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iiSlccMij Sun. •r \V >r.r li.-jf. V AIUNOTON....T. tilLllEß’l'. TIIOS. GILBERT tV ( (>., ! anti I’ropiuetoi'- — ♦ SinSCKIPTIOKS. i >rano year, jiaynblein wlvanro $2 00 [ ii iix month*, payable in advance 1 25 ADVERTISEMENTS. \ l iv>TtU >, nw , !its ‘■'ill be inserted in the Weekly Sun at one dollar per square(ten lines or less in ii :i ,treil type,)for the first insertion, and fifty c.irits fur each subsequent insertion of the same. Professional and other cards, not (xc< tiling five lin. in- rted nix months for eight dollars, or for tu .,lve nicnthH at fourteen dollars. tnnouncomeutsof candidates for a time not ex qing three months, five dollars; for all time dvr three months, at the rate of two dollar:- per m. nth —pay required in advance. Tuesday August 10, lij.!!). The Baltimore Clipper hoists the name of Hon. John M. Botts, of Va., as it fa vorite for the nest Presidency. The Democratic party of Fulton county have nominated Col. John Collier for the Senate, and Edward M. Talliaferro for the House. The Richmond Morning News is in formed that G. P. R. James, Esq., the novelist, has determined to leave Venice and return to Virginia, for the purpose of making it his permanent residence. Mr. Charles B. Hudson, a worthy and influential Democrat, and sound lawyer, from the county of Schley, is, we under stand, a candidate for the office of Soli citor General of the Chattahoochee Cir cuit, at the coming January election.— Times. Increase of Georgia Wealth. The Atlanta Intelligencer learns from the Comptroller General, that the digests of 112 counties, returned to his office, how an increase of the taxuble property of this State, for the past year, of fifty millions of dollars, in the counties for which returns have been received. The deposits in the Boston Five Cents Savings Bank have reached two millions 1 of dollars. There are upwards of 20,- 000 depositors. The bank has been in operation just five years, and is an un precedented success. * Stephen A. Douglas has been named by the Democracy of Connecticut, as the choice of the party in that State for the Presidency, and Douglas delegates have been chosen to the Charleston Conven tion. -. +—— — Another Jhurgc Fire in Memphis, The Planing Mill and Lumber Yard of Moore, Holstead & Cos., in Memphis, to gether with five dwellings adjoining, were , burned on Sunday last. The loss is csti- j mated at one hundred and twenty-five 1 thousand dollars. Supposed to have been the work of an incendiary. ♦ The Abbeville (Ala.) Banner states that on Monday, Ist instant, at Ililliardsville, Henry county, Mr. Anderson was stabbed by Joshua Grace. There was thought to be hut, little chance for Anderson’s recov ery. Tlio cause of difficulty is not stated, hut the presumption is that it grew out of the election excitement, hacked up by whisky. — + In Pike county, Alabama, E. L. Mcln tyro is elected to the Senate, over Henry I!. Thompson, the Democratic nominee. J. B. Goldsmith, Opposition, and 0. F. Knox, Democrat, are elected to the House. For Congress, the vote stood, for Pugh, : I,<<oß, and for Sappington 140. Pike county polled 0,003 votes. Gen. Lamar, our Minister to Central America, arrived at New York by the Northern Light, on the 31st ultimo, ac companied by Mr. Wells, liis secretary; Manuel M. Mallerino, ex-l’resident of New Granada; John S. Stephenson and Charles S. E. Jones, bearers of despatches j for Washington from the United States Delegations in Chili and New Granada. + Bloudin has refused a proposition made him by the proprietor of the New York j Museum to walk a rope streched across Broadway from the Museum building to the Aster House. But “they say” he j lias it in contemplation to take a prome nade on -a rope streched from Trinity Church spire to the steeple of St. Paul’s, a distance of a quarter of a mile, and at an average elevation of 200 feet. So says the Philadelphia Argus. Yellow Fever on the Mexican Coast. The Picayune learfis from a gentleman direct hither, that the yellow fever (vom ito) is prevailing as an epidemic not only on the Rio Grande, as before recorded, hut at Tampico and all along the Northern Mexican coast. The mortality is very great, especially among the Mex ican population, and the people were flee ing in every direction. We hear of anew thing under the sun. The Directors of the Detroit and Milwau kee Rail Road, with a most commendable regard for the comfort of their passen gers, have resoved to erect at their depot in Detroit a largo number of baths, where travellers over their line may cleanse themselves with pure and refreshing wa ter, after a long ride on the cars. During the warm season nothing more pleasant could he afforded dust-crusted travellers. ■ ♦- Nominations fertile Legislature. The Democratic party of Cobb county has nominated John 0. Gartrell for the Senate, and Napoleon B. Green and Geo. N. Lester for the House of Representa tives of the next Legislature. In Glynn county, the Democratic party, in county meeting, at Brunswick, on the the 2d, nominated Thomas Butler King, for the Senate, and John 1.. Harris for the House. Tlie Revenges of Napoleon 111. An editorial signed “C.” and wo sup pose from Caleb Cushing, in the Boston Traveler, concludes: “Napoleon, by the actual aid of Great Britain, has balanced the Russian success of Moscow by the reduction of Sevastopol. He has. with the passive countenance of Great Britain, balanced the Austrian oc cupation of Paris by the victory of Sol ferino. 4he debt to Prussia remains to be paid off; but. above all, that to Great Britain. Trafalgar and Waterloo are memories of rage and shame in the hearts of all Frenchmen, and especially of all Bouapartes. And if, in this respect, the turn of Great Britain is to come, she will only have herself to thank, for the pres ent powerful and proud position of Louis Napoleon is her work quite as much as that of his own genius. Certain we may he that of this great drama of tiie Second Empire, the fourth and fifth, and great est, of its acts are yet to come.” +. ■ The Supreme Court of Georgia com menced its session in Atlanta on Monday last, with a full bench. The American says there are au unusually large number of distinguished legal gentlemen in at tendance on the Court. The Opposition State Convention, which adjourned over from Macon, to re-assem hle at Atlanta, to consider ihe propriety of nominating an opponent to Joe Brown, for Gubernatorial honors, was to have met in Atlanta yesterday. VOLUME HLI A New Candidate. We learn from our exchanges that Wil liam M. Potter, Esq*, of Early county, has announced himself as an independent candidate for Congress in this (the Sec ond) District, liis platiorm is said to be extreme “Southern Rights, and the re opening of the African Siave Trade. Me have four candidates —Martin J. Craw ford, representing the Democracy; Alar celius Douglas, representing the Opposi tion (late American) party; Gen. James N. Bethune, representing the Free Trade and Direct Taxation party; and William M. Potter, representing revivalists of the African Slave Trade. Certainly, with this multiplicity of candidates and isms represented, there will be a chance for the scattered fragments of the old politi cal parties to cast their votes satisfactor ily, at least to themselves. The Hog Cholera. This disease has been making sad havoc among the grunters in some localities of Georgia, this summer. Among other lo calities, the farmers of Burke county have come in for a share. lor the benefit of hog raisers, the Waynesboro’ News gives the suggestions of Judge T. H. Blount, of Burke, who is among the sufferers in that county. Judge Blount states that among those hogs which were regularly salted not a case had appeared, whilst in a lot exempted from this usage he had lost near a hundred head, both lots otherwise subjected to the same treatment. Wc would further suggest, that to en sure the general health and thrift of hogs, they should have, at least once in every two weeks, equal quantities of salt and ashes ; and, monthly, small portions of sulphur and coperas should he added. Douglas’ Secret Order. It appears from development, (says the Pennsylvanian —a Democratic paper,) that the friends of a certain Presidential candidate have commenced a secret po litical o ganization in New York, and are endeavoring to extend it into other States. The Order is known by the name of “Spar tans.” They avow themselves in favor of the Cincinnati platform, “as expound ed by the people’s champion, Stephen A. Douglas;” and the following is one of their resolutions, made public in the Re public, at Buffalo, where there is a branch of the Order: Resolved. That in order to make our selves effective at the polls, we will act as a unit in casting our ballot for men who shall have been endorsed by this order.” Alabama Secretary of State. In the Montgomery papers, we see an nounced two names for the honorable post of Secretary of State in Alabama— Gen. Patrick Henry Brittan, of Montgom ery, and S. 11. McNeel, of Autauga. The first named we know well. He would make an excellent and efficient officer; and if long and faithful service in the cause of the dominant party in that State is a virtue worthy of'appreciation and reward in the estimation of the rep resentatives of that party in the Legisla ture, we feel sure ho will he the next Secretary. Mr. McNeel, is a clever man In speaking of his announcement for the office, the Confederation, of which Gen. Brittan is one of the editors, says he is “right in politics, sound in principle, pleasing in address, and with abundance of intelligence, our friend would fill the position with honor to himself, and cred it to the State.” They are bsth Demo crats. —— -* American Opposition Candidates. The following candidates for the Legis lature have been nominated in the follow ing counties: Monroe. —Robert P. Trippe, Senator; Wm. M. Clark and Thos. B. Settle, Rep resentatives. Butts.— Henry Hendrick, Senator; N. 11. Woodward, Rep. Henry.—A. J. Cloud, Seu.; Andrew IV. Henderson and Benjamin L. Harper, Reps. Fulton.—Col. Jas. At. Calhoun, Sen. ; John J. Trasher, llep. Harris.— Elijah Mullens and Richard E. Kennou, Reps. Upson. —E. A. Flewellen, Sen.; Wm. G. Horseley, Rep. The Chicago Times states that an eld erly Englishman, named Joseph Elliott, was recently lodged in the jail of that city, tor a debt of $lO, due for his board. Since being committed, Elliott has re ceived letters from Great Britain an nouncing the fact that the sum of £5,400, with interest from 1836, is now lying to liis credit in the Bank of England, yet the old man is unable to raise the neces sary fees to enable him to appear before the Judge to swear out of jail. • ♦ Walked Overboard. The Petersburg Express states that Capt. Jacob F. Denny, a farmer of Kent Island, Queen Anne’s county, Aid., was lost overboard from the schooner Anne Eliza, Capt. Degg, while on her way to Baltimore last Thursday night, with a cargo of wheat belonging to Capt. Den ny. The unfortunate man had laid down on the taffrail of tlie vessel, and while in a fit of somnambulism, walked overboard. Religious Revivals. The Waynesboro’ News learns from a reliaf'le source that the Methodists have been having a good time of it in the low er part of Burke county for two weeks past. A protracted meeting commenced at Old Church some two weeks ago, and at last accounts it had moved to Haber sham, and was still progressing, with a great ingathering of souls—about sixty persons have professed religion, and “taken up the cross to follow their Sa vior.” The Alilledgeville Recorder states that on Friday night last, during a thunder storm, the stable of John A. Breedlove, Esq., of that city, was struck by light ning and set on lire. The stable being filled with forage, was soon consumed; the raiu continuing, the five did not spread. Loss about five or six hundred dollars. Capt. Thomas E. Shaw, who was se verely wounded by the explosion of the steamer Barnett, on Wednesday last, near Jacksonville, -died of his injuries cn Fri day evening last. At a Convention of the Democracy of Taylor county, at Butler, on the 2d inst., William S. Wallace, Esq., was nominated for the Senate, and J. C. McCants, Esqr.. for the House. Eight shares of the stock of the Cen tral Rail Road were sold cn Tuesday, 2d inst., in Savannah, at $l2O per share. TJie Rail Road Barbecue at this Place. Now that the political canvass is over, and the excitement incident thereto has subsided, let us ai! go to work, heart and baud, for our Rail Road. Though it may be, and doubtless is, impossible for our citizens to agree politically, we certainly can all come together as a unit upon the great Rail Road interest of cur country. It is said that interest governs the world, and we doubt not but what the saying is a correct one, and it cannot be questioned but what all, from the most opulent down to the humble cottager, are directly in terested in this Rail Road enterprise. From the proceedings of a meeting held in this place on Tuesday, which will be found in another part of our paper, it will be seen that we are to have a grand Rail Road barbacue at this place on the 10th inst. Speakers from a distance are expected. Let us all do our duty, and have a grand rally for our road. “All the world and the rest of mankind” are invited and expected to he present. Come one, come all. —Tallapoosa Tunes. ♦ Singular Death. A negro woman, belonging to Airs. Cross, in Hanover county, says the Rich mond Morning News, died a few weeks ago under the following circumstances: She complained to her mistress of having a kind of choking sensation about the throat ; her mistress gave her a glass of salt water, but it failed to have the de sired effect. Shortly after the negro dis charged from the bowels a lizard, nearly six inches in length, causing her death in a short time. A doctor was called in, and, upon examination, stated that he thought the lizard was swallowed some two years ago. It is presumed the negro swallowed the lizard while drinking water. + C!iarletcii and Savannali Railroad. We find in the Charleston Courier a letter from the general contractors on this road, to the President, in which they state flattering prospects of an early completion of the entire road. They have recently secured the accession of 114 negro hands. This accession to their former force on the road, they say, ensures the comple tion of the entire road, with the exception probably of some fifteen or twenty miles of track laying, by January, 1800. They say that if the bridge across the Savannah river is completed in time, the cars can pass from Charleston to Savannah by Alarcli, 1860. <. Tlie Opposition Nominee. AVe learn frent the Atlanta Intelligencer that the Opposition Convention which as sembled in that city on Wednesday, nom inated Warren Aiken, Esqr., of Cass county-, to make the race with Joseph E. Brown, for Governor. Tire Intelligencer says the orators spoke very encouraging ly of the flattering prospects of a success ful termination of the contest in the tri umphant election of their standard bearer. First Bale in Georgia. A bale of new cotton, the first wc have heard of in Georgia, was received at Georgetown, Ga., last Tuesday. It was from the plantation of Alaj. J. AI. Stark, of Quitman (formerly part of Stewart) county, and weighed 450 pounds. It classed middling, and was purchased by E. C. Ellington at 121 c. We learn als<*, that one bale of new cotton was received at Eufaula on AVed nesday, for which 11c. was refused. Dickens. Ou the authority of a private letter, which arrived by the Persia, from an in timate per jnal friend of the novelist, it is announced that Charles Dickens will visit this country during the ensuing au tumn, and give the readings from his own works that have been so successful in England. < Invitation to Lieut. Maury. ‘Professor Maury, of the National Ob servatory, lias been invited by the direc tors of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, to form one of the consulting committee to investigate and advise the directors as to the best arrangement of the external form, specific gravity, and electrical con struction of the next cable. Heat in Europe. The foreign journals received by- the Eu ropa contain numerous paragraphs about the extreme heat in Europe, of the first half of the last month. July 6th was re ported to he the hottest day ever known in the South of France, the thermometer having attained the extraordinary height of 118 degrees of Fahrenheit’s scale. ~—* *♦- W e have been favored with a commu nication from a friend at Clayton, giving the result of the elections in Barbour county. As the letter was addressed to one of us individually, it was not opened until some time after the news it con tained had already appeared in our col umns. Hence it was not published. Wc trust the explanation will be satis factory-, as we hope to hear from our correspondent frequently. Robert CV. McDonald being arraigned for the murder of A'irginia Stewart, in the Court of General Sessions, New York, stated that his counsel were James T. Brady-, Esq., the Hon. P. Philips of Washington, and Judge Grandia of New Jersey. Alessrs. Brady and Philips were counsel to Air. Sickles during his trial. * Personal. AYe received a visit, yesterday, from Air. AYtllis AI. Russell, editor of theßain briJge Argus. lie has been traveling for the purpose of extending the circulation of his paper, and we are pleased to learn that his efforts have beeu successful. , ■* A Gem. The poem in another column, which has lately been given to the public, will, especially iu Columbus, be read with avidity by the acquaintances personally or through the writing of the gifted au thoress, the late Airs. Caroline Lee Ilectz. Five Companies in One County. From the Clayton Banner we learn that another military company has been or ganized at Midway, Alabama, numbering thirty members. The military spirit is certainly prevailing in Barbour. James AY. Warren, Esq., associate edi tor of the Columbus Times, is now in New York City, sojourning with his beau tiful bride. Avery interesting letter from him, appears in the last issue of his paper.* The Selma Sentinel, of the 10th inst., says : “The Alabama river, at this point, has been rising for the past two days very rapidly, and is still rising. No doubt there has been very heavy rains iuthe up country.” COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, AUGUST lt>, 1859. From the Louisville Courier, mammoth Cave—Colossal Cavern — A New Discovery. Editors Louisville Courier:— ln the fall of 1858, Mr. L. J. Proctor, the pro prietor of tlie Alaminoth Cave, in com pany with two assistants, undertook the exploration of a cave, an entrance to which is situated in Barren county, a mile and a half from the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and ten miles from the Mammoth Cave. Up to the time of the exploration made by Mr. Proctor, nothing was known as to the direction, distance or dimensions of this vast sub terranean region, which I have ventured to name Colossal Cavern,land which, in extent, grandeur and sublimity, as much exceeds the Alammoth Cave as tlie latter exceeds any cave heretofore discovered. Since the explorations of Air. Proctor were made, the writer of this article has verified that gentleman’s observations, and, in order to facilitate the description of the cave, .lias conferred the names mentioned below upon the principal points of interest. . The first mile of the avenue leading from the entrance of the Colossal Cave runs in a north-eastern direction, and varies from twenty to sixty feet in width, and from ten forty in height. Stalac tites and stalagmites of almost every con ceivable form and a great variety of color are found in this avenue. This is called Stillo Avenue, from the stalactitic forma tions which are found in it. On leaving Stillo avenue, an avenue is entered which is three miles iu length, and which gradually ascends for its en tire distance. The walls, floor and ceil ing of this avenue are lined with alabas ter flowers of.a variety of forms and of indescribable beauty, many of which are over eight inches in diameter. Like the flowers in Cleveland’s Cabinet in the Alammoth Cave, they are composed of the sulphate of lime, and are of a pure white color. On the floor of this avenue, successive crops of stucco flowers may he observed resting one above .another, which have detached themselves from the walls and ceiling, from time to time, by their own weight. These flowers always form in avenues destitute of moisture, and with exceeding slowness. The seasons required for the successive growths of subterranean flow ers are not to he reckoned by months, hut by centuries, for, as can be observed iu the Mammoth Cave, where gypsum flow ers have been detached for a period of fifteen years, the crystals that compose them are barely perceptible, emerging from the parent rock of the present time. This avenue is styled the Floral Temple. Floral Temple communicates with an avenue about a half mile iu length, which leads to a cascade and the entrance of a river. The river, at the point at which it is viewed, is seventy-five feet wide, and gives an echo louder than that of any river in the Alammoth Cave. *There being no boat upon the river, it has not been explored, although it has every ap pearance of great length. This body of water is called the Mysterium. On the right bank of the river Alyste riuoi an avenue arises which contains the most magnificent collection of stalactites ever discovered. This avenue was ex plored for a distance of three and a half miles without discovering a terminus. At this point in the explorations a stalagmite was discovered, which is a perfect statue of Gen. AYasliington in military costume. The stone, of which the natural statue is composed, is as white as statuary mar ble, and is exceedingly compact. AYash ingtou avenue is the name conferred upon this portion of the cave. On returning to the Alysterium, au ave nue may be entered which runs directly north for a distance of a quarter of anfile, tvhich terminates in a dome, and which, in size and general appearance, resembles the mammoth dome in the Alammoth Cave. This is called Proctor’s Dome, in honor of its discoverer, Air. L. J. Proctor. From Proctor’s Dome to the cliffs, on the banks of Green river, the principal avenue resembles in size the main cave of the Alammoth Cave. The entrance to Colossal Cavern, on the cliffs of Green river, is one hundred and fifty feet above the bed of that stream, and is eleven miles on a direct line to the entrance in Barren county. The Green river entrance is in Edmonson county. The avenue which leads from Proctor’s Dome to the Ed mondson county entrance is named Green River Avenue. The walls and ceiling of Green River Avenue, for a distance of three miles and a half, are covered with nodules of gypsum, which resemble snow balls. Seven days were occupied in the first explorations of the Colossal Cavern, by Air. Proctor, and the second entrance was discovered on the fifth day, which was the first and only time the light of the sun was seen during the explorations. Besides the avenues briefly mentioned, seventy-five others, which intersect them, have been counted, the extent of which is not known ; and the aggregate distance which has already been explored is not less than forty miles. I hope, at no distant period, to give a more detailed account of Colossal Cavern, which presents such a vast field for sub terranean research to those who take an interest in troglodytean lore. C. AY. AVRIGHT. Prof. Chemistry in Ky. School of Aledi cine. Alajimoth Cave, July 28, 1859. • ♦’ “” ~ Tlie Wise Letter. The following to the New York Herald, explains how the silly pri vate letter of Gov. Wise found its way to the public : “Albany, Aug. 6, 1859. “It has leaked out here by what means the famous letter of Gov. AYise came to be published. It appears that the letter was written to a confidential friend of Gov. AA'ise, residing in New York. That gen tleman, on a recent visit to Albany, while in conversation with some members of the Regency, found those parties hostile to Air. Vt ise, ou the ground of his inti mate relations with Fernando AYood, and the control the ex-Mayor was supposed to have over him. Tlie gentleman, who is a highly honorable man, and perhaps not smart enough for the intrigues of the Regency, incidentally stated, in a spirit friendly to Gov. AYise, that he knew the imputations against him to be unfounded. But he would not be credited unless he produced the proof; whereupon, larnim formed, he shoved the letter to Mr. Cassidy, of the Argus, in strict confidence, who asked permission to lay it before Mr. Richmond. This was demurred to, except upon the solemn assurance that it should not appear in print. It is now known that seve ral copies of it were made.” Barbaric Troops for the British Army. The adoption of the Zouaves and Tur cos into the French army, and their suc cesses against European troops, have in cited the British government to attempt the organization of similar corps from their colonies in the AYest Indie-. Some time ago the black soldiers iu Bermuda were uniformed ala Zouave, and we now learn that orders have been issued by the AA'ar Department for the transportation of three thousand Jamaica negroes to Eng land. Once arrived, they are to be drill ed in the use of the latest and most de structive patterns of small arms, and trained to serve the new rifled cannon. AA'hen this first squad has been incorpora ted with the army, it will doubtless be followed by others, until the English will have a biack division which will cope, in barbarity and ferocity at least, with the Turcos. Anew candidate for the honors of the Alayoraity has appeared in New York city, in the person of John Jacob Astor, Jr. The name is suggestive of cash. From tlie Montgomery Confederation. Slave Trade—-Piracy. Recent events have given rise to much discussion on the constitutionality and expediency of the acts of Congess against the slave trade. The clause of the Constitution which restricts the power of Congress prior to 1808 was the result of a compromise or “bargain” between those members of the convention who desired the immediate suppression of the trade, and those who contended for its indefinite extension. Thus the most threatening question was settled, and the “more perfect Union” substituted for the “old confederation.” Construed by its own terms, and by the light of circumstances which accom panied its adoption, the clause itself, in my judgment, clearly confers the power to prhibit when the limitation expired. But it also contains an admission, that but for the limitation, Congress would possess full power over the subject. The terms used denote that this power was conferred in the commercial clause of the Constitution. “Importation” and “duty” are words appropriately denoting the subject of commerce, and this construc tion has been adopted by our most emi nent statesmen and jurists. In favor of this power we have Also the highest authority in the repeated acts of Congress, passed without challenge, on the assumption that the 9th article of the Ist section was hut a temporary restraint of the general power. Thus the act of 22d Alarcli, 1794, makes it penal for the citizens of the United States to carry on the trade with foreign countries. The act of April 7th, 1798, prohibits the importa tion into the Mississippi Territory. The act of 23d February, 1803 t makes it un lawful to import slaves into any of the States which had prohibited their admis sion or importation. By the act of 3d December, 1815, published among the laws of the State of Alabama in 1843, it is enacted, that any slave brought into the State contrary to the laws of the y United States, shall be condemned, &c. These acts of Congress were not ques tioned. They do not fall within the limitations of the clause in question, and therefore rest for their validity on the general power. In 1807 a message was sent by the President to Congress, calling their at tention to this subject, in which lie con gratulates them “on the approach of the period at which they may interpose their authority constitutionally” to put a stop to the slave trade. This led to the pas sage of the act of 2d Alarcb, 1807, which made such importation a “high misde meanor,” to be punished by fine and imprisonment, liy this act, Congress resumed its full power over the question, and surely if there was anything iu the objection lately urged against the constitutional power of Congress over the subject, we should expect to find some notice taken of it. iu the debates.’ In looking over the “Annals,” we find there was much contrariety evinced as to the details of the Bill. The declaration of Mr. Early, of Georgia, that “he be lieved it to he the view of every member of the committee, and of all parts of the nation, to put an end to this traffic,” was acquiesced in by all, the constitutional power was never denied by any, and the Bill as amended finally passed on yeas 113, nays 5. In the many debates which have sub sequently occurred ou kindred questions, I know of no instance in which the objec tion now made was urged. On the con trary, frequent admissions of the power are to be found, as may he seen in the speeches of Pinkney and Barbour on the Aiissouri question in 1819 and 1820. AA’hen we add to all this the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, we have an array of authority, as well as of reason, that ought to put this matter beyopd the reach of cavil. By the act of 15th May, 1820, a citizen of a ship’s crew who shall land on any foreign shore and seize any negro with intent to make him a slave, or shftll decoy, or forcibly bring or carry, or shall receive such negro ou board with said intent, is adjudged a pirate, and death is the penalty. It has been contended that while Con gress might constitutionally designate the offence a “ high misdemeanor,” and pun ish it by fine and imprisonment, it has not the power to declare the act “piracy,” and punish it accordingly. If it possess power over the offence at all,, it is difficult to conceive where is the limitation, except in its own discretion. If it may impose imprisonment for life, it must also have the same power, in the absence of constitutional restriction, to inflict the penalty of death. Again, if the latter power exists, how can it be said to be violated by the mere designa tion of the act as piracy ? The powers of Congress are substantive things, and can not be varied by a mere word of descrip tion. It cannot be, that it possesses a power to inflict a certain penalty for a given offence under one name, but cannot inflict the same penalty for the same offence when designated by another name. I do not propose to advert to the morality of this trade, as disconnected from its illegality. AVhether malum in sc or malum prohibitum, is of no consequence, for I am considering the subject not as a moralist, hut as a jurist. Neither is it my object to inquire whether the penalty of the act is properly proportioned to the offence ; for this is to the law maker, and not to the law expounder. Adhering, then, to the question of power, it appears to me that whenever Congress is invested with authority to prohibit a certain act, it may punish the violator of that prohibition, without any express grant for that purpose; for such an authority would be implied. But the Bth section of the Ist article expressly confers the power “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers.” On this reasoning, I think it is main tainable that Congress would have had the power to punish counterfeiters of the coin or securities of the government, if there hail been no such authority ex pressly conferred. Besides the counterfeiting of coin and securities, there are only two other of fences named in the Constitution : Trea son, which the Constitution itself defines, and leaves the punishment to Congress ; and piracies and felonies on the high seas, and offences against the laws of Nations, which are left to Congress “ to define and punish.” But it is very clear that these enumerated offences bear no proportion, numerically, to those not enumerated, and which are within the admitted juris diction of Congress. The act of 15th April, 1790, provides penalties for mur der, misprision of felony, manslaughter, maiming, stealing or falsifying records, larceny, perjury, bribery, obstruction of process, rescue, violation of safe conduct, kc., and this catalogue has been greatly extended by subsequent enactments. Buttesting the provision of the act of 1820 by the express grant of the Consti tution, I cannot understand by what pro cess of logic it can he maintained, that the power to “ define and punish piracy” does not fuliy cover it. I agree that the slave trade is not piracy by the law of Nations. But this does not prevent Con gress from declaring it piracy according to its own laws which operate on its own citizens. The plain design of this grant was to empower Congress to de clare, or designate such acts as in their discretion should constitute the crime. If the grant had confined the power to punishment alone, there would have been some ground for the argument that the penalty could only be affixed to piracy as then known to the laws of Nations. A provision similar to that of the act of 1820, is incorporated into that of the British Parliament passed a few years subsequently. But neither of these lias any effect in changing the character or definition of piracy under the law of Nations. They constitute mere statutory piracy; and the difference between tlie two offences consists in this, that while pirates by the law of Nations are regard ed as the common enemy of mankind and as the high seas are under the common dominion of all States, they may be pun ished by the laws of any jurisdiction, while in the other case of a statutory pi racy, they can only be punished by the government whose, laws has been viola ted. It is again said that this statute is an insult to the slaveholding States, and is a virtual denunciation of the title by which their property in slaves is he’d. This argument confounds all distinction between what is lawful and unlawful, and proceeds upon the false assumption that title to property acquired under legal authority, must necessarily be questioned by a subsequent enactment, which should make further acquisition of such property illegal In judging of the effect of a law we look only to its terms, and not to the opinions of -members who vote for it. It is therefore of no consequence whether many of those who sustained it believed all holding of slaves to be immoral. AA’e possess our slaves by virtue of the con stitution and laws of the laud, and this is the highest title by which property is held. AA'e cannot then well afford to let others enjoy their sentiments on this subject, while they do not attempt to in terfere practically with our rights of property. But tlie argument if it prove any thing proves too much, for the denunciation cannot consist in the severity of the pun ishment, or in the mere designation of the offence. If it have any existence it must rest on the fact that the law makes the trade an offence at all. It can make no difference whether the violation of the prohibition is a “ high misdemeanor” or “ pfracy.” The argument therefore would reach every statute passed upon the sub jects just as completely as the act of 1820. The Aiissouri Compromise act was justly subject to this objection, and the South demanded its repeal, yet it denounced no penalty whatever. It comes then to this, shall we demand from Congress a repeal of its whole legis lation upon this subject ? It is scarcely necessary to discuss such a question, for the assent of Congress cannot he ob tained. But if it were attainable I would not favor it. I believe the revival of the trade would be the most fatal stab that could be planted in the bosom of the South. I do not believe the States, left to separate aoiion, would off'ectually stop the flood of barbarism, which aviricc and cupidity would throw upon their shores. lam therefore for maintaining the power of prohibition, where the constitu tion has placed it and where it can be made most available. AVhether the penalty of the act is too severe is a question of legislative discretion, and a fair subject of discussion. Certainly punishment should never exceed in severity the exi gency which alone justifies it. These considerations lead me to regard the present agitation in favor of the revi val of the slave trade, as fruitful in noth ing but mischief. Already the cry has been raised of the “ rich against the poor!” aery of fearful import in any State, but most ominous wlfen heard in the Southern States of this confederacy. I regard it therefore as the highest duty we owe to our section, that we should close up our ranks by uniting our people in the firm-maintenance of those rights which the constitution protects, and not to put at hazard what we have, in seeking for what we have not. P. PHILLIPS. Betsy Balter's Boiniet, The collection in the rooms of the Rhode Island Society for the Encourage ment of Domestic Industry has received an interesting addition, a bonnet braided by Airs. Betsey Baker, in exact imitation, braid, shape and trimming, of the first straw bonnet ever braided in this coun try. Sixty-one years ago, when this venerable lady was a blooming maiden, she determined to have a straw bonnet. Not knowing any other way*to get it than to braid it herself, Aliss Betsey Alctcalf —that was her maiden name—saw an im ported Dunstable straw bonnet in Col. AVhipple’s store, and being a true Yankee girl, site set herself to work to imitate it. The interesting memoir upon straw braid ing, contributed by Judge Staples to the last volume of the Transactions of tho Domestic Society, shows how she succeed ed. With no instruction, without the opportunity of unbraiding a specimen of the work to see how it was done, she per severed till she made a bonnet that was the envy of the other girls. Thence sprung a business which to-day employs ten thousand people, and turns out six million bonnets and hats annually, in the single State of Alassachusetts. The public attention was first directed to the subject and to the service which one young lady’s ingenuity had rendered to the country by the memoir of Judge Staples, the Secretary of the Society. Her portrait, painted by Lincoln, and presented to the Society to Gov. Dyer, hangs upon the wall of the Secretary’s office. A few days since she presented to the Society a sac simile of the first bon net that she braided, and it will be pre served as a memorial of a most interest ing incident, connected with a large and important branch of domestic production. The bonnet, it may be supposed, differs materially from those now in use. For the information of our fair readers wc may stale that the fashion in 1798 was decidedly larger than the prevalent one to-day, and that the new bonnet after the old style of which we speak, would not fail to create a sensation on AVestminster street. If they doubt it let one of them try it. AYe dare say it might he borrowed for the experiment.— Providence Journal. Important Invention. Mr. John Alason, proprietor of the Eu reka Brewery, has invented a machine which promises to make an important change in the art of putting up beer, ale, porter, cider, etc., etc. The invention consists of a machine by which carbonic acid gas is forced into kegs of from one to five gallons capacity, after being filled with malt liquor, by which the ferment ing quality is conveyed to it, without the usual process of fermenting in the larger vats. The ale is first allowed to ferment entirely in casks, until it becomes per fectly fiat—the working qualities having been allowed to flow freely out of the but hole. AA'hen the fermentation has ceased, the ale is run off into small kegs, and then life is conveyed by charging it with the gas. By this process, all the disa greeable cathartic qualities of the ale are avoided, as the liquor is run into the kegs perfectly clear, owing to its having set tled in the larger casks. This liveliness, or foaming quality, contributed by the gas, remains in the beer under all circum stances, until the last of it has been drawn off. Exposure to the air has no effect upon it. The value of the discovery con sists in the peculiar manner in which the gas is forced into the kegs. A patent has been applied for, and the ale thus charged will shortly be in general use. Asa Cal ifornia invention, it is worthy of particu lar notice.— San Francisco Tunes. “ Sermon on tlie Mount.” The Rev. Mr. Hickerman, Lutheran, of Abingdon, Va., on Sunday week, preach ed a sermon from the summit of White Top mountain. White Top is 6,000 feet above the waves f the ocean, and being near the spot where the States of North Carolina, Tennessee and A'irginia corner, and where the counties of Ashe, Johnson, Grayson, Smyth and AYasliington, inter sect—the audience went up from three States and five counties, and yet few went more thau half a dozeu miles from home. M MBFl* is. A Sermon of lire Revolution. The following sermon was preached on the eve of the battle of Brandy wine, Sep tember 10, 1779, by llev. .Toab Trout, before a large portion of the American army, Gen. Washington, Gen. Wayne, and other leading officers being present. It is difficult to read its stirring words, without feeling the blood tingling in one’s veins: Soldiers, I look around upon your fa miliar faces with strange interest. To morrow we will go forth to the battle; for need I tell you that your unworthy minister will arch with you, invoking God's aid in the fight? We will march forth to battle! Meed 1 exhort you to fight the good fight; to fight for your homesteads, for your wives an 1 children .’ My friends, I might urge you to fight by the galling memories of British wrong. Walton, 1 might toil you of your father butchered in the silene*e of night on the plains of Trenton : I might pic ture bis grey hairs dabbled in blood; 1 might ring his death shriek in your ears ! Shelmire, 1 might tell you of a butch ered mother; the Itfhelv farm house, the ! night, assault, the roof in tlames, the shouts of the troopers as they despatched their victims; the cries for mercy, the pleadings of inuocer.ee for pity. 1 might | paint all this again in the vivid colors of the terrible reality, if 1 thought your courage needed such wild excitement. Rut I know you are strong in the might of the Lord. You will march forth to battle on the morrow with light hearts and determined spirits, though the sol emn duty, the duty of avenging the dead, may rest heavy on your souls. And in the hour of battle, when all around the darkness is lit by the lurid cannon glare and tlie piercing musket flash, when the wounded strew the ground and the dead litter your path, then remember, soldiers, that God is with you! The eternal God fights for you. He rides on the battle-cloud ; ho sweeps onward with the march of the hurricane charge! God, the awful and the infinite, fights for you, and will triumph ? From Texas. The Texas (Victoria) Advocate says that rain has been general throughout the country, and in a greater portion of the State the erops arc in excellent condi tion. The Gonzales Enquirer gives cheering reports in regard to the cotton crop in that region. The weekly review of the Houston j Telegraph furnishes the following in re gard to the promise of the coming liar- i vest : From the interior we everywhere hear of timely rains and flourishing crops. In all that part of the State below the lati tude of 81 degrees cotton bolls well ! opened have begun to make their appear ance, and we are now daily expecting to hear of the arrival of the first bale of new cotton in market. The cotton crop promises to be magnificent, and unless j the rains now falling should engender : worms, there is no reason to doubt but j the crop will be all the most sanguine ! can wish. The corn crop is enough for all practical purposes, and we hear of no part of the State where corn commands i more than fifty cents, out of the new crop. The sugar cane is also coming on ! elegantly, and correspondents in the su- i gar region give us to infer that the crop will be an abundant one. The Houston Republic, of the 30thult., says : The third section of the Texas Central Railroad is completed. This takes up seventy-five miles from Houston, and two miles beyond the Navisoto river. Eight miles on the fourth section is graded, and by December, 18-39, ten miles of that section will be in running order. This will make eighty-five miles to Millikin’s, finished by the end of this year. What we Owe Al>roati. “A Banker” writing in the New York ; Courier, states that this country owes Europe, on various accounts, not less than four hundred and forty millions of dol lars. This is not a mere conjecture of the writer, but be gives the figures, for the respective State and rail road corpo rations ; and they have all the marks of j being genuine and authentic. The total debt of the States, according to this writer, is two hundred and sixty millions. Os this sum ninety-six millions are held in Europe. The debt of Virgin ia is put down at thirty-three millions, of which twelve millions are estimated to be held by European capitalists. The total debt of our various rail road corporations foots up the enormous sum of one billion; fifty millions of this is due abroad. Add to the State and Rail road debt, held in Europe, other indebt edness on account of City and County Bank Bonds, Stock, See., and the aggre gate amounts as above stated, to four hundred and forty millions. The writer further states that this is the minimum estimate. Other estimates make our indebtedness to Europe at six hundred millions of dollars! This is an immense sum. The interest upon it, alone, at six per cent, amounts to thirty-six millions of dollars a year. Rater from Central America. New York, August 1 1.—The steamship North Star has arrived from Aspinwall, with dates to the 3d instant. A revolutionary movement had taken place in Carthagena on the 23d ult. The Liberals proclaimed against the govern ment authorities, and appointed a provi sional ruler. The Isthmus news is unimportant. Fire Sir Cincinnati. Cincinnati, August 11. —To-day the wholesale liquor store of S. Boyle Cos. was partially burnt, as were also the liquor store of S. 27. Pike, and thq coffee warehouse of Cane, Breed & Cos. The los3 is one hundred and seventy thousand dollars, and the insurance sixty thousand dollars. Furtlier l>y tire Kova Scotian. New'York, August B.— The English and French press are endeavoring to re store the entente cordial between the coun tries. England has offered to send a repre sentative to the Zurich conference if France would disarm. France has agreed to a general disarm ament on land and sea. Forged. Cijecka Discovered. St. Louis, August B.— Eighty thousand dollars of forged government checks were recently discovered at Camp Floyd, and two persons have been arrested, charged with the offence. •> Prof. Wise and iii Systematic Bal looning. Prof. V, ise left St. Louis in his balloon Jupiter, accompanied by his son, on the 30th of July’, intending to land near La fayette. The voyage ended about thirty miles from St. Louis in consequence of a rain, which soaked the net work of the balloon and brought it down. The voy agers reached Lafayette by railroad. The Prof, is confident that if it had not been for the rain he would have landed near the point he had proposed to reach. He expects to make another trip, starting from Terre Haute, in a few days. Kentucky. Returns from sev?nty-seven counties in this State gives McGoffin (Bern.) 8,573 majority. The twenty.eight counties yet to be heard from, gave lievill, Democrat ic candidate for Clerk of the Court of Appeals, last year, 6,514 majority. ARRIVAL. OF THE TEAMEK A 1 ? A P, I A . Sackvillk, August 10. —Tin: Steamship Arabia reached Halifax yesterday after noon, and the news was immediately dis patched by horse express to Sackvillc. It reached (he latter point late in the night, Liverpool, July CO.—The sales of cot ton for the week reached 62,000 bales. Holders demand an advance of >d. Hold ers offer their stocks freely, but- show no disposition to press sales. Breadstuffs and provisions closed dull with a declining tendency. At London, Consols were quoted at 93, and the money market was repotted slightly more stringent. The sales in Liverpool to speculators were -3,500 and to exporters S,OOO bales, the sales on Friday, 29th July, were 8.000 bales, and the market closed steady and firm at the following quotations: Fair Orleans S' 4 ,t. j Muidl’g 0r1ean5.,.,7 lei “ Mobile 7 „.i. •• M 11. V 1 id. “ Uplands Thai. | “ Uplands ..Til. Havre Cotton Market.—Orleans ti es ordinaire quoted at 11 If. The bullion in the Bank ol’ England had decreased £236,000. The Emperor Napoleon had declared that the French army and Navy should be restored to a peace looting without the least possible delay. It was general ly Regarded as a siucere and pacific policy on the part of the Emperor. The Zurich conference had net yet been held. The Eugiish Ministry had announced that they would not accept an invitation to the European Congress until the resujt of the Zurich conference is made known. Additional by tin- Arabia. Ten Brocck’s horse won the Goodwood stakes. The Goodwood cup was won by Promised Land—Prioress standing third on the list. Thesteamsliips Yanderbilt, Bavaria and City of Baltimore, bad arrived at Liver pool. The U. S. corvette Plymouth sailed for Brest on Monday. The debates in Parliament indicate a determination, on the partof the Govern ment, to prosecute tlio work in the na tional defences. The Sardinian plenipotentiary for Zur ich had reached Paris. Russell and Palmerston admitted that the Parliament of England had acted as a medium in conveying the terms of France to Austria ; but without endorsing them. The Moniteur’s announcement of the disarmament of the troops caused the Bourse to advance one centum; but sub sequently this was partially lost, and it closed at 68 45. Liverpool Cotton Market. — The stock of Cotton in Liverpool was 675,000 bales, of which 607,500 were American. State of Trade. —Manchester advices were favorable, and all qualities of goods had slightly advanced. Business very buoyant and active. The harvest prospects were favorable. Liverpool General Markets — Flour was very dull, and unchanged. Wheat dull, at Tuesday’s improvement. Corn dull. Provisions declining. Fugar quiet, but firm. Coffee quiet. Rice steady. Rosin dull, at 3s. Bd. a 3s. 9d. London Money Market. —Consols were uochangcd* and quoted at 94} a 95 for money, and 95} a 95} for account. Deatli in tile Pulpit. The Morehouse (La.) Advocate relates the following singular scene : A most remarkable visitation of Divine Providence occurred in the Methodist Episcopal Church in this place, on Sun day night last, that it ever has befallen us to record. At an early hour the church was crowded to hear the Rev. John B. Spencer, deliver a sermon, and we, in common with many of our citizens, Avcrc an eye-witness to the scene we are about to relate. After several appropriate hymns had been sung, in which he led with a full and melodious voice, heard above the con gregation, all remained quiet as death, anxious to see and hear the comparative stranger and messenger of God. He arose; apparently in full vigor of health, with a calm and serene conntcuancc— read a chapter in the Bible and gav r e out his hymn, joining in the singing with the same warmth and energy as before.- Kneeling in prayer, the fervor of his devout supplications moved many of his hearers to tears, and seems ringing in our ears even now, while we are attempt ing to describe the scene. lie took his text from Ist Corinthians, 3d chapter, 21st, 22d and 23d verses, which read as follows : “Therefore, let no man glory in men, for all things are yours, whether Paul, or Appolos, or Cephas, or the world, or life, or death, or things present, or things to come, are all yours, and you are Christ’s, and Christ is God’s.” After explaining the circumstances under which Paul wrote this portion of his letter to the Corinthians, lie led off in a very clear, forcible and impressive tone of voice to unfold the beauties of his subject. Not a stir from his attentive audience dis turbed the pious man of God, who was delivering an excellent and well-timed discourse, which seemed to fascinate all who were in the sound of his voice. He proceeded in the same forcible style, until he had finished about half of his dis course, and was dwelling upon that por tion of his text included in the words, “or life or death,” when he suddenly stopped, as if hesitating; attempting again to proceed, lie could only, with fal tering voice, repeat, “all are yours,” and with an expression of joy, sank back speechless in the pulpit. Restoratives were used, but all seemed of no avail, and he was borne from the church life less, as it were, and expired in a few hours. ♦ Nevj’ York Dry fcrootls—Advance in Prices. The New York correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer writes: The dry goods trade the past week ha been quite active, and with the upward and advancing tendency in the raw ma terial prices are buoyant for all de scriptions of cotton goods. The an nouncement that peace had been estab lished between France and Austria Lad a tendency to advance prices on the other side, which also had a beneficial influence upon our market, and holders, in view of the light stock here, generally insisted upon lull, and in most cases higher prices. The fall season bids fair to be an active and profitable one, as prices for most de scriptions must soon show an advance, as the supply of cotton goods here is very limited, and manufacturers are busily en gaged on contracts which will keep them employed for at least three months to come. Brown sheetings are in demand at B.’ to 8} for heavy, and 71 to 7-j for light ditto. In brown shirting a fair business is do ing at 7] for light, and 7;} for heavy, with a good export inquiry. Bleached sheetings and shirtings have been active at full prices, with large sales for export. Drills are in good demand for shipment to China, and with a reduced stock; prices aVe firm at 8} to 9c. for bleached, and 10} to 11} for blue. Cotton flannels are in brisk demand at slightly higher prices. Printed cloths are scarce and firmer, with a good inquiry. In all other descriptions of cotton goods the market is firm, and prices generally tend upward, with a good demand. Voclen goods are in good supply, and with a moderate inquiry prices remain steady and unchanged. Cassimers and satinets, however, have been sold at slightly easier prices. In foreign goods there-has been a fair business done, and prices remain about the same, although they are still higher than those ruling last year this time. ♦ Dry Spell in Indiana. The grass has become so dry in some portions of Indiana that it catches fire from the sparks of the locomotives. On the Terre Haute road ditches been cut neartbe track to check the flames and prevent their consuming the ties of the road. At several places on the Belle tontaiue jroad the trains have been forced to stop and extinguish the flames.