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disposition made of the wounded on Santa An na's retreat from Buena Vista, ll has been cie nieJ that the Mexican loss in that battle has, been as great as at first represented—here is j conclusive evidence that their loss in killed and wounded was underrated in the statements first published, and that 5001) would not more tiffin cover it. After mentioning that hundreds had died on the road, and were left unburied, the j writer proceeds: “ In the hospital at Agua Nueva, were left 59 j wounded, two doctors, one medicine chest and provisions for one month; in Incarnation 214 j wounded, two doctors and two months’ piovi-; tiffins; in Salado 42 wounded, one month’s pro visions and necessary medicines, with three doc tors ; in Ccdral, a hospital supported by the j neighborhood and the authorities, 38 wounded, j attended L>y a surgeon of the place ; in Mutchua- j la 318 wounded, three medicine chests, one’ tierce of blankets, one hundred and fifty sheets and tour doctors.” The other letter is from the surgeon of the , regular hospital in ißati Luis. It was with the | division of the army that retreated to this place that the majority o! the wounded were carried. He says: “ It will soon receive 847 wounded, which, added to the 587 here already, will make the extraordinary number of 14w4. For all these I have neither blankets, sheets, nor any of the ne cessaries they require. The donations of cloth ing that have been made to the hospital are not sufficient for even two hundred of this number— provisions arc also greatly deficient. In fact, misfortunes encompass us on all sides, and the measure of our suffering is foil.” Mention is made in one of the papers of the departure, from Zacatecas, to join Santa Anna in defence of the raad to the capital, of a brigade commanded by Don Santiago Humphreys. We recognize in this most potent Don, no less a per sonage than a cowardly villain, once a citizen of Texas, who there styled himself Dr. James Humphreys, and who murdered, in cold blood, several years ago, in the city of Houston, a wor thy man named Powell. After the commission of this act he fled to Mexico. At the time the Texans surrendered themselves prisoners at Mier, Humphreys was the attending surgeon of Ampudia, and no doubt his counsellor in deceiv ing the Texans, and breaking the solemn pledge by which they were induced to give up their arms. Tiie March to Mexico— Pcrote , Puebla, Cohuila. —Speaking of the march to Mexico, the Pennsylvanian says : The population of Pcrote is over 10,000. It is distant from Jalapa about 50 miles, and is nearly midway between the capital and Vera Cruz. There is no place of any importance after passing Pcrote until you come to Puebla, a city of 50,000 inhabitants, with a thriving population, principally engaged in manufactures of lead, cotton goods, glass, earthenware and soap ; with numerous splendid churches; fine Spanish hous es, with lofty ceilings, and ornamented walls, broad, clean streets, and a cathedral, the interior of which is a perfect blaze of gold and precious stones. Mr. Thompson in his work, calls Pue bla “ the Lowell of Mexico.” It is a walled city, and is distant from the capital about 78 miles, j I he only town of any note between Puebla and j the city of Mexico, is Cohui’a, the ancient capi-1 ta! of a great independent Republic, which con-1 tamed during the time ot l>rt,*ac.curdii\^l to his own account, 10,000 houses. It has de- ; dined into a town of 6000 inhabitants. The noted pyramid here is a work of art which, next to the pyramids of Egypt, approaches nearest to those of nature in magnitude and vastness. Its base covers upwards of 48 acres of ground, or about four and a halftimes more than the largest Egyptian pyramids. Cohuila is 70 miles from Mexico. The capital is a walled city, but is not supposed to be susceptible of a stubborn defence. It is a very wealthy city, and contains a popula tion of 140,000, abounding in fine buildings, costly churches, public squares, and broad and regular streets. 05” The Buffalo Advertiser states that Lieut. Woodruff’, ol the Topographical Engineers, who has been for several years engaged in the sur- ■ vey of the Lakes, has been called to Washing- j ton, for distant orders. It is surmised that he will be directed to make an examination of the j Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with reference to the now much talked of ship canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. From the Jalapa American Star of the 2d inst. FROM MEXICO. By the arrival of the English courier, direct j from Mexico, vve learn that the government has authorised the raising of guerrilla parties ! throughout the country, and that they are in structed to harrass the Americans as much as possible. There are no troops at Puebla, and the only Indication of defence at that was the throwing up of a work across the road neat; the city, and on this side. So, then, vve are to have no more war, no more honorable, fighting, and the only chance of chastising the enemy will he to follow him to the mountains, and drive him from the nooks and corners in which ho conceals himself.— What will be the result of this ? Is it possible that Mexico can for a moment imagine that vve will suffer the annoyance such a course will give us 1 Never — never! And the people of the country should ponder well on the conse. quences to than, before giving countenance or assistance to the measure. Rancheros axd Guerrillas. —Within the Last few days vve have been advised of several outrages committed by these parties upon our men, and yesterday evening a body of them ap proached near to the encampment on the Perote road and killed an Illinois volunteer. These men vve regard in the same light that our na tion views privateers—entitled to none of the privileges of war, and only lit subjects for the halter. Santa Anna. —ls Mexico pursues her usual course towards unfortunate generals, vve sup pose, ere this, Santa Anna has been thrown ■overboard for some more skillful pilot. But un fortunately for Mexico, her ship of state lias storms and billows to contend against of no or dinary kind, and vve are really inclined to the opinion that all who attempt to steer her clear of the shoals of adversity, will be forced, like him, to let the helm go and seek their own safe, ty. Santa Anna, vvv believe is still n--ar Orizaba, fearing to go to the capital, lest t. e indignation of the people should overwhelm him. He has sense enough, and knowledge enough of Mexi can character, to be well aware that it is unsafe for him to confront that people lie lias so much deceived. But in the meantime something must be done—and though desperate the stake, the game must be played. lie is endeavoring, vve lenrn, to concentrate a fore to prey upon our| rear, and has succeeded in gathering together a | handful of worthless adventurers, who, prompt- ‘ ed by liia promises of plunder, have been in- ; duced to enlist themselves under his banner.— His force exceeds, we are told, 2500 men, and will, in probability, shortly swell to 4000. This last struggle with destiny will avail him nothing. He can accomplish nought but plun der, and probably the murder of a few unoffend ing travellers, and if he be satisfied with such renown, it is only characteristic of the name he has borne for years among our people. The man who tears to encounter the authori ties—if there be any—of his country, cun pos , sess no great terror tor us. From the Jalapa American Star, May 6. Gen. Quitman's appointment vve learned yes terday, gives very general satisfaction to tliear j my. We heard many officers and soldiers, our- I selves, speak in warm terms of the general’s I promotion. j The Road Open. —Yesterday evening a train of twenty-five or thirty wagTlns came up Irom Vera Cruz, escorted by not more than ten | men. One who accompanied it up says that j there was no sign of an enemy along the road, J nor did they think of any until they met the : train bouiuKilOwa, under a heavy escort. The j mail came up with this train, but vve were so unfortunate as not to receive any papers. l'itoii Mexico, dec. — We tire informed by Lieut. Nichols, who arrived from Perote yester day afternoon, that the present number ol troops in lhe city oi Mexico, docs not exceed two thousand. At Puebla every preparation is ap parently making for the comfort and convenience of our army when it shall see lit to occupy that place. No armed force, save small bands of guerrillas, is to lie seen on the whole route, Lieut. Scmmes, IJ. S. N., has arrived in this city. We understand that the Lieut, is on his way to the city of Mexico, to demand the release of Midshipman Rogers. If so, vve trust that his I journey will lie expeditious, and that on his re j turn, the gallant officer, who for months has been I in the loathsome dungeons of the country, may ) be with him. The Twelve Months Volunteers.— Four 1 regiments of the above troops will leave here to-day for Vera Cruz, and although vve could j wish that tho hoys would stay, and sec the af- j fair through, vve cannot blame them for wishing , to see those dear friends at home, who for twelve j long months, have been estranged from them. ! Many of those who now leave us, have been prominent actors in every liglil since May j last, and they will take from here the thanks ol the army for the services they have rendered. ! In discharging these men at the time Ins does, j Gen. Bcott has been actuated by feelings the ! most commendable. lie has been advised that j Vera Cruz is now quite healthy, and knowing j that in a very few weeks the vornito will set in, j he dispenses with the valuable services of those ! men, tor the remainder of their term, rather than j expose them to the epidemic. He would be j glad, vve know, that they would re-enter the ser- i vice, but is not at all displeased nt the alterna- j tive they have adopted. In a few weeks they j would have the right, of returning by law, and | they i'y\>iur* their gratitude to the commanding General, who has had the kind consideration to j send them at a time when they will have no j fever to contend with. Three Tennessee, two Illinois, otic Georgia, one Alabama regiment, and Captain Williams’ Kentucky company, arc the ones disbanded. From the Vera Cruz Eagle — May 12. Com. Perry, commanding an expedition in person, sailed on Monday last, from this place, but for what parts lias not transpired. YVe sus pect, however, that he is bound for Ilunsacual cos, i'rontera, Laguna, Sisal and Campeachy. The weather at this place has been very warm for some days past, the thermometer aver aging 93 at one oclock in the afternoon. The city being built and paved with such a large proportion of lime, reflects the rays of the sun in a most intolerable degree. We h ave heard ol several cases of romito, or what is represented to be that fatal disease, and it behooves all who regard the preservation of their health to be on their guard, in exposing themselves to the heat of the sun, or indulging too I rooty in any excess. We understand that Capt. Wheat, late a lieu tenant in Capt. Sneed’s company of Tennessee cavalry, is making rapid progress in raising a company ot light horse troops, for the purpose of returning to the field, lie lias already 45 re cruits, nearly twice that number of horses, and contemplates soon to be ready for service. An attempt was made the other day, by one of l ho hands on board tho schooner Louisa, ly ing oft’ this port, to murder tho captain. The man was secured alter inflicting a serious injury upon the captain, and lodged in jail. The affair will be submitted to the Commander-in-chief for his consideration and punishment. Maj. Gen. Patterson and the Tennessee cav alry and the Ist and 2d regiments infantry, the 3d and 4th Illinois, the Geotgia and Alabama, and one company Kentucky volunteers, have ar rived from Jalappa. A great number of the troops embarked on the loth and 11th, and all will soon set their foot again upon their own native land. Gen. Patterson accompanies them to the United States, but will return, to share in the perils and glories yet to be encountered This gallant General deserves more gratitude, perhaps, than any other commander who lias been in the service during the present war. He has been a cripple for several months, most of which time, his only means of getting about, was by the aid of crutches During the fiercest bombardment of this city, he was busy hobbling about from one point to another, closely observ. ing, giving directions where it was necessary, and performing all the duties appertaining lo his office, with as much despatch as if attending to tho commonest affairs of life. General Orders, US. Headquarters of the Army, j Jalapa, April 30, 1847. \ 1. The division of the army, in this neighborhood, will b<> held in readiness to advance soon alter the ar riia! ot trains now coming from Vera Cruz. 2- J’lie route and time lor commencing ibe march, ■ will lie given at general Headquarters. * ’ 3. Maj. lVn. Patterson, alter designating a rogi-1 ment ot volunteers as part of the garrison to hold this place, will pat his brigades successively in inarch, i with an interval of 24 hours between them. Brig. Gen. Tu iggs’ division will follow the move ment. also by brigades. •>. Each brigade, whether of regulars or volunteers, will be charged with escorting such part of the gene ral supply train of the army, as the chiefs of the gen eral staff may have reartv U> send forward. \M (!!J S©(D ©ll ©I M (0 © © TT □ C. Every man of the division will take two days’ subsistence in his haversack. This will be the gen eral rule for all marches when a greater number of rations is not specially mentioned. 7. As the season is near when the army may no longer expect to derive supplies from Vera Cruz, it must begin to look, exclusively, to the resources of, the country. 8. Those resources, far from being over-abundant, i near the line of operations, would soon fail to support both the army and the population, unless they be gatli- 1 ered in without waste and regularly issued by quar ter-masters and commissaries. 9. Hence they must be paid for, or the people w ill j withhold, conceal or destroy them. The people, more- | over, must bo conciliated, soothed, or well treated by ‘ every officer and man ol the army, and by its followers. Id. Accordingly, whoever maltreats unoffending Mexicans ; takes, without pay. or wantonly destroys 1 their property, of any kind whatsoever, will prolong the war, waste the mean- , present and future, of sub sist ine- our own men and animals as they successively i advance into the interior, or return to our water de- : pot ; and no matter what the season of the year, no , army can possibly drag after it to any considerable I distance, the heavy articles of bread-stuffs, meat and 1 forage. 11. Those, therefore, who rob, plunder or destroy the houses, fences, cattle, poultry, grain, fields, gar dens, or properly of any kind, along the line of our operations, are plainly thcenetnies of this army. The General-in-chief would infinitely prefer that the few 1 who commit such outrages, should desert at once, and light against us. Then it would be easy to shoot I them down, or to capture and hang them. 12. Will the great body of intelligent, gallant and honorable men who compose this army, tolerate the few miscreants who perpetrate such crimes? Again the General-in-chief confidently hopes not. Let then the guilty be promptly seized and brought, to condign punishment, or the good must suffer the consequences I in supplies ami loss of character, for crimes not their own. 13. To prevent straggling and marauding, the roll I of every company of the army will he called at every halt, by or under the eye of an officer. In camps and i in quarters there must heat least three such roll-calls ‘ daily. Besides, on marches, stragglers will certainly ! he murdered or captured by rancheros. I I. Tlie waste of ammunition by neglect and idle : or criminal firing, is a most serious evil in this army. All officers arc specially charged to seethat not a car tridge be lost from the want ol care, or tired except by ; order; or otherwise fifty wagons of ammunition would Ipiot suffice lor the campaign, and it is difficult to find j ten. Let every man remember that it is unsafe to 1 meet the enemy without forty rounds in his cartridge : box. j 15. Every regiment that leaves wounded or sick i men in hospital, will take care to leave a number of 1 attendants, according to the requisition of the princi ! pal surgeon of the hospital. The men least able to : march will he selected as attendants. This rule is ! general. By command of Major-General Scott: H. L. SCOTT, a. a. a. g. From the Maiaiuorus Flug, of the 15th inst. Reported Duel. —lt has been rumored here for several days that a duel had lakeit place it) Monterey, beetweeu Capt. Montgom ery, Quartermaster at that post, and Capt. ! Titos. F. Marshall, of Kentucky Cavalry, in j which the former was killed. Wo are happy j to contradict this rumor, which we do on the j authority of a gentleman just arrived from Ca- I tnargo. He states that there had been a seri- ! ous disagreement between these two gentle- j men, and that a challenge had passed, but that j a reconciliation had been brought about before j an exchange of shots. San Luis.— lt is stated in the Monterey Pi- j oncer, upon the authority of a gentleman from i San Luis Potosi, that but a few hundred effec- I tive troops were in that city, and that the hospi -1 tals were filled with the sick and wounded, xvho : were dying for xvant of attention. A report j reached there that Gen. Taylor was within 1 three day’s march ol” the city, which caused i i hundreds of inhabitants to r union with their , ! property. I Robber captured.— Ramano Paz, a noto j riotts Mexican robber and murderer, was cap- S ’ lured in the vicinity of Old Reynosa by Cap tain Reid, of the steamboat Corvette, and j i brought down to this city on Wednesday last, ■ where he is now imprisoned. It appears that \ he holds the rank of captain under Canales, an I ! visited the settlements near Reynosa for the | j purpose of inducing or forcing the rancheros to ; join his standard. The people were not dispo- j j sed to join him, and sought an opportunity to I ! place him in the hands of the Americans.— | This was effected by imforming Capt Reid of j bis whereabouts and designs who collected a force from the boat and made him prisoner at ; j a rancho, where he had been quartered for sev j oral days. Gen. Urrea. —Gen. Urrca has issued a proclamation to the citizens of Cadareyta, j ! very similar in tone to that of Santa Anna.— lie calls upon the town for a contribution I 1 towards supporting the war ; and also orders j under arms all able bodied males between the I j ages of 16 and 45. Immediately after having I issued this proclamation, lie set ofl'for tho city j i of Mexico. Advance of Gen. Taylor. —The Monte rey Pioneer thinks that an advance upon San Luis is designed by Gen. Taylor, as unusual j activity prevails in all the departments, and four trains, loaded with subsistence stores, have : recently arrived at that place. Died.—Lieut. Waters, of the Alexandria company, Virginia Regiment, died, a short time since, at the town ol China. Escaped. —A young man named John Doss j (an Amci ican, we believe) was confined in prison on Tuesday charged with selling arms ! and ammunition to the Mexicans. Through the insecurity of the prison or the carelessness j of the sentry, lie effected his escape during | Thursday night last. Maryland Volunteers. —The Baltimore Patriot learns, upon reliable authority, that tho offer made by Gen. John Spear Smith to the! War department, of the service of a brigade of Volunteers from Maryland, to serve during the j war, has been accepted. It is understood that the two regiments which are to compose this J brigade will be commanded, one by Gen. Tench ! ; Tilghmun, ot Talbot county, and the other by j j Major James O. Law, of Baltimore. Tne brig- j : ade is to be commanded by Gen. Smith. Un-! | der such commanders the military character of j Maryland will be sure to be well sustained. Gen. Taylor.— ln a letter to a friend in Baton Rouge, the old Hero thus speaks of his nomination i for the Presidency : “ l must however, be allowed to sav, that 1 have not the ! vanity to consider myaelfqualified lor so high and responsi ble a station, and whilst wo have far more eminent and de-j serving names before the country, I should pn fei to stand aside, if one of them could he raised to the first otlice in tho gilt of a free people. “I go for tho country, the whole country—and it is my J ardent and sincere wish to see the individual placed at the head of the nation, who, by a ttrirt observance of the Con-1 slimtion, can make us must pro-porous at home, as .well • most respected abroad.** * I FROM MATAMORAS. The schr. Highlander, at New Orleans, brings advices from the Brazos to the 14th. Nothiug later was heard from Gen. Taylor’s column. Mr. Cushing was improving. It was his right leg, and not his left that was broken. It is reported that there was a movement on . loot among influential Mexicans at Victoria to proclaim the department ofTamaulipas inde pendent. They had applied to the commander at Matamoras (or men and money. It is 1 thought by the Flag that no aid will be given to them. There had been a riot between the officers and privates of the Massachusetts regiment.— It arose from some insubordination caused bv ! drunkenness. Order was finally restored. From the N. V. Commercial Advertiser, 17th inst. 1 S days later from Europe. The royal mail steam packet Brittannia, Captain Hewitt, arrived at Boston last night about midnight. .Site left Liverpool on the 4th inst., and has accordingly made the passage in twelve and a half days. By the magnetic tele graph we have received the following summary of the news— Jlutton Market. —The price of cotton on the-sailing of the steam ship Caledonia bad a i downward tendency; since her departure prices hare declined. The market had become flat, the sales less, and speculators not operating.— I .Several causes have produced this reaction. — The prominent one, the restrictive measures of the Bank, on discount bills, bearing the en ’ dortsemciit of some of the first houses of Eng land who are said to have been engaged in spqculatinn and shipping gold to the United ‘States; this movement has bad a must telling ; effect upon the manufacturing section of this country, and the cotton market suffers under the j pressure. ! Ibices of American from the 16th to the 23d ult. declined $ pence to £ pence. Brazil, Egyptian and Surat pence to pence and at the close ofthe following week ending the 20th a further reduction followed of J pence to j on American and all other descriptions. On the following day better accounts were recei ved from London as to the state ofthe money market, which gave an improved tone to the cotton market at Liverpool, and the sales ol that day amounted to about 7000 bales oi Ame rican at an advance of | pence, one half of which however, was on speculation. Flour Market. —There has been some fluctuation in the price of grain and flour during the month, but prices have now settled down at 40s- for Western Canal flour, American red wheat 10s. 2d. to 11s. 9d. and white at 12s. to pjs. 3d. per bushel. Indian Corn 51s. to 523.; red 525. to 535. During the last day or two wheat has advanced 2d. per 70 pounds; Wes tern flour Is. per barrel, Philadelphia and Bal timore flour, 2d. In the Liverpool market the demand for Indian meal is limited, and prices have declined 2s. for 180 pounds on yellow, 2s. on white. Yesterday, May 3, foreign wheat obtained an advance of full 4s. per quarter.— The flour trade was very active, and a rise of 2s. per barrel was established, while Indian Ctfrn was sold at stis. to 58s. tor yellow, and 58s. to 60s. for white. The relief which the Americans have sent |to the starving Irish has been the universal theme of eulogy iu Ireland, and of warm and ! generous sympathy in England, j Money Market. —During the last night the funds have continued uninterruptedly a down. 1 ward course ; the bullion in the bank still dis appeared rapidly, the directors have been more stringent than ever ; in fact, though they have not publicly made any alterations iu their terms of discount, they havo done what has acted upon mercantile business with more sever -1 ity; they have virtually declined to discount at ‘all, while the discount houses are charging 6A |to 7 per cent for short dated bills of first rate quality, 7,j per cent for bills running till July. : The effect upon business has been almost to put a stop to transactions of magnitude. During tho last few days, however, the Bank has discounted rather more freely and consols have rallied a little. The improved feelings lias been strengthened by the an nouncement that the Russian Government has resolved to invest upward of two millions ster ling of its gold in the English funds. Still the severity ofthe pressure is only partially reliev ed, and it is evident that for some time to come we can only expect a very stringent mo ney market and a higher rate of interest. To-day the effect of the investment of Rus sian gold has been counteracted by advices from the continent raising the price of corn i prodigiously, and the entire stagnation of trade in the manufacturing districts lias also hail its effect; consols declined one per cent, in the course of tho day, and tho marked closed heavily. The European Times says—“ Since we alltt uded to the position of the Bank of England, matters have become worse in the whole com mercial world. From Cornwall to Caithness 1 and Gaps Clear to the Giant’s Causeway, are , all up in arms in respect to our absurd mone tary policy ; great is the triumph ofthe currency doctors and great is their exultation at the cm biaiassment of which is bringing many to ruin and has already caused proud hearts to bow in humble prostration. The foreign events ofthe fortnight are not of striking interest. In Portugal the Junta still keep the Queen’s forces at bay. The insur gents are now too powerful and wealthy to be extinguished by force, and means are in pro gress to buy off their hostility. The Queen of Spain and her husband show symptoms of enduring each other. They have appeared together in public, and the reconcilia tion is said to have given rise to great rejoi cings. 1 The Government education schemes had passed to a third reading in the House of Com mons after a three night debate, almost without j opposition. A few days ago not fewer than 2000 emi : grants sailed from Hamburg for New-York.— In some parts of the country emigration is car | ried on to almost an alarming extent, whole ! villages go away in mass, and become entirely depopulated. The last accounts from Ireland represent the mortal career of the Lord Lieutenant as rapid, drawing to a close, the Dublin Evening Post holds out no hope of his recovery. The Cork Examiner contains the following shocking statement: “We this day witnessed a most horrifying and appalling spectacle at the Shandon guard.house, at the foot of Mallow Lane. Under the sheds attached to that build ing, lay some thirty-eight human beings—old and young men, women, children, and infants of i the tendercst age—all huddled together like so j many pigs or dogs, on the ground, without any : other covering but the rags on their persons, \ and these to the last stage of filth and hideous- : ness. There they lay —some dying—some dead j all gaunt and yellow, and hideous with famine j and disease. We have seen many'sights efj horror within the last month but never any thing equal to this congregated mass of human debasement. France.— The news of Gen. Taylor’s victo- 1 lies was received with much satisfaction. Great distress continues to exist. Bread is j excessively dear, and it is* feared that during; ihe months o.‘ May and June, provisions of all kinds will be dearer than they have hitherto been. Mr. Bancroft, tine American Minister in En gland, has been on a visit to Paris. Ori Sun-; day the 14th, lie was received by King Louis | Piiillippe. Mr. lngersol, the United States Minister to Russia, accompanied by Mr. Colin and Mr. In gersoll, attache's of his embassy, were also re-, eeived by the King at the same time. Italy.—A diabolical plot to murder the 1 Pope has been discovered. It was first found out by the French Ambassador, who revealed the names ofthe conspirators to the Pope. Their intention was to assassinate him while j ! giving audience to one of them who was ap pointed to kill him. A Capuchin priest pro sented himself for an audience. llis Holiness requested his name, but before he was admitted the Pope looked over the list of conspirators, and found the name of Ihe Capuchin ; he im mediately summoned his guards, who, on the Capuchin’s entrance seized him, and on search ing him found he had a brace of loaded pistols and a poisoned dagger about his person. The Capuchin was conveyed to prison, and many arrests took place. An Interesting I.etter from the West. CORRESPONDENCE OF TIIF. MUSCOGEE DEMOCRAT. Cleveland, Ohio, May 12, 147. Mr. Editor: l perceive that you have but few correspondents in this section of the Union.— Thinking possibly that your readers might be in terested in the description of a trip to the Upper Lakes and in a sketch ofthe customs, manners, &c. ofthe people ofthe West—the rapid growth ol the villages, towns and cities, skirting this vast chain of inland seas, I trouble you with this com munication. Before entering upon this descrip tion, however, I would premise that il is Gut a few years since Lake Michigan was navigated by vessels of any kind, to say nothing ofthe floating palaces that are now to be seen ploughing their way from Buffalo to Chicago, a distance of over lOUt) miles through Lakes Erie, St. Ciair, Huron, the straits of Michilimackinac, and Lake Michi gan. This trip is now regularly made by the larger class of steamboats in 8 or 10 days. Two thousand miles to be performed in ten days, tak ing into view the detention at the different ports along the route, nun be considered good speed— especially when it is known that in ihe early his tory of steamboat navigation on these waters, the lime usually consumed was one month. Sail ves sels now make the trip in that time. I believe that it was as late us 1802 or ’O3, that steam boats commenced navigating the Upper Lakes. Now there is a daily line to Chicago, one to De troit and a third to Toledo on Lake Erie, exelu sive of the great number of steamboats running in no regular line. The waters ofall these Lakes are whitened with sail vessels of every descrip tion, from the sloop of 40 tons to the brig of 400. The steamboats lunge from 400 to 1700 tons.— Capt. Walker is now building one of the latter tonnage. The length of her keel is 300 loot; her breadth of beam 30 teet, and depth of hold 15 feet. These Upper Lake Boats, in the beauty and style of linish, arc excelled by no boats in the country. Those on the North River do not sur pass them in any respect. They are generally furnished with a full Band, that greatly enlivens the dull monotony of a long voyage by their spirit stirring strains. The ladies’ saloons are furnish ed with a Piano, elegant rose-wood Sotiis, Otto mans, Divans, together with even other article of comfort or luxury of which the ingenuity of tnan could conceive or invent. The splendid steamboat Saratoga , commanded by Capt. Stanard, upon which 1 took passage, was built last spring. She is not of the very largest class of ves sels—being some 200 feet keel—but is, in all respects a jewel ol a boat. In neatness, comfort, and splendor ol finish, she is unequalled on these or any other wa ters ; she cost some $05,000. ller cabin runs the whole length of the upper deck. She has 55 state rooms for the first class of passengers, with three berths each, in addition to two bridal rooms. These bridal rooms, which are on the upper deck, are admi rably adapted to the purpose for which they are de signed. Each is furnished with a bedstead Sofa, &c. with other fixings necessary to make the honey-moon pass oft - pleasantly, should it chance to be spent on one of these floating palaces of the West: Cleveland, where I embarked, is a city', as you well know, situated on tiie southern shore ot Lake Erie, two hundred miles west of Buffalo, and 140 miles east of Detroit. It is pleasantly located on high table land, commanding a line view of the Lake. The streets 1 are regularly laid out at right angles, are broad and well built up. Superior, which is the principal busi ness street, is some 8 rods wide. The city contains about 11,000 inhabitants, and including Ohio citv, which is only separated from it by the Cuyahoga i iv er, some 14,000. The public edifices are an ornament to the place ; among these, are three spacious hotels, which are unsurpassed by any similar establishments in the western country. The “ American ” is four sto ries high, and fronts on the main street 110 feet, run- 1 liing back 145 feet. It presents a fine appearance.— The ” Weddel House ” is a magnificent building, lo cated on the corner of Superior and Bank streets, and is just completed. It fronts on Superior street 125 feet, and on Bank 165 feet, is four stories high and is surmounted by three domes from which you can see i out upon the Lake some thirty miles. One of the Bar nums, of Baltimore, will open it in a few days. The ! furniture which lias just arrived, cost some $20,000. ; The New England House is another spacious edifice, ; located nearer the steamboat landing, and is just com pleted. It is also a credit to the place. The public i Square contains ten acres, and is beautifully’ orna mented with shade trees, and is surrounded with fine j private residences, generally painted white with green i blinds, which show enchantingly through the rich toli age in which they are embowered. This is the case I with the private residences generally, many of which ; exhibit great beauty, taste and elegance in the style ! of architecture. The city is principally settled by . New Englanders, who have brought their manners and customs with them. The streets, owing to the nature of the soil, are always dry and pleasant.— Among the houses of public worship, are 2 Presbyte rian, 2 Methodist, 3 Episcopalian, 1 Baptist, 1 Univer salist, 1 Dutch Lutheran, 1 Scotch Presbyterian, 1 Bethel, &.c. Cleveland is a commercial place, and derives its chief importance from its extensive trade and commerce. The value of the property shipped annually, is estimated at $5,000,000. This arrives by the Ohio Canal, which terminates at this point.— The exports and imports amount to some $10,000,000. annually. It is no unfrequent occurrence to a ce in j port at one time, 10 Steamboats, as many Propellers, 40 sail of Vessels receiving and discharging cargoes. The amount of wheat in store this spring, upon the opening of navigation, was estimated at 1,000,000 bushels. We glided smoothly over the “blue expanse of Erie’s waters,” and in a few hours began to ascend the beautiful river of Detroit, which connects Lake j Erie with St. Clair. This stream is nearly if not quite a mile wide. As we entered the mouth of the river, | Maldin, a British garrison on the Canada side, appear -led in sight. There are some troops stationed here to | protect her Majesty’s dominions. A British armed : steamer had just left the dock, and our captain caused j the stars and stripes to be run up to the mast head as she passed. The usual salutation when our own boats meet another, is to ring a bell. The red coats appear in groups in front of the garrison, as we sailed by.— We continued our course up the river—Michigan on one side and Canada on the other. The division line between the two countries was strongly marked, and might have been noticed by the most casual observer —the improvements on the American side were much better than those on the other; the dwellings present ed a much finer appearance, and the farms were under a much better state of cultivation. The old fashioned wooden Wind Mills, in the shape of our modern light houses, are still to be seen on the Canada side. Detroit now appeared in the distance, with her tow ering steeples and glittering spires. It was settled at an early day by the French, and although it has ma ny splendid public edifices of modern style of archi tecture, still it exhibits many characteristics of an old French town. The roofs of the old French houses have a steep pitch—almost perpendicular—and show a striking contrast to those of more modern origin, i The streets ol Detroit, unlike those of Cleveland, after i a rain are almost impassable. Jefferson Avenue is the principal street for business; it is almost as wide as the main street of Cleveland. Amongst the many 1 recent improvements, is a splendid edifice for the ac commodation of the Catholics. Detroit contains about 10,000 inhabitants, and is gradually increasing. A Railroad is in course of construction across the pen insular, in the direction of Chicago, and two-thirds of the distance is completed. The export trade of De troit is augmenting—2so,ooo barrels of Flour were in .-tore this spring ready for shipment upon the open ing of navigation. Our stay at Detroit was short—the captain being \ anxious to get over the flats of St. Clair that after noon before dark. This is the most difficult pass on the whole route; the water is shoal, and vessels draw ing over 9 leet water find it impossible to pass over without lighting. Congress has repeatedly made ap ! propriutions for cleaning out the channel, but your ! Southern Presidents, much to our annoyance, have i generally vetoed them. We made the trip from De ! iroit in about three hours, in time to get over the flats i before dark; we ascended the river St. Clair, having passed over the lake ol the same namp. Before en tering Lake Huron, we made a stop to wood. These Boats consume on a trip to the Upper 1-akes and hack, from 4 to 500 cords ol wood. Being the last stopping place for this purpose until we get into Lake Michi- I gan, we had to take a sufficient supply to last us liirotigh. This is a great country for Pine Lumber, ! and several steam saw mills are driving a profitable ] business. It is shipped to the lower country. As we ! proceeded up the fit. Clair river, vegetation grew | more and more scarce. Peach trees were in bloom ] when we leit Cleveland, hut before we reached Fort ( Gratiot, which stands at the head of the river, com manding the entrance to and from the same into Lake 11 uroli, scarcely a sprig or hud was to he seen. Fort i Gratiot is a lovely spot. The buildings are white and present a neat appearance. We pushed our way into j Lake Huron, winch is some 25U miles long, and con t tinned through its whole length, reaching the cele j orated Island of Mackinac on the morning of the sec ond day. It was Sunday ; the snow was falling brisk ly—the ice in the straits which had commenced mov ing out,and the snow drifts which lay on the ground to the depth of two and three feet, gave all the indi | cations ol winter. In the mid-summer this is the most delightful spot on the continent, and is becoming cv | ery vear more and more a place of fashionable resort. Pile air is bracing, the water pure and limpid.and the I scenery wild and majestic. The Fort is situated on j a high bluff which overlooks the surrounding counlry i for miles. All the buildings connected with the gar ! rison are white anti are kept in admirable order. The i walks to tiie Fort are beautifully laid out and paved | with white pebble-stones, which are common on the Island. In the town, which lies below, there is no | thing particularly interesting. The Indians resort here to trade, coming, in their birch canoes, in many i instances, a great distance. In the summer season a steamboat runs twice a week between Mackinac and j St. do St. Marie, or the So, as it is commonly called. | Here copper speculators embark for various ports on Lake Superior. This would be a delightful trip lor some of your Southern friends to make this summer. l lt would pay them well; the scenery', for grandeur, 1 wildness and sublimity,stands unrivalled; abundance ) of white fish and trout are caught in this region, and | they are a luxury that would make an epicure’s mouth ! water. We left Mackinac, after a short detention, proceed ! ing on our way through fields of ice, until we got through the straits ol Michilimackinac. Alter wo 1 had fairly got inlo Lake Michigan, our progress waa no further impeded by the frozen element. 1-ake Michigan, you know, is some 400 miles long, running 1 almost directly south from the straits. We soon there fore began to feel a sensible change in the climate. 1 We stopped at the Manitou Island to wood. Here wo met the steamboat “ Louisiana,” another floating pal ace, hound down ; she had a great number of passen ! gers going east—merchants of Illinois and Missouri after their spring supply of goods. She also had a • volunteer company on hoard destined for Mexico. The next day at noon we came in sight of Milu.au hie, in the territory of Wisconsin, a flourishing city of 11.000 inhabitants ! This place was only laid out in 1835. Is there any town in the country a parallel to ; the growth of this place? The streets are wide and well built up. The principal business street runs par ; allel with tiie river, and with its bustle and activity 1 presents all tiie characteristics of a metropolitan city. The houses, which arc principally brick, are of a straw color, and present a singular bit fine appearance; j many of them are elegant. They have one or two public houses that would do credit to any town or city. 4’lie Government has done little or nothing for the harbor at this place, but private and individual enter ‘ prize lias, in a measure supplied the deficiency, by ex -1 tending into the Lake wooden piers to the distance of several hundred feet. Wisconsin is rapidly filling tip with the best kind of inhabitants. Every steamboat that makes the upward trip, lands upon her shores from 800 to 1000 emigrants. Her soil is as fine as j any in the world, and oilers great inducements to set i tiers. The next place that we reached was Racine, in the same territory. It contains 3000 inhabitants, and : presents a fine appearance from the Lake. It is sus tained by a fine country back, as is also Southport, 10 1 miles further on. with about the same number of in • habitants. These towns arc of but recent origin, and rapid growth. Little Fori is a place of about 1500 i inhabitants, in the State of Illinois. We reached | Chicago in the night—the end of the route. Chicago is a city destined to be of great coramer- I eial importance. Its growth, like all western places, has been most rapid. In 1832, the season of the Black ! Hawk War, it contained but thirteen families, and it j now contains fifteen thousand inhabitants! It has ma ny splendid edifices, both public and private—some 16 churches, and many valuable public schools. The Illinois Canal will probably be completed this season, which will give fresh impulse to the growth of the j place. Wheat and other kind of produce are now : brought to the city in teams, and it is no unusual oc ! curreuce to see from 10 to 1500 of them in the streets of Chicago, in one day. A gentleman informed me that he counted, in one instance, some 2700. It is only a few years since that this new country , raised a sufficient amount of produce for home con sumption, but it now sends oft'every year an increas ing surplus. It is estimated that the amount of Wheat in store at the different ports on Lake Michigan, this Spring, ready for shipment, is some 2,000,000 of bush els. 800,000 bushels will be shipped from Chicago alone ; 500,000 from Michigan city ; 250,000 from St. Joseph; 175.000 from Milwaukie; 140,000 from Ra cine, 140,000 from Southport, &c. &.c. But, Mr. Editor, I have extended this letter beyond the limits originally contemplated, and must close, having given yeu but an imperfect sketch of the country bordering those inland seas. To be properly j appreciated, it must be seen. OHIO.