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PAGE SIX THE DALTON CITIZEN, THURSDAY, JUNE 9, 1921. APPLE BLOTCH AND BITTER-ROT AND THEIR CONTROL. Relative Susceptibility of’ Varieties. The relative susceptibility of va rieties varies with the season and with the locality. In seasons espe cially favorable to its development, bitter-rot may destroy the crop of all varieties but the more susceptible one will be the first to succumb. Very susceptible varieties are: Givens, Fallawater, Highfill, Hunts man, Lansingburg, Willowtwig and Yellow Newton. Moderately susceptible: Ben Davis, Grimes, Jonathan,' Northwestern Greening and Smith Cider. Fairly resistant: Mammoth Black Twig, Delicious, Maiden Blush, Rome Beauty, Stay- - man and York. Resistant: Akin, Arkansas Black, Bismark and Winesap. Control Measures: Of the apple diseases controllable by spraying, bitter-rot is the one which dies the hardest. In ordinary cases, and by that I mean nearly all cases, bittpr-rot can be controlled by keeping the fruit covered with Bordeaux mixture dur ing the hot season. This is accom plished by spraying at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks from early in June to about August 15 in the case of fall and winter apples. Care should be taken to see that the fruit is cov ered by the spray on all sides. By starting the schedule in June, the fruit receives at least one coat of spray and often two before the dis ease breaks out, a thing very much to be desired. In a hot, moist sum mer, the interval between sprays should be about two weeks, but Magic! Drop a little "Freezone” on an aching corn, instantly that corn stops hurting, then shortly you lift it right off with fingers. Doesn’t hurt a bit. Your druggist sells a tiny bottle of “Freezone” for a few cents, sufficient to remove every hard corn, soft corn, or corn between the toes, and calluses. —Adv. in a cool season this interval may be lengthened to three. In exceptional cases, so abundant are the over-wintering sources of infection consisting of cankers and mummied fruits, that spraying alone wiU not give control. In such or chards, these infection sources are so numerous that they are some times able to produce as many as a thousand infections on each fruit. If one relied on spray alone he would have to cover every part of the fruit, a thing humanly impos sible. One must therefore reduce the number of infections by getting rid of cankers and mummies. Most of the cankers can be trimmed out at pruning time, and the mummies can be prevented from forming by collecting all rotten fruit at picking time. The spray schedule as I have previously outlined should be fol lowed and in addition to this the af fected fruits should be pulled off and disposed of as they appear. Usually the grower knows the trees in which the rot first appears and the elimination of these first rotten fruits is an important step in con trol, for it is from these fruits that the disease is scattered most rapidly. Then, too, by looking just above these, clumps of rotted fruits the grower will often find the canker or mummy in which the. disease passed the winter. It is probably unnecessary for me to say that such cankers and mummies should be, removed whenever found. A few years ago we undertook the control of bitter-rot in what was be lieved to be the worst affected or chard in this country. The most thorough and careful spraying alone, while reducing the damage, failed to give adequate control. By removal of cankers and mummies during the winter and by removal of the rot ted fruit and the infection sources causing it, in the summer, we soon had the orchard so that our spraying gave excellent control. The owner has followed up our work and his orchard is one of the freest from bitter-rot of any orchard in this sec tion. Combined Schedule: It is evident that where blotch and bitter-rot; are to be controlled, the schedules of spray applications may be com bined, the later blotch sprays serv ing also as earlier bitter-rot sprays. Incidentally, the sprays applied for bitter-rot control will prevent sooty- blotch, New Hampshire fruit spot and are a great help in the control of black-rot. Arsenate of lead may be added in any or all applications for the control of codling moth and other insect pests. The first two sprays for blotch should be made with 3-4-50 Bor deaux' mixture, the remaining blotch and bitter-rot sprays should be made with 4-4-50 Bordeaux mixture, or if preferred the lime content may be increased to 6 lbs. to prevent burn ing, especially desirable when a poor grade of lime is used. General Remarks on Spraying for Blotch and Bitter-rot Control- To be efficient, spraying must be thoroughly done at the right time. A sloppy job of spraying is a waste of time, labor and material. A spray put on before a rain, if given time to dry, is better than one put on after a rain. The fruit must be well covered by the spray. In order to do this, one must have fine nozzles, good pres sure, and hit the fruit with the spray from more than one side (1) by manipulation of the spray rod, (2) by shooting “through” either from the opposite side or from the “center” of the tree. In order to stick to the waxy sur face of the fruit, spra$ r must be ap plied in the form of a fine mist. For this, nozzles must have fine openings and pressure must be ade quate. Trees left unpruned or with “thick heads” cannot be properly sprayed. A good rod-man is a rarity. Most rod-men are able to cover only the outer y 3 of each fruit. If you use home-made Bordeaux mixture, you will be able to see. just how much you have covered. A friend of mine says he hates to use Bordeaux mix ture because he can always go over the trees after an application of spray and see what a rotten job he has done. The spray-gun is a good orchard tool, but a careless man, especially in the first blotch application, can do a great deal of damage by over spraying. The gun should always be used by skilled hands. For blotch and bitter-rot work, where a fine, even spray and a maximum j of protection is required, the rod is to be preferred to the gun. Neither blotch nor bitter-rot are controlled by dusting. POTENTIAL MAEKET FOE AMER ICAN FRUIT IN CHINA. China has within her boundaries one- quaTter of the total population of the world and the mass of her people are fruit lovers. A certain amount of American fruit, both fresh and dried, has already found its way into the Chinese fruit stores, but the oppor tunities for expansion are immense. Hitherto the high-priced imported fruits have been consumed by the wealthy class, but the Bureau of Markets, Uni ted States Department of Africulture, points to the significant fact that the wage-earning ability of the Chinese is gradually increasing. Market speeial- 'sts conclude that it will not be long before the mass of the Chinese people will be ready to buy foreign fruits. Japan is the sharpest competitor in the Chinese fruit market but Bhould offer small resistance to a well-planned campaign by American fruit growers. The Japanese apples are far inferior to the American product and do not com mand the same prices. The Bureau of Markets recommends that the fruit dealer who seeks business in China use the trade channels already establish ed. The Chinese are extremely conser vative and do not welcome new sys tems to replace the ones they have in use. One present drawback to foreign business with perishable products is due to the fact that the cold-storage facilities at the principal Chinese ports are inadequate. The Chinese have un derstood the principles of cold stor age and have practiced its methods for centuries, but it has been only in re- ceL i years that her foreign business has been of a nature to demand large warehouses equipped to hold merchan dise from other countries. It will be profitable for the American end of the industry to encourage the building of such warehouses where fruit can be held subject to the demand of the mer chants. The rate of duty on fruits is not suf ficiently high to interfere with the de velopment of the trade. For-fresh and dried fruits the rate is 5 per cent ad valorem plus 5 per cent of the duty as a port charge. A box of apples valued at $2.00 would pay a customs charge of ten and one-half cents. Additional facts of value concerning the opportunities presented to the American fruit grower by this great undeveloped market can be found in Circular 146, United States Depart ment of Agriculture. The circular gives an intimate and extensive report on the condition, customs and possibilities of Goodrich Tire Prices reduced 20 P er cent The last word in Quality _ The best word in Price Silvertow: CORDS SILVERIOWN CORDS SIZE Anti-Skid Safety Tread "tubes" 30*3% $ 24.50 $255 32*3% $32.90 $2.90 32*4 $41.85 $355 33*4 $43.10 $3.70 32*4% $47.30 $450 33*4% $48.40 $455 34*4% $49,65 $ 4.75 33*5 $58.90 $555 35*5 $61.90 $550 Fabric Tires Smooth 30*3 $12.00 Safety 30*3 $13.45 Safety 30*3% $1600 cjsiety 32*4 $2690 Safety 334 $7830 Safety 33*4% $3115 Anti-Skid Safety Tread S1LVERTOWN THE B.F. GOODRICH RUBBER COMPANY 04fyvn,0mo ECONOMY OF ICE ECONOMY OF FOOD ECONOMY ATTRACTIVE APPEARANCE China as a market for American fruit products. FARMERS SHOULD SPRAY DE SPITE LOSS OF FRUIT. Despite the heavy loss of fruit caused Mby spring frosts, spraying authorities urge orchardists to carry out their spraying programs as con templated for the year. Three diseases, apple scab, black rot and apple blotch have developed so rapidly that they have become a serious menace in many sections. To spray during an off-fruiting year will aid greatly in cleaning out these diseases, it is stated. Where there is no fruit to be in jured by spray russeting, Bordeaux mixture may be substituted for lime- sulphur in the petal fall spray as well as the July spray. Bordeaux mixture has the effect of a complete sanitary measure in con trolling apple diseases. THE CARE OF STRAWBERRY PLANTS. At the meeting of the Tennessee State Horticultural Society, in Nash ville, January 25, 1921, Mr. E. N. Keith, an experienced strawberry grower of Dayton, Tennessee, gave out the following good advice: First, it is advisable to buy your plants from a good reliable nursery man or grower of strawberries who has first year plants and not mixed with other varieties grown on newly cleared land and it is also important that the plants which you procure are grown in the same zone or lati tude in which you expect to grow strawberries. It is advisable to set the plants about 18 inches apart in the row and the rows 3 1-2 to 4 feet apart, in this way it takes about 6,000 plants to the acre. It is nec essary that when the plants begin to make runners that they be kept turn ed with the row, they should be plowed from four to six times, de pending on the season, and hoed as often as it is necessary to keep down the grass and weeds. The second year requires much less cul tivation than the first year. Growers in our section have found it to be profitable to fertilize the first year 2 ten, that is 2 per cent nitrogen to 10 per cent phosphate. It is pos sible that some here would like to know something of the proceeds which have been procured by some of the growers out of strawberries. In 1919, W. H. Burton, of Sale Creek, raised 267 crates of aroma which sold for $1600. He raised the berries on an acre and a quarter of land. J. N. Barger on one-fifth of an acre last year produced and sold 142 crates of berries which brought $615.20, sold plants for $252.90, mak ing a total of $868.10. Klondike and aromas have proven the most profitable varieties for our section and we have practically eliminated all other varieties. NICOTINE SULPHATE CHECKS APPLE LEAFHOPPERS. The apple leafhopper, a destruc- •five insect that occurs in nearly every state of the Union, may be materially checked by a single spraying with 40 per cent nicotine sulphate in the proportion of one to 1,500, combined with soap, ac cording to the Bureau of Entomology of the United States Department of Agriculture. The solution should be applied against the first-brood nymphs. The same treatment made three or four weeks earlier is ef fective against the rose leafhopper, though this species is seldom in jurious enough to justify a special application. The apple leafhopper causes seri ous injury to apple nursery stock by extracting the plant juices from the terminal leaves. As a conse quence the leaves gradually become undersized and fail to function nor mally, thereby retarding the growth of the trees. The rose leafhopper feeds on the lower leaves and pro duces white or yellow spots on them. COVER-CROPS HELP CONTROL MOISTURE. The time of sowing the cover- crop is very largely a matter of judg ment. It depends almost entirely upon soil moisture conditions. One of the chief objects of the cover crop is to assist in controlling the moisture content of the soil during late summer and early fall. If there are large amounts of moisture in the soil during this period, there is dan ger of wood development continuing so long that it goes into winter only partially matured, and is very likely to winter kill. Reducing the quan tity of moisture in the soil tends to hasten maturity and avoid unfavor able conditions. In a season in which there is heavy rainfall or a probability of heavy rainfall during August and September, a rapidly growing cov er crop becomes an effective means of reducing the moisture content. In wet seasons, the cover crop should be sown comparatively early; in dry seasons, late sowing is best. Another important purpose of the cover crop is to add vegetable mat ter to the soil. Without the cover crop, unless considerable quantities of barnyard manure were applied, the orchard soil would soon becomes depleted of its vegetable matter de stroying its tilth and making the plant food much less readily avail able. A cover crop should produce considerable vegetable matter. In seasons of drought, it is well to have the seed in the ground during late July or early August, ready to be gin growth as soon as soil moisture conditions will permit. Rapid grow ing crops are usually preferred to slow ones. For special purposes there are times when the slow grow ing crop may be more advantageous. Kinds of Crops. Cover crops also increase the ni trogen content of the soil. Only leguminous cover crops, such as vetch, peas, and clover, are capable of doing this. Cover crops are, therefore, classified into leguminous or food-supplying and non-legum- inous or non-food supplying, ac- BEAUTIFUL BATHING CAPS These are caps wfiich usually sell for 50 cents and they are worth it, but we have just made a deal with the factory and will sell the entire lot for TWENTY-FIVE CENTS if you will cut out this ad and bring it to our store with you. be Better come early as this offer will withdrawn after ten days. We Guarantee Everything We Sell and Our Service Must Please You. CITY DRUG STORE J. w. CRAWFORD, Prop. PHONE 210 DALTON, GA. The Four Points of Refrigerator Supremacy We are showing a complete line of splendidly made refrigerators—ranging in price upward from $25.00 to $75.00 Made in. one of the world’s largest refrig erator plants, every one of these boxes, regard less of size and price, offers the four points of supremacy shown in the corners of this advertisement. Come in today—and see them. Leonard-McGhee Furn. Co. cording to their ability to add nitro gen to the soil. Some crops live through winter and are called hardy covers; others kill with frost and are designated as tender or non-hardy covers. Hardy covers make some growth in spring before they are plowed un der and therefore often increase the amount of vegetable matter return ed to the soil. Some hardy cover crops are not as efficient in holding the snow on the orchard as some of the non hardy crops. Hairy vetch: food-supplying; hardy; makes rapid growth in spring, adds large amounts of nitro gen; is slow to catch in a dry sea son; makes slow growth in fall; is low and does not hold snow as well as some of the other crops; and the cost of seed is high. Field peas: one of the best food supplying crops; tender; makes a heavy growth; especially valuable when mixed with some other crop which provides support; but is rath er high-priced. Soy beans: food-supplying; more tender than field peas, but stand up better after frost. Rye: the best non-food-supplying crop; hardy cover; does not make as-much growth as oats in the fall, but stands up somewhat better dur ing the winter. Oats: non-food-supplving; tender; extensively used; comes quickly when sown; makes a good growth; and stands up fairly well during the winter. Barley: possesses about the same merits as oats; adds slightly more vegetable matter and is preferred by some growers. Millet: similar to oats, but less hardy and does not stand up as well but does not use as much moisture as oats. Buck-wheat: non-food-supplying; tender, makes good catch; produces large amounts of vegetable matter; dnd leaves soil in fine condition. Handling Cover-Crops. The soil should be fitted the same as for sowing ordinary field crops. The amount of seed to be sown for the various crops is somewhat in excess of that used in ordinary field culture. It is better to have the cov er too thick rather than too thin. The expense of seed will be slightlv increased but a denser growth will result—which will stand up better and hold more snow. These amounts may be considered as indicating the quantity of seed to be used for an acre: hairy vetch, 1 bushel; field peas, 2 bushels; soy beans, 1 to iy> bushels; rye, l J /> to 2 bushels; oats, 2 to 2% bushels; mil let, 1 to 1% bushels; barley, 1% to 2 bushels; buckwheat, 1% bushels. Fertilization of the Orchard. There is no other factor of or chard management that is so little understood, and about which less definite information can be given than orchard fertilization. Orchard position and treatmeiit, that no hard and fast rule can be made. It is soils differ so much in their com- largely a matter of each grower de termining for himself what is the limiting factor in the production and then bringing that factor up to the normal. The limiting factor may not be a deficiency in any element of plant food, but one of cultivation or lack of vegetable matter in the soil. On ordinary soils and unless other crops' are being grown, an orchard will not need fertilization until the bearing age is reached. If other crops are grown the equivalent of the plant foods removed should be returned to the soil. Heavily bear ing orchards on lighter soils will usually need fertilizers sooner than those on heavier soils. This not only applies to the initial applica tion, but as the orchard grows the lighter soils will require heavier and more frequent applications. T&e food supply of orchards on heavy soils is more dependent upon keep ing the soil in good tilth so that the plant food which is usually quite abundant may become available. With the average grower, the ap plication of a nitrogenous fertilizer, the incorporation of vegetable mat ter into the soii, and keeping up a good tilth, are undoubtedly the op erations of most concern. More often than is usually thought lack of nitrogen is a limiting factor in fruit production. Its deficiency is indicated by short annual growths, and an unhealthy or yellowish green appearance of the leaves. In using nitrogen, however, care must be taken not to apply excessive amounts as this will tend to produce excess ive wood growth and decrease the color of the fruit. Stable manure is one of the most commonly used orchard fertilizers- It chiefly supplies nitrogen an should be supplemented by other materials if it is to be used econ omically. Where leguminous cover crops a* 6 used, the amount cf nitrogen ferf * izer and manure may be materia 1 reduced, and in some cases e'en omitted. It should be rc-membere that one of the chief advantages o manure is that it supplies consider able vegetable matter to the so • This is even more important t an the plant food which if furnis es. No matter how much plant foo 15 in the soil, the trees will be una ® to profit by it unless the sod contains organic matter. The 1 thing to do in the orchard * 1 seems to be suffering from la c ’ food, is to see that the >1 ' s supplied with organic matter. ® cultivation is also important, less the soil is well cultivate'• ^ best conditions are not gi'en rendering available the pJ niu . 0 already in the soil. Good t> should, therefore, precede !he plication of fertilizers. If the orchard shows of lack of plant food, suppb etable matter by means of the c ^ er crop or barnyard manure, an( corporate it into the soil b> ough tillage; then if the o re does not respond properly it lS s ^ enough to begin artificial fer 1 tion.