hideous forms
hold high carnival, and helpless humanity is
given a sacrifice to such hideous demons as
only ignorance and superstition can create.
There the human form divine becomes the
tenement of misery, and lies in distorted form
where the howl of the wolf becomes its fune
ral dirge, and the scream of the vulture its
last requiem.
To enter this forest with an organized force
is the mission of the teachers assembled here
to-day. Their purpose is to drive away the
darkness and gloom that bang in heavy dra
pery around its fastnesses, and plant roses
where the thorns and thistles grow—to estab
lish virtue in the vestibule of science, and
strip from guilt its assumed covering—to raise
weeping humanity from the dust of ages, and
by a thorough training of the rank and file,
make the highly responsible class represent
ed, a power that shall be felt and honored
throughout the length and breadth of the
land.
In this “march to the sea," it is proposed
tnat the raw recruit as well as the trained
veteran join us, and that our followers become
worshippers of ideas instead of words—that
books become accessories and not principals,
and that those who would learn them be
brought face to face with the facts they con
tain by experiment and demonstration —that
they vex the electric cylinder until it yields
its last spark, and that they apply with their
own hands the magnet to the needle.
Here xve expect to be brought into actual
contact with facts, and be taught to observe
and bring them into relation with the science
evolved from them, and while we expect to
trust in authority, we will demand proof of
each asseveration.
Then, having organized ourselves into a
Teachers’ Institute, we, from this stand point,
do not speak of the enterprise as an experi
ment, but as an established fact. No one
knowing the material of which this body is
composed, will for a moment doubt our suc
cess. And while some members upon whose
presence much depends are absent at this our
first annual convocation, I am persuaded that
all or nearly all of them have good reasons
for their absence, and that they will 3’et enter
the lists with a loud, long, transporting shout,
indicative of final victory.
If, when going hence, others should ask us
by what means we hope to obtain success, let
the answer bp in EngUah. Teli them
that we in tied to the Standard of edu
cation by gaining a thorough knowledge of
our profession ; by establishing a bond of
common sympathy between teacher and peo
ple ; by the adoption of a uniform series of
text-books, and by securing a regular atten
dance upon school.
We have come here to discover the philo
sophical principles which underlie every
department of instruction, and to properly
apply them to the natural order of develop
ment is the first and leading object to engage
our attention. Teachers too often follow in
the tracks of those who taught them without
stopping to consider whether or not some
things are wrong, and if there are not others
which may be greatly improved. The Insti
tute is the place to stop and consider these
things, and having considered them well and
faithfully, we will then, and not till then, be
prepared to teach others. Here we may
learn that teaching is not an imitative art,
but a science hased upon principles as im
mutable as that which holds together the
particles of matter whether whirling in the
heavens above, or slumbering in the earth
beneath. If we make it an imitative process,
and devote the time of the Institute to a
detail of the plan for teaching each branch,
we may present a plan which one may imi
tate, but another cannot. On the other hand
if wc develop the elements of science, we
JEFFERSON. JACKSON COUNTY, GA.. FRIDAY. DECEMBER 5. IS7D.
put into the hands of every one the means
for independent action, and each can bring
out his or her methods in accordance with
given views. In this way we may learn
much from each other, and become a united
power against which the marshaled forces of
the olden time pettifogger may snarl in vain.
In the Institute we expect to place our
selves in such a position as to command the
respect of parents and guardians to such an
extent as to convince the people of 'Jackson
county, and all others who may feel an
interest in our proceedings, that it is not
only their imperative duty to patronize our
schools, but that our success as faithful and
competent workmen who need not be asham
ed of tlieir work, is essentially necessary to
the welfare and happiness of their children,
and to the prosperity, the greatness, and the
renown of the country in which they live.
Instructors, both in the school room and
elsewhere, who fail to command the respect
of the public, are robbed of their power to do
good, however skilful and efficient they may
otherwise be.
It is high time that all men and women
who assume the teacher's role, should demon
strate that they are alive to their calling,
fully equal to the great task before them,
and show by their deeds that they do not
only expect the prompt payment of their
salary, but that they have earned it to the
last cent, and done something that will live
in pleasing story or in charming song, when
the grand mission of the true teacher has
come to a close.
Though done with a limited amount of
intelligence, I have scanned the educational
field of this country with an eye single to
the discovery of its success and its failures.
That education has made many signal tri
umphs I need not tell you. Nor is it neees
sar} r to say that there have been failures. It
becomes our duty to remedy the failures as
best we can, and thus increase the number of
our successes. With the lights before me, 1
am well grounded in the opinion that the
best way to do this is in a well conducted
Institute where teachers may help one anoth
er, as neighbor helps neighbor roll logs, and
as all other professions advance their various
interests by combina-Lims into, societies as
numerous as the professions themselves.
Let the farmer have his grange, his club, and
his agricultural society. In all this we bid
him a hearty God-speed, and when the time
comes that all farmers meet with success the
world will have collected one hundred per
cent, on every dollar invested. Let the
merchant establish his board of trade, let
the mechanic, the lawyer, the ph3 r sician, the
newspaper man, and even the croaking poli
tician all meet in their conventions; let the
holy men of God meet in solemn asserabty
to extend the kingdom of their groat Master
on earth ; let all men of every honorable
calling and of every faithful creed unite their
forces as rivers and rivulets unite to form
the mighty ocean ; but after all, these will
flourish only in proportion to the work done
by the school-master.
This class lias already done much ; but
there is yet much to be done. A mountain
of simple, silly prejudice is to be leveled
with the surrounding surface; a deep and
practical interest in schools is to be awaken
ed in the minds of fathers and mothers ; the
depths of ignorance and the heights of intel
ligence are to be spread out like a map before
all the people; a bond of sympathy, close
and endearing, is to be, I will say, created
between teachers and pupils as well as be
tween teachers and parents; good laws, the
Foundation of all success, must be given ;
and these laws must be administered in such
degrees of love and mercy as the varied
natures of the subjects under control seem
to justify. To do this requires no ordinary
amount oL
give to t£e world a nation of people great,
and prosperous and happy. To fail is to
envelop in darkness that which God intended
to be ablaze witii sunshine and gladness.
The work begins in the mother’s arms, and
is fostered on the father's knee ; but the great
seal of manhood and of womanhood is placed
upon it in the school-room.
Then let the teachers of this country take
a proud and lofty step in the direction of
their school houses, however humble they
may be. Let them remember that they carry
the destiny of a nation upon their shoulders,
and it will be well for papa and mama to re
member this also. In my humble judgment
the longest step taken in this direction is that :
which led you here this morning. In the
name of the citizens of Jefferson, I bid you
welcome. Their assurance as I met them
face to face told me to make the welcome
hearty and whole-souled. In the name of the
good people who kneel around this altar, I
again bid you welcome. Tour mission is a
grand auxiliary of theirs, and they bid me
tell you to be and feel at home. A knowl
edge of your characters and profession is the
guarantee that nothing unbecoming sacred
things will be witnessed here, and this is your
passport not only to a welcome here, but to
whatever sphere of honor and usefulness the
teacher’s mission may call you to go.
That you may the better accomplish this
mission you have assembled in a deliberative
capacity, not for the particular purpose of
3’our own good : but for that of others. Beats
there a heart in the human breast that will
not call it a great and noble purpose. There
is no interest so dear to parents as that which
pertains to the welfare of their children. If
there is no other way of reaching their pride,
it is sure to be enkindled when they learn
that their loved ones are bright and intelli
gent, and are likely to make a smooth and
even wa}' into the active scenes of the throb
bing. busy world. When thc3 r learn that
teachers are acting upon enlightened views,
the3 r ar encouraged and incited to pursue a
liberal policy in the maintainance of their in
stitutions oflearning, and their warm-hearted
co-operation is thus secured.
I have known man3 r ceildren made dunces
by their parents, and turned into first-class
idiots by their teachers. This was attributed
to a failure on the part of mother nature,
when, in fact, the good old dame had been
kicked out at the back door when the children
were helpless infants.
In the Institute teachers are brought into
direct intercourse with professional brothers
and sisters, and have an opportunity to mea-
sure themselves and profession
al^ 1 with others. Those who remain isolated,
knowing little and caring less of intellectual
growth in others, will, if their C3’es are open,
soon see the time come when they will not
dare to measure their strength with the great
iron arm that is soon to move and regulate
the educational forces that are intended to be
developed in the Jackson County Teachers
Institute.
Refinement and culture exert an elevating
influence upon all societ}'. Growing out of
this is a professional pride which is an ele
ment of success in every calling. And it is
high time that the C3’es of teachers should be
opened to the real nobility of their work, and
be relieved from that embarrassment which
causes them to be considered as onl3' teach
ers who have taken up the calling merely be
cause there is nothing else to do, or at most,
only for the small amount of money they are
to receive at the end of their cheerless
journey.
Young teachers will find that the Institute
is a mo./, excellent place to learn to express
their thoughts in public. A few years of
practice* life will convince almost any person
that this is really one of the most important
lessons, whether called for in the school-room
or elsewhere. For the want of this charming
facult} 7 ' many fail to teach what they know
well enough, because they have not the
power of making thought appear to others
as it is seen and felt by themselves.
The habit of taking notes, and of elabora
ting them afterwards, should be followed by
all teachers, especially in the Institute, thus
reserving for future consideration what car.
not be duly pondered at the time. The
young teacher will certainly find this of vast
importance, and if persevered in will, in a
few vehJs. be fruitful of surprising results.
Indeed, I think I may safely assert that no
lesson cin be learned that will more conduce
>
to accuracy of scholarship, or more effectually
contribute to richness of thought.
Another prominent object subserved by
Institutes is the opportunity they furnish of
readily introducing into t:ie practice of the
such new improvements as are
made in? the science and art of teaching.
Outside of these general gatherings it requires
a long H'me for anew method to work its
way into use among the isolated members
of a profession as numerous as this. But
through the agency of the Institute, a happy
invention in proof, in illustration, or a dis
covery in teaching “the young idea how to
shoot” Quickly spreads from rank to rank,
and scarcely has assumed form before it is
bera'.L 8 from school to school, and from
tUencFto every family in the county. In
this respect it is a means of improvement
more throughly organized, and more prac
tically effected than is possessed by the
members of any other profession.
In this organization the whole body of
teachers are brought into contact with our
most distinguished scholars, and can learn
something of their manners and habits of
thought. Thtfcless experienced thus become
embued with their spirit, and absorb the
cast of scholarship which they display.
And further, there is an opportunity offer
ed for not only educators, but also to the citi
zens of tiie vicinity who may hear a course of
lectures on literary and scientific subjects ;
and, in addition to the information which is
imparted, and the enthusiasm inspired, teach
ers are enabled to learn something of the
modt3 of their delivery. The talents of su-
perior educators are made public property,
and their services are brought into requisition
in part3 of the country where they are need
ed, and where they will accomplish the grea
test good. No teacher need remain buried
in neglect and obscurity whose ability fits him
or her for a higher position. This brings out
one of onr ; greatest objects—one of our lead
mg purposes; for it is in this way that the
Institute becomes a means of bringing for
! ward the meritorious, and of sending to the
[ rear those who are not abreast with the times.
Here, too, a familiarity is acquired with the
usages of deliberative assemblies, and of the
many rules which prevail in them. These
rules have been deduced from the experience
of ages, and embody the most systematic
plan for transacting business. This is a great
saving of time, and produces a favorable im
pression upon those who witness it.
When all our teachers become interested
in the prime purpose of elevating tlie stan
dard ot education in this country, we may
look for a grand revolution in every tiling per
taining to the welfare of all the people. Did
I know all the ends to be gained l>3 r Institute
instruction, I of course could not speak of.
them on this occasion. Having alluded to
only a few, as I understand them, I yield to
the higher claims of others, and confidently
expect that the whole field will be surveyed
during our deliberations with an ability far
superior to any thing which I possess.
“ In a gallant ship, and o’er a smoother sea.
Sail on ! sail on ! there’s happiness for thee.”
State Nomenclature.
ORIGIN OF TIIE NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE
UNION.
Maine was so called as early as 1G23, from
Maine, in France, of which Henrietta Maria,
Queen of England, was at that time proprie
tor. Popular name—The Lumber or Pino
Free State.
New Hampshire was the name given to
the territory conveyed by the Plymouth
Company to Capt. John Mason, 113’- [latent.
Nov. 7, 1G29, with reference to the patentee,
who was Governor of Portsmouth, in Hamp
shire, England. Popular name—The Gran
ite State.
Vermont was so called bv the inhabitants
in their Declaration of Independence, Jan.
IG, 1777, from the French verd mont, the
Green Mountains. Popular name—The
Green Mountain State.
Massachusetts was so called from Massa
chusetts ba\\ and that from the Massachusetts
tribe of Indians, in the neighborhood of
Boston. The tribe is thought to have derived
its name from the Blue Hills of Milton. “I
have learnt,” says Roger Williams, “that
the Massachusetts were so called from the
Blue Hills.” Popular name—The Bay State.
'"Rhode Island was so called in 16G4, fn
reference to the Island of Rhodes, in the Med
iterranean. Popular name—Little Rhod)\
Connecticut was so called from the Indian
name of its principal river. Connecticut is
a Mocheakannew word, signifying long river.
Popular name—The Nutmeg or Free Stone
State.
New York was so called in IGG4, in
reference to the Duke of York and Albany,
to whom this territory was granted by the
King of England. Popular name—The
Empire or Excelsior State.
New Jerse3 r was so called in IGG4, from
the Island of Jersey, on the coast of France,
the residence of the family of Sir George
Carteret, to whom tlie territory was granted.
Pennsylvania was so called in IGBI, after
William Penn. Popular name—The Ke3'-
stone State.
Delaware was so called in 1703, from
Delaware bay, on which it lies, and which
received its name from Lord de la Ware, who
died in this bay. Popular name—The Line
lien or Diamond State.
Maryland was so called in honor of
Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles 1., in his
patent to Lord Baltimore, June 30, 1G32.
Virginia was so called in 1584, after
Elizabeth, the virgin Queen of England.
Popular name—The Old Dominion or Mother
of Presidents.
Carolina was so called by the French in
15G4, in honor of King Charles IX., of
France. Popular name of South Carolina—
The Palmetto State ; of North Carolina—
The Old Nortli or Turpentine State.
Georgia was so called in 1732 in honor of
King George 11.
Alabama was so called in 1814, from its
principal river, meaning Here ive rest.
Mississippi was so called in 1800. from its
western boundary. Mississippi is said to
denote the whole river, i. e., the river formed
by the union of many. Popular name—The
Bayou Stale.
Louisiana was so called in honor of Louis
XIV., of France. Popular name—The
Creole State.
Tennessee was so called in 170,6, from its
principal river. The word Ten-as-se is said
to signify a carved spoon. Popular name—
The Big Bend State.
Kentucky was so called in 1702, from its
principal river. Popular name—The State
of Dark and Blood3 r Ground.
Illinois was so called in 1800, from its
principal river. The word is said to signify
the river of men. Popular name—The
Sucker or Prairie State.
Indiana was so called in 1800, from the
American Indians. Popular name—The
Horsier State.
Ohio was so called in 1802, from its
southern boundary. Popular name—The
Buckeye State. Meaning of Indian word
(Ohio, Beautiful.
Missouri was sq called in 1821, from its
principal river. Indian name meaning
j muddy water.
v TERMS, $1.50 PER ANNUM.
} SI.OO For Six Months.
Michigan was so called in 1805, from tho
lake on its border. Indian name meaning
a ivter for fish. Popular name—The Wol
verine State.
Arkansas was so called in 1812, from its
principal river. Indian name. Popular
name—The Bear State.
Florida was so called by Juan Ponce do
Leon in 15/2, because it was discovered ou
Easter Sunday, Spanish, Pasca l Florida.
isennsin was so called from-its principal
river. Indian name, meaning wild rushing
river.
lowa was so called from its principal
liver. Indian name, meaning*///o slc-yyt
ones. Popular name—llawkeye State.
Minnesota is also an Indian word, moanin'*
the whitish water.
California, a Spanish word, and named
from an arm of the Pacific ocean. Popular
name—The Golden State.
Texas, a Spanish word, applied to tho
republic. Popular name—The Lone Star
State.
Kansas is an Indian name, meaning the
smoky tenter.
Nevada is a Spanish word, meaning ivhite
with snow. — Chicago Ledger.
American Horses in Europe.
•-The business of exporting horses, so sue-,
cessfully begun iu this country, fortunately
meets with favor in England. The following
remarks from the “English Live Stock Jour*
nal,” may be both interesting and instructive
as pointing out a needed improvement in our
stock of horses, and one which has frequently
been enjoined by the American. Agriculturist \
Our horses are too light for much of the Eng
lish heavy work. In England, tools and
vehicles are heavy and clumsy, and require,
heavy animals to move them. English riders,
too, are in general more corpulen t than Ameri
cans, and a saddle horse needed for that
country, must have stout limbs, strong back,
and shoulders; points which have been neg
lected in the breeding of our trotting road
horses. Our road horses are unexcelled.
Our English contemporary has the following
to say on this question : “Of late a consider*
aole trade has been done iu importing horses,
from the United States and Canada. Tho
North Metropolitan Tram-ways [this is the
name given in England to all horse railroads]
imported more than a thousand. They were
full of quality, with fair, and in some speci
mens fine ae ion., Tlyore were pairs wali
worth §750 to a dealer, but they have not.
weight enough for tram-work, and are being
superseded by the French horse of the eiass,
so largely used for the last five years by tln>
London Omnibus company. Unless the ro,
cent fall in prices stops the trade, the United,
States will send us a great many high-class,
horses—of the sort Yorkshire used to breed-
In the States they have plenty of mares of
the right stamp for hunters, hacks, and liar,,
ness ; they have thoroughbred sires to keep,
up quality ; they have boundless pastures of
good grass and maize at a very cheap rate,
On the other hand, they have no idea of the.
proper make, shape, and action of a riding
horse, cr of breaking for saddle. All theip
horse talent has been directed to producing
fast trotting harness horses, these they under-,
stand perfectly. But they are the quickest,
people in the world to learn anew trade if it
[>ays. They will learn to pick out mares and
sires with riding shoulders and strong back,
thighs, and hocks. Their horses have size,
quality, good temper, and sound constitution
to start with. With these advantages the.
Americans will soon fill up the blank inhorsa
stock created by the competition of beef and
mutton in Yorkshire and in Ireland.”—
American Agriculturist for December 1.
Shade Trees..
The delightful advantages arising from the,
planting of shade trees is to be observed, and*
can be full appeciated by the sweltering pe.
destrian as lie trudges along the blistering
pave in the broa l blaze of the sun. The!
cool shade of such trees as are to bo found*
along the streets is appreciated as the weary.
traveler across the Sahara appreciate the.
oasis as he conies to it. The lawns and house,
yards about the city which contain abundant
umbrageous trees look much more inviting
and cozy and home-like than do those where,
the sun heats down upon bare walls and
parched lawns. The former places look as
though somebody lived there, the latter just
as though untenanted and neglected. Every*,
body admits that streets with lots of shade,
trees are inviting compared with those widely
have none.
The cheapest meat for the farmer is mutton.
It may safely be said to cost nothing, as thft
fleece from the sheep of a good breed
amply repay for its keeping. Then, for addi
tional profit, there are a lamb or two, the pelt,
of the animal if killed at homo, the excellent
manure from its droppings, and the riddance,
of the pastures from weeds, to which sheep]
are destructive foes. With the exception of
poultry, mutton is also the most convenient
meat for the fanner. A sheep is easily killed
and dressed by a single hand in an hour, and,
in the warmest weather it can readily be
disposed of before it spoils. Science ar.d
experience both declare it the healthiest kind
of meat, and a foolish prejudice alone prefers
pork, which, whether fresh or salt, is the
unheathiest of ad. V hen people gain more,
wisdom, farmers will keop more sheep.—
change.
What Turks Drink.
In Turkey, where wine and intoxicating
drinks are forbidden by the Koran, the juicei
of the grupeis boiled down in great quantities
and commonly used in the household, much
as we use jam, answering the purpose of both
butter and jam. It is considerably thicker,
than treacle, and in winter can be cut with
a knife like butter. It is putnp iugoat-'-kins
aid is a common article off rade in the market,
11 icalled “ pek snez;,*’ and is used as a, drink
When diluted with water. It tastes somewhat
like new cider.
NUMBER 2(\