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VOL. XV.
THE GEORGIA JEFFERSONIAN.
13 PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING
BY WILLIAM CLINE,
At 1*673 Dollars and Fifty Cents per an
nuxn.orT'vuo Collars paid in advance.
ADVERTISEMENTS ar*; inserted at OXE
HOLLAR per square, Inr the first insertion, and
FIFTY CENTS per square, for each insertion
thereafter.
A reasonable ilediiuimn will be made to those
who advertise by the year.
All advertisements not otherwise ordered, will
he continued till forbid.
!r"jf .-ALES OF T.AXDS try Administrators,
Executors or Guardians are required hj law to he
held on the lirst Tuesday in the month, between
the hours ot ten in the forenoon and three in the
afternoon, at the Court-House, in the county in
which the land is situated. Notice ol these sale,
•oust be *jiven in a public gazette FORTY DAYS
previous to the day of sale.
SALES OF NEGROES must be made at pub
lie. auction on the first Tuesday of the month, be
tWeen ihe usual hours of sale, at the place ol put
lie sales in the county where the letters Telus
m ntary, of Administration or Guardianship ml
i>nve been granted; first giving FORTY DAY
notice tl.cuofin one of the public gazelles of
,*?*■• *>, and at the court house wlie.e such salea
“ bo held.
“xvof.ee for the sale of Personal Property must
9 og.ven in like manner FORTY DAYS previous
* j lue day of sale.
Notice ta Debtors and Creditors of an estate
mist he published FORTY DAYS.
Notice that application will be made to the Court
Ordinary for leave to sell land must be pub
-isbed lor TWO MONTHS,
“Notice for leave to sell negroes must he
auhlishcd TIVO MONTHS before any order ab
solute shall he made thereon by the Court.
CITATIONS for Letters of Administration
must be published thirty days; for Dismission
irom Administration, monthly six months; Cos
Dismission iroin G narclianship. forty dats.
Rules fonhe Foreclosure oi Mortgage must he
.published monthly for four months, lor pub
tishng lost papers, for the full space ot thref,
months; for compelling titles from Lxccutors,
w Jministrators, wheiaa bond has bcin givu.fq a
he deceased, for ihe spate of three months.
—pa————
Western & Atlantic Bail Road.
Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 12, 1554.
Sir;—The earning of this road for the
year which expired on the 30th ult. are
From freights, $395,956 31
** Passengers, 169,335 10
“ Mail, 13,983 20
“ Sales of Materials, 11,8S0 17
Amounting to 591,154 78
The expenses of woiking and maintain’
ing the Road for same period,
are $259,455 54
Less various credits, 6,423 76-253,031 78
Net earnings (42 S-10 per cent
of Receipts) $338,123
The amount paid for machinery, cats
and construction, is $324,542 34
Less credit 37,10-324,505 24
An exhibit in details, showing the ob
ject of these expenditures, classed under
appropriate heads, will be found in table
A.
The gross earnings year
ending Sept. 30, 1553 $478,876 06
“ “ 1554, 591,154 78
Increased earnings, 112,278 72
The expenditures for the year
endhig Sept. 30, 1853, $70’,177 05
“ “ “ 1854, 577,537 02
Decreased expenditures, 123,640 03
Aggregating the excess of earnings
with the decreased expenditures, and it
will appear that the business of the year
just closed has resulted in an increased pro
lit of $235,913 75 over the preceding
year.
• From this revenue the treasurer has paid
the sum of $205,651, on account of liabi
lities incurred prior to January 1, 1854;
he has also paid all the expenses of the
Road, leaving it without any floating
debt, and he has returned to the treasury
of the State the sum of $50,000, from
the surplus left in his hands after dischar
ging allcorrecl liabilities.
It is not proposed to offer more than
this very concise view of our financial
operations at this time, postponing an ex
tended statement to the Legislative year
as a more appropriate time for such an
exhibition.
The road bed and superstructure have
been maintained in the same excellent con
dition as delivered by our predecessors,
tbe embaukmeuts and culverts are all
completed aud the load is now in safe
running order.
It was intended to have made some
progress during the past year towards
relaying the right track west of Qosta
nauley Kiver, au improvement very desi
rable, but not as yet so absolutely indis
peusible as to force us into the iron mar
ket regardless of the cost of rails. Ma
ny circumstances seem to portend a de
cline in the present exorbitant price of
iron, aud advantage will be taken ‘of the
iirst favorable turn to make the necessary
purchases.
One locomotive engine, and 132 freight
and 17 gravel cars have been added to
the equipment since the last report, and
the rolling stock consists of 31 -Locomo
lives, 11 Passenger cars, 5 Baggage Cars,
193 Box Freight Cars, 52 Platform
Freight Cars, 22 Stock Cars, 2 Coop
Cars, 17 Gravel Cars, 25 Hand Cars.
Orders are out for one passenger and
one freight engine to be delivered in Jan
uary next. ‘1 he condition, performance,
&c of motive power, will fully appear in
tho Table of Lo<&i*otives attached.
The Georgia Penitentiary continues to
supply freight ears a& rapidly as they are
needed, at prices conforming to the usa
ges of other car facories. It will require
12G freight cars to make np the necessa
ry compliment, all of which may be ma
nufactured in the Penitentiary.
It will be observed that the increase bf
gross income has fully sustained the esti
mate of my predecessor, Mr. Yonnge,who
set down SIOO,OOO as the probable an
nual increase up to the year 1859. It is,
however, quite improbable that this ratio
of increase will be realized during the fis
cal year just commenced. The extraordi
nary heat of the past summer has so de?
solated the country penetrated and tribu
tary to our western connections, that they
will scarcely increase; even if they mam
tain their tonnage of last year. On this
account it will not be safe to predict an
estimate of next year’s business upon the
receipt of additional revenue from the
transportation of grain, whiskey, hogs,
bacon, lard, pork, horses, mules, uucl oth
er articles of western production. The
intense and continued heat which has laid
waste the fertile vallies of the West, has
also exercised a destructive agency upon
the revenues derived from upward bound
freights. In the seaports of Savannah
aud Charleston, it has engendered a pesti
-1 lence which has well nigh disorganized the
machinery of trade. Favorable ncgocia
tious had been effected, by which the Sou
thern lines of Railroad were to acquire
their legitimate carrying trade heretofore
monopolized by northern and western
channels of transportation. Business was
opening aupiciously, a few cargoes had
arrived aud gone forward promptly, and
onr western customers had reason to be
pleased with the expedition and economy
of their new route, but the appearance of
yellow fever so seriously interrupted the
dispatch of business, aud so discouraged
shipments to those ports, that in the month
of September alone, theie is a deficiency
of $6,000 in the item of upward freights,
compared with those of September, 1853.
It is hoped and expected, however, that
this is rather a postponement than a loss,
and that the restoration of health iu our
seaports will re-establish the current of
trade.
But little progress has been made in the
progress of subs either for or ugainst the
road in Georgia and Tennessee. Most of the
claims upon which they are founded, ate
of long standing, but there is nothing to
report at all decisive. A heavy judge
ment was obtained against the South Ca
rolina Rail Iload Company, as the deli
vering party for the line of \'oads between
Chattanooga and Charleston, for damaged
and lost cotton in ISSO and 1852. The
claims were defended without success, and
judgment was affirmed by the high Court
of Appeals for about $75,000 principal
and interest. The whole araouut of this
judgment was cashed by the South Caro
lina Company, and they appealed to the
Georgia and State Roads to assume at
least a porlio i of the burthen. Under
your advice an agreement was made by
which this road assumed the payment of
$25,000 as the Slate’s portion of the loss.
It was pil'd in 7 per cent, semi-annual Cou
pon Bonds, due tun years after date.
The dates of these claims are as fol-
lews:
1850, $20,000 principal, $5,000
interest, $25,000
1852, $46,000 principal, $4,000
interest, 50,000
$75,000
These figures are only approximations;
about 7,000 of the claims dated in
are for lost cottons, all of the balance
( 68,000) is the judgment of the Court for
actual damage done to the Cotton by these
Roads, during its transportation fiom Chat
tanooga and Rome to Charleston. While
we were convinced of the utter falsity and
imposs.bility of such an allegation and of
our ability to make good our defence, up
on litigation here, for at least a greater
part of it, still it was not deemed equita
ble nor consonant with that spirit of har
mony which should prevail with co-opera
ting Rail Road Companies, to suffer one
to bear'the burden alone, because it is lo
cated where extortioners are seconded by
the Courts of Justice in their assults upon 1
the w r ell earned revenues of Rail Road
corporations.
In comparing the management of Com
pany with State Roads, the superior effi
ciency of the former, as measured by the
pecuniary result, is so striking, that we
are led. to inquire into the cause of the
disparity, in order, if possible, to impart
to the latter such invigorating qualities as
may be deficient. The difference will be
found embraced in one golden rule. No
measure is undertaken on a company road,
no policy adopted, without previous appli
cation of one Procrustean rule of pecuni
ary interest. Will it pay ? is the perti- j
neut question which must have an affirma- j
tive solution before a contemplated mca-|
sure can enter into an established policy, j
The appointment of its officers, the hours ‘
for starting and arriving, the places for j
delaying trains, the location of its depots,
the rates of fare and of freight, the deci
sion of all debated questions, is derived
f.om the observance of this one utilitarian
standard of policy; and where interest is
found to be subservient, the wav is direct
and the course energetic to the end which
leads to pecuniary advantage; while that
policy wh eh promises no profit, or threat
ens loss, is rejected if proposed, or prompt
ly abandoned it unadvisedly begun ; and
there is the end of the matter : cavillers
may complain as they will, but no man
assumes the authority to gainsay the de
cision; there is one tribunal of appeal, and
tshe company follows its chosen course,
profit and prosperity ensue, the stock
holders pocket their heavy dividends, and
the public applauds a management which
pays so well.
Many causes conspire to interfere with
the introduction of this principle in the
government of the State Rail Road. A
variety of collateral considerations are
constantly pressing upon an officer of the
State, threatening to turn him from the
path of duty as indicated by the sa ! utary.
rule so effective iu company management
But the Superintendent of the State Road
must remember that he too, has stock
holders to respond to, one. million in unm
ber, with five millions of capital invested,
who have been so long without dividends
that they are losing confidence in the va
lue of their property. He must not fal
ter. The Superintendent who pauses in
the execution of his sworn duty, to csti
mate the effect of some essential measure
of reform, upon persone of influence or
merely local interests, makes but an un
grateful return to the State who has con
fided to him her high trust, and involves
himself in a labyrinth of embarrassments,
from which he will fiud it difficult to es
cape with honor. If his actions are to be
trammelled or warped by the intrusion of
external interests, haviug other purposes
to subserve than the prosperity of the
Road, jf he permits discipline to be lost
and justice to be ignored, by failing to
sustain a meritorious officer, or by ueg
lectiug to impose a penalty upon a delin
quent, he forfeits all power for good, and
he will consult his reputation by retiriug
from his post before failure and disaster
drive him from it with disgrace.
GRIFFIN, (GA.) THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 2, 1854-
I have great pleasure, Governor, in
thus publicly acknowledging the kind aud
considerate manner in which you have ex
ercised such functions as required our con
current action, and the great benefits de
rived from your advice and co-operation.
I must also, before closing this report,
bear testimony* to the zeal and fidelity
which the officers of the Road display in
tho performance of their respective duties,
of which it is hoped the Slate will recog’
nize the result, in the promptness, regula
rity and economy with which business has
been dispatched Respectfully submitted.
JAMES F. COOPER,
Superintendent.
His Excellency: H. Y. JOHNSON.
, Governor of Georgia.
Correspondence of the N. O, True Delta.
Later from Havana.
Havana, Oct. 15, 1854.
On the 12th inst. at 5 o’clock, p. m.
Gen. Pezuela, with his family and military
suite, went on board of the Spanish war
steamer “Colon,” which got under way
immediately afterwards, leaving the port
as the signals were falling from the staff of
the Moro Castle. ‘There has been no so
cial interchanges between Pezuela and
Gen. Concha since the 21st inst. in excuse
for which the relieved dignitary plead ill
health instead of indisposition.
The embarkation was made very quiet
ly, iu the presence of a very select parly
of friends, and the usual gathering of the
curious and idle loiterers of the mole.—
Nothing disrespectful was attempted, and
death-like silence prevailed until the boats
pushed off from the navy yard, when a
slight murmur was heard, as of persons
weary of holding their breath, but whe
ther of favor or of aversion, no one cared
to know—at least 1 did not. At half past
6 o’clock—before the “Colon” was out of
sight of the Moro—we had the enactment
of a tragedy, which had been long threa
tened. The person who apprehended
Gen. Lopez, Jose Antonio Santos Casta
nedy, was assassinated while playing a
game of billiards at the Coffee House Mar
tery Belona, opposite west, of the south
west corner of tho “Campo Mars.” Al
though the murder was committed iu the
presence of three hundred persons within
and in the portals of the room, by the
discharge of a pistol, no one saw the com
mission of the act, or could recognize the
person who did it. The balls took effect
in the back of the head, entering the low
er part of the brain near the spinal umion
at the moment that the victim was lean
ing over the table to reach a ball with his
cue, and he fell npou the floor dead..
Castaneda had come to the city on ac
count of the return of Gen. Concha, think
ing possibly to be benefitted, although he
has a pension from the Government of Ma
drid. He had been warned not to come
to Havana, and had been advised to leave,
as he would certainly be killed if he re
mained iu Cuba, unless he kept himself se
cluded in the country.
His death takes no one by surprise, and
finds none to regret, although every ef
fort is being made to ascertain the person
who caused it. On the 13th, at sin the
afternoon, the remains were removed to
the grave yard under guard of a detach
ment of soldiers, several police officers
and civil guards, and followed by an exci
ted multitude, uttering all sorts of invec
tives and exclamations of which the lan
guage is susceptible, and throwing bot
tles, rocks, &c. at the hearse,with groans,
hisses and yells. In an attempt to pre
serve order, and decent respect for the
ceremony, one of the police officials open
ed the head of some persou in the crowd
near him with a heavy cane that he wore,
when he was immediately assailed by those
in the vicinity, and severely stabbed, and
two of the civil guard in attendance upou
him, were wounded. It is thought that
the wounded commissary may recover.—
Thus begins an excitement, with violence,
that may so extend as to disturb the pub
lic tranquility throughout the Island; al
though wo are now iu a perfectly quiet
state, and as far as Havana is concerned,
wc shall probably remain so.
As I write, I hear reports that two
members of the Civil Guard are dead that
were wounded at the funeral of Ca.stane
do; but I do not believe the report, and I
can get no confirmation from the officials
of the government. I should not be sur
prised if all the political features of this
case have been derived from second
thought, after the killing wus done, as I
have had intimation that the death was
caused by a person who had been gam
bling with Castauedo in the country, and
won two hundred ouuees from him, which
he avoided payment of by reporting the
gamblers to the police, having them ar
rested and seizing the loose change with
wh'ich the game was banked.
The Diario de la Mariuo ascribes the
death of Castauedo to political canse, and
in a style not very prndent for the conser
vation of harmony; and such seems to be
the sentiment of the moment, and may be
so used under forced construction of par
lies who desire to widen the breach be
tween Creole and Spaniard
Night of the 13th, in front of the pa
lace, a sereunade was given to Gen Con
cha by the coldred population of Havana
—a band of one hundred instruments—
and a hymn of welcome, by an equal num
ber of voices. I thougnt there was more
no'se than music, and the sentiment of the
song I could not catch iu the exterior mur
muring of an immense crowd that filled
the public square and streets around the
palace, which was not very orderly.
Gen. Concha iu advancing at even pace,
with his plans for better organization of
the Government, apparently to the satis
faction of every one, and the recent mur
der, will not be even a “nine day’s won
der,” whether private malace and revenge
or politics be the cause.
The health of Havana remains good—
our reports from all parts of the iuterior
are favorable as to health, peace and pro
ducts of the planter, and tfie weather is
becoming more propitious.
Remaining yours , Y ebdad.
The steamer Princess, with a ctjrgo of
3030 bales of cotton, was burnt near Nat
chez on the 9th inst. It is supposed the
cargo will be a total loss. Several persons
on board perished, including two ladles.
For the Jeffersonian.
Tlic LtcMayor’s Election.
Major Cline,
Sir: —Among Christian politicians,
there should bo no acts of pious fraud, no
secret conclaves to promote measures, re
ligions, moral cr political. The Devil’s
religion is sly, sneaking, cunning and
cowardly, jejune, sleazv aud involuted. —
Christ’s religion is bold, brave and open.
Any thing different from this character in
the action of its followers and friends is
derogatory, and works, in effect, a bad
example, and exerts a deleterious influ
ence. Principles canrtot die, are always
effective. Actions and actors, if they be
good and houo able, do nothing more than
reflect add tional tints of beauty on what,
in themselves, arc immortal, the principles
of true%overuraent and uudefiled religion.
If democratic principles are worth any
thing, they should, be advocated, main
tained and carried out faithfully in small,
as well as in great measures. This was
gloriously exemplified and done by our
Revolutionary Fathers, and in 1850 aud
1851, by that Spartan Band, the State
Rights Party, though in a large miuority.
But for these, we would never have had a
place among nations, and the Southern
States would have been swept over by the
conflagration of abolitiouism. There were
no secret leagues with those patriots.—
There was open and determined union of
hearts, hands and means, and fortitude to
sustain them iu defiance of obloquy and
oppositien in high places. Nothing is
worthy of a sacrifice but truth, principle
and patriotism We owe our National
Independence to, and can preserve it only
by, a strict observance of this maxim,
“Our God, onr country, onr rights.” A
different policy is nothing but leather or
prunella. Let each party shinny on i<s
own side, and play the game fairly and
openly, like brave and honest men, and
knights in a fair field aud equal sun light
Whichever side is entitled to victory, let
the other yield it magnanimously. But
let there be no tricks on travellers, no
kuights unwilling to raise their helmets
and drop their visors, no mine laid to “blow
up open combatants. This is against the
rules aud articles of war, and the laws of
nations. But what is most important of
all, let not fellow t citizens fall out and in
dulge in heart bprnings about the most
proper mode of sj fitting a hair, or who
shall dwell on the north or south side of
it.
‘-L l l dey-s !light to hark and bite,
Fo God bus mauc them so;
Lei boo -s and boos g owi an<J fight,
|i is f heir nii'ui e too;
Dm lb h cii Iu en, you should never let your ang>v
p.’S'-ons ‘ose.
Your bonds wee never made to gouge each
e lie-.’j eve-.”
Death of the Catholic Priest who
was Tarred and Feathered.
The Telegraph’ has just announced the
death of the Rev. John Bapst, the Ger
man Catholic Prie3t, who was tarred and
feathered aud ridden on a rail in Ellsworth,
on Saturday night last, while on a visit to
that place. A late number of the Ban
gor Mercury coutains a full account of the
outrage, which is subjoined:
Mr. Bapst was staying with one of his
people at Ellsworth by the name of Kent,
whose house is near the Catholic chapel.
Mr. Kent’s house, about niue o’clock on
Saturday evening, wa3 surrounded by a
large crowd, of whom some twenty or
thirty, mostly young men, entered the
house. They searched from top to bot
tom for Mr. Bapst, who had retired to the
cellar to keep out of the way. r l’here they
found him, bore him out of doors, ran him
down ih<s street, and having got some dis
tance from the house, stripped him of all
his clothing except his pantaloons, and in
that condition put him astride of a fence’
rail, and carried him upon it some three
or four rods, when the rail broke.
About this time, they began to debate
what further indignities to inflict, most be
ing in favor of throwing him into the ditch
and leaving him, when a light was seen
coming up the street. Some said this was
the approach of persons who had provided
tar and feathers. The gang broke up into
small knots. The fight approached, and
it proved to be the sheriff of the Jiri unty,
with some assistants, though w:o Jo not
learn that they were recognized by the
victim at the time. Iu one of these knots
of persons he was placed, and his gar
ments thrown over his shoulders, and thus
not recognizing the sheriff<mfd his party,
he was not recognized by them. The lat
ter, supposing that Mr. Bapst had been
murdered by the gang, proceeded further
along the street to find his body, if haply
life was remaining in it. It was raining
violently at the time, and very dark.
The ruffians, as soon as they were rid of
the sheriff, came together again, proceed
ed down the Mt. Desert road to a ship
yard Here they took the pantaloons al
so from Mr. Bapst’s person, rendering
him entirely naked. Before taking off his
pantaloons, they lifted him among them,
and he perceived one thrusting his hand in
his pocket aud laying hold of his wallet,
in which was something more than fifty
dollars. He besought that one not to add
robbery to his other.violence; but the per
sou took his wallet; nor has Mr. Bapst
seen it since. Ijtis watch was taken from
him at the time they first stripped him.— <
Then they proceeded to smear him with
tar from head to foot, aud afterwards cov
ered him with feathe s—noUwitliout, how
ever, iii the meantime, making some per
sonal disgusting assaults, aud using vari
ous degress of foul language. It is but
justice to say that some of the young men
were in liquor at the time.
The outrage is justly denounced by the
whole press of that region, and the opin
ion is strougTy expressed that the author
ities should leave uo stone unturned to
bring the murderers to condign punish
ment.
The OeruAGE ox Mr. Bapst.— We
learn with pleasure that the report which
announced tho deatlr of Mr. Bapst, the
Catholic priest, in consequence of the out
rages committed upon his person, at Ells
worth, Maine, was incorrect, and that the
reverend gentlemau has entirely recover
ed; and though this correction relieves the
disgrace!ul transaction from the d ; rect
murder of its victim, it in no degree makes
it less attrocious and brutal. However
unpopular oreven erroneous Mr. Bapst’s o
pinions on school matters might have been,
he had the fullest right to entertain and
express them, and those who cannot re
cognize this right of free speech and free
op nion in others, arc themselves unwor
thy to enjoy its benefits. The sight of a
clergyman dragged from his house, strip
ped of lfis clothing, amidst the foulest
and most irritating insults, and marched
nearly naked through the streets, and fi
nally tarred and feathered, is an act dis
graceful both to our country and the age,
and must give to the locality in which it
occurred a notoriety as infamous as unde
sirable.
The Bangor Journal gives some infoi*’
tion, from which it appears that further
violence was threatened against Mr Bapst.
Mr. Bapst was ou Sunday evening fur
ther threatened with death if he did not
leave town. The Irish population, in
censed and exasperated, assembled togeth
er armed themselves with hatchets, pitch
forks, *and such weapons as they could
command, took Mr. Bapst into their cus
tody, and were determined to protect him
to the death. Upon this, Mr. Jarvis, one
of the most worthy citizens of the town,
obtained permission of Mr. Bapst’s friends
to take him to his ow n house,guaranteeing
him protection.— J3aliimore American.
F om the Home Jou-nal.
A Lctic: from London.
We trust that the following letter from
a literary friend abroad, received by the
last packet, gives an exaggerated account
of the stale of health in the great Me
tropolis. As it comes, however, from a
man of veracity, we give it place, con
fessing that it appears more than proba
bie tho autlutn cak of a severe visi
tation of Asiatic cholera, .with that slight
variety in ils symptoms which is not un
frequently observed, may have given rise
to an impression on ihrf part of ihose who
weie scouiged with it, that the plague,
which bad been buiied for the best part
of iwo centuries, was again decimating
them. We unhesitatingly express our
opinion of the improbability of this report
being confirmed:
“1 am at present running away from
London, and what is more, although not
much given to bight, I am running away
because I am literally scared out of if.—
Ihe fact ‘s, although I presume, from
ihecar.efu! manner in which the details of
it ate suppressed here, you will at pre
sent hear but little of it, that the “plague,”
or something very much like it, has com
menced in Louden. You will open your
eyes as 1 say this, and possibly doubt my
saniiv; nevertheless, let me assure you,
that I am saying nothing which is not
strictly true.
“One hundred and fifty years since,
more or less, the infection of the plague
was brought to this city from Alexandria,
in a chest of clo hes. Half of Loudon
peiLbed with this fearful contagion
The bodies were canied out and buried
iu deep pits in those fields which now lie
under A-gy e street and its immediate
neighborhood. Tnis plague, it is said,
has now been turned up by the spade,
and has begun to ravage London. Im
possible as Ibis may seem, the surgeons
and physicians say positively that Lon
don is not suffering much from the chole
ra; that it is a contagious disease which
has broken out n this neighborhood, and
that it is rapidly spreading.
“It would appear that in cutting a
server through Argyle street, it was car
ried rather deeper than ordinary, and
lhai bones of the old victims of this fear
ful disease weie turned up by the work
men, many of whom were taken ill and
died suddenly. Children, also, who had
come and piayed with these bones, sick
ened and perished! Moreover, it was
noticed that those who came in contact
with either the woikmen or children,
sickened and died, in most cases within
a few hours. The disease increased
Clever physicians said that it was deci
dedly not the ct olera. The disease now
spread rapidly, and in a week from the
time at which” it broke out, it had com
pletely ravaged the street£,iu Soho and its
immediate vicinity; at the present moment,
Poland street, Argyle street, and others,
are closed against all passes- Half the
shops in Recent street aye shut yip. The
remainder are rapidly closing At t-tfo
o’clock in the day scarcely a dozen per
sons be met with in that great tho
roughfare. M those streets which the
disease is most speedily depopulating,
the dead bodies are placed 5 in the open
air, immediately that life has departed
Irom them, so great is the fear of conta
gion. I have seen in two instances, half
a dozen bodies being carried ofl in black
sacks, like bales of goods, for burial,—
You will easily judge how great a fright
this has created, livery one who is able
to do so, has fled. London, generally at
this time just emptying, is now half de*
populated. Three days since William
Vincent Wallace ran awav. He is i.ot
a man easily frightened, Ask him, and
he will corroborate what J have told you,
as he must now be iu New York, bu
siness is at a complete stand still. No
thing is doing. Amusements for the lime
be tig have completely closed.
“Physicians say that this is undoubt
edly the plague. The symptoms occa
sionally vary from those which are report
ed to have accompanied it when it, in the
reign of Cbailes 11., swept off one half of
London. No medical means have as yet
availed to stop it. It is propagated by
contagion, and is singularly speedy in its
effects, sui passing even the speed with
which the cholera, on its first appearance,
slew its victims. Never, indeed, in the
worst period of the first visitation of that
disease, did Loudon look so dreary as it
now does.” * * * * “I am now going
to Germany, whence you may probablv
have another letter fiom me.” * * *
‘‘Some lime since,The English were talk
ing ot the necessity of bombarding Dant
zic. They are now silent touchiug
everything except that which they call,
and which most undoubtedly is, the
plague.”
A young lady speaking of whiskers and
mustaches said: “Them are things against
which 1 always set my face”
From the New York Express.
The Signal Gun.
Amidst all the terrible incidents attend
ant upon the destruction of the Arctic,
which we have been receiving these two
days past, there is one that impresses us
with a feeling of awe and admiration, and
shows all the world that the age of heroes
is noi yet altogether gone by. VVe refer
to the young man, whose post of duty
throughout all that trying scene was the
firing off a signal gun, at intervals, in the
hope ofatfracting the attention of vessels
from a distance to the scene of disaster.—
VNluleall around were death and despair,
iu bold rcliefthere he stood, (like Hope
herself,) with the calm determination of a
true hero, discharging gun after gun, un
til the gallant ship went down beneath
the waves. Here was a courage and a
manliness -a defiance of death and an ad
hesion to duty—we might walk over the
most famous battle-fields in history to look
for and not to find. The soldier who
braves the King of Terrors at the can
non’s mouth, is animated by a species of
courage improvised for the occasion, by
the “pomp and circumstance” around him.
) here can be properly no cowards when
men arc drawn up in battle array, with
drums beating, colors flying, and thoughts
of reward and promotion flitting through
the brain if’a victory is won. Dastards
dare anytbiug under such stimulants. But
the bravery of the battle field is not the
bravery which was shown by tlie hero of
the wreck. The former is a species of un
natural courage—it is of an animal nature;
but the latter was moral courage of the
highest and noblest kind. With his light
ed match he seemed to stand, ou the quar
terdeck of that devoted ship, hurling de
fiance, as it were, in the very jaws of
death itself. Others were desperately
struggling for life; he alone seemed to have
resolved to demonstrate how a man may
die at his post of duty, without dread or
fear, in the midst of horrors that would
make most men cowards. Awfully im
pressive, indeed—terribly melo-dramatic
was the last scene of all,in w hich our hero
shone forth, wringing exclamations of
admiration even from lips that are buffet
ing the hungering waters, then murmur
ing for their prey. Stewart Holland (for
that was his name) “could not be induced
to leave the ship: his post was at the gun,
from first to last, firing‘signals; he kept
firing that gun at intervals till the ship
went down, We saw him in the verg act
of firing as the vessel disappeared among
the water s.”
Perilous Mountain Ascent.
It has long been known that some of
the peaks of mountain ranges in Oregon
are of great height. Our California ex
changes biingus very interesting accounts
of the ascent of the lofiiest of these, call
ed Mount Hood, which has now been as
certained, by actual measurement, to be
full 18,361 feet in height. This is the
heighest peak on the American continent,
and oue of the highest in the whole
world. The parly which male the as
cent was composed of a Mr. Dyer and
Capt. Travaillet, who left Portland on
the 14th of August for the purpose, but
weie afterwards joined by Mr. Lake,
Capt. Bm low, Judge Olney, and others.
After getting above the snow line it was
discovered by means of a telescope that
the mountain is volcanic, smoke being
seen to issue from the summit. On the
Sth the ascent of the upper mountain
commenced on the southeast by east side.
After ascending several thousand feet of
ever continuous snow fields at an angle
ol almost fifty degrees, three of the par
iy (Major Hallam, Capt. Tiavaillet, and
Judge Olney) gave out, and had to stop
in consequence of dizziness caused by the
rarified atmosphere. From thence up
ward the angle was more steep, until it
reached 70 1-2 degrees, an Indian being
the guide and ibe road lying along a ledge
of rocks perpendicular with the mounta n.
At 2 1-2 o’clock P. M. on the Sth the
summit was attained, and was found to
be extremely narrow and crescent shaped.
From ibis peak mountain tops five hun*
died miles distant were distinctly seen.—
Ihe peak of Mount Hood is thus de
scribed by the account before us:
We found the top similar to that ol
Mount Helen’s—extremely narrow, lay
ing in a crescent shape; Mount St. Helen’s
facing the northwest by a crescehl, while
Mount Hood faces the southwest. The
sharp ridge oo'top runs'from the south
west to Ine horlh, making a sharp turn to
the west at the north end. The main
tidge is formed of decomposed volcanic
substances of a light rediish color, with
cones from twenty to fifty feet high at in
tervals of a few rods.
The cones or rocks are full of cracks
or fissures, as if they had been rent by
some convulsion of Nature at a remote
peiiod. Between these cones there are
numerous holes, varying from the size of
a common water bucket down to two or
three inches in diameier. Through these
breathing holes (as we call them) and
through the crevices in the rocks there is
constantly escaping hot smoke or gas of
a strong sulphuric color. In passiug ovei
the ridge for near half a mile we discov
ered these breathing holes; through some
the heat was more intense than in others.
We did not carry up a thermometer;
therefore we could not get the exact de
gree of llie heat; but from holding our
hand over several of them we have no
donbt that the thermometer would have
shown “boiling heat” in some of them.
Fate of Sir John Franklin’s Exp.},
dltion Decided.
Montreal, October 21 The Mon
treal Ilerald of this morning states, that
yesterday they dispatched a special mes
senger to the Hudson Bay Company’s
house, at Lachioe, and that) through the
kindness of the Governor, Sir George
Simpson, they are enabled to lay before
their readers the following outlines of a
dispatch received by him yesterday from
Dr. Mcßae:
Dr. Mcßae has been absent on the
coast since the fiist of June, 1553, and
returned to York Factory on the 28:h ol
August last, from whence he forwarded
letters by express to Sir George Simpson,
via the Red River Settlement.
Aft er briefly noticing the result of his
own expedition, he proceeds to state, than
from the Esquimaux he bad obtained
certain information of the fate of those
connected with the Franklin Expedition,
who starved to death, af er the loss of
♦ heir ships, which were crushed in the
ice while making their way south to the
Gre. t Fish river, neartho outlet ofwhich
a parly of whites had died, leaving ac
counts of their sufferings in mutilated
corpses of some, which evidently, front
their appeaiance, furnished- food to their
companions.
This infounation, although not derived
fro in the E,qu imaux, who communicated
w'ith the whites, and who found the re
mains, but from another band who ob
tained the details viva voce , may. be re
lied on.
There is no doubt of the truth of the
report, as the natives had in their pos
session various articles of European
manufacture w hich had once been in the
possession of the whites; among these
ailicles wereseveia! silver spoons, forks.
&.C., on oie of which was engraved Sir
John Franklin, K. C. B , while others
have on them crests, and initials t > ident
ifv the owners as having belonged to the
ill-fated expedition. The drawings of
some of them have been sent down.
This feaiful tragedy rr.ust have occur
red in the spring of 1553.
Terrible Cilatilily.
We have been permitted to make the
following extract from a private letter of
a gentleman to a friend in this city;
Marion, Ala. Oct. 16th, 1854.
“I am sorry to inform you, in this con
nection, of a very sad occurrence which
took place here on last (Saturday) night,
about 12 o’clock—that is, the burning
down of “Howard College.” There
were sleeping at the time, in the third
and fourth stories of the building, about
26 or 23young men and two negro men;
all of whom were required to jump fro it
ihe windows, a distance of from 30 to 40
feet to the ground below. And, horrible
to tell, 22 of the number were inangled
in a frightful manner, some more and
some Jess. I have just come in from a
visit to them with my very heart sick.—-
Some cf the boys are burned very badly,
in addition to other injuries. Our town
is in mourning, and looks gloomy enough.
I learned, a few moments since, that one
of the black men was dead; he rushed
down through the flames to the door.—
Two or three of the boys are expected to
die—the rest will probably recover. —>
There is, however, no knowing exactly
the extent of their injuries. I trust all
things are better than we now think.—■
The College building, with everything in
it, is in ruin. Nothing was saved,, as 1
understand. Ii is supposed now that the
building was set on fire, though I cannot
at present, believe it. Such a fiendish
act could ’maicely be perpetrated by any
one in this community. The truth will
be known a few days, 1 suppise.”
A postscript says another bad died.—
Chronicle <§• Sentinel.
AmctriOa.it Bonaparte*
It would seem from the letter of the
New York correspondent of the Charles
ton Courier that we are in a fair way to
lose our Ameiican Bonaparte.-:.
Among the passengers who arrived by
the Africa yesteiday afternoon, were two
persons fiom Paris, whose names are in
timately associated with two of the great
est celebrities of France. They were’
Jerome Bonaparte and Felix Raphael.—
The former, who is a wealthy resident of
Baliimore, and son of Piince Jerome Bo
naparte, by Miss Elizabeth Patterson,
returns from Europe, having placed his
son iu the Fiench army. The young
Bonaparte has taken the sime grade
there as held here, having been made a
lieutenant in the Seventh Dragoons He
is at present stationed at St. Cloud, and
after a little more preparation, will be
turned out a genuine French officer,
ready for active service.
The Emperor of the French has taken
a gieat fancy to the American Bonaparte’s,
and having made not only an officer, but
a Frenchman of the young Baltimore
Bonaparte, he has also succeeded in per
suading the father to give up his estate
and home in this country, and remove
with most of his family to France. My
informant slates that a princely title
awaits Jerome Bonaparte, the republican,
and that its glittering piomise has had
not a little to do in convincing him of the
policy of becoming a Frenchman and a
nobleman. No provision, nor titular
houors are in reserve for his mother, Miss
Elizabeth Patterson,-so she will remain
in Baltimore Her illegally divorced
husband, Prince Jerome, has another
wife, who would prefer to have number
one remain oe this side the water. The
Bonaparte’s are only mortal after all, and
as easily dazzled by the pomp and promi
ses of Cou. ts as any of us.
Not Bad. —The Piscataquia (Maine)
Observer is responsible for tUe following:
A gentleman called at a hut iu the
Aroostook valley, and requested some
dinner. The lady, her spouse being ab
sent, refused to supply his necessities tor
money or the love of humanity
“Very well,” said the hungry traveller,
as he turned his footsteps from the inhos
pitable abode, “you will want nothiug to
eat tomorrow.”
“Why no!;” iuquired the woman.
“Bacanse,” answered the weary man,
“the Indians aie- digging a tunnel at
Moosehead Like, and they are going to
turn all the waters of the lake luto the
valley, uud you and all the
rest ak the people are to be drowned.”
Upon this intelligence, the old lady
hurried off to the priest to iuform him
that a flood was to overflow the valley,
and to ask what was to be done in the sad
emergency.
The priest endeavored to quiet her
fears by telling her thatGod.had promised
that he should never send another flood
upon the earth.
“But,” exclaimed the affrighted wo-,
mao, “it isn’t God that’s going to do it;
it’s the cussed Indians.
In the statistical tables just issued, it is
stated that “tall men live laager than
short oucs.”
No, 44