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The Muscogee Democrat, ’ AND MERCANTILE ADVERTISER. By Andrews 4 c Griswold. Csrrrtsr of Randolph and Broad streets, ( tip-stairs ,) COLUMBUS, (ia. TERMS. THREE DOLLARS par annum— in advance. Two copies for $5, “ “ “ Ten copies for S2O “ “ “ Two dollars for six months. “ (PT All Letters must bo free of postage, except where money is enclosed. Vol. 111. From the Pledge and Standard. WHAT A PAIR OF ANDIRONS COST. BY PETEK PIPER, JR. Peter, said my uncle, knocking the ashes from his pipe and laying it on the corner of the man telpiece, and then fixing his eyes on the andi • roes, Peter, those andirons cost me one thousand dollars. Dear me ! exclaimed my aunt. Oh, Father! cried the girls. Impossible ! said I. True, yes, every word true. One thousand, did I say ? yes —two thousand—full two thousand dollars. Well, well, said my aunt, folding up her knit ting for the night, I should like to know what you are about. My uncle bent forward and planted his hands firmly on his parted knees, and with a deliberate air, which showed that he had no doubt of being able to prove his assertion, he began : Well—you see, a good many years ago, we had a pair of common old iron andirons. Your cousin Lctty said one day, Father, don’t you think those old andirons are getting too shabby ? Shabby or not, I thought they would hold tiie wood up as nicely as if they were gold. So I paid no attention to Letty. 1 was afraid she was growing proud. Soon after that, Peter, contin ued my uncle, turning to me. vour aunt took it U]>— There it goes, interrupted my aunt, you can’t get along without dragging ine in. Your aunt took it up, Peter, and she said our neighbors could afford brass andirons, and were no better off than we were. And she said Let. ty and her sister Jane were just getting old enough to see company, and the stingy looking old andirons might hurt their market. I knew that w omen would have their own way, and there j was no use in objecting, ami so I got the andi rons. The price of them was four dollars and a j half— Ah ! that is more like it, cried my aunt. I thought you said two thousand ! Four dollars and a half. Well, the first night after we got them as we all sat by the warm ; fire, talking over the matter, Letty called my at tention to the hearth, the stones of which were cracked ami uneven. The hearth was entirely out of keeping with new andirons and 1 thought I might as well have it replaced first as last. The next day, a mason was sent for to examine it. He came in my absence, and when I re- 5 turned home, your aunt and cousins all beset me at once, to have a marble slab. The mason j had convinced them the hearth would not look decent without a marble slab, and they put their heads together— La me ! exclaimed my aunt, there was no put ting any of our heads together about it. The hearth was a real worn out old thing not fit for a pig pen. The put their heads together, Peter, as I was saying, and continued till I got a marble hearth, which cost me twenty dollars at least. Then I thought I was done with expenses but I thought wrong. Pretty soon, I began to hear sly hints thrown out about the brick work round the fire place not corresponding with the hearth. I stood out for a month or two against your aunt and the girls, but they at length got the better of me, and I was forced to have marble instead of brick. And then the old wooden mantelpiece was so out of character that it was necessary to have a marble one. The cost of all th.s, w r as nearly one hundred dollars. And now that the spirit of improvement had got a start, there was no stopping place. The new marble mantel put to j shame the old white-washed walls, and they 1 must be papered. The wood work had to be painted, of course, and to prepare it for paint, . sundry repairs were necessary. While this was going on, your aunt and the girls appeared to be ! quite satisfied, and when it was done, they had no idea the old parlor could be made to look so spruce. But there was only a short respite, j The old rag carpet began to raise a great dust, and I found tltfff would be no peace— Now my dear ! said the old lady, with a pleas-; ant smile, accompanied with a partial rotation of the head— Now Father ! exclaimed the girls. Till I got anew carpet. So the new carpet was got. That again shamed the old furniture and it had to be turned out, and replaced with new. Now Peter, count up, my lad—twenty dollars for the hearth, and one hundred for the mantel, and thirty for repairs. What does that make ? One hundred and fifty, uncle. Well, fifty for paper and paint— Two hundred. Then fifty for a carpet, and one huncred and fifty for furniture— Three hundred and fifty. There’s that clock, too, and the blinds—fifty more— Four hundred dollars exactly. My aunt and cousins winked at each other, and looked steadily in my uncle’s face, as if to say ‘ you have not made out your case after all.’ Now, continued my uncle, so much for this one room. No sooner was the room finished, than complaints came from all quarters about the dining room and entry. Long before this I had surrendered at discretion, and handed in my submission. The dining room cost us two hun dred dollars, and the entry two more. What is that, Peter ? Eight hundred, uncle. Then there was the chambers—at least four hundred more, to make them rhyme with those down stairs. Twelve hundred. The outside of the house then had to he re paired and painted of course. Add two hundred for that. Fourteen hundred. Then a piazza in front. That cost two hun dead. Sixteen hundred. Here, aunt began to yawn, Letty to poke tho \ MUSCOGEE DEMOCRAT, fire, and Jane to twirl over the leaves of a book. Anew carriage came next. That cost two hundred dollars. • Then there was a lawn to be laid out, and neatly fenced—a servant to be hired—parties to be given occasionally—bonnets and dresses at ! double the former cost, and a hundred other little expenses in keeping with the new order of things. And all this grew out of those very and irons. Y’es, Peter, I was entirely within bounds whm l said it was two thousand dollars. The opposition was silenced. My aunt im mediately rose and guessed it was bed time. I was left alone with my uncle, who was not in | dined to drop the subject. He was a persever : ing man, and never gave up what he undertook till he had done the work thoroughly. So lie brought out his books and accounts, and set ! about making an exact estimate of expenses, i He kept me up till after midnight before he got : through. His conclusion was that the pair of : andirons had cost him twenty-four hundred and fifty dollars. Warm-hearted responses to warm-heart ed donations. —The Irish papers received here by the last steamer, contain numerous and earnest expressions of gratitude to this country for the active manifestations of simputhy to words unhappy Ireland, which it may gratify some of our readers to see. The Dublin Free ; man's Journal of April 3d thus breaks out into j expressions of thnnkiullness : “In America there is no overflowing of lip j charity, and lack ofthat which is real—no liu- j inanity mongering, no plentitude off sympathetic j words, and poverty of sympathetic action—no j wallowing in proscriptive slander—no recourse | to billingsgate abuse of Ireland and the Irish, after the fashion of many parties in England— ! no churlish, mean, money lending, politico economic spirit to guide and to disgrace its pro- ; gress. No! the conduct of America stands in bright and glorious condition. In the day of our desolation we have found them the readiest hands—aye ! and the most bountiest—stretched to our aid, from the mouth of the St. Laurence to the month of the Mississippi, without the flourish of the pharisee, or the cold-blooded, calculation of tire legist. Honor, then, to America. In it the cause oft humanity needs no spur from shame, hypocrisy j or “state policy.” In lior bosom we knew that! our exiles found a refuge where they were safe \ from exterminating landlords and class legisla-! tion—where the motto for all was “live and let live !” and not—“live ye, the many—or die— | for the few—the unpriviledged.” But never, j much as our hearts yeaned towards America as j the asylum of our castout thousands, never, we j say, great as was our experience of the generos-1 ity with which our countrymen were received on its shores, were we prepared for the suspri sing acts of humanity and benevolence towards this stricken nation, which mail after mail ena bles us to record, and to bless. We write with hearts of overflowing grati tude and love—gratitude and love not springing } so much from the sense of benefits received, as j from a respect for the manner in which they have been rendered. In the efforts that are made by America to succor and save us, wc view the promises of that sure and Christian friendship which ought to keep pace with the progress of civilization: but which pseudo statesman never cultivate between nations, un less for ail occasion—as if the interests of man kind were nor indentified with amity.’ ‘l’lie Dublin Nation of April 3, says : “While English statesmen are devising daily plans for the increase and protection of pauper ism in this long royal and long suffering prov ince of Ireland, American statesmen, regarding this country as, even in its wreck, worth being saved, are accumulating their voluntary tributes for the relief of our necessities. While the chief journals of the English capital are daily teeming with invectives against our people, high and low American journal, from Houston ! down to Eastport, arc reviving reminiscences of Irish merit, in order to hasten the kindly inter ference of their country in behalf of ours.— W hile tho popular divines v of England can see in pestilence and famine only judgements from an angered Deity, smiting Ireland on both cheeks for her idolatry, the favorite preacher of America perceived but an opportunity for the exercise of active charity. “This nation’s position resembles that of a j man in the gospel who went down from Jcrusa- i lem to Jericho. America is our Samaritan.— YVhen our wounds are bound up, and we are able to go our destined way, we will know to whom our gratitude is due. “A certain Lev ite” shall also be remembered. “ Out of this famine will come many results one of the greatest of which may lie, if we de sire it, the establishment of “cordial understan ding” between us and the United States of America. America needs friends in Europe, and our relations have always been of a friend ly kind ; hut from this year forth no Irishman will willingly pull a trigger against her.” Mammoth Wire Rope. —A correspondent of the Atmospheric Railway Gazette in a com munication to the editor, remarks : “As your valuable journal is one of the great est mediums of the industrial arts, 1 beg to com municate an extraordinary production of the art of rope making. Thursday, on passing the cel ebratod Galvanized Iron and Wire Rope Works of Mr. Andrew Smith, Millwall, Poplar, I wit nessed the shipment of a wire rope, which the manager of the works informed me was no less than 3,G00 yards long, 3 inches circumference, and weighed 7 tons, 15 cwt. and ordered lor an inclined plane in Lancashire,betwocn Blackburn and Bolton. This, is no doubt, the largest wire AND MERCANTILE ADVERTISER. u AS LITTLE GOVERNMENT AS POSSIBLE J THAT LITTLE EMANATING FRffll AND CONTROLLED BY TIIE PEOPLE, AND UNIFORM IN ITS APPLICATION TO ALL.” COLUMBUS, Georgia*.Thursday Evening, May 27, SS47. rope ever yet made ; and I was informed, than it it was only commenced last Monday, that the wire was in bars of iron not more that ten days before. What will Russia say to this?” PHILOSOPHY OF LAW. Law—is like lire, and those who meddle with it may chance to “burn their fingers.>L Law—is like a pocket with a hole in it; and those who therein lisk their money, arc very like to lose “it. Law—is like a lancet, dangerous in the hands of the ignorant: doubtful, even in the hands of an adept. Law—is like a sieve, you may see through it; will be considerable reduced, before you can get through it. Law—is like prussic acid ; a dangerous rem edy, and the smallest dose of it is generally suf ficient. Law—is like justice, even as a copper gilt is like gold, and the comparative worth of the two is about tiie same. Law—is like an eel-trap, very easy to get in to, but very difficult to get out of. Law—is like a razor, which requires a “strong back,” keenness, and an excellent tern- P p r. Law—is like a window of stained glass, giv j ing its own peculiar tint and hue, to the bright rays of truth, which shine through it. Letter from Father Matthew.— The Rev. Theobald Matthew, in a letter published I *n the Albany Journal, expresses his resolu tions to visit the United States next summer, j He says, “The magnificent humanity evinced j by our beloved brethren in the States, for the j suffering Irish, has inspired every heart in the island with ardent gratitude. We shall ever regard America as our deliverer in the hour of bitter calamity.” A governess, advertising for a situation says, “she is perfect mistress of her own tongue, Mirtes , From the N. O. Della, 18th May. IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO. ADVANCE OF CUN. SCOTT ON THE CAPITAL. By the arrival at an early bom- due mowing of the fine steamer Fashion, Capt. Ivy, 41 days from Vera Cruz via Tampico, we are in receipt i of late and interesting intelligence from Mexico. We have no time for comment. We return our | thanks to the officers of the Fashion for the | prompt delivery of our correspondence. [Correspondence of the Daily Delta.] Jalapa, Mexico, May 3d, 1847. Eds. Della : This morning a train will leave here for Vera Cruz, and it will doubtless be the last one that will go down for some time. The recent attack on Bell’s train of wagons, will show that the guerrilla system has been commenced ! and the heavy force of four or five hundred men, who are ordered to escort the train down, argues pretty conclusively that our folks fear to trust them now with the usual escort. It may not be so much this as the fact that on the return of the train more than half a million of specie will be sent up. In Gen. Scott’s orders of advance, (a copy of which I send you,) you will find that the long cherished principle of mine—to live oft” the ene my—is about to be realized. On Tuesday, Gen. Quitman’s brigade will leave here ; on Wednesday, Col. Campbell’s, (late Pillow’s); on Thursday, Col. Riley’s; and on Friday, Gen. Smith’s and the last. These commands, moving within 24 hours of each oth er, will so continue until they reach Puebla, at which place they will doubtless rest a day or two before entering the city of Mexico. The enemy have evacuated Puebla. Not a soldier is to be tbund on this side of that place, and very few between there and Mexico. Bravo left Puebla and marched to the city with its gar rison ; and Canalizo was also moving in with a few disaffected troops. If the clergy and wealthy men of Mexico have anything to say, they will not suffer the city to be attacked. Santa Anna is still in the mountains, and afraid to go home. He has about 3000 men with him, and M ill either go to M'ork upon the trains, or else try and make his way to the capi tal—in this latter he will probably be opposed by several prominent men, and one mail here ar gues that the first fight “to come oft ” will be be tween Santa Anna and his own people. In advancing into the interior, Gen. Scott be lieves that he can subsist his army mostly from | the enemy. He is led to this opinion by men of i intelligence, whom lie has employed to travel j over tiie country. In six weeks or two months the new crop will be in, and there will be no j scarcity, if economy is used, of either forage, breadstufls, or meat. He has prudently with held all intimation of this to the natives, fearing they would hide or destroy their productions ; but informing you of this, at the distance you arc from the seat of war, it is of no consequence, as j wc will likely be in Mexico ere your paper con taining it will reach the country. The Mexicans are becoming quite troublesome about Jalapa, as well as on the road. A party of them showed themselves on the mountain a few days ago, near to our volunteer camp, made a charge down the mountain side, killed one man and wounded several others. Dr. Kingsbury started for Y’era Cruz on Thurs day, with four pack-nmlcs and several Mexicans, and when he reached Encerro he was bound by his men, robbed, and cut severely in twenty pla ces. The wrethes were more disposed to tor ture than to kill him. One of his feet was cut under the bottom to the bone, and when ho was found—yesterday—tho worms wore at work. Col. Ilaskell, (2d Tennessee,) as you will also seo by tho orders, is left to garrison the town, in connection with other command."- 10 o'clock, A. M. —The difficulty with the train on the road lias rather changed the order of things. I have just heard that Gen. Twiggs will not leave here for ten days. In the mean time Gen. Scott and staff will go up to Perote, and additional defences will be bestowed on the Castle, uncer the immediate eye of the Com mander-in-Chief. Y'cstcrday evening and last night it rained in torrents, and our poor tentless volunteers were forced to stand and take it. I would not be sur prised if the rains had set in. Yours, Chaparral. Jalapa, May 6, 1847 — 4 p. jr. I have written you tM r o short letters to-day, but as a particular friend of mine is on the point of leaving, I will set you down the substance of the two. Last night, a man M’ho had been sent from this army on a secret mission returned, having left the city of Mexico on the 2d. lie reports 2000 soldiers in the city of Mexico, and none this side, save a company of Lancers, who have been detailed to keep the barracks in Puebla neat and clean until our troops arrive there. This man of ours was imprisoned four days in the city; but returned here M’ith a passport from the Minister of YVar. lie says there will be no J fighting at or this side of Mexico. Four regiments of twelve months’ volunteers ! started to-day for New Orleans ; three others will follow suit to-morrow. The command of Gen. Quitman will leave here in the direction of Puebla to-morrow. He will leave a regiment of New Yorkers at Perote, in the Castle, and joining with Gen. Worth, proceed on to Puebla, to which point, in ten or twelve days, Gen. Scott will repair with his head quarters ; and then the road is not long to those Halls wc have heard so much of. Santa Anna’s whereabouts is still unknown to us, and it is reported to be the same to the folks about Puebla. Chaparral. Vera Glitz, May Bth, Ga. m., 1817. Eds. Della : I have just come in from Jalapa, (which place 1 left at 1, P. M., on the 7th) and find the Fashion with steam up, ready to leave for New Orleans, so I must be brief in what I have to say. Yesterday morning Gen. Quitman left Jalapa with all the volunteers, excepting the Ist Penn sylvanians, for Puebla. Gen. Scott will leave I on Tuesday for the same place, and after his ar- j rlfal, if not otherwise ordered, lie will march in-1 -to Mexico. This “marching into Mexico” you may think strange language, but one of our own men came from that place on the 2d inst., and lie says “ we M-on’t do nothing else.” Gen. Anaya is now the Acting President oft Mexico. One of the followers of the army, Gallagher, started from Jalapa, for this place, about seven days ago, and when he reached Paso de Avaja, Mas surrounded by a company of Lancers and taken prisoner. He was escorted to Orizaba, M'here Santa Anna Mas. Gallagher speaks Spanish well, and by some means got off. He says that Santa Anna has about 4000 men with him, and that the number M'as daily increasing. Santa Anna says openly that he intends to op pose thq-j,dvunce of our troops upon Puebla, but it is welTknown that his object is to prey upon our rear, lie is aware that a train will leave here to-day, taking nearly a million dollars to Jalapa, and lie is determined to make ail effort to capture it. For this purpose, he has men sta tioned upon every height overlooking the road to give notice of its approach. But he will have warn work if he gets this train. In addition to the strong guard that accompanied it down, 1 passed yesterday on the road near Encerro, the 3d, 7th and 2d Infantry, with mounted howitzers, all under the command of Col. Rriley. They will reach Puenta Nacional to-night, and to morrow night will be at San Juan del Rio, where they Mill likely meet the train. Besides this, I Gen. Scott has so arranged the marching of the ! discharged volunteers, that one regiment will en-1 camp at the same place M’ith the train every j night. Gen. Patterson will be in here in the course i of tM’o hours, on bis way home, and all the 12- months volunteers will be in during the next four days. An Illinoisian Mas shot from the road-side yesterday, and his leg broken. Chaparral. Vera Cruz, May 8, 1847. Eds. Della: The steamer Fashion arrived here on the 7th, making a very qnick passage from the Crescent city. We had a very pleas ant trip and fine accommodations. The boat is well arranged for the service she is in, and Capt. Ivy, her commander, is just the man to command her, and no person knows better than him how to make every body on board comfort able, and render a voyage at sea as agreeable as circumstances M ill admit. We touched at the Brazos and Tampico, and landed the horses we had on board in fine order and good condition at the former place. The citizens at Tampico are very apprehen sive of an attack on that place from a roving banditti, under the command of Capt. Paulino, M'ho has rendered himself as notorious, from his many acts of daring and atrocity, as the great Col. Canales. However, the troops garrisoning the place appear to look very light upon his threats and demonstrations, and are reailv anx ious he should attempt to carry out his designs. They are confident he will not make a second attempt. The largest train that Ims ever traversed the soil of Mexico leaves here this morning. It will take with it specie for two Paymasters—ono of them, I learn, has in charge $400,000; how much the other has lam not aware. Santa An na, I learn, was seen at a place called Orizaba, about 00 or 70 miles from here, live days ago. He is ap'prised of the intended departure of the train, and has expressed his intention to attack it, somowhero on the road, with about 8000 troops ; and atlcr ho captures it, to muko a do scent upon this place, with th intention es t H kirg possession of the, city, destroy ing t tiie public stores, and then leaving the Amejfcans to the mercy of the Mexican people. I,klo not think there is any doubt of Santa been seen at the place spoken oft and expressing his intentions as 1 have stated; althougp a Spanish, gentleman stated to me this morniiijjfthat he Mas ot opinion, from information lie had'reueived, that Santa Anna Mas making hisif oyiirds Tam pico. So convinced are’ the mimfry that Sbffie demonstration will be made upon the train, that an escort of 1500 men, supported by Artillery, will be sent in charge of it. If Santa Anna does really feel disposed to do something valiant with his 3000 brave men, lie had bettor attack some thing beside this train. American soldiers do not believe in losing their dimes. There is a doubt whether (fen. Scott will ad vance beyond Puebla until lie receives further reinforcements. I go up M’ith the train this morning, and you may expect to hear from me at Jalapa, Puebla, and Perote. I will divide my time between those places. Gen. Patterson arrived this morning, and is on his way to New Orleans. There is a large roving banditti between this city and Jalapa, and it seems as if nothing can get them out except a few companies of Rangers. Capt. Walker is looked for daily, and I am in hopes they will let him try his hand on them when he arrives. He, I think, could soon rid the road of them. At present they are murder ing and committing the most unprecedented bar barities, even in Indian warfare. Capt. Grayson, Commissary; Maj. Burns ami Maj. Leonard, Paymasters; Capt. Webster, Quartermaster, and many other officers, at pre sent detached, leave here this morning with the train. I learn since writing the above that Gen. ‘ Scott will probably make but a short stay at Pu ebla, and that all communications will be cut off between this place. The system of police established by the neM’ Council is such as will render this place healthy, I hope; and the fact that 450 men have been* discharged from the General Hospital within the past few days, is a proof that the health of the place is not as bad as people wiurt to make it out. Y'ours, J Mustang. From the N. O. Picayune. FROM THE CITY OF MEXICO. By the May ol Tampico m-c are placed in pos session of our files from the cily -o*’ Mp*ioo <Wwn to the 28th of April—s days later than the pa pers we had previously received, although letters of the 30tli had previously reached here. We look first for news from Santa Anna, and we find him engaged, M’ith the utmost diligence, at Orizaba, raising troops. He shows, as the letters well say, incredible energy in repairing the losses he has sustained, and ere this, is, no doubt at the head of an army very considerable in numbers, however inferior in discipline. He is, moreover, according to the papers, grar*. ing permits to guerrilla bands. Being straight, cned for funds, he is said to have imposed upon Orizaba a loan of $16,000. We give extracts of the first letter we have seen of Santa Anna since his defeat at Cerro Gordo. It Mas written on the 22d day of Apri? from Orizaba : Head-Quarters, Com.-in-Chief, ( April 22, 1847. ) The loss of men which we suffered in so une qual a combat (Cerro Gordo) I am unable to learn; because surrounded by the soldiers of Scott, I found myself unexpectedly in immediate danger, and I barely saved myself with six of my aids who remained at the moment by my side”. 1 passed the night at the hacienda of tusamapa, and learning there that the enemy was continu ing his march upon Jalapa, I resolved to move ; on to this city, M'here 1 arrived yesterday eve- j ning. It appears that the enemy, improving his tri umph and the astonishment in which he finds the people ; designs to march upon the capital; but 1 am taking measures to organize here a re spectable force in addition to that at present un der the command ofD. Antonio Leon, and I can assure the President Substitute that with some aid from the neighboring States or the Supreme Government itself, I shall be able to harrass the rear guard ot the enemy with effect until his de struction is achieved. I have already despatch, ed orders to Gen. Canalizo, that he protect with his cavalry the fortress of Perote, and to Gen. Gaona that he place it in the best state of de fence until I can relieve him. 1 cannot omit to express to your Excellency my astonishment at the apathy and selfishness of our citizens in the present critical circumstances; and 1 now deem it necessary, to save the coun try, that the Supreme Powers ofthe nation should dictate severe and effective measures to enforce compliance on the part of every one with those duties which society and the laws impose upon him. It this is not done—if the nation does not rise r.n masse to defend its most sacred rights, unjustly and barbarously trampled upon, inthmy and scorn, with the loss of our nationality, will be the results. For my part 1 shall spare no sacrifice in behalf of the country; my lile and my blood, my repose and my fortune are entirely consecrated to it. Santa Anna. “Each step in the march of Gen. Scott to. wards the capitul is chronicled, and the excesses of our troops are denounced in unmeasured terms. We have looked for some account of these ex cesses, and save that one woman is said to have been abused, nothing very grave appears against the volunteers, even on Mexican report. They were very keen in pursuit of Santa Anna, and put his rich friend Garcia to some personal in convenience to make him reveal Santa Anna’s lurking-place.” “ Tlu; Legislature of Puebla adjourned, after having conferred extraordinary powers upon their Governor, Senor Inzunza. Many bands of guer rillns have been formed in that State. All the regular troops appear to have left this city as early as the 23d or tilth.” “ Congress having conferred very ample pow. ors upon the President Substitute to provide for the existing emergency in the affairs of the coun. , -•> - V -—C Book & Job Printing Office. i Andrews & Griswold, corner of Randolph and Broad streets, (up-ttair ~ I’LII.V and PRINTING, such as mi Heads, Post Bills, Handbills, Crrcvlan, Cards, Pamphlets, Checks, Bills if laiding, Bills of Exchange, Minutes, and Blardts of eoery description, exocntej in Uic nentrst iTe of ilie Arrfifl rnriutiacot.reO Inks, nr in gold, siiver and Bronze, • ST at the very lowest rates. _CE ! try, was occupying itself with the discussion of . constitutional questions. The President shows a good deal more of apathy than is acceptable to the Editors ot El Rcpvfjlicarto. They appeal to him to arouse himself and call forth the energies of the nation to meet the crisis. They denounce as cowardly and infamous any course rather than war and-a long war. .Those wtip jyft suspected of more peaceable views ate jirfounetft in no measured term*.” “ * ~ 3^ 11 oluca the casting of cannon was imme diately to be commenced, the prelates of San Francisco and La Mercede having offered the belis necessary for the construction of cannon.” “In a paper of the 27th we read that a party of Americans under one Kirkcr has inarched upon the gold mine of Guadalupe y Calvo, but . preparations were making for resistance.” l). Miguel Orbe, the curate of Huauchinango is raising a company of guerrillas aud upon the following terms: IIuACCHIN-AN’r.o, April 23, 1847. He who subscribes to this, pledges himself to the five following articles : Ist. To die defending and avenging Our Lady of Guadalupe, and the Catholic, Apostolic, Ro man religion which he professes. 2d. lo defend the integiity and independence of his nation. 3d. To pursue with death the Anglo Ameri cans, their followers, defenders or Allies, whoev • er they may be. 4th. 1 o adjure and detest the personal party or whoever have destroyed their cot ntry. sth. To respect all legitimate authority, what ever it may be, in everything not repugnant to the preceding articles. lhese five articles shall be the fundamental rule of their guerrilla, and shall bo denominated Lu Insurgents Guaclalupana. (Signed) Miguel Orbe. Letters had been received in the capital from San Luis Potosi, announcing that the Governor of the State had promulgated a decree that everv citizen should take up arms, and that the enthu siasm to defend themselves was very great. There were about 4000 troops of the army of the North then in the city. Gen. Taylor, they sup posed, was to remove upon them from Saltillo about the first of May. Letters have been received in the city of Mex ico announcing that on the sth of April 500 American troops lctl Chihuahua with 14 pieces of artillery and 30 wagons for Parral, a town I about “AO latguw bw.il,, <. u the road both to Du rango or to Parras. The Mexicans say the ob ject ot the expedition was to break up the State | Government established at Parral since the fall |ot Chihuahua. The moment their advance was | heard the seat of Government was again removed ;to a place called Guadalupe y Calvo. General j Heiedia, with the remains of his torces, also ! commenced a retreat further south, but had onh/ | commenced it when he learned that the Ameri cans had again returned to Chihuahua after hav- I ing marched south some 20 odd leagues. This j retrograde movement is said to have been occa | stoned by news received from New Mexico un j propitious to American arms, and also to news j tl iat Gen. Taylor had withdrawn from Saltillo. Editorial Correspondence of the Picayune. Jala pa, May 11, 1847. “Intelligent Spaniards here, men who have ample means of information, tell me that matters | at the city of Mexico are daily getting worse and j worse—all is anarchy and confusion. It cannot I well l)U otherwise. Confidence is all gone, hope has vanished, and in their place poverty and despair reign supreme. The only chance left of opposing the Americans, is to raise a frenzy or enthusiasm—call it which you will— similar to that planted in the early revolutionists by Hidalgo, and it is to be doubted whether there is even virtue enough left in the country to bring about such a consummation.” Gen. Quitman’s appointment as Major Gen eral meets with the full approval of the army* 1 he wound of Gen. Shields, which every one at first thought would prove mortal beyond doubt, continues to improve, and the hopes of his recov ery are stronger than ever. From the N. O. Delta, 20th ins/. LATEST FROM MATAMORAS. Ry the arrival ot the sclir. Alcyona, from lira, zos St. Jago, yesterday, which place she left on the 11th inst., we have the Matamoros Flag of the Bth of May, from which we copy the follow ing items: An express (or Gen. Taylor, from Gen. Scott; passed through Matamoros on the 6th inst. Upwards of 1400 troops are now collected at the Camp of Instruction, near Palo Alto. Gen. Cushing met with an accident of a very serious nature on the evening of the 6th inst. Accompanied by a lady, he was taking a walk through the streets after nightfall, and in going out oi'tlie Plaza at the Southeast corner, where the street is fortified so as to leave only a foot-- path not exceeding two feet wide, for egress, ho placed his foot upon a loose brick which gave way and precipitated him into the ditch, breaking: the hone of his left leg, just above the ancle. He was taken to his quarters immediately and Dtv MePhail called to his assistance, from whose surgical skid expectations are created that’ the broken bones may be speedily healed. An investigation has been had in Matamoros, under the direction ot Col. Davenport, into the circumstances attending the death of 11. C. D. Larose, who was shot in a billiard-room, about two months ago, by William Mulligan, who has since been incarcerated in a prison. The re sult ot the investigation proved that Mr. Mulligan was impelled to the act in order to preserve his own life from the violence of Larose, who threat ened it by making repeated thrusts at him with a sword-cane, lie was honorably acquitted and set at liberty. The Mexican Wounded at Buena Vis. ta. —The Flag has seen a late number of the Zacatono, published in the great city of Zac-’ cas, Mexico, which contains letters r * r the Mexican loss at Buena Vi*” Don Manuel Icajsa, a *• *rmy. to that pan- ft 0.21.