Newspaper Page Text
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r * ■■ ■ -
FORSYTH, OA.
OflJdal Orpan of Monroe County.
BY McGINTY A CABANI88.
Superintendent Stump says that tho
fide of emigration is turning toward
Curoof
__
The port of the Board of Health
for New York City for the past year
•hows that it wan the healthiest since
1877.
Women are being substituted for
nen in the New York stores. Stewart’s
Did establishment has employed 1500
men. The number is to be cut down
to 200, womc n being employed in
their placf:
Of the American railways now in the
hands of receivers, three attained that
condition in 1888, four in 1889, live in
1890, fourteen in 1891, twenty-seven
in 1892 and more thun eighty iu 1893.
Tie «curities represented aggregate
over $2,000,000,000.
The eoneusHion periments for
rain-making were not wholly lost.
Professor Hazeu, of tho Weather
Bureau, who watched their effects, is
convinced that they, in some instances,
served to prolong the drought. They
may yet be utilized to break up exces
bj vc rains.
A syndicate of farmers and dealers
in butter lias bceu formed in Nor¬
mandy, France, to wage war against
the fraudulent sale of oleomargarine!
as pure butter. They have petitioned
for a law to compel makers of butter
wubstitut to give all such compounds
a totally different color from butter.
Mr. Melons, the African explorer, is
of tho opinion that the native races
now scattered over a large extent of
Mftshonalaml, where there are rained
mih! ancient gold workings, are de
Hconded from a commercial people
who somo three thousand years ago
penetrated from southern Arabia tc
Mash feidaml. I—
Iu the Opinion of many, the religious
tales of A. L. O. E. are tho best Sun¬
day-school stories in tho language.
8’he initials stood for “A Lady of Eng¬
land,” and her name was Miss Char
lotteo Maria Tucker. The announce¬
ment of hor death will bring regret to
ft largo number of people who have
been interested and helped by her
books.
■ro is Homethumjgdomnly funny
Turn duty of
tho United States agent at the Priby
lov Islands. It is to bo present on
every occasion when seals nro killed
by the employes of tho company
licensed to tako 7,500 skins a year.
Tho agent sees tho killing done, and
counts tho skins as thoy are delivered
to tho ship that brings them to San
Francisco. Tho killing is a cold¬
blooded and almost revolting perform¬
ance, since it is ordinarily done by
baud, and tho victims ure often very
tame.
Chicago is about to establish an in¬
stitution, announces the Atlanta Jour¬
nal, that will put a stop to mortgage
sharks, aud to usurious pawnbrokers.
The poor in all our largo cities who
are obliged to borrow mouey for ne
eessities by pawning their personal
property are charged excessive inter¬
est on these loans. With the estab¬
lishment of the “People's Pawnbrok¬
ers,'' Chicago will tako tho initiative
in one of the best measures ever adopt¬
ed by a municipality. Rome, Padua,
Naples, Florence, tho Netherlands,
Brussels and Madrid have pawnshops
of this character that have been run¬
ning successfully for years. It is said
the best existing city pawnshops is that
of tho “Assistance Publique” at Paris.
This institution loans annually $10,
000,000. At the various institutions
mentioned, the rate of interest is from
*ix per cent, to twelve—never above
the latter figure. The experiment will
be closely watched in Chicago, and
doubtless many other cities will follow
this example.
Tlie Railroad Gazette gives statis¬
tics of tho new ears and locomotives
built in the United States during the
year 1893, from which it appears that
in engine and passenger cars the re¬
cord. as compared with previous years,
is-not so bad as was to have been ex¬
pected ; but the number of new freight
cars has fallen off from 98,126 in 1892
to 50,082 in 1893. The statistics are
gathered from the principal manufac¬
turers throughout the country, but
do not include railroad companies’
shops, and they are summarized as
follows: Locomotives built in 1893,
1958; in 1892, 2026. Passenger cars
in 1893, 1980; iu 1892. 2195. The
fifty thousand freight ears make au
addition of only about four per cent,
to the total stock of freight ears iu
the country, though in capacity the
addition is much larger, the new curs
being built to carry twenty to thiity
tons, while the average capacity of all
cats in service is much less. The busi¬
ness is now- very dull, and e
in passenger c<
nf which wtre buiii early in tuc year
f* fail
THE MONROE ADVERTISER, FORSYTI QA-, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1894.-EIGHT PAGES.
Japan has acquired the political
crisis along with the other feature# 4
E can civilization.
A writer in Longman's Magarr •.
fears that “in the great American L >
moeracy great men have ceased to be
and can never more arise.”
Recent census figures show that the
population of the city of Washington
has increased 50,000 during the past
year. This is a noticeable increase,
observes the Detroit Free Press, when
it is considered that the National
Capital is not a business centre * j
The shako has become a thing ol
the past in tho French army, It has
lingered only in tho garrison of Paris.
The shako was born in Hungary, and
dethroned the cocked hat. It has as
Burned many shapes, all of them ugly;
but it has been worn in so many fam
on s battles, and depicted in so many
military pictures that tho flavor ot
history attaches to it.
The purchase by the Asters of the
entire issue of United States bonds
known us the Cherokee Strip bond*,
for $5, 1 00,00b created a great deal of
interest in Wall street, declares tho
New York Advertiser, where it is gen¬
erally considered as an indication that
real estate in tho metropolis has
reached a figure beyond the valuation
placed upon it by theAstors for profit¬
able investment The bonds pay four
per cent., and mature inside of five
years.
“While in Germany the people are
just learning how many good things
can bo made from our cornrneal,”
states tho New York Post, “in Eng¬
land they are discovering how good
our cranberry is when properly
cooked. Heretofore the English have
not taken to it kindly, which is not
wonderful if it be true that they have
always cooked it in tin and poured it
into metal dishes. Cooked in poree
lain and served in china, the tart sauco
hoc quite a different flavor.”
One of the most peculiar cases ever
reported in legal annals is that recent¬
ly decided by Justice Chitty in Eng¬
land. A widow, Mrs. Cnlloner, whoso
husband died many years ago, was en¬
titled to certain property while she re¬
mained a widow. After her husband’s
death she began wearing male attire
and called herself Henry Neville Smith.
After a few months of her widowhood
there was a marriage solemnized be¬
tween herself ami another person. Sho
has asserted recently that she was the
bridegroom in that marriage, and that
a worn 1 1 ‘ 1 1 u w as th e bride.
f iioTrioeh' iccording to the register,
however, bore the name w'hioli rightly
belonged to the widow, and the bride¬
groom appeared to be one James Stan¬
ley. Mrs. Cullener’s story was that
the pretended marriage was merely a
sham, in order to make her creditors
believe that she had no property, in
consequence of the ending of her
widowhood. The strangely mixed story
was argued before the judge,who final¬
ly concluded that the w idov. r had really
married ono James Stanley although
uo such person has been discovered.
Says the New Ocleans Picayune!
“Now* that the record of business fail¬
ures during 1893 is available, somo
very remarkable facts are brought to
light. In the first jxilace, according to
Bradstreet’s, the tot.il business failures
during the past year amounted to an
increase of fifty-one per cent, over
the previous year, the largest increase
as well as the greatest total for a
single year on record. The liabilities
were correspondingly large, but, as
usual iu panic years, the assets bear a
larger proportion to the liabilities
than is usually the case. The failures
are greatest iu the central Western
States, and were heavy in tiie Eastern
and Middle States, large on the Pacific
coast, and comparatively light in the
South. In four Sonthern States the
total failures for the year were actually
smaller than during the previous year,
these four States being Louisiana,
Florida, Alabama aud Mississippi.
Louisiana showed only ninety-six fail¬
ures, against 116 during 1892, which
is a remarkable showing considering
the financial panic and the monetary
pressure which prevailed here during
the summer. Not only was the total
number of failures light, but the show¬
ing of assets and liabilities was small
considering the business contraction.
The total liabilities of failing traders
were a trifle more than a million ol
dollars, the bulk of which a few insti¬
tutions were responsible for, so that,
eliminating a couple of large failures,
the individual liabilities of the bulk ol
the failing traders were insignificant.
The reason of such small business
casualties in the Southern States
named is not hard to seek. There has i
been, inflate for values instance, of no ^disposition in this to •
recent years
sectiou, and poor crops, coupled with
unsatisfactory prices, for several years
in succession, forced upon ihe people
a policy of rigid economy and con
servatism which left little room for
excessive and sudden financial pres
sure. The immunity ol the 8onth
from financial disaster has turned the
attention of investors in this direction,
and, consequently, placed our people
ifc a position to profit by the fint
Great powers everywhere, the Lon¬
don Times notes, are straining their
resources in preparing for expected
war.
England has decided that it cannot
prevent the landing there of European
anarchists. It is hoped by the San
Francisco Examiner that the auar
ekists will find this out. At present
they seem to think America their only
refuge.
A statistician estimates that the land
JO the United States is worth $12,500,
000,000; the cattle, $5,500,000,000;
the houses, $14,200,000,000; the furn¬
iture, etc., $7,200,000,000; the rail¬
roads, $10,000,000,000; the shipping,
$300,000,000; the total wealtli per in¬
habitant, $1,050.
Paper yarn is now being substituted
for other cheap stock iu carpets, and
it is said to be superior to “shod iy”
and “mango” both in cost and strength,
Of course, the paper is used only in
the body and on the underside of the
texture, and not on the upper surface.
It is said that 55 per cent, of a carpet
may be made of paper without a cus¬
tomer suspecting it.
A canal connecting the Elbe and
Danube has been projected, It
would start near Vienna, near Korn
nenburg, extend 133 miles northwest¬
ward toward Budweis, and from the
latter point the channels of tho Mol
dan and Elbe would be “canalized 1 *
for 3 88 J. miles. The greatest differ¬
ence in level along the route is 1,312
feet. It is estimated that 80,000,000
florins ($32,000,000 would cover the
cost.
» Tho New York Sun thinks that
Americans should be interested in the
announcement, made the other day,
of the election of Mr. Emil Frey to
the office of President of Switzerland.
Mr. Frey emigrated to the United
States while yet a mere boy, and in
1864 was a farm hand under an as¬
sumed name in Illinois, At President
Lincoln’s first call for volunteers he
enlisted as a private, and faithfully
served until the close of hostilities.
He participated in several important
battles and endured some months’ im¬
prisonment in Libby Prison. After
the war he returned to Switzerland,
where he worked as a journalist until
his talents distinguished him among
the public men of his country. He
w as appointed Minister to the United
States in 1882,
Tho “life” which somo derelicts on
the ocean poss r -—truly remarkable,
had One floated was repdj V? “fiong ago which
t Tfe::: i mil es; b ut
"one ny the record of the
schooner Fannie E. Wolston, of Bath,
Me., which was abandoned on October
30, 1891, and is still “a menace to any
vessel that may encounter what is left
of her. According to the records of
the Hydrographic Office she has
drifted 0,000 miles, and she has been
reported twenty-two times, When
last seen she was not far from the spot
where her crew left her. If the
Kearsage comes across her she will
make short w'ork of the w aterlogged
hulk. It can bo little satisfaction to
the men who deserted the Wolston to
know that more than two yeai's after¬
ward she is still afloat.
The town of Northumberland, sit¬
uated on the Susquehanna River,
Pennsylvania, has a peculiar industry
—that of coal fishing. It seems that
the bed of the steam in this neighbor¬
hood is thickly lined with eoal which
has been washed down from the vari¬
ous colliery centres, and prevented
fr om going much beyond Northum¬
berland, owing to the existence of a
large dam. The mineral is raised at
low water. The “fishermen” use two
flat-bottomed rowboats of considerable
size and a scoop netting. They stand
in one skiff and place the eoal as it ig
raised in the other, first freeing it
from silt. Nearly 4000 tons of the
fuel were taken from the river at
Northumberland last year, and sold at
an average price of $2.20 per ton.
In a recent report upon the condi
tion of the streets of Loudon, au Eug
0
... lsli . . rather
engineer gn es some start
ling information. He says that many
of the streets are paved with wood
blocks, laid on a stratum of concrete
which forms sort of nr.-L ( ... *
street. , rp, Ibis • concrete has i become
very hard, so that it is quite capable
of sustaining the traffic without the
'Uitmort of the earth beneath it • ’ auff
it . seems that m course of years the
soil, which is loose aud sott, has settled
away from beneath it. so that, for ex
ample, iu Oxford street it was found,
m making - some repairs that a man
could crawl in between the underside
of the concrete arch forming the sub
stratum of the pavement and the -ur
face of the soil under it. The
between the concrete aud the soil is
found to be filled with a mixture of
gas. which has escaped from the
street mains and air; and if the mix
ture should attain explosive propor
tion>. which might easily happen, a
short circuit of an electric current or
an incautious excavation, might result
in blowing the street into the air.
-—-—
R is proposed by a Maine man to
make hcor* Cur uyange best- of
Wk state f m.
ftterestiki Callings for tie Perusal of
tie Casral Reader.
The 00,000 bond of the First Na
tional bfink of Cartersville as a state
deposito ty has been approved by the
governop, -
tional The b^nk. organization is the of absorbing the First mat- Na
now
ter of interest to a large number of
Brunswickians.
* * *
The garner has reappointed Hon.
Reuben p. Mobley as a member of the
board of j directors of the Experiment
station at Griffin.
Ilosweii wants telegraphic communi¬
cation witlk the outside world and a
Btrong ptkition will be presented to
Superintendent J. B. Trees, of the
Western for the es|alishment jCnion Telegraph of office Company,
1 an in the
town. ^ |<
* * *
Thego t nor has offered a reward
of $150 i I'the arrest of William Nel
son, who willed Laura Nelson in An
gusta sev I U ward* days ag*. He has also
offered a U of $100 for the arrest
barn of the of imjf j| J. ndiaries Rodgers, who burned Barnesville. the
at
M . M, tlurnishings, jtammon k Co., large dealers
in genth' of Rome, with a
branch Infuse in Anniston, have made
benefit an assignment of their of creditors. all their stock The for liabili¬ tho
ties are ir the neighborhood of $40,
000 and he assets nearly twice that
amount, '■! aptain R. G. Clark is as
signee.
The C« atrai railroad will receive
bids for t , repairing of the Savannah
and Atlaj ta division of its line, the
work to b paid in receiver’s certifi¬
cates. T1 is road is badly in need of
repairs, sw4pt it is said, the September storm
having llid. away a great portion of
its road The work will be re¬
building i* I many localities rather than
repairing.
The committee appointed of citizens and coun
cilrnen to draw r up a new
charter foil the city of Augusta, met
for organization recently. The char¬
ter will be) a brief and liberal docu¬
ment. It ps to be finished by the 1st
of June anti submitted to the people.
If carried »t the election it will be
presented (to tho legislature for en¬
actment. ,
Mr. William s Hooks,
one of the old¬
est and must prominent citizens of
Americas, $ied a few days ago, aged
seventy-sbe »years. He was for years a
leading merchant and banker in Amer¬
icas, identified with several of
the best h fuses in years past. He
leaves a cu xidorable estate and $10,
000 insure- ehiiLen. ‘0 / 4icy to his wife and
grown
Three (u 7:
who la'5 RmHiRH 1
sesr;; of the wa^ants
are several blue marks
and the word “married.” That ex¬
plains it all. They have taken upon
themselves new' husbands since the last
pension warrants were issued. They
are Mrs. Cynthia McPherson, of Cor
roll county; Mi’s. Nancy Gillepsie, of
Banks, and Mrs. E. B. Gaddy, of
Baldwin.
W. Oakley Wood, aesthete, profes¬
sional gentleman, ultra-swell society
man, pretentious banker, man of let¬
ters and a smooth swindler of the Lord
Beresford type, who mulcted the peo¬
ple of Griffin, Ga., out of several
thousand dollars three years and a
half ago, has been fodnd at Fort
Worth, Tex. In all probability Ii8
will be unmolested, ns all parties in¬
terested in his apprehension and pros¬
ecution seem to have abandoned the
case.
An application for a charter for the
“Country Bank Stock Security Com¬
pany,” with a capital stock of $500,
000, has been filed in the clerk’s office
at Atlanta. The incorporators are
Messrs. W. S. Witham, E. P. Cham¬
berlin, E. W. Marsh, W. A. Hemphill,
J. A. McCord, Forrest Adair and E.
W. Martin, all well known business
men. The charter asks that the com¬
pany be allowed to increase the capital
stock to $1,000,000. Ten per cent, is
paid up.
* * *
J. R. Murdock, agent of the Central
railroad at Pooler, nine miles from
Savannah, has been arrested on a
charge of larceny after trust. Some
time in December he sent a carload
of brick from Pooler to Pembroke,
collected $7 freight, marked the way
bill deadhead and requested the Pern
broke agent not to return it in his ac
counts. He afterwards explained how
^ of made the road from m S20 this to S80 way. a month The Pem- out
broke agent, B. EL Getsinger, kept
quiet for a while, but finally gave the
Bna P away with the above result.
* * *
Tii e la&t legislature passed an act re
a Hiring the board of commissioners of
p lovd conntv to make a list of all tax
iefaulters since 1877, and thereby be
prevented from voting. Judge Max
Meyerhardt, clerk of the board, has
been hard at work and reports that
th(?re will be as manv rtg 3<000 de f au i t .
e rs. Of this number, many have died
or moved out of the county, but as
mai *y a * 1,500 are still citizens and
snimosed voters These 1.500 will not
fallowed to vote without paving up
their taxes, and the result will cut a
considerable figure in future elections. !
* * *
1
The citizens of Milledeeville bv thei*
v otes have declared that the Middle
Georgia Military and Agriculturalco
ig to be^ebuiirLd an additional
building will be erected to be used as
a barracks for the cadets. The insur
an <*e money will replace the old build
^.Oo-Hn bTndTto ^rect life barracks. !
When the council ordered an election
for bonds the peop e went to work
with a will and the election was car¬
ried v i’.bont a dissenting vote. The;
result was celebrated by w torchlight}
1 if***--
, Af A lew „ a 8° t tiie „ city . Of Chatta
| QO °g a tKJu™“fcoiV" paid into the treasury of the
^ hattanooga. jj
i Property in Chattanooga Georgia owned a lot of
j R* e Western and Atlantic in connection rail
roR< ^» an( I several strips of it were
taken by the city to used for
streets, Georgia claims about $5,000
the of the property thus
taaen - Colonel Little was appointed
against to }°°k the city, this and other claims
and has succeeded in
collecting $1,000 which was paid into
treasury as above stated.
Mr. J, H. Horn, the sheriff of Web
ster county, Georgia, was arraigned at
Columbus a few days ago before United
States Commissioner G. E. Thomas,
Jr., on the charge of obstructing the
I nited States mail. A few days ago
Sheriff Horn held a Columbus South
01 n P Avenger t ra iff tour hours atWes
} on * ^e Columbus Southern is due
tie state and county taxes, and Sheriff
Horn claims that he was obeying in
sections of Comptroller ‘General
” n 8 bt - Unfortunately, the train he
Commissioner Jacked earned Thomas United placed States him mail,
un¬
Jer a of f 200 for his appearance
a * ^ n *ted States Court. He easily
8 ave ^ le Uond.
In prosecuting a counterfeiting case
at Savannah recently, Captain Forsyth,
of the government service, came into
the; possession of one of the most
unique specimens of counterfeit bills
ever turned out in the United States.
The bill was intended to represent a
ten-dollar greenback, ami it is fixed up
in such a shape as to deceive the most
exjxert. It is curiously and wondor
fully made, being a composition of six
sbinplnstere, old ten-cent bills, con¬
federate paper money and other odds
and ends, so ingeniously wrought to¬
gether that only a close and careful
inspection will bring to light anything
wrong about it. This bill will be for¬
warded to the department at Wash¬
ington and will occupy one of the
most conspicuous places there upon
exhibition.
* * *
Professor David C. Barrow, who for
the past fifteen years has been a pro
lessor in the Univejsity of Georgia,
has severed his connection with th'at
institution. His action has caused the
deepest regret among his friends in
Athens. The faculty and every class
in college have passed resolutions urg¬
ing the distinguished scholar to with¬
draw his resignation. Professor Bar
row is regarded all over the state, and
especially' by the young Georgians who
have received the benefits of his in¬
struction, as one of the most compe¬
tent and successful teachers in the
state. In handing in his resignation
Professor Barrow was of the opinion
that a change of work would do him
good, and, perhaps, be more congenial
and beneficial to him.
The case agaii 1 * 17 " 1 ^- Hinkle,
urged with tb ch! IetI niu rder of Dr. J j’
orsham, w^s at Americus Hast
t in„ an crj(;ntS^^
grounds, chief among wdiich wertTthe
sickness of Dr. J. B. Hinkle and his
wife, important witnesses for Dr. A,
B. Hinkle; the illness of another im
portant witness, and the difficulty of
getting a fair trial for the prisoner
just after the conviction of his father
and the excited and prejudiced condi
tion of the public mind. Judge Fish
granted the continuance asked for, and
the trial will, therefore, come up about
June.10th. A motion for a new trial
for Dr. J. B. Hinkle will be made at
once, and his counsel claim that they
will present sufficient grounds for ob¬
taining a new trial.
Comptroller General Wright, after
carefully examing the opinion of At¬
torney General Terrell on the expanses
of th|^ Way cross campaign, decided to
approve the warrants and so notified
Quartermaster General West. That
officer has secured the comptroller’s
approval to two warrants which were
then cashed at the treasury. Both
these warrants were in favor of the
Savannah, Florida and Western rail¬
road. One was for $229.64, and was
to pay the railroad fare of the soldiers
transported from Savannah to the
border line. The other was for $278.46,
and was for transporting soldiers from
Waycross to Folkston, and from Folk
ston to Waycross. The bills for the
horses used by the soldiers have not
yet come in, but they will come within
the next few days, as will the other
bills made during the progress of the
campaign against the sluggers.
Central Rcoreai»i*o.tion.
The New York 'Times has the follow
ing interesting news item relating to
the prospects of speedy organization
of the system of the Central Railroad
of Georgia :
“The affairs of the Cetral Railway
and Banking Company of Georgia have
been put iuto shape for a speedy re
organization as soon as circumstances
shall warrant such an attempt Gen
c™* Samuel Thomas, President Oak
man of the T. F. Ryan began negoti
ations last autumn to bring about bar
mony between the conflicting interests,
work was helped along by the
failure of the Hollins reorganization
plans and the reversal of Judge Speer s
decision disfranchising the majority
stock of the Georgia Central, which
was owned by the Richmond Terminal
Company.
An agreement ha3 now been signed
by which the floating debt has been
consolidated and the collateral by
which it D secured, pooled and depos
ited frith the Mercantile Trunt Compa
nv, It is understood that the new
pj an G f reorganization $13,000,000 will of provide debenture for
au j sgue Q f
bonds bearing not more than 6 per
Cent ' intereBt > which wiU be used m
taking up this floating debt and for
other purposes of the reorganization.
when Babv was sick, we gave her castori*.
When she was a Child, she cried for eastern.
When 6he'became Mias, she clung to Castoria.
Wfeen sb« had Chffdrpn. she gave them Owtoria
TRUFFLE TRAFFIC
GATHERING THE ESCULENT
TUBER FOR TABLE USE.
What Truffles Are—Tricks of Adul¬
teration—Hogs ami Dogs Trained
in France to Hunt Them
Where They Grow.
D I Henry + RING „ x* Ramie, scarce !-,• seasons, in a Paris , writes ... let
very costly in relation to the uutri
raeut supplied. Still they are aroma
tic, agreeable and fashionable foods,
though they ’ are rather difficult of
<tigMtion -
The export of truffles from Franco
has of late years assumed very large
proportion. I nfortunately fox' lovers
of these delicious tubers* like most
other comestibles, they have not es¬
caped adulteration, and the tricks of
those who tamper with the necessaries
aiid luxuries of the table. The truf¬
fles of export and commerce are com
yosed of o'ld cloth bought of the rag
gatherers and made iuto pulp, and
afterward hardened, or, if the mer¬
chant is really conscientious, of dis¬
eased potatoes. The bluish tint of the
sicklv vegetable is said to be easily
changed for the genuine truffle color
by u little chemical sleighPof hand,
and when the desired effect is ob¬
tained, the imposter is carefully
shaped and rolled in a soil prepared
for the purpose, much after the fash¬
ion confectioners employ in coating
almonds with sugar. Thus manipula¬
ted, the homely but. diseased potato
becomes the aristocratic truffle.
If this practice is really carried out
to any great extent it is not surprising
that persons who taste the supposed
delicacy for the first time aver that
they do not find anything extraordi¬
nary in truffles. That truffles are fraud¬
ulently dealt w ith, and that sham truf¬
fles, when cut up in pieces in pie s am
other comestibles, are freely used Cfi n
hot be gainsaid. The gray and almost
valueless tubers are darkened mu
mixed with scraps of the Perigord tc
give them something like a propel
taste, and whole truffles are often ar
tistically stuffed with clay to increase
their size and weight, while walnut
rinds and a variety of nuts are also
used for the real article. Thus truf
ties arc no exception to the category
of mundane vanities.
The truffle hunting or collecting
season may be said to open with Octo
ber and concludes with the end of the
year, though with a view to future
production it is thought better not tc
disturb the ground after the end ol
November. Truffles (from the Latin
tuber), like mushrooms, belong to the
great family of the fungi, but are u
distinct and very peculiar genus. They
are very eryptogamic plants, and sub¬
terranean in their habits, their posi¬
tion beneath the soil varying from one
to two inches to two feet in depth.
They have neither root, stem nor leaf,
are of different shades of color,
from light brown to black. They are
more 0 jJ^s globular in form, and
knotty or warty, and covered with a
ekin whicl1 forms a sorfc of network of
serpentine veins.
Truffles grow in pastures and on
°P en downs far away from any trees,
as as under their shade. They
prefer loose soils and affect the neigh
borhotxl of trees, especially oak, beecn
aud chestnuts, though they do not
grow in auy large numbers in thick
^N>ods.
Truffles are found in most temperate
parts of the world, and are fairly com¬
mon in central and southern Europe,
particularly in France, where the
Poitou and Perigord districts are
most prolific, aud in Italy, wrhore Pied¬
mont carries off the palm. Algeria
also contributes a quantity. They are
found in various parts in the southern
districts of England, but they are by
uo means as common as they once
were.
French truffles are decidedly supe¬
rior to those of any other country, but
they vary in flavor according to local¬
ity. In the northeast of France they
arc grayish in color and nearly taste¬
less, further south, in the Isere and
the Gard, they have a musky taste,
which, is stronger in those growui in
Savoy; in Burgundy they are smaller,
dry and have a flavor of rosin; but the
Quercy or Perigord truffle—somewhat
angular in form, firm and marked with
yellowish streaks—is the kind dear to
gourmets. Perigord pie is famous
throughout the civilized world, and
without the subtle flavor imported by
the presence of the Perigord tuber
pate de foie gras would lose more than
half its value.
Everyone has probably heard of
truffle-h anting dogs, that is, doge
trained for the purpose of finding the
tubers, as a pointer or setter does game,
by scent. There is no special kind oi
dog used for this purpose. It is a mere
matter of training; but, as a matter
of course, the progeny of animals
which have been used for the purpose
are more easily trained than others.
In France the truffle dogs seem to be
called “Loulous,” a term which is sug¬
gestive of an English cry in the cours¬
ing field, when the greyhounds are
slipped at a hare. The method of
“breaking” them is to give them for a
time pieces of truffles every morning
before they are allowed to partake of
any other food. After a certain period,
when their appetite for .truffles in¬
creases, pieces are hidden in the
ground, and they are made to find
them. Thus they are gradually taught
their business, though it often takes
tvs ong as eighteen months before a
dog becomes skilled in the practical
art.
In some parts of France, Poitou and
Perigord, pigs are trained for truffle
hunting, and they have bettar noses
than dogs for this work, probably be¬
cause the truffle is naturally more es¬
teemed as an article of food by the pig
than the dog, and they can do quite as
long a day's work as the most lasting
hound. Still, they as rarely- attempt
to eat their quarry as a pointer or set¬
ter attempts to eat killed game, the
trained pigs being a superior race oi
porkers. Should, however, one so far
forget himself as to venture on such
no enormity, he is speedily made to
remember himself by the application
s fi ike Iron rod vi the hunter.
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