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VOL. XV.
THIS M t MKUOHUL
II PUBLISHED EVERT THUUSDaT MORNING
BY WILIjIAM CLINE,
At Two Do’lars and Tifty Cents per an
Bum. ov Two RoLore paid in advance. I
ADVERTISEMENTS an: t O.Vfc j
IMLT.AH per square. for the firsU insertion, and
FIFTY Cs>b TS per senate, lor rh insertion
tliorealtcr.
Areaso 1 .• (Mouimn will lie made to tliosr
who silver the yea.'.
All i'’’ .lisritwnts not otherwise .irderctl, will
l>* cor i.n’.od t.ll forbid.
tCJ A/.FS OF LAXDS liv Administ>lors,
t-”ie".iors’ or (iiinrdians are required law to be
It.-ld nTI; p st Tuesday in the month, between
the lioif? o’ ten in the forenoon oii.l three in the
nfter inon. at the Court-House, in the county in
which tl lan !is situated. Notice and t'ese sale,
mint be i. i*n in a rninlic “.nette FOPTY DAYS
*o ttie dnv of sale.
,S ILFA OF XKG HOES must be made at p.ih
lie auction on the K rs* Tuesday ol •he iiiouth, lie
tween tlie. us'ia- liours ot sale, a* the paicc ol pub
lie sales in the comity where the letiirs Tr.-t
nentary, of Administration or Guardianship in#
have been •.'ranted; first o\#injj LOF TY /Vll
police tl.eicof in one of the public sE’ ties i.l t!
S*ii* , an.l at the court house wlie.e such salcars’
Cos hr heid.
ISijt'r*-for the sale of Personal Trofcrty muil
f., gjren iu like manner FOPTY DAYS previous
* j lne dnv of sale.
Notice lo Debtors an-l Creditors of an estate
Civisi he published FORTY DAYS.
.Notice that application will he made to the Court
Or f.narv for leave to sell land must he puh
hshed for rno MOXTIIS ,
Notire for leave to sell negroes must he
p„V s'vd Tiro MOXTHS before any order ab
so’iite shall he made thereon hv tl>e Court.
Cl TAT TOYS for Letters of Ahnini drntion,
must be pnh'.iaUeil timrtt Dai*; for Dismission
from Administration, monthly sis months; lor
Ol* nioiou from Guardianship, forty OaT ‘.
Rule-for’lie a'oreelosure of \lorijrage must he
O'lldishe I MONTHLY FOR FOUR MONTHS, rstah
psh'nff lost timers tor the full space ot THREE
Months; fir com.iellini; titles troin Kxecufor ors
Ad uiuistra'o-s,wheie a bond l.asbeen ejvenhy
he dee.sss-d the fuil space ot tiirff. month*.
Death of lion Robt. M. Charlton.
We accidentally omitted in onr last
wreck’s paper to announce the lamented
death of the Hon. Robert M. Charlton,
who died in the city of Savannah on Wed
nesday the 18th tilt. From the G orgian
of the 19th tilt, we copy the following
obituary notice:
We have to-day the melancholy office
of announcing to our readers the death of
the Hon. Robert M. Charlton. He died
at his residence, in this city, after a some
what protracted illness, at an early hour
yesterday morning.
The deceased was, wc believe, a native
of this city When twenty-eight years
old—an earlier age than, probably, any
one else ever attained that dignity in
(Georgia—he was elected Jud/e of the Su
perior Court of the Eastern Circuit. That
post he soon resigned for the more ardu
ous and lucrative labors of the practice of
his profession. He ha- been Mayor in
Savannah, a member of the Georgia Le-
gislature, and recently a Senator in Con
gress appointed by Gov Cobb to fill the
vacancy occasioned by the resignation of
Jt i/e Berrien.
Judge Charlton has been for years
known in this community as one of the I
most nePomt>l>s!:?d of its lawyers, and one I
of the most exemplary ts its -itizens.
To say that the deceased adorned every
position lie occupied during life, and has
left a void which cannot be filled, is too
feeble 3u. to those whose good
fortune it was to kit. w him in private life,
as a friend, husband, fath< r and clirist'an
gentleman, will the loss be irreparable.—
Hi- memory will ‘•ve - * be embalmed in their
inmost heart; and though time may as
suage the bittrncss of their grief, it can
never call them away from the griveof
the departed. To 1 lie desolate widow
and orphans we wouluolTer onr sympathy,
b it f teirs is a grief too sacred for intru
sion.
A meeting of the bar of Savannah was
held yes! erday morning to take such ac
tion as became the profession, on the loss
of one of its most, distinguished members. I
Judge Berrien in the chair, the following
committee, Messrs. Law, McAllister and
Lawton, appointed for the purpose, re
ported appropriate resolutions, which
were unanimously passed.
O.i the oper.ing of the Superior Court
these resolutions were presented with a
tew impressive remarks by Judge Berrien
He was replied to feelingly by Judge
Fleming, who, after ordering the resolu
tions to be entered on the mutates of the
Court, through respect to the memory of
the deceased, adjourned o\er until next
Monday.
The mortal remains of the late Robert
M. Charlton were yesterday conveyed
from his residence on West Broad street,
to St. John’s Church, where, after appro
priate and impressive ceremonies, the Rev.
Geo. Cl irk officiating, the body was con
■igned to its last resting place at Laurel
Grove. The funeral was attended by a
lirge concourse of citizens, the city bar,
the German Friend Society, and the Re
publican Blues. The funeral procession
was o::c of the largest ever known in our
city.
Ihe stores and chief pi ices of business
were closed at 3 o’clock, P. M., the hour
appointed for the funeral. Business
w.is generally suspended, in respect to the
memory of the lamented deceased—Re
publican 20th ult.
Tribute of Respect.
At a meeting of the members of ihc bar
•f the city of Savannah, held at the Court
House in said city, on Wednesday, the
18th January, 1854, for the purpose af
paying a suitable tribute of respect to the
memory of the'.r brother, it bickt M.
Charlton, deceased, on motion of Edw
J. Harden, E>q-,, the Hoik John MclNier
gon Berrien was called to the chair, and
Charles 8. Henry, Esq., was appointed
Secretary.
On motion of Win Law, Esq., it was
Resolved, ‘ hat a committee be appoint
ed by the chair, to draft resolutions ex
pressive of the feelings of the bar on the
occasion which had called them together.
Whereupon the chair nominated as that
committee, Wm Law, M. Hall McAllis
ter, and Alexander it. Lawton, Esqrs.
The committee having retired, returned
ami presented for the consideration of their
brethren the following preamble ami re;o
----l it ons, which being read, were unanimous
ly rdoj ltd*
§jg ©eergia Seffersattian.
! This meeting having heard with pro
j found regret of the death of their brother,
Robert M. Charlton, desire to evince their
high respect for his memory and affection
’ ate remembrance of his many virtues,
j Be it therefore Resolved, That in com
| mon with all who knew him, they deplore
‘the loss of this distinguished jurist, in
estimable citizen, and accomplished gentle
man.
Resolved, That they will wear the usu
al badges of mourning for the space of
thirty days, and will attend in a body th<
obsequies of the deceased.
Resolved, That His Honor, Judg**
Fleming, be requested to adjourn Court
now in session until Monday next, as a
mark of respect to the memory of the de
ceased.
Resolved, That a committee of three
be appointed by the chair to wait upon a
member of the bar and request him to
pronounce at some suitable time, a Eulogy
upon the character and virtues of the de
ceased.
Resolved, Thht the chairman of this
meeting transmit a copy of these proceed
ings to the family of the deceased, and as
sure them of our sincere sympathy and
condolence for the great loss they have
sustained.
The foregoing preamble ano resolutions
having been unanimously adopted, on mo
tion of Wm. Law, E-q , the chair was re
quested, and appointed, to present the
same to His Honor, Judge Fleming, in
open Court, immediately after the adjourn
ment of this meeting, and to request him
in the name of the bar to order the same
to be recorded on the minutes of the Su
perior Court
Resolved, That when this meeting ad
journs, it will stand adjourned until half
past two o’clock to morrow, then to meet
at the same place, and from thence move
in a body to attend the funeral of the
deceased
The bar then proceeded to the Court
Room of the Superior Court, to present
to His Honor, Judge Fleming, the above
resolutions; which duty having been ap
propriately discharged by their chairman
and responded to by His Honor Judge
Fleming, according to their wishes, the
meeting adjourned.
j. McPherson berriex, cbm.
Chas. S. Henry, bcc’ry.
Remarks of the ILm. John McPherson
Ihrricn, on communicating the action oj
the meeting.
May it please the Court: — My breth
ren of the bar, who have recently held a
meeting, on receiving the intelligence of the
death of Hon Robert M. Charlton, have
confided to me, the honorable but painful
duty of making to you the official an
nouncement of that lamented event, and
of presenting to you, certain resolutions
which they have adopted on this melan
choly occasion.
I will not trespass upon your time by a
vain attempt at a moment like this, to pro
nounec in terms commensurate with its
subject, the eulogy of our departed broth
er. The remembrance of his many virtues
lis inscribed on the hearts of those who
hear me —and that duty will be faithfully
discharged in i ursnance of one of the reso
lutions adopted at the meeting. A brief
remark may, how r ever, be permitted to me.
I lie elder Judge Charlton, the father
of the deceased, was my cotemporary in
the study of law. Years have gone by
since he passed from among us, and we
are now called to mourn the death of the
son. In the dispensation of Providence,
it has thus been allotted to me, to witness
the departure from this transitory scene,
of two generations of that family. To
me, the event is aw k *niag—to all, it
should be admonitory.
It should teach us the uncertainty of
human life—how brief, how fleeting—how
I transitory, is our sojourn here below. It
should enable us to realize the still more
j important truth, that this is but the first
stage in the series of our infinite existence,
of happiness or misery, which human lan
guago is alika inadequate to describe. It
should, therefore, stimulate us, while en
gaged in the active aud faithful discharge
of our duties here, to prepare for that sol
emn change which awaits us all—for that
eternity, to which, with varied, and yet
with certain steps, we all are hastening.
If purity of life and conduct —il the faith
ful fulfilment of his obligations as a citizen
—if the warm, cordial, affectionate dis
charge of the sacred duties of social and
domestic life—if an active, unremitting,
expansive benevolence—above all, if an
unaffected piety, an ardent, zealous devo
tion to the cause of his Redeemer, in
whom he had long since made public pro
fession of his faith, could have averted the
stroke of death, our lamented brother
would have been still with ns, among us,
in the midst of us, to gladden us by the
display of intellectual power, to charm us
Iby the exhibition of those benevolent af
fections which iu times now forever gone,
have afforded us all such unalloyed grati
fication In the inscrutable counsels of
Providence, it has be n otherwise ordered
Our brother has fallen. He has entered
upon anew and untried existence, where
he is dest lied, we trust., to receive the re
ward of his faith in the Redeemer lie loved
It remains for us, in humble submission to
God’s holy will, to profit by the example
of his well spent life.
I beg leave to read the resolutions a-
dopted by my brethren of the bar, and
to ask that yonr Honor would be pleased
to direct that they may be entered on the
minutes of this Court.
Response of Judge Fleming.
Gentlemen of the Bar:-'I he announce
ment that our friend and brother, Robert
M. Charlton, is no more, is received with
feelings of the deepest sorrow. I feel—
we ull feel—tluit we have indeed lost a
friend, u brother, an associate, with whom
all our intercourse, whether social or pro
fessional, has ever been of the most plea
sant and agreeable kind. We all feel
that our community has lost, one of its
most worthy and useful eitiawns—the
Church, of which he was a member, one
of its brightest oruameuts—the bar, of the
Eastern Circuit, one of its ablest aud most
distinguished members. Bright, however,
j as were the qualities of his mind, splendid
i as were his intellectual achievements, they
j become dim in the presence of those bright-
GRIFFIN, (GA.) THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 2, 1854.
er qualities of the heart, for-which our de
ceased brother was so distinguished, when
in life. Strictly speaking, there is none
good, but One. In the ordinary acCepta
tion of that term, however, we can say
with the utmost truth, that our departed
brother was a good man. Os liberal
views—of catholic spirit—of enlarged
he always listened with
sympathy to the talc of distress. lie al
ways gave and gave liberally to him that
asked; and from the needy he turned not
away. Having lived a life entirely con
sistent with his Christian profession, we in
dulge the well grounded hojic, that our
loss is Ids eternal gain.
Let us profit by this dispensation of
Providence, and heed the warning which
comes to us audibly from his grave: “Be
ye also ready, for in such an hour as ye
think not, the Son ofinancorneth ” And
when we shall have laid him in that nar
row house appointed for all living, let the
solemn truth be more deeply engraved
upon our hearts, that “We have here no
continuing city—no final place of abode;”
that “soon, very soon! wc shall all go
hence, and the places that know us now,
will know us no more forever.”
CONGRESS OF THE 11. STATES.
IN SENATE,
Thursday, Jan 19, 1854.
Debate on the President's Proclaim itim r;*
gainst the Fillibusitrs,
THE SONORA EXPEDITION.
Mr. GWIN. Mr. President, I ask the
unanimous consent of the Senate to offer
a resolution personal in its bearing upon
the State which I in part represent here.
I desire it to be considered now, and I
wish to glYe the reasons why it should be
adopted. I will detain the Senate but a
very few moments. 1 think that when
honorable Senators hear the resolution
read, they will seethe reason why I should
be granted the courtesy:
Resolved, ‘1 hat t'ie IViMidunf of the United
' 1 retpie-lt and in communicate to the Senate
the mmiLcr of ships-of-war on tile count of Cali
fornia, Oregon, anil Washington, I jl'ier inae.
live service, or lying in port unemplo.also, the
nnin ‘cr on the whole Pacific coast of North arid
South A mcrioa, and their cruising grounds'; nls-o
whether, in Ins opinion, the nav.il force ot Ihe U
nited B'ittes on ihe Pacific coat, in Ihe tear IBst,
was sufficient to prevent the departure from us to
foreign territory of any unlawful expedition that
ni'ghl he hastily formed from Ihe adventurous per
sons tistia’ly to lie found at all points of great
commercial activity and enterprise, whether in the
United Slates or Europe; also, iheiiunf >er of'ships
o!-war ou the Atlantic coast, and other cruising
grounds, whether iu active service, or lying in
port unemployed; also, the number of troops in
California, Oregon mul Washington.
Mr. Piesident, I am induced to offer
the resolution from seeing in the morning
papers a proclamation which I wish the
Secretary to read.
‘I he Secretary read it, as follows:
A Proclamation,
By the President of the United Staler:
Whereas, information has been received
by me that an unlawful expedition has
been fitted out in the State of California
with a view to invade Mexico—a nation
maintaining friendly relations with the IN
nited States— and that other expeditions
are organizing within the United States
for the same unlawful purpose: And
whereas, certain citizens and inhabitants
of this country, unmindful of their obliga
tions and duties, and of the rights of a
friendly power, have participated, and are
about to participate, in these enterprises,
so derogatory to our national character,
and so threatening to our tranquility, and
are thereby incurring the severe penalties
imposed by law against such offenders:
Now therefore, I, Franklin Pierce, Pre
sident of th 3 United States, have issued
this, my proclamation, warning all persons
who shall connect themselves with any
such enterprise or expedition, that the
penalties of the law denounced against
such criminal conduct will be rigidly in -
forced; and I exhort all good citizens, as
they regard our national character, as
they respect our laws or the law of na
tions, as they value the blessings of peace
and the welfare of their country, to dis
countenance, and by all lawful means pre
vent such criminal enterprises; and I call
upon all officers of this Government, civil
and military, to use any efforts- which may
be in theirjoower to arrest for trial and
punishment every such offender.
Given uuder my hand and the seal of
the United States, at Washing
ton, this eighteenth day of Jan
uary, in the year of our Lord
[l. s.] one thousand eight hundred and
fifty four, and the seventy-eighth
of the Independence of the U ni
ted States.
FRANKLIN PIERCE:
By the Pre.-itlent,
W. L. .VUrct, Scc’ry of State.
Mr. G•’ IN. Mr. President, this pro
clamation was issued against persons who
are said to be citizens of the State of Cal
ifornia I wish to bring to the notice of
the Senate and the country a fact which
I think it is proper should go out to the
country with that proclamation, and it is
this: that at the time this expedition is
said to have been gotten up in the State
of California, the United States had no !
force there to prevent the sailing of such
expeditions. 1 wish to bring it to the no
tice of the Senate and the country, that at
the very time the first expedition went
from California, a single steamship-of-war
with a single gun, could have prevented
it. And, sir, is there no allowance to be
made for the state of the country which
was its destination—Lower California and
Sonora?
Sir, here was an expedition of forty-five
men that passed out without obstruction
from the Golden Gate, less than a mile
wide, and which any one gun can com
mand, as against a ship without cannon,
an/1 they went to a country as large as
half a dozen States of this confederacy,
took possession of it, andt issued a procla
mation proclaiming it a Republic.
If the President of the United States
intends to prevent such expeditious there
and elsewhere, he should have a force of
the United State* to prevent their depart
ure. At the time that this vessel left the
harbor of San Francisco, there were but
two ships-of-war in active service pn the
whole Pacific coast of North and So ith
America -one at the Sandwich Islands,
having been ordered there for the purpose
of preventing the cons ,, .mmation of one of
the expeditions referred to in the procla
mation; the other, as ijr all supposed, was
cruising lit the mouth of the Gulf of Cali
fornia, but subsequent information informs
us that it had been ordered to the coast of
Peru, to look after some difficulties which
our Government has had with that repub
lic.
Now, on a coast of over ft. e thousand
miles, we had but two of vrar to pro
tect our commerce ritd maintain onr neu
trality obligations. Is it not a farce to
say that such a force can accomplish these
objects?
There was also a second expedition re
ported to have sailed from San Francisco,
in a vessel with two hundred and fifty men
on boar.l, which wus towerl out of the
harbor by a steamship without the slight
est obstacle on the part of the Government
of the United States, and why? Because
it had no force there. When we ask for
a steamship in the revenue service to pre
vent smuggling on that coast, wc are told
that it costs too much; and w r hen I ask
that appropriations shall be made to put
that coast in a state of defense, I am al
most scouted at, because it oo’.ts so much
money. This miserable system of econo
my has left us without Government power,
either to defend us from an enemy or pre
vent the sailing of unlawful expeditions
from our ports.
Here, now, we are proclaimed to the
world as going to and disturbing the peace
of other nations, by expeditions got up on
that coast, when we are given a carte
blanche to go where we please, and violate
any law w’e please, so far as the power of
the Government is concerned; for the only !
law rigidly executed there is the law of
taxing us, aud collecting the revenue from
us.
Now, Mr President, lam opposed to
all unlawful expeditions of this sort; but
it most be known that in anew country
like California, where there are so many
adventurous spirits, and where the coun
tries adjoining us are offered to us simply
for the going and taking them, the power
of the United States must be vigilantly
aud properly executed, if such expeditions
are not to be earned out.
Mr. President, it must be known to the
people of this country that when there arc
some of the richest mineral countries in the
world adjoining the State of California,
with a population utterly unable to defend
them against the Indian tribes in their
neighborhood, expeditions of thin kind will
proceed from California, unless the force
of the Un ted States there is sufficient to
prevent them. Wherever our people go
they carry wealth, power and prosperity
with them, and never forget the principles
of liberty they have inherited from our
forefathers; and although such expeditions
should not be encouraged or allowed, if
they succeed, the present inhabitants will
be more powerful and prosperous through
the change of government than they ever
were or can expect to be, without the
change. •>
What is the condition of our army on
the Pacific coast? It is not, and never
has been efficient, from local causes we
have failed to remedy by legislation, al
though urged to do so. These expeditions
can go by land to Sonora, and, in my o
pinion, have gone, or will go; and this
paper proclamation of the President will
have no effect in stopping any such expe
dition, because we have no force there to
enforce it.
It is useless for the Chief Magistrate of
these United States to attempt by procla
mation, to stop any such expedition. As
long as the principle of territorial expan
sion is recognized, and such countries lay
on our border as Lower t alifornia, Sono
ra and the Sandwich Islands, just for the
taking, and the Government of the Uuited
States opposes no effective preventive force,
you will find citizens of the United States
engaged in such enterprises; and they will
be successful. Proclamations without effi
cient force will iX>t stop them
Why have we uot had a steamship-of
war on the Pacific coast? Because it is
said to be too expensive on a sea-coast of
sixteen hundred miles! Coal there costs
thirty or forty dollars per ton,'when here
we can get it for about silt Here we see
again that miserable system of economy,
penny wise and pound foolish, that destroys
all of the efficiency of Government, aud
my constituents are to be branded with
infamy for violating laws that there is no
power to enforce.
I w’arn the country that unless the pow
er of the Government is exercised efficient
ly on that coast, they cannot expect us to
stand'still when we are invited into mag
nificcnt countries which lie around us, and
see the Indians take possession of them,
when we can get them at the will of the
inhabitauts.
I am very much •arprised at the issuing
of this proclamation at this time, because
it comes tob late. I am anxious to aid
the” President of the United States in ob
serving our neutrality laws; and if it is true
that a treaty has been negotiated lately,
by which a large portion of Mexico is to
come into our possession, it shows inevita
bly that the public opinion of the people
of the United States, as reflected by the
Executive, desires possession of the terri
tory negotiated for, whether in the way of
purchase or otherwise.
I hope that treaty embraces all of the
territory on our border which Mexico is
not able to protect from such incursions
and Indian depredations,, and that We shall
have a mbuntain or desert httmdary be
tween the two governments that eair he’
defended by each. If it does not embrace
such an extent of couutry, I shall favor
such a modification of it as will accomplish
this desirable object.
Mr. PETTI P. Ido not know that I
have any objection to the proposition
which has been offered by the Senator
■from California; noram I disposed to cast
any reflections upon Ids constituents,
whom lie defeuds so ably. But I must
be allowed to say that I think it is the
strangest defence'thntT ever heard given
Os any man's constituents, lie, in-'cifcct,
says that if'you will surround hrs’constitu
ency with bolts;’aud bars,•with war steam
ers, with sottiierS With‘asms in their hands,
they wißeease staling; and marauding;
that they will if you!
will compel them to be honest. Who
would not be honest under such circumstan
ces? Why, sir, lie says there are inviting
fields es gold, rich mineral wealth, and
broad acres, that are desirable to the eja
there. I7ticie are such not to be found?
And kc Says-that his constituents, intelli
gent, and worthy, and peaceable as they
are, or as he would make us believe they
are, cannot restrain their own greedy,
grarping appetites to appropriate that
which belongs to their neighbors, unless
you surround them with avail. They
are constituents that no man ou Jit to be
proud of, however proud he may be.
Sir, I regretted to hear, and I am sor
ry to have it alleged on the floor of the
Senate of the United States, that any
portion of our fellow citizens, in order to
keep them within the bounds of duty as
individuals and citizens of this Republic,
towards all other countries and all other
men, must be constrained by force in a
body I know that in all communities
there are law breakers—those who will
not abide the law—those who must be re
strained; but I did not suppose that it
pertained to whole bodies of men, whole
communities, and whole localities.
Why, sir, it is in effect saying, in neigh
b trhood transactions—for nations are but
individuals in a situation of neighborhood
towards each other, and should act in like
manner-that the rights of neighborhoods
cannot be maintained.
The peaceable citizen, who is a neigh
bor of a local society, and observes his
own rights and thone of his neighbors
who neither suffers his own to be trampled
npon, nor wantonly tramples upon those
ot his neighbor—who neither allows his
own property to be appropriated lawlessly
i for the benefit of another, nor wantonly,
with rapine, lays his hands upon the prop
erty ot others—will conduct himself iy
like manner as a member of society and a
portion of Government.
Sir, the Senator has said neither more
nor less than that these men, his constit
uents, whom he calls such, if their neigh
bor’s houses lay open, and treasures ofi
gold and valuable commodities were to be
tound in them, and there v- as not a watel*
dog or sentinel at the door, would forget
all morals, all law, aud all right, and wan
tonly possess themselves of their neighbor's
goods
S”*, J art son*}’ to hear it said that nay 1
portion ol our people, in great ‘masses at ;
any rate, are so disposed I did not lie- j
lieve, I could not believe it wots so. lam j
sorry to bear any Senator upon the floor
of the Senate of the United States an
nounce that his constituents are so dispo-,
s-“d, that notiiing bat bar. and bolts —noth
laws, not statute-', rot mo'vd suasion, nor
any regard duty, public or private
Will restrain them from this rapacity, but
the force and power of the Government
must be applied to prevent it. Sir, it may
be possible, and I cordially agree with
that Senator in saying that “i do not think ‘
there is a sufficient force upon the Pacific j
coasr. It ought to be there, but for other
and different purposes The Golden Gate
s !, ou! Ibe fortified and defended; there
should be more mon-of-war steamers be
longing to the military marine upon that
coast or in that ocean. But I protest
that it ought not to be there for tiie pur
pose of preventing the citizens from steal
ing and robbing. It should not be neces
sary to have such a force there to prevent
these things, but the moral force and intel
ligence which should govern all portions
of the constituents of all of us should be
sufficient for that purpose. Your guns j
should be there to guard ami pioted,
the iutegrity and security of your own;
territory.
Mr. GWIN. Mr. President, the Sen
ator from Indiana states that I got up
here lo defend my constituents for commit
ting acts of lawless robbery, because the
United Slates did not put bolts and bars
around them to prevent them from doing
it. |
Mr. PETTIT. If the Senator will 1
allow me, I will correct him. I d'd not J
say tit .t he had got up to defend them, but
that he had got up, undertaking to defend
his constituents, lrblr fbi* that act, but ad-1
mitting that they were of that class who ,
would rob and steal, if not prohibited or
prevented by bolts and bars
Mr. GWIN. That is not true. I made
no such statements, and no such legitimate
inference can be drawn from what l did
state I said that the President had is
sued a proclamation against certain expe
ditions which had passed from California
for the purpose of invading a foreign ter
ritory; and I gave as a reason why these
expeditions had passed from oar territory,
that the Government of the United States
h id f died Lo put inch a force there as would
prevent their sailing He says this is de
fending stealing, and that I am in favor
of having bolts and bars put around my
constituents Why, sir, what do his con
stituents have at home to prevent lawless
acts, perhaps as frequent there as any
State in the Union?
Mr. PETTIT. Their Senators do not
talk about it on the floor here.
Mr. GWIN. The Senator shall not
interrupt me.
The President. Order!
Mr. GWIN. There are jails and peni
tentiaries for culprits in Indiana. The
State authorities protect tin; citizens a
gainst acts of depredation. But, who but
the Uoveruineirt of the United States has
control oft he foreign police of the coun
try? llow is the President to enforce lus
proclamation unless by using tli6 arm of
the United States?
Sir, I was not defending these exped’-
tions, hut I was say ing that the President
of the United States could not have pre
vented them wit h the effective force of the
United States now on that coast Ido
not charge this President with neglect, nOr
him'who preceded him; hut I said if the
Uo/eminent of the United States had but,
a sufficient force there, and had used it
efficiently, such expeditions could not
have sailed from our ports, Is this de
fending them? Ido not say that there
are not lawless men in California, but not
move than in other sections of the. country
who cannot resist that important precept
of the Holy book, - Lead us not into temp
tation.’’
Why, Mr. President, I hare a distinct
recollection when the drum an l the lift
’ summoned volunteers to go to Texas f-v
the various portions of the Atlantic coast,
and that the Government was censured
for not preventing such movements. Nor
am I defending them. No, sir, hut I say,
when the President issues such a proclama
tion, it is the duty of this Government to
provide means for its enforcement., and to
have that kind of force on the spot which
is necessary to prevent the organization ol
such expeditions I hat is the ground
which I t?.ke. With what justice and
truth can any Senator charge me with
defending any lawless acts?
My constituents p*ty tax to keep tip an
army and navy, and we ere entitled to
the benefits of them, either for protection
against a foreign enemy, or to enforce our
neutrality laws, if that he necessary. As
to surrounding the country with holts and
bars, or an army or navy, 1 ask for no
ach thing.
I'm. re is at present hut one point on
the Pacific coast where such an expedition
could he fitted out—the harbor of San
Francisco—and there, as I stated before,
a single steamship with one gun could
effectually arrest it, lam not interfering
at all in regard to these expeditions, nor
defending them, but I say that such a
proclamation, backed by no force, will
have no other effect but to irritate the
people of that State.
I wish to call the attention of the Sen
ate and the country to the fact that there
is not a gnn mounted on the Pacific coast
—that there was not a ship of war, whe >
these expeditions sailed, within thousands
of miles of our coast. I wish to get this
information before the American people,
to how the necessity of having some
means of defence there, against foreign
enemies as well as lawless expeditions.
The Southern Rmaie for the Paci
fic Railroad.
Maj-r K. Stein, Ist Dragoons, U. S.
A., has written a let’rr from Fort Web
ster, New Mexico, to the Austin (Texas)
Gazette, in which he says, in relation to
the Country on the Kiver Gila, that there
is not a hill over a hundred feet high, on
the parallel of 32 degrees, from ten miles
above the town of El Paso to San Diego.
There is much less difficulty west of the
Kio Grande, than east of the same, to the
city of Austin; the greatest exis'iug diffi
i cuity is the scarcity of wood and water.
! But lie looks upon this as being tio’hing
! to compare lo the mountains from the O
hio river to Baltimore. 11. is fully satis
fied that tire I exas route is three hundred
miles shorter than any other route spoken
of; that a railroad can he built from Aus
tin, via Et Paso,to Ban DDgo, far thir-
ty millions of dollars. I’he distance would
he aboui thirteen hundred miles, and the
cost of i is construction would he some
twenty millions less than any other road
from any other point on the Mississippi
10 the Pacific Ocean. In addition to other
considerations, the road would pass
through an ex'iemely healthy and pleasant
climate the w hole distance. Major Stein
says:
Jdo not think that I say to much,
“when ! say that 1 have set j n more of the
country w est of the old Slates, as far as
the top ol the Rocky Mountains, than any
other white man living, including all the
routes spoken of for the Railroad; and 1
entertain not the slightest hesitation in
giving it as my opinion, that this route is
far superior to any oth r. I repeat, that
it can t-e constructed for twenty millions
iess money —it would be three hundred
miles shorter—no mountains to overcome
or tunnel—no snows, and climate good all
seasons of the year.”
The Rat and the Weasel.
\ly informant states that a farmer in
I the State of Maine of his acquaintance,
I had noticed at different times, for the pe
riod of two weeks, combats between a
I large rat and a weasel in his barn; from
which encounters tlie latter invariably
i came off second best. One day, being
iat work near his barn, his attention was
attracted to the wea&T very busily en
| gaged in digging a bole in the dung heap,
j He watched the weasel untd he had ‘tun
nelled’ the heap, and made a hole of con
siderable size at the entrance and about
half way through the heap; the rest of the
hole was tapered off, so that at the place
of egress it was of barely sufficient size
for the slim little body of the weasel to
pass through. When ‘he plotter had fin
ished his hole, he went into the barn and
engaged his antagonist ratship. Beaten,
of course, again in the encounter, the wea
sel ran, pursued by the rat, into the hole
of the dung-hill, the grain-eater little sus
picious of the snare laid for him. Like
many unfortunate beings, the p: or iat
was ‘stiuck,’ and halted suddenly hetweeu
the two extremes; while his cunning lit
tle foe emerged from the small end, and
whipping round briskly to the larger en
trance, “brought up the rear,” and there
was soon a dead rat. Here now was a
regular plan laid, a shrewd deesign car
ried out successfully on the part of the
\ • sel for ('• uroying a foe which was O ‘
much tor bin in a fair fight. Ii showed
forethought and contrivance, ant theso are
very srong symptoms of something more
than mere instinct, — reason.— Valley Far-
vie”.
Franklin College.
The Board ol Trustees, at their recent
called’meeting, postpone 1 the election of
Prof, of Mathematics, until their annual
meeting ai Commencement. We under
stand that the postponement was in con
sequence ol the small number of trustees
in attendance. The patrons of the Col
lege w ill be gratified to learn that Presi-
dent (’hutch has consented to discharge
the duties of that chair in the mean lime
His ability and long experience as a
Mathematical instructor, gives ample as
surance to the public, that the students ol
the University will lose nothing by this
temporary vacancy. He will he assisteo
by the a file and distinguished Professor ol
Natu 1 Philosophy aud Chemistry’, Di.
John LeConte.
We understand that the present term
has opened with an usual number of stu
dents, and with every indication of the
continued prosper'v of the University
! Uftnnft.
The Caloric Shi>.
Capt. Ei lesson, in a n.te 6 ti e editots
of the New York Express, say.*:
I’he new engines aiv completed, and
have bee i at work for seveial days, the'r
Operation proving conclusively, that the
rai-tical difficulties which attended the
Trsl arrangement haveall b en overcome,
Ihe new engines are much reduced
in size, whilst their principle of action
is the same as before, with this exception
only, that condensed a'niospherie air is
employed in place of tbe ordinary atmos
pheric, for producing the motive power.
This modification admits of an iccrease
of power, limited only by the capability
of retaining the pressure in the machine.
Some difficulty has been experienced in
this respect, and it is this which has cans-
ed some delay recently. The obstacle is
however nearly removed, and the public
will shortly have an opportunity of judg
ing by practical evidence of tbe merits of
the Caloric Ship.
Lake Ontario and Stone Mountain.
Every one knows how prone men are
to connect their own private surround
ings with every view which they take of
the world, and how fr qnently in express
ing their thoughts, tbev borrow metaphors
from the occupation in which they are
engaged. An amusing instance of this,
equal, we think, to that of the Yankee
millwright f whom Niagara was but a
fine stream for whirling spindles', has been
related to us of a Kentucky h“>g-drover.
He had been North, and seen among o
tiier things, the magnificent Lake Ontario.
The impre sion it made upon him was
marked though slow’ in taking effect; and
seems not to have had full force until he
reached Georgia,, on his return trip, and
stood before the sublime grat.deur oi Stone
Mountain. Here the Lake, the Moun
tain, and los own t flairs combined in one
grand total in his mind, and his excited
feelings found vent in the enthusiastic ex
clamatiwn—“Gosh! es that rock was het
(heated) and pitched into Lake Ontario,
whut a place it would ba for scaldit g
hogs.”
mfr-sissirpi t iiiicd Stales gettatfr
On Saturday, the Ith ult. the Legisla
ture of Mississippi elected the lion. Al
bert G. Brown to the United States Se
nate for six years,from the 4th of March,
13‘)3. The following is the vote:
A G. Brown received 10 votes.
H S Foote ** 2J “
W. L. Sharkey “ 1
W. A. Lako “ S
A. K. Mediting “ 2
F.'M. Rogers “ 8 “
J. A. Quittmaav “ 1 “
J. D. Freeman “ 1 “
The Mississijipian thus speaks in rela
tion to the newly elected Senator:
“Mr. Brown takes his seat in the Se
nate of the United States, a firm support
er of the principles contained in the Balti
more platform, which he holds, have been
carried into practice and rigidly maintain
ed by President Pierce. The policy of
the Administration, of which Mississippi’s
ever beloved and cherished son, Jefferson
Davis, is a pillar, meets his warm appro
val, and he will defend it against assail
rnent from whatever quarter. The wishes
of the people, whose accredited agent lie
is, and the dictates of his own matured
judgment, point out to him no other course.
He advocated the policy of the Adminis
tration in all his public addresses, and his
election by the same boily to whom was
submitted the extraordinary message of
Gov. Foote assailing the cabinet, can be
regarded in no other light than as a signal
triumph for the President and his confi
dential advisers, and a distinct declaration
to the spoilsmen who arc waging a factious
and unprincipled war upon the Adminis
tration, that they will reeeive no counte
nance or support from the Democracy ol
Mississippi
“The antecedents of the new Senator,
and his qualities of head and heart, justify
the belief that he will, in his Senatorial
career, come fully up to the expectations
of his warmest supporters.”
Young America. —“My son,” saida
di'atiog father who was about taking his
son into business, “ what shall be the style
of the new firm?” Well, governor,” said
the one*and twenty youth, looking: in the
heavens lo find an answer, “I don’t
know, hut suppose we have it ‘John
Satnplin & Father.’” The old gentle
man was struck with the originality o
the idea, but could not adopt it.
A mat l ied gentleman, present at a
rapping circle, being informed that that
power depen ‘ed wholly on the will, beg
ged that his wife might try it, as he had
never seen any thing resist her with
Proposition to sell three fifths of
the Western <Sc A.. Itnifro id.
Mr. 1 hornton of Muscogee introduced
A. hill in the llouge of Representatives on
Saturday, proposing to sell three-fifths of
the Western & Atlantic Railroad. We
have not had time to examine the bill with
minuteness, therefore can give but few of
its leading provisions The bill proposes
to estimate the value of the Road at Five
Millions, and the same to be divided into
fifty thousand shares, at one hundred dol
lars per share, incorporated under the
style of the Western & A R Kpad Com
pany. The shares composing the threo
fifths to be advertised in eight newspapers
in the State, in. papers at New York,
Boston, Philadelphia, Washington City
and Charleston, for three months previous
to the sale, which is to take place at th<
Seat of Government, aud to be sold in lots,
of ten shares each. A few days after the
sale, the stockholders to elect a Board of
Directors and the Governor to- appoint
directors on the part of the Ntate—the’
•stockholders to meet bineniafly; neither of
the three great Roads, the Central, Ma
son & Western and the Georgia, to own
over ten thousand shares each in said
Road. Fare aud freight not less than on
these three Roads. We should be pleased
to publish the bill but have not tbe space
’ his week l'ai Union.
No. 5.