Newspaper Page Text
CQLUM BUS. 1
J. H., MARTIN, Editor.
WHAT CARPET-BAG BUIE ANT)
EEDERAL TYRANNY HAVE DONE
FOR US.
We intended yesterday, in copying the
article headed “What the South has Lost
by Carpet-bag Rule,” (embracing some
facts and figures furnished by a corres
pondent of the New York Tribune), to
accompany it with remarks commending
it to the roader’s attention; but this we
inadvertently neglected. We hope that
every reader, if he did not give it his
careful attention yesterday, will do so
' to-day.
The great material loss of the Southern
people by the war and its after events,
came so directly home to nearly every
man among us, that no one could be igno
rant of it. But the most significant dis
closure of the facts and figures of the
Tribune —one which has not been so ap
parent to us—is to be found in the con
trast between the condition of the late
slave States which were “reconstructed”
by Congress and the carpet-baggers and
those of them which were left to recon- 1
struct themselves. See what an exhibit
it makes of the condition of Delaware,
Maryland and Missouri, not so recon
structed, compared with that of the other
States that lost their slaves. The con
trast fixes the responsibility for our de
declining and pitiable condition unmis
takably on the kind of political rule to
which w o have been subjected. And the
reason is obvious —the causes are as ap
parent as the effects. Kulers having no
fixed residence or no property in the
State—especially rulers and law-makers
receiving their powers not from the peo
ple, but from some outside authority—
could not have at heart the interests of
tho poople to the same degree as men
having interests in common with them.
They were usurpers and plunderers, and
they acted the part of usurpers and plun
derers. They squandered the public money
and impaired the public credit, instead of
preserving them. They upturned society
sc as to bring the dregs to the top and to
sink intelligence and respectability to the
bottom. They made these States unde
sirable places of residence for anybody—
unendurable places for any but the patient
and patriotic men who hoped to be able
to overthrow their oppressors and over
come the wrongs and evils of the social
and political situation.
We daily see mention of “schemes of
immigration” by which the South is to be
restored to her prosperity and power.
This is looking for an effect before we
make a cause. We must make the South
desirable to emigrants before we can
reasonably expect thorn to settle among
us. Wo must remove the obstacles that
now stand in tho way of immigration be
fore tho stream will set set this way. This
can be done only by overthrowing every
vestige of the State rule that has made
our condition what it is, and giving the
world assurance that we are in no danger
of again falling under such a rule. The
Southern States now freest of such danger
are those to which all outsiders look with
most confidence, and in which they
would soonest invest their money or pitch
their residences. Maryland, Delaware
and Missouri huve had no such rule.
Georgia, we hope, is steadily overcoming
its effects. But Georgia is as yet isolated
in the work of thorough reform. Even
she cannot be considered out of danger
of being again overrun by the carpet-bag
ger, the negro and tho bayonet, as long
as ltadicalism rules at Washington. The
early restoration of the South to prosper
perity and progress—its early recovery of
a condition making it safe or desirable
for immigration and capital—depends up
on a change of the policy of the Federal
Administration. The Southern States
must become political equals in the Un
ion, and their domestic goverments must
be secure from the Federal usurpation or
intermeddling, before they can compete
with the really free and equal States for
the European immigration coming to the
country or the investment of any out
sider’s property. Our people owe it to
themselves —their own best interests de
mand it—that they should bend every
energy to the Removal of the causes of
their poverty and inequality. Let them
do this, and the desired effect must follow,
as certainly as effect always follows cause.
lION. B. H. HILL’S SPEECH.
Our readers will miss a treat if they
overlook Hon. Benj. H. Hill’s address to
the farmers at Jonesboro’. We copy it
to-day. it abounds with suggestive
thoughts and logical truths, eloquently
expressed. We particularly ask attention
to that part of Mr. Hill’s speech in which
ho struck out on the same line of argu
ment which we attempted yesterday—
showing that the Southern States must
fully regain the right of self-government
before they can reasonably hope for solid
prosperity, or to secure immigration or
induce foreigu capital to invest here.
Cotton in Kansas and Missouri.— We
were not aware that cotton was planted to
any extent in Western Missouri and Kan
sas, until we saw yesterday a dispatch
dated Kansas City (M 0.,) August 11th,
saying: “Apprehensions are felt of the
entire failure of the cotton crop through
out this section for want of rain.” Wheu
we were in Western Missouri and Eastern
Kans.ii-, in 1857, the little patches of cot
ton, pluqjed for home use, produced a
stalk nut more than twelve inches high,
and certainly not yielding more than 50
or lit) pounds of lint cotton to the acre,
though the ground was exceedingly rich.
But doubtless the obstacle was in the
shortness of the warm season ; and now
the farmers of Missouri, like those of
North Carolina and Georgia, have found
that they can stimulate the growth by
guano so as to make up for the shortness
of the season and make tho culture more
profitable.
The New York Herald's Vienna corres
pondent reports the Austrian Emperor
Frances Josepn as having said, after look
ing at our varied Southern productions in
the g.eat exhibition, “It must be a coun
try of wonderful resources that leaves so
little to be desired, except the means of
making these resources useful to man
kind.” We hope that the representatives
of Europe generally, congregated at Vi
enna, took as nearly correct a view of our
Southern country as the Emperor did.
There is no doubt about our having the
resources to invite European immigration
and capital. It only devolves upon us to
make our social and political status ac
ceptable and stable, and we will get the
help needed for the fullest development
of those resources. We have, in an
other article, given our views as to what
is needed to accomplish this.
It is announced that Prof. Wise and his
companion will have their balloon ready
for an experimental trip across the Atlan
tic, and will sail in a few days. Concern
ing the prospects of the voyage, the
Scientific American says: ‘"To us the
probabilities of his success appear to be
little better than those of an individual
who, in an open boat, without sail or oars,
should attempt to lioat across the Atlantic
on the surface of the Gulf stream.”
The Chops.—One of our commission
merchants has just returned from an ex
tensive overland trip through the counties
of Henry, Dale, Coffee and the upper
counties of \Y est Florida. He reports
crops extraordinarily fine. Planters have
made a two-year corn crop, and the cot
ton, as a general thing, is about as good
as the land cau make. Everybody’s
neighbor, “just over the line," has* cater
pillars, but nobody’s crop damaged as yet.
The prospect is that this year will make a
better return than any since the war. We
sincerely trust that these anticipations
may be realized .—Eufaula Hews, 13th.
The first bale of the new cotton crop
was received at Selma on Wednesday.
FARMERS AT ATHENS.
A LETTER FROM “ AGRICOLA.”
tater Proceedings of the Conventlon-
Speech of Governor Smith—Grand Ban
the Ladies of Athens—Election
J* Oncers— The Patrons of Husbandry
Conventi 1 o I n COlUn>bUß 4 ° have the Next
Newton House, >
„ August U, 1873. ,
Editors bun : I have found it impos
sible to get off an earlier report of the la
ter proceedings of the Convention, owing
to a press of other duties, but hope this
letter wiil reach your readers even in ad
vance of any other correspondence from
this point. Your section is ably and well
represented here, and I notice many dis
tinguished gentlemen and extensive
planters present from all parts of the
State. Col. Tom Hardeman, Jr., and
Mayor W. A. Huff, of Macon; Mayor
John H. James, of Atlanta ; and Hon.
Henry W. Hilliard, of Augusta, are
among the more prominent lookers-on
here, and seem to take a deep interest in
the proceedings.
The most of the questions announced
in my first letter as having been presented
for discussion, received the attention of
the Convention,to a greater or less degree,
and much valuable information and many
profitable ideas were evolved and clearly
defined by the several speakers. The en
tire proceedings have been marked by
plain, practical common-sense views of
agricultural subjects. Questions of vital
importance have been looked at from the
heights of utilized thought. Buncombe
speeches have not been the order of the
day, but the general desire has been to
test ail questions by the true standard
of utility and practicability. Can this
thing be made to promote the best interests
of Southern planters ? This was the first
question settled, and then the means of
attaining the object were ably discussed.
The Rev. I.T. Tichenor, D.l>., President
of the Agricultural and Mechanical College
of Alabama, located at Auburn, in re
sponding to a call from the Convention,
presented some very excellent ideas in re
gard to the importance of an agricultural
education for our farmers’ sons and
daughters, upon whom, he declared,
rather than on the enforcement of vagrant
laws, we must depend in the future for
systematic, reliable and skilled labor. We
need a general diffusion of scientific
knowledge, as applied to the pursuits of
agriculture. Science, he declared, was as
much the hand-maiden of agriculture as of
the mechanic arts. Labor in the field,
as elsewhere, must be dignified by our
sons, and they can better do this by
means of an industry guided by a thorough
knowledge of agricultural chemistry and
its multiplied operations.
Col. D. E. Butler, Chairman of Com
mittee on the question “How to Prevent
Negro Emigration from the State,” pre
j seated a most important and deeply inter
esting report on this subject. He claimed
. that negro labor was the best and the
: most profitable for the South, if properly
] controlled. He did not apprehend as
i much danger from negro emigration, as
j did some others, for he felt sure that the
j evil would soon regulate itself. Os the
| six thousand negroes who have left the
State, he estimated that only about twen
j ty-five hundred were able-bodied men.
| Os this number, judging from the latest
| reports gathered from all parts of the State,
j many have returned here, well satisfied
| that they cannot better their condition
| elsewhere. The inducements hekl out
by agents from other States to allure the
negroes away, have, in most instances,
proved a delusion. Owing to this fact,
and to other causes that are combining to
influence hard-working and sensible col
ored men to remain in Georgia, the com
mittee did not apprehend any great hegira
of blacks in the immediate future. Os
the four thousand white emigrants, it is
known that many have returned to Geor
gia, and that others propose to do so soon.
This fact will no doubt have a tendency to
check white emigration to some considera
ble extent.
Col. McKinley, of Milledgeville, also
discussed the subject of emigration, in
his address on “Land and Labor,” but in
a far different style. His remedy for our
present evils, which seems to have had
its origin in his own mind, is to be found
in the adoption by the planters of the old
English tenantry system. lie argued
eloquently, and with much force, that this
plan afforded the best means of utilizing
the negro labor of this country, which,
as a general thing, is at present in a
sadly demoralized and inefficient condi
tion. There must be some plan of this
kind adopted, otherwise we shall fail to
properly consolidate and systematize the
labor of the blacks. They are our real
dependence. All the talk we hear about
Northern and European emigration to the
South, so far as our present system of
labor is concerned, is worse than a waste
of words, because it deludes a certain
class of planters into expecting relief
from that source. Col. McKinley opposed
even the encouraging of such emigration, j
although by such encouragement it might i
be secured. I think his views on this \
subject radically wrong. We should
gladly welcome men from every nation
and from all climes, if they come here to
aid us in our industrial pursuits, and to
become quiet and respectable citizens.
Ii they come in such numbers as to
“flood’ the South, so much the better for
both them and us,and the whole country.
I hardly need tell you that the presence
in Athens at this time of Gov. James M.
Smith, of your city and county, was hailed
with numerous public expressions. Sick
ness prevented his attendance upon the
exercises of tne University’, but he was
able to get here iu time to meet with tb
Convention on Wednesday. He «... |
mediately waited upun by a special com- |
mittee, with a request that he would ad
dress the assembly at length on the sub
jact of agriculture, which he kindly con
sented to do; and was therefore present
ed to the Convention. His speech occu
pied nearly two hours in its delivery, but
was deeply interesting throughout, and
was frequently heartily applauded by the
delighted audience. The Governor con
fined himselt to questions of vital impor
tance to the success of the agricultural
interests of the South, and his remarks
were characterized by evident sincerity
and earnestness. He touched npou the
iabor question, and advocated the crea
tion and enforcement of vagrant laws, as
a means to compel loafers to go to work.
Fie opposed the education of negroes, I
if it was to make them lazy, and cause
them to feel above honest labor He hit
off the spending of money for worthless
guanos, and Western corn and meat, and
the practice of allowing “middle men” to I
absorb the planter's profits by their ope- i
rations. The farmer must make his own
fertilizers, raise his own corn and meat,
and sell to the best advantage himselt, |
whatever he may raise for market. He
also advocated a better knowledge of the
soil by the planters. This can only be
secured by an analysas of the various soils,
and for this the Legislature should estab
lish a bureau. Northern farmers under
stand the value of this, but a Southern
planter is old enough to die before he i
finds out the true nature and real value
of his soil. He alluded to the Patrons of i
Husbandry as supplying a want long felt j
in this section of the country. These
Granges will baud the farmers together,
and thereliy show them their real strength
as a body. This should lead them to use
their Granges for good and noble purposes,
aud not for visionary schemes, or for per
sonal promotion to place aud power. Ju
dicionsly used, these organizations have a
power that can bless this whole section,
and in due time “cause its waste places
to bud and blossom as the rose.”
The grand feature of the session, how
ever, was the reading of a paper on
“Scientific Education,” by Prof. W. L.
Leßroun, President of the State Agricul
tural College in this place, from which he
hopes to send forth, in time, scores of
young men trained to a perfect knowledge
of the best uses of science in connection
with farming pursuits. It is seldom that
I have ever listened to such an able paper,
or seen one accepted by an audience with
a show of greater appreciation. Every
body present was convinced of the fitness
of Prof. Leßroun for the high position to
which he has been called, and from the
reading of his splendid and timely paper,
it is hoped an influence will go abroad
throughout the State, that shall give anew
impetus to scientific study in the pursuit
of agriculture. It was clearly shown by
Prof. Leßroun that the times demand a
greater attention to this subject, not only
by young men just preparing for useful
ness in life, but on the part of older men
engaged in planting. We must call in the
art of science to help us recuperate and
make fruitful again our own beloved
South. Nor should we look disdainfully
upon labor saving machinery. Science
and Art, hand in hand, stand ready to
help those who are ready to help them
selves. Let us, then, call them into our
councils and accept every assistance
which tney may offer us in our agricul
tural pursuits.
But 1 fear that I am making this letter
too long, and will therefore sum up. in a
single paragraph, the rest of my items.
Everybody will rejoice to know that Gen.
Alfred H. Colqdftt, the able President of
the S’ ate Association, was unanimously
re-elected by acclamation, with Maloom
Johnson for Secretary, and that you* oWu
beautiful city has been selected for the
next annual meeting, which will be held
during the month of February, 1874. Os
the action of the Patrons of Husbandry
during the past few days, I can give yon
no report, as the Granges meet with closed
doors. I learn, however, that nearly one
hundred local Granges were represented
in the present session of the State Grange
of Georgia. Owing to the fact that ladies
are members of this organization, anew
feature was this year introduced into the
Grand Banquet. Instead of being, as
heretofore, a drunken frolic, I am glad
to report that the ladies of Athens had a
hand and a voice (of course they have a
voice wherever they have a hand) in the
entertainment of this year, and under
their supervision, and with their charm
ing smiles and bright eyes to gladden the
scene, the Banquet, for once at least,
proved to be “a feast of reason and a
flow of soul,” with considerable heart
mixed in, on the part of the young people
present. I hail with joy this new feature
in the social element of the Convention’s
Annual Banquet, for I believe it to be a
step in the right direction. Noble and
true women, in all departments of
life, are our best and surest advisers.
Agbicoi.a.
WHAT THE SOUTH HAS LOST BY
CARPET-BAG RULE.
A correspondent of the New York Tri
bune, who has taken some pains to inves
tigate the actual condition of the Southern
States, contributes to that journal the re
sult of his labors, which is comprised iu
nearly three columns of closely printed
matter. His exhibit is of the most in
teresting character, and shows conclu
sively the evil effects which have follow’ed
the so-called “reconstruction” of the
Southern States under Radical rule. In
1800, the value of property iu thirteen
Southern States, not including Delaware,
Maryland and Missouri, was $3,993,909,-
029. In 1870, deducting five hundred
dollars for each slave reported in 1800,
and reducing the valuation to the gold
basis of the previous decade, the valua
tion was $2,702,203,129, a loss of thirty
per cent. The States of Maryland, Dela
ware and Missouri, however, fared
very differently. During the ten
years Missouri gained nearly $600,000,-
000; Maryland $188,000,000, and Del
aware $33,000,000. The loss of property
in the thirteen Southern States was,
therefore, twelve liundred and thirty
millions in gold, a sum two-thirds as
large as the bonded debt of the United
States. Their entire property iu 1800,
exclusive of slaves, was $3,993,909,029,
and their loss is thirty per cent, of that
sum. The loss of slaves, added to that
already mentioned, makes a total of three
billions twi/hundred and thirty millions 1
over one-half of the entire property of
the thirteen States. Missouri aud Mary
land were afflicted by the w’aste and losses
of war quite as much as the majority of
the thirteen States, but Missouri has
gained 131 per cent, since 1800, and Ala
bama and Georgia have each lost respect
ively 41 and 47 per cent. Arkansas and
Missouri had about the same number of
slaves, and yet Arkansas has lost 22
per cent, of its wealth. The causes there
fore that have led to this decay iu the
Southern States have cost the country not
only the twelve hundred millions abso
lutely lost but the four thousand millions
which they have not gained—a sum more
than twice as great as the whole national
debt. The increase in the value of South
ern farms from 1850 to 1800 was one thou
sand millions of dollars, but the decrease
from 1800 to 1870 has been still greater,
so that the entire value of farms in the
thirteen States in less than it was in 1850,
twenty-three years ago. And emancipa
tion has not caused this startling decay.
Missouri had slaves aud was the seat of us
fierce a war as any of the other States,
and yet in Missouri the value of farms
has increased one hundred and sixty mil
lions !
Ascertaining from census reports the val
ue of farm lands aud number of acres, the
average value peraere,improved and unim
proved, and reducing the values for 1870
to gold for comparison with those of 1860,
we may form some estimate of the losses
other than in number of acres occupied.
The loss iu the average value per acre was
in Virginiaand West Virginia, $2 39,0r20
percent/in Kentucky, $1 71,0 r 11 per cent;
in Texas, 83 cents, or 22 per cent; in Ten
nessee, $4 10, or 30 per cent; in Fiorida,
$2 23, or 40 per cent; in North Carolina,
$2 84, or 47 per cent; in Georgia, $2 (it!,
or 48 per cent; in Arkansas, $5 32, or 58
per cent; in Alabama, $5 49, or 80 per
cent; in Mississippi, $7 01, or 58 per cent;
in Louisiana, sl3 29, or 80 per cent; and in
South Carolina, $5 83,0 rBB percent. Such
averages per acre, improved and unimprov
ed indicate an enormous depreciation in
the actual value per acre of improved
lands. Meanwhile, according to the same
test, the average iu Missouri has risen
$3.04 per acre, or nearly 30 per cent, in
gold value.
It may be supposed that the decline in
agriculture iu these States is due only to
the diminished production of the few
great crops formerly raised mainly by
slave labor. But statistics show a gene
ral decrease in products. We find, com
paring the crops of 1880 and 1870, not
only a loss of 1,300,000 bales of cotton,
but oi 2,uuG,000 pounds of wool; not only
a loss of 170,000,000 pounds of tobacco,
but of 15,000,000 pounds of butter—one
fourth of the production iu 1808—570,000
pounds of cheese; not only a loss of 107,-
000,000 pounds of sugar and 8,000,000
gallons of molasses, but of 21,000,000
bushels of potatoes, nearly one-half of the
.ropof 1860 iu those States; not only’a
oss of 113,000,000 pounds of rice, but of
8,000,000 bushels of wheat, 500,080 bush
els of rye, 110,000 tons of hay, 53,000
tons of hemp, and 109,000,000 bushels oi
corn! In view of a decrease in produc
tion so general and so startling, is it
strange that Southern farms depreciate in
value, that half the wealth of these great
agricultural States has vanished, and that
one-thirteenth of the entire population
has already tied from a region so blessed
by nature and so cursed by man?
Thus far we have condensed the start
ling exhibit made by the correspondent of
the Tribune. We have not time to fol
low him through the array of figures
which he presents showing a loss cf popu
lation, etc. He perceived the effect, bur
seems to be blind to the cause. He is
startled at the decay of these great com
monwealths, but he is puzzled to know
what lias occasioned it, and he casts
about in a sort of a maze to discover the
solution. It is written in every figure he
Pas adduced, e.e.j aeduution tnat he has
made. It is bad government. It is the
effect of ho kuavish rule of the car-
and the scalawag. It is the
effect of a movement on the part of
tho Federal Government to bring about
negro supremacy iu the South. It is the
result of the President's policy of keeping
adventurers in office agambt the wishes of
the people. It is the offspring of the per
secution and proscription instituted by the
Federal judiciary at the South. In one
word, it is the effect of Radicalism. Geor
gia and some of the other Southern States
are just beginning to recover from the
debilitating effects of carpet-bag rule, but
such States as Florida, South Carolina aud
Louisiana are still languishing under the
rotten dispensation. They are already
bankrupt, aud only a few more years are
necessary to drive the people to States
wherein they may eDjoy life and liberty
under a more beuigu aud prosperous re
gime.— Savannah jVeics.
ALABAMA XEKS.
The Montgomery Advertiser of the 12th
instant says: “State warrants were being
offered on the streets yesterday for SO
cents on the dollar.”
The grand jury of Lee county, Ala., re
turned into court 62 indictments, and
were discharged on Friday last. The Lo
comotive learns that a large majority of
the indictments were for misdemeanor.
The grand jury also recommended to
the Commissioners' Court of Lee county
that no railroad tax be levied on property,
real or personal, until the constitution
ality of the question be determined by
the Supreme Court of Alabama, before
which body this case will shortly be ar
gued.
Gen. Law r organized a Grange at Pine
Grove on Saturday, with Dr. B. W Fin
ney as Master.
The Selma cotton men are calculating
on from 75,000 to 95,000 bales for the
year commencing the Ist of September
next. The receipts for the season about
to close have been 48,000 bales.
A special from Tnskegee, 13th, to the
Montgomery Advertiser, states that the
examining court discharged B. W. Wal
ker, charged with killing W. G. Clark.
A letter from Bellevue, Ala., Aug. 11th,
to the Selma Times, announces the ap
pearance of the "dreaded third crop of
wo. ms” in that locality, and says that
“all cotton to which no has been
applied is being rapidly destroyed, and
by Saturday night will not boast of a
leaf.” This is bad news.
TALK TO THE FARMERS.
I _ ,
. SPEECH OF BENJAMIN 11. HILL
! At the Fair at Jonesboro, on Ahe Bth
«lay of August, 1873.
[nni'OETED BS G. X. XIGNEE.]
From the Atlanta Constitution, 16th.
Ladies and Gentlemen —As I came upon
1 the ground to-day I was reminded of the
fact that I made a speech in this place
just eighteen years ago. That was one of
the first speeches of the first political
campaigns of my life. What sad
changes have occurred since then!
How many were piesent then who are
absent now! How many of you who
were rich then are poor now! A terrible
war grew out of the issue then discussed,
aud one of its saddest battles was fought
and last on this very spot.
I came here then purposely to make a
speech. I came to-day only to hear one
from our excellent Governor. But you in
sist upon hearing from me, and I will
give yon a few thoughts on your agricul
tural condition aud prospects. And I
shall speak now as I spoke then—pre
cisely what I believe to be true, and with
out any flattery, or pandering to please
you. For this style of public writing and
speaking I have been pronounced by some
to be wanting in good judge-MENT.
(Laughter.) Be it so. It is a habit I
shall never change or abandon. I say of a
truth to you, to-day, I would not surren
der the privilege of thinking independ
ently and speaking plainly my honest con
victions for ail the offices in the gift of
the people.
A people who will not see their danger
are not apt to provide for their safety;
and a people who prefer flattery to truth
will not be apt to see their danger. They
will pass on, like the fool, and be pun
ished. We have certainly been heavily
punished, and the days of our sorrow, I
fear, are not yet numbered. I was raised
on a farm. Agriculture has been a pas
sion with me. I have followed it to my
cost. I know more about it than you
imagine, and I have paid more for my
information than, perhaps, any other man
j in this State.
J All wealth comes primarily from the
ground. This is God’s decree. Science,
skill and art may improve, refine and add
to the value of that which is produced
from the earth, but the producer is the
j origin—the primary source—of all the
] wealth of this world, and no man could
live, much less grow rich, but for the
1 farmer.
| And yet, as a class, the agricultural
population is the poorest in all countries.
Wealth (money) accumulates in the hands
of all trades more largely than in those
of the producer. Is it not strange that
those who produce all wealth should be
the poorest of all people ? We saw in the
papers but a few days ago that a mer
chant in New York who commenced trade
a poor boy made an inventory of his pos
sessions, and found himself worth one
hundred millions of dollars! Think of
| that! One man worth half as much as
| the entire State of Georgia, with all her
lands, cities, towns, factories, railroads,
securities, and all property of every kind !
And yet that man never, perhaps, pro
duced ten dollars of his vast wealth from
j the ground. He made it by trade. He
j managed to draw to himself the wealth
produced by others, and, I dare say, hon
estly too. There are many others—traders
and manufacturers in that same city—
who count their accumulations by mil
lions. Where are your millionaire pro
ducers ? Who can find one ?
Now, why is all this so ? Why is it
that farmers work hard and keep poor,
and nearly all trades that handle their
products grow rich ? I cannot go to-day
into details, but I will give you the great
general reason: The whole tendency of
legislation in this country is to enrich
and build up every other interest at the
expense of the agricultural! And it has
been and is so iu almost, if not alto
gether, every government on the globe.
How does it happen so ? Because the
merchant and the manufacturer take a
direct and personal interest in legislation,
and make it their business to study, to
understand, and to shape and direct the
legislation of the country. The farmer
looks to Providence for rain to produce
his crops, and when the rain comes he is
content; while the trader looks to Con
gress for laws to make his profits, and, in
some form or other, he is sure to get the
laws and reap the profits.
But I will not deal with general princi
ples. I prefer to talk about our condi
tion and prospects. We of the South are
very poor. With individual exceptions
we are all poor. I fear we do not know
how poor we are. I am quite confident
we do not imagine how poor we are going
to be. Asa people the agricultural popu
lation of the South are poorer to-day than
they ever have been, and they are getting
poorer every day! Ah 1 but you are
making good crops this year. Yes, God
has mercifully sent good seasons on our
fertile soils. Everything we have planted
has grown well. Tho cotton fruits splen
didly, too. Well, this is all true. Now,
let me ask you this question : How much
will you make thisyear ? I will answer for
you. A largo majority of the planters of
Georgia will lie poorer on the last day of
December next than they were on the
first day of January last. There will be
individual exceptions. It may be you are
better off in this county than most of our
people in other counties.
I admit, large profits, very large profits,
will be made by some people on this year’s
cotton crop in the South ; but what
I affirm is, that with individual excep
tions, these prefits will not be reape . by
the planters and producers of the cou,on.
Who will get the profits then, you will
ask? I will tell you. Wall street will
get millions of your profits. The manu
facturers in New England will get many
millions. The corn raisers and hog
growers iu the West wiil get other mil
lions. The brokers, and cotton factors,
and commission merchants will get still
another million. Guano men, life insu
rance companies, and many other artful
contrivances will get the remaining mil
lions of your profits, and the great ma
jority of the farmers may go home and be
thankful if they have food and clothing,
and have settled up their bills and pre
served credit enough to go through the per
cent, mil! another year.
I wish I had time to show you how all
the commercial, manufacturing and spec
ulating world have formed their schemes,
shaped the laws and united in harmonies
shrewdness to gather the profits of cot
ton planting iu the South.
I tell you to-day, I care not what sea
sons may come, what large crops you may
raise, still, under existing conditions, you
will ever grow poorer who produce cotton;
and they will ever grow richer who handle
it after it is produced. Without a great
change the Southern States are destined
to become so many plantations practical
ly’ owned by the Northern people, and
the Southern people so many hireling
slaves to work them ! And in this condi
tion you will reap scarcely the wages, and
not half the respect you accorded your
former slaves. And yet the very reverse
of this fate is within your power. Under the
present policy, the next generation of
Southern people will become the poorest,
the most powerless, and the most con
temptible of earth’s inhabitants. While,
under a wise policy, the next generation
of Southern people may become the rich
est, the most powerful, and the most re
spected of living people. Which destiny
will we choose ?
But, you ask, how can this better des
tiny be secured. I will tell you.
First, Make cotton your surplus crop !
In these five words lie the Sampson locks
of your future power. Make your own
fertilizers by resting, cropping, grassing
and manuring your lands. Thus you be
come independent of the guano merchants.
Raise vour own provisions. Thus you
become independent of the provision mer
chants. Your cheapest and safest line of
transportation runs from your own fields
and hog pens to your own barns and meat
houses ! With no debts for your supplies,
you will need no accommodation credits
at two per cent, per month ! Thus you
become independent of brokers, and cot
ton factors, and lien merchants. You
can then sell your own cotton, at your
own time, to vonr own chosen buyers, and
for your own price, and will get your own
money. None of these things can a cot
ton planter do who plants on a credit and
borrows money to buy his provisions.
But you say the Western States can raise
provisions so much cheaper than we can
that we can make more money by making
cotton and buying from them. This is
the teaching of figures and a greater
error was never taught.
Now, I affirm, it is cheaper for you to
raise your own provisions than to have
them brought from the West, and given
to you at the nearest depot free of all cost
and charges ! How is this ? In the first
place, if we raise five millions of bales
of cotton, we will get no more money for
them than we would get for half that
number. Then, out of the same amount
realized, you pay for raising the five mil
lion, just double cost of production!
Half the labor and supplies employed in
raising five million bales of cotton could
be employed in raising suppliej without
reducing the xalue of the cotton crop one
dollar. But half this labor would raise
more than you need for supplies. You
could employ much of it, also, in enrich
ing your lands, and improving your prop
erty in many ways. Then you would come
to the end of the year with your cribs full
of corn, your smoke houses full of meat,
your family full of smiles, yourselves full
of independence, and your pockets full
of money for investment. And how would
you invest it ? In cotton factories on
the waterfalls which God sent all through
your country to run spindles. This would
make you independent of Old England
and New England. Then, also, yon would
mine your own iron and make your own
implements of husbandry, and this would
make you independent of Pennsylvania
foundries and Massachusetts workshops.
In a word, every improvement would be
built up in your own country, and all the
profits of those improvements would go
into your own pockets.
Go on as you are now going, making
cotton your chief crop, and slavery is the
doom of your children aud your childrens’
children forever-’ A people who depend
on Other pfe >ple tor (heir food and cloth
ing, are and inu>! lie slaves.
Make cotton your surplus ciop. and
your wealth, independence and power,
will multiply as surely as the years in
crease.
But you say there is a great obstacle in
the way of raising our supplies. The freed
men will destroy them before they can be
gathered. I admit the full force of this
obstacle. The negro, as a race, prefer to
live by idleness and theft, rather than by
labor/ When the present generation of
negroes—who acquired their disciplinary
habits in slavery—shall pass away, the
troubles alluded (o will increase with
every future generation. This brings us
face to face with a great problem. And I
say here now, if there is not sufficient
statesmanship in this country to devise
laws which shall compel the negro to quit
stealing and go to work, then the best
thing we can do is to pick up our children
and hunt another country. I would give
the negro every right to which he is en
titled under the laws, but he is entitled
under no law to become the destroyer of
his neighbor’s property, nor to keep the
white race of the South in poverty and
bondage.
The fi:\,t thing to be done is to secure
home government for home affairs. This
is our right and our necessity. We must
get control of our own labor and regulate
our own industry. Massachusetts and
New York cannot do these things for ns
wisely or well. With State government
for State affairs every other good will fol
low. Without this every evil is inevitable.
Well, go on and tell how we are to have
this great boon of self-government for
our own affairs. I will. It can only be
obtained by securing a proper interpre
tation of the Constitution of the United
States as now amended, fixing the proper
limits of the Federal and State govern
ments. This is the great, work of the
country, and it must be done in the next
four years; and it must be done at Wash
ington.
Now, my friends, take breath and lis
ten to me, for I want you to comprehend
the biggest idea of the age, and one whieh
holds in its keeping the future of your
selves and your children, for weal or for
woe. What does the 14th amendment
mean? Does it mean that citizenship of
the United States is the primary citizen
ship in this country? or does it mean that
citizenship as it heretofore existed is only
eriendedjto the emancipated race? Does
it mean that a man is a citizen of a State
because he is first a citizen of the United
States? or does it mean he is a citizen of
the United States because he is first a
citizen of someone of the States?
Protection to the citizen is the duty of
the government. That protection must
extend to all civil lights, such as to hold
property, make contracts, sue, give evi
dence, inherit, bequeath, and everything
which pertains to the security and enjoy
ment of life, liberty and property. Now,
the government of which a person is pri
marily a citizen is bound primarily to ex
tend tiiis protection, and must have the
primary jurisdiction to that end. If,
then, the fourteenth amendment has
mode citizenship of the United Statesthe
primary citizenship, then the primary
protection of that citizenship is with the
Federal Government, and the primary ju
risdiction to extend that protection is in
Lhe Federal Government. But if this
primary jurisdiction is in the Federal
Government, then the State governments
can only exercise such jurisdiction sub
ordinate to and under the supervision of
the Federal Government.
In these few brief words I have feebly
presented the question of all questions
for all the people of the United States,
and the one on the solution of which
hangs all possible hope in the future for
the Southern States and people. It will
settle whether you shall be paupers and
slaves, or independent freemen !
And this question will be settled by the
courts and in accord with the interpreta
tion to be given to that amendment by
the debates in Congress. The discussion
is now opening and cannot be delayed or
postponed. Mark you, it will not be set
tled by the number of votes in Congress,
but by the power of the debates in that
body. If the minority in that body shall
have the true interpretation, and shall
be able to present it with proper power
and clearness, the final appeal will be to
the people, and those in power will wait
their verdict,and thus 1876 will determine
whether the States born in 1776 shall live
or die—shall remain States or become
mere provinces. If it be settled that the
States shall remain as States, then each
State can regulate its own affairs; then
you can get control of your labor; then
you can raise your own supplies; then you
will make cotton your surplus crop ; and
then you will grow rich, prosperous, and
powerful. But if it be settled that the
States have become the dependencies of
the General Government, and can legis
late onh subject to the supervision of
that Government, then you can have no
home Government for home affairs ; then
you ill never get control of your labor;
then the Southern States have become on
ly the plantations of the commercial
manufacturing world, and all of us, black
and white, but the hireling slaves for
their cultivation, with the right of idle
ness and theft secured in the colored
race.
Are we of the South ready for the great
contest on these issues? The work of
making the amendments was a work of
force. During its progress Southern in
tellect was excluded from the national
councils because its power was dreaded.
The work of construing the amendments
is and must be a work of argument. The
pressure of the Greeley movement com
pelled our enemies to remove chiefly the
disabilities imposed upon the intellect of
the South, and just at the time for argu
ment c n the meaning of the amendments
to begin the opportunity for the South to
join in the discussion is secure. For the
firs': time since the war ended on the as
sembling of the next Congress the freely
chosen champions of the Southern States
will re-enter the arena for intellectual
wrestle in the halls of Congress. The
world will look anxiously on. They will
expect much from us. They have a right
to expect much. The history of the na
tion is a history of Southern intellectual
triumphs in and out of the national coun
cils. It was our own Henry that waked
the colonies to resist tyranny. It was the
genius of our Jefferson that gave ex
pression to the grievances of our fathers,
and phrased in imperishable sentences
the reasons that justified independence.
It was our own Washington who led our
armies to success, and presided over the
deliberations that resulted in our common
Constitution. Andforseventy years it was
Southern intellect that chiefly made the
laws, and gave their interpretation, and
control ed the administration of the
government. And yet we have more
at stake in the great questions
now to be discussed and receive
interoretation, than had our forefathers
in the days of Henry, and Jefferson, and
Washington, and in all their issues from
their day to 1860. Oh, what an opportu
nity the South now has to save the Con
stitution, recover her own power, and re
buke her enemies who have been so busily
destroying that Constitution while insult
ing and oppressing her people.
An able, thorough and well-conducted
debate in the next Congress on the true
meaning and effect of the constitutional
amendments, and bringing into review
from a national, not sectional standpoint,
the whole theory, philosophy and charac
ter of reconstruction, and between the
chosen champions of the two interpreta
tions, would excite more interest than any
debate which ever occurred in our history;
would be read by all the thinking, intelli
gent world, and would do more to arrest
the ret olution, and restore the constitu
tion, and reunite the sections than all
other agencies combined. And how the
result would give value to the property,
security through all the bounds and hope
once more to all the people of the South
ern States, is actually beyond the power
of language to express.
But. if our champions are unequal to
this occasion, and cower or fail in this
grand battle of ideas for truth and right,
then constitutional self-government will
be at an end, the Southern States will be
but tributaries to Northern power and we
shall pass into contempt as a people. This
is no time, my friends, for silly newspa
per puffs; for vain personal ambitions;
foremptv nominal honors, nor for thought
less- personal seeking. No Senators and
Representatives ever had such weighty
responsibilities as do those who are now
to represent the South in the Congress of
the United States, aud none ever had
such an opportunity to do good and win
glory. And they can have no strength
for the work save in a profound knowl
edge of constitutional law; in a familiar
acquaintance with at least Anglo Saxon
history; in well trained skill in debate:
in analytical power to strip both truth and
falsehood naked to the gaze of men, aud
in thorough devotion to, and fearless de
fense of, the true character of our Union
as a government of consent and not of
force. If they prove equal to the great
task, they will deserve and they will re
ceive that which is richer than crowns
aud more to be desired than diadems—
the glory of a restored Constitutional
Union, and the gratitude of a redeemed
people.
If they prove unequal to the great task,
and have rushed upon duties they are un
able to discharge, they will sink, and de
serve to sink, to unprecedented infamy;
for they will have become the murderers
of the la«t hope of recovery for the South
ern States, and the assassins of all the
future manhood, independence and pros
perity of the Southern people.
In conclusion, 1 will not disguise from
you that I never felt less hope for the
future of the Union and the South than I
have felt during the last twelve mouths.
The Southern States and people especially
were never in as much danger as now.
We have no representative in the execu
tive department of the Federal Govern
ment. We have none—not one—in the
judicial department. We have but a frail
tenure of our State governments. We
have no place to be heard in equal debate
with the champions of our wrongs, with
any hope of vindicating the truth, but in
the two houses of Congress. And yet (I
say it with botli diffidence and deference)
our own public men seem to manifest no
adequate conception of the real character
of the issues before us, and of the magni
tude of the interest involved in their so
lution.
The people of the North have rejected
a manly concession from the South for
reconciliation aud peace. Such corrup
tion in office, and such scrambling, beg
ging and self-newspaper-puffing to get
office, never before so disgraced our his
tory. “Argument will do no good at
Washington” in the shibboleth of intel
lectual imbeciles seeking office without
brains and salaries without service, With
out ability in Congress we will have no
rights out of Congress and no respect
from any people. We cannot live on the
memories of the past. The fact that our
fathers furnished the minds that gave
origin and form and administration to
every department of the Federal govern
ment in the past, will but add degeneracy
to our digrace if we fail under the lead
of incompetent men. We of the South
have had many and bitter enemies, but
we never had and never can have worse
enemies than those thoughtless ones of
our own people, who, in this crisis, push
themselves in the offices without the qual
ifications needed for their duties.
There is no honor now in holding office.
There is all honor in deserving it; and
there is glory, such as brightens the
names of none in human annals in store
for those whose power shall be equal to
the great task of staying the frenzy of
passion and the riot of hate, and of re
storing the general government to its
proper sphere, the States to their proper
rights, and the people of all sections to
consequent, peace and prosperity.
UK Oita IA NEWS.
We believe that we have already an
nounced that the State tax of this year is
4-10 of one per cent. The Comptroller
General has informed tax collectors that
he will insist on a strict compliance with
the laws in their collection of the taxes
and settlement with the State.
Seven convicts from Savannah, for
Grant, Alexander & Co.’s chain gang, ar
rived in Atlanta on Tuesday, and were
sent out to work on the Georgia Western
Railroad, near the Fair Ground. In an
hour thereafter one of them was taken
sick with cholera morbus and soon died.
Another was also sick of the same disease
and in a critical condition. The Herald
says it is believed that they were permit
ted to eat too freely of fruit during their
transit from Savannah, and this caused
their sickness. Both negroes.
The Atlanta Herald says that the new
railroad village, Tuccoo City, is growing
with remarkable rapidity.
Worth county, Ga., claims to be the
best “deer ground in the State.” Hunters
will make a note.
The shipment of a cotton press from
Georgia to San Francisco, is mentioned by
the Macon correspondent of the Atlanta
Constitution. It is another reminder of
the progress of cotton cultivation in Cali
fornia.
Mr. Jenkins, general agent of the Pied
mont and Arlington Life Insurance Com
pany, was stricken with apoplexy at the
top of a flight of stairs in the opera house
in Atlanta, on Wednesday, and tumbled
to the bottom of the stairs, in a condition
alarming to his friends.
The headstones of the graves in the Na
tional Cemetery at Marietta are to be
hewn out of Pickens county marble.
The County Court of Bibb executed the
laws with severity on Tuesday. One
young man was fined one hundred dollars
and costs for carrying concealed weapons,
and in default of payment goes to the
chain gang for eight months. Another,
for riotous and disorderly conduct in the
house of a negro, was sentenced to pay
fifty dollars and cost or go to the chain
gang for six months.
The Early county News bears as much
complaint from rust in cotton in that
comity as from caterpillar. Some of the
planters think the mst will leave nothing
for the caterpillar to destroy.
The Rome Iron Manufacturing Compa
ny are about to commence the manufac
ture of railroad iron. The near aud easy
communication of Rome with iron works
in Alabama and Georgia, furnishing as
fine ore for the purpose as any in the
world, ought to enable the company to
supply the iron for a number of Southern
railroads.
Albany claims to be the best wool mar
ket in the State, and the News quotes the
article 28 and 29 cents. Is this any bet
ter than Columbus prices?
A negro was killed and a house set on
fire by a stroke of lightning on the farm
\ of Dr. Weaver, near Atlanta, on Sunday
night.
Mr. Malcolm Johnson, late Assistant
Secretary of the Georgia State Agricul
tural Society, has been elected Secretary
vice ColoDei Sam Barnett.
Mr. C. E. Jenkins, who fell from a
flight of stairs in Atlanta, two or three
days ago, did not have an apoplectic
stroke, as was at first supposed, and is
recovering. He had a fainting fit from
overwork.
While two negro men were playfully
scuffling in Griffin, on Wednesday, one
of them fell dead. An examining physi
cian found that he died of heart disease.
The Borne Commercial thinks that,
though the wheat crop did not realize ex
pectations, Borne will be compensated in
her business by the large yield of the
cotton and corn crops of that section.
The Telegraph reports the Freedman's
Saving and Trust Company of Macon in a
very prosperous condition. The total de
posits amount to $281,011.
Os caterpillars in Talbot, the Standard
of Wednesday makes this report: Captain
Henry Persons, on his plautation near
Box Springs, has a forty acre field of cot
ton which is being devoured by cater
pillars. They have also commenced their
ravages on the farm of Mr. J. L. Dozier,
of this place.
The Agricultural Society of Washington
county has offereda premium of one hun
dred and fifty dollars to the county dis
trict that makes the finest display at the
fair in October.
The files of the old Savannah Republi
can —reaching back fifty years, we be
lieve—have been sold to the Librarian of
Congress.
The Board of Trustees of the State
University have decided that hereafter
there shall be but one vacation in the ex
ercises of that institution —from com
mencement until the Ist of October, and
no Saturday holidays. No winter vaca
tion except one day at Christmas.
The Macon correspondent of the Atlanta
Constitution has heard it said that the
Macon Factory annually clears $30,000 or
$40,000 upon an invested capital of only
SIOO,OOO But we doubt whether he
heard the truth of the matter. That
seems to be too much of a good thing.
The Hamilton Visitor records the death
of a negro near Johnson’s mill, on Tues
day last, by a piece of timber falling on
him from a wagon.
THE OLD WORI.K. /
1 IK -IT '
lhhixs in a kXT*- anit th kpr us-
SIAXS.
Madrid. August 14_- Further complin
cations have arisen from the interference
of the Prussian frigate in Spanish affairs.
Eight hundred Spanish sailors, who were
sent by the government from Olicante to
Escambrito, to take possession of the iron
clads nnd Alimanes. were refused
possession by Capt. Werner, on the ground
that there was no authority from Berlin
to deliver them up. The sailors were
obliged to remain in a position where
they were menanced and at the mercy of
the insurgents. Thereupon Werner de
clared tho sailors under his protection.
The Intransigents declare the steamer
must leave Escambrito, or they will open
fire upon her without regard to the Prus
sians.
SPANISH XK It'S.
Madrid, August 15. —The Cortes has
approved a bill calling eighty of the regi
ments of reserves into active service
against the Carlists and Republican in
surgents.
It is reported that the crew of the British
steamer Deer Honnd, seized by a Spanish
man-of-war for landing arms, will be tried
on a charge of piracy.
Bayonne, August 17. —Dispatches have
been received at Carlist headquarters in
this city announcing that the town of
Beerger has been captured by the royalists.
Eight hundred Socialists are inarching
on Portugal, in which country they hope
to find sympathy with their movement.
i ni: Spanish ixsuruexts.
A Naval Brush.
Madrid, August 1(5 —Five British, three
Italian and an American man-of-war,
were laying in Escombero Bay on Thurs
day. Three !•'•-urgent vessels arrived out
side Fort Galley and fired on them. A
few shots were tired on them, with appar
ent effect. Cartagena is preparing for a
long struggle. All males above sixteen
years of age have been enrolled. The
streets are almost deserted, and shops
closed. The Insurgents ate issuing pa
per money. It is believed the iron-clads
Allmunia and Vittoria will be held by the
Germans until an organized government
exists to which they can tie returned.
FROM THE CARLIST ILKA !><} CAR
TERS.
London, August I(s.—The Herald’s cor
respondent with the Carlists telegraphs
as follows :
Royat, Headquarters, Senbiar, •
near Pampeluna, August IT.)
We are marching with Generals Eiio
and Donnegaby and 5,000 men towards
Arragan. with a view to raise that prov
ince, and then operate jointly in a move
ment at Caledonia and Navarre. Yester
day we passed within sight of Pampeluna.
No attempt was made to molest us.
Three hours later we took Fort Bergelty
which was abandoned by its garrison.
We found a quantity of cartridges and
other war material. There,as in other forts
captured lately, including lilejonda and
San Estevan, fortifications were raised.
Such of the population ns are known to
be favorable to the Republic are subject
ed to heavy taxations. Operations in
Biscay and Genpuzieo are left in the
hands of Lizaroga. Gen. Velasco com
manded the Republican forces.
TIIK KRKXCII VKIXCK IMPERIAL.
Chislehkrst, August Hi. — At Eugenie’s
reception the Prince Imperial said: “I
thank you in the name of the Empress and
my own, for having joined your prayers
to ours, and for huving borne in mind
the way yon previously travelled a few
months ago. L thank also the faithful
friends who have sent from afar numer
ous testimonials of affection and devotion.
As for myself, being an exile near the
tomb of the Emperor, I meditate upon
the precepts he left for my guidance. I
find for a patrimony the principle of na
tional sovereignty and the flag that conse
crated it. That principle has been ex
pressed by the founder of our dynasty in
words which I shall ever remain faithful
to, namely, all for the people and by the
people.”
MIX IS TEll MO TIE V'S HE A ITH.
New York, August 15.—A London let
ter, of July 31st, says Mr. Motley’s friends
have for some time known that his health
was delicate, and will not be surprised to
learn that he is now confined to his hotel
by a somewhat serious attack. He has
had a slight paralytic stroke. It occurred
as Mr. M. was taking Lady Margaret
Beaumont down to a dinner. His right
arm suddenly fell powerless by his side,
and his side itself was also somewhat af
fected. He was carried to his hotel in
Dover street, and has not since left his
room. The physicians agree in regard
to the paralysis that it is by no means se
rious nor likely to trouble him for any
long time. On inquiry yesterday it was
ascertained that he had been going on
favorably with the exception of a consid
erable neuralgic pain.
AMERICAX A DDRESS TO KIXCi
WILLIAM.
Gostern, August 1(5. —Emperor Wil
liam, of Germany, who is now sojourning
here, gave audience yesterday to Rev. Dr.
Philip Schaff, an eminent divine of this
country, who was the bearer of cordial
greetings to His Majesty from the New
York General Conference of the Metho
dist Episcopal Church. In his remarks in
reply, the Emperor dwelt upon the neces
sity of Christians harmoniously working
together, in order the better to combat
infidelity and superstition.
A FRENCH MONARCHY TO HE PRO
j CLAIMED.
New York, August 15. —The World's
special from London, 14tli, states upon
the highest authority that Count De
Cbambord has announced hit: resolution
to accept a Constitution for France pre
pared by the members of the Right of the
Assembly and himself, and will rule both
by the will of God and good will of the
people. The proclamation of the Monar
chy will be made in about six weeks.
ENGLISH NEWS.
London, August 15.—M. Rouher and a
number of other prominent French Im
perialists are at Chislehurst, celebrating
a fete.
Intelligence has reached here that a
treaty of peace between Paraguay, Brazil,
and the Agentme Republic has been
signed.
POPE PIUS IX.
Rome, August 13.—Cardinal Antonelli
has addressed a communication to the
clergy of the United States, stating that
the Pope is deeply affected at the mani
festations of sympathy received from his
children in that distant land.
An intelligent gentleman who has lived
in the southern part of Texas informs the
Shreveport Times that “he has seen the
practice of building fires at night in and
around cotton fields, for the destruction
of the miller, pnt into successful opera
tion there.” The Times says “it will not
do to argue that the millers are in too
great numbers to be destroyed. They are
greatly disproportioned to the number of
worms, for it has been estimated that one
miller will will produce three hundred or
more. Any planter going through his
cotton will be amazed that comparatively
so few insects should generate such vast
quantities of the caterpillar. These facts
considered, the plan is certainly worth a
trial.”
The Cincinnati Enquirer says of the
prospect in Ohio : “We have no hesita
tion whatever in predicting the success of
the ticket. The Democratic party has
been knit together by the recent attempts
to assassinate it. It is marching under
its old leaders, and it is proposed to give
battle after the old style. The Third
Party movement will dwindle into insig
nificance. It has no vitality. It was an
abortion, and no effort upon the part of
those who are responsible for the attempt
to bring it into existence can impart re
spectability or life to it. It will draw off
a few votes from both the great parties,
but its presence will be little known.
The rejuvenated Democratic party will j
grapple its old enemy, and will conquer.”
For loss of Appetite, Dyspepsia, Indi
gestion, Depression of Spirits aud Gener
al Debility, in their various forms, Ferro-
Phoßpocated Elixir of Callsya made by
Caswell, Hazard & Cos., New York, and
sold by all druggists, is the best tonic.
Asa stimulant tonic for patients recov
ering from fever or other sickness, it has
no equal. If taken during the season it
prevents fever and ague and other inter
mittent fevers.
THE COTTON CROP.
AURIC l T.TURA L B l REA l RE POR T
Promising ’Prospect.
4 Washington, August 15.—The returns
oT the Agricultural Department for Au
gust indicate a general and somewhat
marked improvement in the condition
and promise of cotton 91'ups *»mce Ist of
July. The relative Condition reported at
the periods is .as follows: North Caro
lina, July Ist, number of counties report
ing 43; average condition 01; August Ist,
number of counties reporting 41; average
condition 05. South Carolina, July Ist,
number of counties reporting 1(5; average
condition 82; August Ist, number of
counties reporting, 1.5; average condition
S7, Georgia, July Ist, number of coun
ties reporting 58; average condition
94; August Ist, number of counties
reporting, 55; average condition 95.
Florida. July Ist, number of counties
reporting i0; average condition 98; Au
gust Ist, number of counties£reporting,
15; average condition 103. Alabama,
July Ist, number of counties reporting,
3(5; average condition 85; August Ist,
number of counties reporting, 31; aver
age condition 91. Mississippi, July Ist,
number of eounties reporting, 31; average
condition, 83; August Ist, number of
counties repdriiug, 30; average condition,
88. Louisiana, July Ist, number of coun
ties reporting, 19; average_condilion, 80;
August Ist, number of counties reporting,
19; average condition, Mti. Texas, July
Ist, number of counties reporting, 55;
average Condition, 78: August Ist. num
ber of counties reporting, 40; average
condition. 83. Arkansas, July Ist, num
ber of counties reporting, 29; average 00%
dition, 96; August Ist, number of conn
ties reporting, 25;]average condition, 95.
Tennessee, July Ist, number of counties
reporting, 24; average condition, 90: Au
gust Ist, number of counties 'reporting,
29; average condition, 94.
The average condition for all the coun
ties reporting in these: States was. July
Ist, 855; August Ist, 918. These figures
are corroborated by the explanatory notes
of correspondents, which, with few ex
ceptions, are much more hopsful in their
tone than they were a month previous, j
The'chief drawback is the apprehension
of insect ravages. In North Carolina lice j
in four counties. In Chowan, old far- ;
mers say they never saw cotton lice so
numerous before. In Camden the cotton j
lice in many instances has almost ruined
the crop. In Penguins The cotton is al
most covered with lice. The caterpillar
is reported as having appeared.m greater
or less numbers in nine counties in Flori- j
da aud five in Georgia; also in Jackson
county a now enemy to the cotton, a
borer, which bores into the form and
causes it to drop. The caterpillar worm,
army worm, boll worm or web worm is
reported in fifteen counties in Alabama;
iu nine in Mississippi; in twelve in Texas, >
Paris green and other destructive agents ;
are being experimented with. In some ;
instances, it is claimed, very sitoessfnlly. I
The caterpillar at the date of reporting,
had done vastly more at threatening than
at execution, the cases being few in which
they had as vet inflicted‘.serious injury.
Whatever they will do or not depends j
upon condition of the weather and other j
exigences which no reporter can now fore
tell. The crop on the wholeis still some- j
what backward, though in many local
ities, rapid growth in July has brought it
forward to average advaneemet for the ■
season.
THE WA II ASSET l M ESTIUATIOX j
Washington, August 15.- —The investi- j
gation shows that the lire was from a J
cause unknown, and raged amidship.
Only one life was lost from the five, and
she jumped overboard. The bow was in
shallow water, the stern in deep water. |
The evidence indicates every officer was j
at his post. The death list has reached
83. _
THE MIXED COMMISSION.
New York, August 14.—0f the four j
hundred aud ninety-seven cases presented |
for arbitration before the Mixed Cornmis- \
sion, sitting at Newport, only eighty- j
seven remain unsettled, and the cornmis- j
sioners hope to finish these within the j
stipulated time. The greatest part of the |
work and expense too is in the printing,
on which work two printing offices in
Newport, one in Boston, one in New York
and two in Washington, devote all their
spare time, the bulk of the printing being
done in the last named city, divided be
tween American and English houses. In
one case not yet finished six thousand
printed pages have been furnished, and
briefs have not yet been put into type.
The expenses of the commission are ad
vanced by the United States Government,
the share of the British Government being
determined quarterly and returned. The
amount awarded upon claims will be
taxed five per cent, for expenses. When
the cases are all decided the gross sum
which is to be paid will be stated, the du
plicate journals and accounts be delivered
to the two Governments and the labors
of the commission finished.
ARRIVAL OF MENNONITES.
I New York, August 1G. — Among the
arrivals by the steamship Harmonia on
yesterday were 19 families, which num
ber 100 persons in all, of the religious
sect known as Mennonites. The Russian
government granted this class of people
ten years in which to leave the country or
naturalize themselves and remain. They
state that notwithstanding leave was
granted them to emigrate, leave to de
part from that country was obtained only
after repeated applications to the provin
cial government, to the Governor General,
and finally to the Minister at St. Peters
burg.
They start to-day to join a delegation
representing forty thousand Mennonites
near the Black Sea, that has been in this
country for some time, searching out suit
able homes throughout various Western
States. A colony of five thousand will
probably come out in May, although no
place for settling has yet been fully de
cided upon.
MODOC JACK.
New York, Aug. 12. —A Washington
special says that the proceedings of the
court martial in the case of Capt. Jack
j and other Modoes were received at the
I War Department to-day. It is believed
I the court found them all guilty and sen
! tenced them to be hanged.
‘- TO DEFINE THE STA TI TE.”
New I’okk, August 14.—Platt & Boyd,
1 glass importers, claim that the suit against
them for $1,000,000 is to decide the in- !
; terpretation of the statute. They deny
| any intention to defraud the Government.
DOWN OX BUTLER.
New York, August Iff.—Congressman
Geo. F. Hazen, of Massachusetts, has
\ written a denunciatory reply to General
Butler's letter defending the back pay act
I and assailing the press; explaining why
' he did not himself take the pay ; charging
• Butler with quarrelling with everybody,
\ and applying a great many hard epithets
to him.
A XEURO RASCAL.
New York, August 16 It is reported
that the negro Byars, who was arrested
011 suspicion of murdering Delia Corco
ran at Excelsior Grove, on the Hudson,
has made confession of the crime. He j
first outraged her. and then, through fear
of discovery, murdered her. He denies
having any accomplice.
SMOTHERED IX A BEER TANK.
New York, August 1(5. John Fritz, em
ployed in Bergner & Engel’s lager beer
brewery, was overpowered by foul air while
cleaning out the tank, and died before he
could be rescued.
ANOTHER DEFAULTER UOXE.
New York, August 16. —Marom T.
Rodman, late secretary of the Brook
lyn Trust Company, has disappeared.
Sick Wheat. — A correspondent of the
Clarksville (Tenu.) Tobacco Leaf , writing
Aug. 8, says : The Carbanville mill has
ground several lots of sick wheat this sea
son, the flour of which makes a person
deathly sick to eat it. The sickness is
described as being something like that
caused by tobacco. This is said to be the
first sick wheat that has been heard of in
this country for a long time. Some of
the grains have red ends, yet seem to be
perfectly sound. The wheat is sickly;
can yon account for it ?
Hardy Jones was hanged at Newbern, N.
C., Friday for the murder of Robt. Mil
ler, a constable, on Feb. 1, 1872, while
Miller, with two others, were conveying
Jones to prison on a charge of larceny.
Jones was over eighty years of age.
FRo.ll VARIOUS POlN'ls,
CHEROKEE NAT TON ELECTIox
St. Louis, August 14.—Mr. A. Cull, of
Yiuita, Indian Territory, arrived here i rth t
night. He report’s that the returns of tm
late election in Cherokee nation are i lut
yet all in, but that both the Downing aioi
Ross parties are sanguine of siieees„° g,,
far as the Local Council and Senate are
concerned, the Ross party, however are
disposed to admit that the Downing jiartv
have elected a majority to the Grand
Council at Ookmuigee. The Downing par.
ty, which is composed of half breeds, fa
vor sectioning of lauds in general'and
opening of territory to settlement, while
the Ross party, who are full bloods, stren
uously oppose this scheme and favor hold
ing of lands aud property in common.
AXTI-MOXOPOL r IX CALIFORNIA.
San Francisco, August 13. — Governor
Booth, at a meeting held under the aus
pices of the people's union, said the ten
dency to concentration under a single
head, is so manifest, that all can see it.
The speaker held that when the govern
ment builds railroads it should control
them for the public good, and when de
frauded of its securities it should take
possession of the roads. Referring 1,,
the Central Pacific Railroad Company, ho
said that throughout this State its iron
, finger was on every pulse of industry, and
on every throat its iron baud was tighten
iug or relaxing its grasp, as caprice, ~1
its iron will dictated.
-V EURO HUXU.
J Alexandria, Va., August 15.—William
| Jackson, convicted of the murder of his
i wife, on February Btli, after having been
twice respited, to-day suffered the extreme
j penalty of the law, in the jail yard. Not
withstanding the rain, there was a large
crowd, and the house windows in the
neighborhood were filled with spectators.
: Jackson made a speech fifteen or twenty
i minutes, denying guilt hut not asserting
! innocence. The fall of seven feet failed
| to break his neck, and he died of suffoca
| tion after several struggles. He was at
-1 tended on the scaffold by three colored
ministers. The body hung 20 minutes
: before life was extinct.
IXS FRANCE M l TIERS.
Boston, August 15. It is reported the
! Underwriters will soon increase largely
rates of insurance throughout this city,
j because of the hesitancy of the city
I authorities in increasing llie efficiency of
| the tire department. Four of the largest
| English insurance companies, it is nnder
! stood, have received orders from home
offices to suspend taking Boston risks fin
one month. in order to see what action
: will he taken m regard to (be suEject •>!
; strengthening (he fire department
AX INDIAN WAR.
Sr. Lotus, August 15.—Advices from
' Pawnee reservation in Nebraska says the
| Pawnees are preparing for war with the
j Sioux, in retaliation for the attack 011 them
j some days ago. It is said they have lilH)
i warriors among themselves, and have in
vited the Ponies to join them, nearly all
' of whom have accepted the invitation, and
i at last accounts the braves of these tribes
! were on their way to the Pawnee reserva
; tion. The Pawnees expect to muster
I 1,600 warriors, and propose to prosecute
| relentless war against the Sioux.
FARMERS’ COM It IS A TION.
Chicago, August I(s.—The farmers of
Champlin county have put their theories
and co-operative plans in practice. Hav
ing obtained license from the State to act
in a corporate capacity, they have clubbed
j together ami have just sent nineteen car
| loads of corn to market on their own ac
count, and by this operation they expect
!to save five hundred dollars. They in
| tend to forward their whole crops in this
way.
I MOB AND HANG IXU IX MISSOURI.
St. Louis, Aug. IC.—Peter Kecher and
I son, arrested in Calloway county for steal
j ing mules. The son escaped ; the father
| was convicted and sentenced to five years.
While on the way to the depot, a mob
fired into the hack, killing the sheriff aud
seriously wounding the Attorney General
and three others. The father was hanged
and a large party are searching for the
son.
CHOI.ERA.
Chicago, August 15.—The Times of
this morning says the fact is one that
need not longer be concealed that cholera
prevails in this city. There have been
42 deaths from that disease.
London, August 15.—Dispatches from
j various places in Germany whore cholera
| prevails, state that the disease is increas
| ing in violence.
CUBA.
Havana, August 14. —The Captain Gen
eral published to-day a telegram front
the Colonial Minister of Spain, counsel
ing citizens to discard all fears as to the
consequences of the projected reform in
Cuba. The Captain General adds, that
he relies upon the army and navy and
volunteers to aid him in re-establishing
confidence, peace and order in the Island.
IOWA POLITICS.
DesMoinks, August 11. —Tho Auti-Mo
nopoly Convention nominated Andrew
Hastie for Governor, and Fred K. O’Don
nell for Lieutenant Governor. Resoln
tions favored a tariff for revenue only.
About a third of the counties of the Slate
were represented.
C l LIEORXIA POL ITU S.
San Francisco, Aug. 14. —The Demo
j eratic Convention has nominated Dr. A
J. Bowie and ex-Mayor Frank McCoppin,
for the State Senate. Both are well known
J and earnest opponents of railroad monop
• oly, and their selection was made upon
| that ground.
GREAT YIELD OF WHEAT.
Minneapolis. August 14. — The yield of
wheat is unprecedented, averaging over
25 bushels per acre.
DEATH OF HON. H-M. MEKEDIIII.
Philadelphia, August 17.—Hon. Wni.
Mereditn died to-day, aged 77. He was
a very prominent lawyer, Secretary of the
Treasury under Taylor, and president of
the present aud last Constitutional Con
ventions of this State.
FIRST BALE IX ST. LOUIS.
St. Louis, August 17.—The first bale
of new cotton here was auctioned at 20
cents.
GRASSHOPPERS IX XEBUASh A.
Omaha, August 17.—Immense clouds
of grasshoppers. They appear to lie go
ing South in detachments.
The South at Vienna.— But while
dwelling upon the South we noted the ad
miration and interest which attended the
imperial examination of the trophy of
cotton which stands at the entrance of
the west gate. Cotton in all forms,
gracefully built up and festooned and
twined into cunning shapes, forms this
trophy—cotton from Mobile. New Or
leans, St. Louis, Lee county, Mississippi:
Linnaeus, Missouri, and Memphis: nota
bly a cotton plant in full bloom,
furnished by a negro of Charleston, who
had been a slave, but who brought hither
this tree as a free man to deck the trophy
which awaits an Emperor. Here also w.
noted silk cocoons and expressions of
moss and hemp and twine and works from
the South adding to the trophy, and show
ing that war, however it may have chan
nelled and furrowed the fair fields of
these noble Southern States, did not
deaden the life that dwelt in their soil nor
the energy and genius of the men who
cultivate their acres. All this profound
ly interested Francis Joseph, who stood
for some time examining the trophy—the
banner, so it seemed, proclaimed the
world that cotton was again king—a king
no less because thase, her tributes and
harvests and tokens of strength, are the
work of freemen and not of slaves. Con
sidering ail things, the South sli.uldbe
proud of her share in this American de
partment. If all States had done as well
as Louisiana and Missouri many American
cheeks would not have blushed, as m
following the Emperor to-day they saw
that America had done and knew how
much more grandly and proudly she could
do.— Cor. JV. T. Herald.
Capt. John Maugham died in Griffin on
Thursday, of his illness heretofore men
tioned. He was about 76 years of age
Many of our old citizens w ill remenibei
him. He died at a good old age. at,er
a useful and busy life.