Newspaper Page Text
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BALLOONS IN WAR.
AIR SHIPS VALl'ARLR IN MI LI.
TAItV OPERATIONS
What Europeans Have Accomplished
—A Halloon as Hlg as a Four
Story llouse United
Mates War Balloons.
r I TO have fully an effective equipped balloon and
corps
ready to take the field in case
Ol f war at a moment’s notice
i« now reg»rd< d by all the groat Kti
ropenn fsewers a a matter of vital im
portanee. Even in the United States
is t {uestiou bein iiscussed with a
great deal of interest. Everything
tends to show that if there is one
branch of modern warfare, or rather,
perhaps, strategy, which is likely to
be watched with keen interest during
the next war it will be that of military
ballooning, It is generally conceded
that Franco nos made tho greatest
strides toward perfection in this line,
though the world at large lias not been
permitted to know the exact results of
its latest experiments. There is a great
deal of secrecy about the establish
merit of Metidon, where the Govern¬
ment Fare d’Aerostation is situated.
France has been and is spending a
great deal of money in perfecting an
absolutely faultless dirigible balloon,
one that can be moved in any direc¬
tion at the will of tho aeronaut irre¬
spective of the direction of tho w ind.
The French experts declare that their
war balloon, the “General Meusmer,”
attaftied a speed of twenty-eight miles
an hour and could be guided with nt
most ease to any given point. How
ever, since no outsiders were allowed
to witness the wonderful performance,
it might bo a trifle exaggerated.
The German Emperor does not pro¬
pose to let his warlike neighbor mon¬
opolize this feature of army equip¬
ment. lb* 1ms just, presented to the
German Society for Promotion of
Aerial Navigation for the advancement
of this science the sum of 50,000
marks. This is to be applied for the
construction and equipment of a giant
balloon. This balloon will be as high
us a four-story houso. ft will bo fif
ty-six feet in diameter ami will con¬
tain not less than 2530 cubic meters of
gas. It will be made of Egyptian
cotton stuff aud will be coated with
vulcanized gum, a substance which is
considered superior to varnish.
A very interesting feature of this
monster balloon will bo tho provision
of u special valve of a now construc¬
tion which will keep tho gas pure for a
longer time and thus sustain tho bal¬
loon for a longer period. It is pro¬
posed to make not less than fifty jour¬
neys within a year und to ascend as
high as possible. An altitude of 33,
000 feet is thought to bo obtainable
by the use of artificial respiration.
More than $2500 will be expended in
purchasing scientific apparatus for
this balloon, which is iuteuded more
for taking observations than for tho
purpose of war.
Aside from this tno German army
lias this spring put in the field as effi¬
cient a balloon corps as that of France,
though, perhaps, not so strong nu¬
merically. At Metz, during tho late
maneuvers, several successful ascen¬
sions wore made which practically
proved tho vast advantage au army
may derive from having these aerial
observatories. A very interesting ex¬
periment was also made to show that
tho balloons can, in an emergency,
supply the want of bridges. A good
sized balloon was supplied with a
large number of ropes dangling from
its side. One of these was seized by
a soldier, who was carried across the
river iu the twinkling of an eye. As
soou as ho had landed ho fastened tho
end of a lino securely, after which
tho balloon Avas hauled forward aud
back, and in less than no time trans¬
ferred a battalion from one sido to
another.
A new air torpedo, to be used in
balloon warfare, is the invention of a
Frenchman, who has disposed of liis
patent to the Russian Government.
Tho inventor claims to bo able to di¬
rect this with as much accuracy as
that of a submarine torpedo. It has
a carrying capacity of nearly 1000
pounds of explosives. The disoharg
ing of these can be made without sub
jectiug the attacking party to any
risks, owing to tho remarkable guid¬
ing power of this aerial cruiser, which
is to strike and glide away with mar¬
velous rapidity either as it emerges
from the clouds or springs unseen
above the smoko of battle to let fall
its missiles of destruction when least
expected. No public experiments have
as yet been made with this living tor
pedo, which, if it is all that the in
venter claims, will prove a most dau
gerous power of destruction. How¬
ever, till a practical test has been
made no one can judge of its merits,
In building the Avar balloon “Gen
oral Myer” for the signal corps of the
Unitod States army the first real step
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: TRANSPORTING gas along the coast.
was taken by the military officials of
this country to advance with the great
avot powers of Europe in this line of
military work. It is modeled after
both the French and English military
balloons and iu mechanical details em
bodies the best features of each. It
resembles the English in the similarity
of material from which the envelope
is made. The system of inflation is
also like that of the English, the hy
drogeu being stored under pressure
within steel cylinders. In the plan of
its suspension gear it is after the
French models.
lbo envelope of the “General Myer”
is apheri?*! in sb*pe, with » eapaoity
THE MONROE ADVERTISER, FORS' PH, GA-, TUJE8DAY, JULY 10, 1894.--
of IS,000 cubic feet, corresponding
with tho ordinary balloon used abroad
for captive ascensions, and having a
lifting power sufficient to carry two
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BALLOON ATTACHMENT FOR GOVERNING
ASCENT AND DESCENT.
men with the necessary signal instru
ments. The envelope is formed of
gold-beaters’ skin, which is especially
ftdapted to this purpose, as it is im
ion8tothe h d n ftnd is
light . The membranes from
which thirt fftbric> gold-beaters’ skin,
is formed are taken from the entrails
of the bullock, each animal furnishing
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THE FIRST UNITED STATES SIGNAL CORPS AVAR BALLOON, THE GENERAL MYER.
one. When sti etched they are from
eighteen to twenty-four inches long
and ten to sixteen inches wide. After
taking the membranes from the
slaughtered bullock they are first
scraped free from fat and soft parts
and salted till needed for use. After
taking them from tho salt they are
first culled, washed and soaked in
fresh water till the salt is taken out.
Then a day or two before using they
ore placed in a vessel containing soft
water, iu which, has been dissolved
some fish glue, which adds to their
adhering qualities when making the
fabric of the envelope.
In making the envelope, says a
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using balloons FOR crossing RIVERS.
correspondent iu the Aeronautics, a
cotton model balloon Avith a neck was
made of the same size as the General
Myer and its surface oiled. This cot
ton bag was then inflated with air by
a blower and the ueck securely fast¬
ened so as to retain the air. The
model Avas kept iu a state of tension
by applying the blower from time to
time as the air under pressure within
leaked through. The model thus fully
inflated was suspended by ropes at
tacked to the neck and to the top or
opposite hole. This suspension per
mitted the balloon model to be turned
j as upon an axis, and thus brought
I every part of its surface in rotation
Avithin easy reach of the operator. A
scaffold framework, ha\-ing a height
nearly equal to the semidiameter of
the model, was placed around
side, or semieircumference, thus pre
senting to the workmen a nearly
vertical surface on which to lay the
membranes. The nice task of placing
the membranes forming the fabric of
the envelope was done by Avomen.
Each membrane was taken from the
water, stretched out upon the surface
of the model, smoothed down by
hand, aud sides or ends, where ir
regular, were cut off by a pair of
blunt-pointed shears, which the women
used most deftly. Being wet and
charged with the solution of fish glue,
the membranes stretched taut over
the surface aud adhered while damp
to the model. The membranes in this
way were placed side by side, the
edges overlapping, until the entire
surface of tho balloon model was
covered with one coherent layer of
the gold beater’s skin. Over this first
I.yer a second and third ivere put, in
like manner, except that the mem
branes iu each alternate were placed
at right angles to the longitudinal
direction of the preceding series.
Over the third layer were placed, from
the top to the neck, long ribbons
about an inch wide, of the same
material, laid in lattice. These rib
lions were made by stretching a layer
of gold-beater’s skin upon a long and
smooth oiled board, and snperimpos
ing thereon five additional layers sac
cessively, and after drying, the fabric,
which resembled parchment, was cut
into narrow strips. These inter
lacing ribbons, or cords, appear as
diamond-shaped figures, increasing in
si/.*- from each pole to the equator,
and strengthen the balloon fabric and
limit its tearing to rents no greater
than about sixteen inches at the
equator, m case the balloon should
come 111 contact with any sharp
pointed object. Over these strength
euing cords three additional layers of
gold beater’s skin were placed similar
to the first three. Around the
top and about the neck an
additional layer was placed to
further strengthen these parts, where
the strain is great. After the fabric
was thus completed the air was pumped
out of the model, the neck of the cot¬
ton bag was separated from that of the
outside fabric and air was blown into
the true balloon envelope between the
skins and the cotton material, gently
separating the skins from the oiled
surface of the cotton model and per¬
mitting the latter to be pulled out
through the neck of the balloon proper,
There remained a translucent globe,
which, except for the latticed ribbons
in diamond-shaped figures, appeared
homogeneous throughout, not the line
of a joint or lap of the thousands of
pieces of which it was formed showing.
In the top of the balloon envelope
Avas now cut a circular opening about
eighteen inches in diameter, into
which the valve ring or thimble was
inserted and seized, and into the thim¬
ble Avas secured the valve. The en¬
velope of the balloon being complete,
it Avas placed Avithiu the netting, the
top of Avhich was secured about tho
valve ring, and upon ropes being at¬
tached to the ring the balloon and net¬
ting Avere hoisted, air was again blown
iuto the balloon and the netting ad¬
justed. After this the balloon Avas
hoisted higher and tho suspension
gear, Avith basket, was attached, after
Avhick came the captive gear—that is,
the cable Avhich holds the balloon when
it ascends. All was perfect aud the
“General Myer” Avas ready for use.
The cable serving to hold the bal¬
loon captive is made of several strands
of steel Avire, having in its center an
insulated wire for telephonic work,
the outside strands acting as return
AA'ires. The balloon, Avith complete
equipment, is now at the Fort Riley
(Kan.) School of Instructions, where
it is being used in instructing the sig¬
nal corps at that post. It has been
pronounced by experts as a master¬
piece in balloon building.
This is not the first time the United
States army has made use of balloons.
During the Civil War the Federal Gov¬
ernment recognized their value for
making observation. In the month
of September, 1861, one of the most
daring aeronauts, La Mountaine, fur¬
nished important information to Gen¬
eral McClellan. His balloon rose from
tbe Northern camp of the Potomac
aud passed above Washington,
The ropes were then cut
and La Mountaine rose to the
height of a mile and a half and found
himself directly over the lines of the
Confederates. There he was able to
perfectly obser\-e their position and
movements. When he had made his
observations he threw out ballast and
rose to a height of three miles, when
an air current carried him in the di¬
rection of Maryland, A\drere he de-
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______1______ burying a balloon.
seended in safety. General McClellan
was so well satisfied with the observa
tions taken taken that through his in
flnence the War Department received
orders causing more balloons to be
provided,
The use of balloons, however, was
discontinued for manv years, but now
it is believed they will be given a per
manent place in the equipment of all
armies. The science of aeronautics
has so advanced, new features being
constantly added, that it is hard to
disbelieve anything claimed by the
enthusiasts in this line. The chances
are that Ave will dispense entirely with
ordinary air,* fieets aud do our lighting in
the The only thiug needed just
now to Snow wh« ear be done witK
these mufeh-talked-cf war nalloons is
to start ij first-class continental war¬
A MnScal Legend of tho Chinese,
arv gnpe^titiona relating notions, the
Accordin’ to their qmeer
Creator of the uniwerse hid eight
Bounds ic thc eart ,h for the expresa
purpose of compelling man to find
them out ,J Qu the P1UU0 principle, it
is preKU edj Juprter, according to
v irgil> ii ro i n flints and boner
in treeg ia order to whet the ardor of
man * 8 iu.histrv to persevere in his
efforts ti rediscover the hidden
treasures. According
to the Celestial idea, the
eight pril ^ tive sounds are hidden in.
gtonep si ]|. s> or various kinds,
the bambio plant, pumpkins, in tho
skins of animals, in certain, earths and
in the air- itself. Anyone who has
ever had tile pleasure (?) of seeing and
listening to a Chinese orchestra will
remember that their musical instru¬
ments were made of all these materials
except the List; and that the combined
efforts of the other seven seemed bet¬
ter calculated to drive the ethereal
sound away than to coax it from the
air, which is really the object of all
‘Chinese naisical efforts. When tlm
baud plays, the naive credulity of the
people, botji old and young, hears in
the thuds of the gongs and the whist¬
ling of the pipes the tones of the eter¬
nal sounds of nature that were origi¬
nally deposited in the various animate
and inaninute objects by the all-wisa
Father.—St. Louis Republic.
Origin of the Mathematical Signs.
The sign of addition is derived from
the initial letter of the word “plus.'*
In making the capital letter it was.
made more and more carelessly until
the top part of the “p” was placed,
near the centre, hence the plus sign
was finally reached.
The sign of substraction was derived
from the word “minus.” The word
was first contracted iuto mus, with a
horizontal line above to indicate the
contraction, which was a printer’s
freak that may be found in almost
any book bearing a date earlier than
the beginning of the eighteenth cen¬
tury. After the lapse of a long period
of time the letters were omitted alto¬
gether, leaving only the short line so
well known to all, thus—.
The multiplication sign was ob¬
tained by changing the plus sign iuto
a character resembling the letter x.
This was done simply because multi¬
plication is but a shorter form of ad¬
dition.
Division was formerly indicated by
placing the dividend above a horizontal
line and the divisor below. In order
to save space in printing, the divi¬
dend was placed to the left and the
divisor to the right, with a simple dot
in place of each.
The radical sign was derived from
the initial letter of the word “radix.’'
The sign of equality is said to have
first been used in the year 1557 by a
sharp mathematican, who adopted it
as a substitute for the words “equal
to.”—St. Louis Republic.
Inoculation Against Snake Bites,
Dr. Calmeth is experimenting on
the introduction of Pasteur’s inocula¬
tion methods to the cure of snake
bites. His idea is that venomous ani¬
mals are unaffected by their own
poison, and that therefore persons
bitten by such animals may be cured
by inoculating them with the blood
of the animal. He has obtained ex¬
cellent effects by inoculating or in¬
jecting viper’s blood into various ani¬
mals. The blood is first treated by
heat, or by chemical agents, such as
hyposulphite of soda. His results
confirm those recently obtained by
M.M. Pkisalix and Bertrand at the
laboratories of the Paris Museum.
A Device to Keep Grapes Fresh.
Glasses such as are shown iu our il¬
lustration are one of the latest schemes
of grape-groAvers in England to keep
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KEEPING GRAPES.
the fruit from drying during the win¬
ter. The jar is made of clear glass,
and, having a wide mouth, water can
easily be added from a small watering
can as required without the trouble of
taking it down or removing the
grapes. The Aveight of the bunch
will press the immersed end of the
stem against the upper side of the bot¬
tle, and so prevent its slipping out.
It is always best to leave about eight¬
een inches of stem beyond the bunch
when the grapes are cut, as otherwise
the berries are apt to crack through —
absorbing too much of the water when
first stored. It is well also to cut off
the immersed end about once in three
weeks to maintain a free passage for
absorption.
(^neer Nest oi the Tontobane.
The oddest of ail birds’ nests is the
lone built by the tontobane, a South
African sonster. It is built of cotton,
and always on the tree producing the
material. In constructing the domi
c * e tke ^ ema ^ e works inside and the
male outside, where he builds a
sentinel box for bis own special use.
He sits in the box and keeps watch or
sings nearly all tbe time, and Avhen
danger comes iu the form of a hawk
or a snake he warns the family, bat
never enters the main nest.—St. Louis
Republic.
Iunoeeaee Abroad.
A lady who was recently returned
from a Mediterranean trip says that,
as the ship was leaving the harbor of
Athens, a well dressed ladv passenger
approached the captain, who was pac
ingthedeck,-andpointin^tothedis- hills
taut covered with snow asked:
“What is that white stuff on the kills,
captain?” “That is snow, madam,”
answered the captain. “Now is it
really ?” remarked the lady; “I
thought so, but a gentleman just told
me it was Greece,”—Argonaut.
UPIJY TX[ 111 PtJIP ufllUjtluUi APR
Authorities Are Powerless to
Qoell the Riots.
THE 3I0BS HAVE THINGS
THEIR OWN WAY.
Six of the World's Fair Build¬
ings Burned by Strikers.
A Chicago special says: The sun
"went down Thursday on by far the
most turbulent and critical day thus
far in the unparalleled railroad strike
and boycott. When it opened there
was a general feeling that its passago
Would go far toward clearing the at¬
mosphere, if, indeed, it did not prac¬
tically lift the embargo on commerce
which has held the city in its grip for
the past week. That expectation was
chiefly based on the presence of fede¬
ral troops in the most dangerous dis¬
tricts.
Looking at the situation at the close
of the day, however, it must be con¬
fessed that the hope indulged at tlio
opening in this regard has not been
justified. The troops were few in
numbers at best, and when they were
divided into squads and distributed at
points separated by very considerable
distances, it soon became evident that
their prestige as overawing bodies had
been dissipated at the same time.
Instead of fleeing in fear before the
faces of the veterans, as was expected
they would, the turbulent thousands
surged about the little band of sol¬
diers, jeering and hooting at them,
casting vile epithets at them and liter¬
ally played hide and seek with them,
stopping trains at will, and generally
rendering the embargo in the military
district more effective, if possible,
than before.
The througs of strikers did not re¬
sist Uncle Ham's police when there
wore thousands of them about; a train
while it sought, to move, and on the
track in front of it they gave way like
water before the leveled bayonets of a
single company of infantry or tramp¬
ling of a single squad of cavalry.
THEY DERAILED CARS.
Like water,too, they closed in again
at a point just beyond. They turned
switches, derailed freight cars in front
of the slow moving train and played
all sorts of railroaders’ tricks, with
which the soldiers were unacquainted.
Thus it was that the troops at the stock
yards, with perseveronco aud patience,
spent the entire day in a vain endeavor
to get one train load of dressed beef
out of sight- of the starting point.
Aside from the immediate neighbor¬
hood, where the troops were operating,
there was plenty of excitement and
disorder. Great mobs gat hered on the
Lake Shore, Rock Island, Alton and
Western Indiana tracks and proceeded
to obstruct them by overturning box
cars, breaking switches and the like.
At one point they set fire to a switch
tower and interlocking switch box,
though the flames were extinguished
before serious damage was done.
THE MAYOR 1IAD TO WALK,
During the afternoon Mayor Hop¬
kins aud Chief of Police .Brennan
went down the Lake Shore road with
au official of that road intending to go
to the stock yards. Their passage was
obstructed and they were compelled to
finish the journey on foot.
Of the strike in general it may be
said that it broadened during the day.
The Big Four, on which it was under¬
stood traffic was to be resumed by
agreement, is practically tied up. At
Joliet everything is at a standstill, be¬
cause the yardmen havo gone out and
the city waterworks have shut down
for lack of coal. Kansas City is again
tied up pretty completely.
ALL TO BE CALLED OUT.
A meeting of the chiefs of all the
leading labor organizations, including
the International Machinists. Knights
of Labor, the National Street Car
Men’s Association and the American
Federation of Labor, who have placed
themselves at the disposal of the
American Railway Union, subject to
call, has been called, when it is ex¬
pected an attempt will be made to call
out every member of the labor organi¬
zations in the country.
Mayor Hopkins, in the name of the
city of Chicago, sent a telegram to
George M. Pullman, urging upou him
the necessity of arbitration, and re¬
questing him to return to Chicago to
do all in his power to settle the great
strike.
At 6 o’clock Thursday night a mob
numbering 2,000 men started north on
the Lake Shore tracks, marching to¬
ward the heart of the city. At Twenty
eighth street they overturned two
freight cars on the track ; at Twenty
sixth street three and at Twenty-fifth
street two. They were met at Twenty
second street by a small detachment
of police, and before the officers could
make any arrests the mob had dis¬
persed.
It is reported that federal troops
will be sent up from Presidio barracks
to Sacramento and General Ruger will
proceed to the capital to take com¬
mand.
FAIR BUILDINGS BURNED.
Six of the Beautiful Structures Fired
by the Strikers.
Fire broke out at 6:30 o’clock
Thursday afternoon on the roof of the
Terminal station at the Avorld’s fair
grounds. A strong breeze was blow¬
ing and the flames spread quickly to
the administration building, thence to
the electricity and mining buildings
and machinery hall. The fire gained
great headway before the department
arrived.
The six large structures, Avhich
formed the boundaries of the court of
honor, perished. The buildings de¬
stroyed were the Terminal station,
administration, manufacturers, elec¬
tricity and mining buildings, machin¬
ery hall and the agricultural building.
The art gallery, Avhich has keen re
christened the Field Columbian mu¬
seum, and the government building
were saved, together with the miner
buildings south of machinery hall and
the agricultural buildings.
The fire started almost simultaneous
ly at three points, so selected as to a r
ford the best possible spread of the
flames. Iu each place—ou the second
floor of the Terminal station, thesouth
Avest corner of the mechanical arts
building aud on the southeast corner
of the manufacturers’ building, a man
was seen ruuuing away from the
grouuds by passers-by or members of
the gangs of Avreckers at work tearing
down the buildings just before the fire
broke out. One man Avas killed aud
one injured during the progress of the
fire.
LATEST TELEGRAMS
CONDENSED INTO SHORT AND
BREEZY PARAGRAPHS,
And Giving the Gist of the News Up
to the Time of Going to Press.
The stockholders of the Southern
Railway Va., Company met at Richmond,
and ratified the notion of the di¬
rectors done at tho meeting of the lat¬
ter ou June ISth.
A Paris special says: August Bur
deaux, republican, Avas elected presi
deut of the chamber of deputies
Thursday by a vote of 259 to 157 east
for M. Henri Brisson, radical.
The strike at Detroit is assuming
serious proportions. All the sAvitek
men and freight handlers of the De
troit, Grand Haven and Milwaukee
road at the Bush street depot are out
and trains are being moved with dilfi
culty.
General Agent Gays, of the St,
Louis associated lines, lias announced
that tho switchmen of the St. Louis,
Keokuk and Northwestern railway re
turned to work late Thursday after
noon. The “K” lino Avill henceforth
accept nil freight.
Owing to the great railroad strikes
the Louisville and Nashville railroad
has discontinued through
trains. Local freight on tho Louis
ville and Nashville, Nashville, Chatta
noogaaudSt. Louis are running as
usual. Sleepers to Chicago are still
discontinued.
A Columbia, S. C., special says:
Tho judiciary committee of the state
farmers’ alliance, is investigating the
conduct of D. P. Duncan, manager of
tho state alliance exchange. Duucan
is also a railroad commissioner, secre¬
tary of the national alliance and a can¬
didate for congress.
The fact that General Superintend¬
ent Y. E. McBee, of the Richmond
and Danville line has resigned his po¬
sition, has been made public. Super¬
intendent McBee has had control of
the Asheville and Spartanburg, tho
Western North Carolina, the Spartan¬
burg and Union, the C. C. & A. and
the C. & G. railroads.
A special from Denver, Col., says:
The engineers of the Rio Grande have
unanimously decided that their duty
to both their order and the raihvay re¬
quires them to perform eA-ery service
required of them as engineers by the
road. A majority of tho firemen are
of the same opinion as regards them¬
selves.
A committee from Chicago has or¬
ganized branches at New Orleans and
brought pressure to bear from other
labor unions until it was decided to
force strikes in tho city, boginning
Avith tho Illinois Central and then tak¬
ing the Louisville and Nashville. The
commercial bodies appealed to AVash
ington to authorize the district attor¬
ney to take steps to protect interstate
commerce.
At a meeting in Montgomery, Ala.,
of the employes of the Alabama Mid¬
land railroad of tho Plant system em
bracing engineers, firemen, conductors,
brakemen, switchmen, operators, clerks
and freight handlers, a resolution was
unanimously adopted disapproving the
action of railway employes in striking
on account of a disagreement between
the Pullman company and its employes.
They also pledged their loyalty and
hearty support to the road.
The Popolo Romano , published at
Rome, Italy, says that tho police in¬
vestigation has established the fact of
tho existence of a conspiracy of Avhich
Cette Avas the centre, tho object being
to take the lives of the heads of tho
various European countries. Anarchist
Lega, in accordance Avith this plot,was
delegated to kill Premier Crispi, and
Cesario was chosen to kill M. Carnot.
Lega came to Rome from Cette when
he made an attempt to shoot Signor
Crispi.
The striking railroad men at San
Francisco, Cal., havo placed Oakland
under siege. They are absolutely
masters of the ferry system. They
have stopped all trains on both lines
and connection by rail with the cities
across the bay is cut off. They havo
seized the railroad yards at West Oak¬
land, Avhick are in the possession of
the Oakland mob, and not a wheel is
moving. The strikers accomplished
the Avork within one hour and a half
aud not a hand was raised against
them by the authorities.
DECIDED BY LOT
And Santo Selected to Assassinate
Carnot.
A dispatch from Marseilles, France,
announces that a soldier detained in
the military prison at that place, upon
hearing of the assassination of the pres¬
ident, gave the authorities full details
concerning the plot which was hatched
at Cette, and also furnished the
names of seven anarchists who,
after the execution of Vaillant
and Henri, drew lots in order
to decide who was to kill Carnot. The
lot fell to Santo Cesario, which now
seems to be the real name of the as¬
sassin, the mistake in the inversion of
his name having resulted from the
Italian custom of writing the family
name first. Cesario is described as
having been “wild with joy” when
found that he had been selected to
commit the mnrder.
To Call Out the K. of L.
General Master Workman Sovereign,
at Des Moines, la., ha3 received from
Mr. Debs a forwarded telegram from
Joseph Lee, master workman of Dis¬
trict Assembly No. 82, embracing all
the Knights of Labor from Council
Bluffs to San I’rancisco, requesting him
to call out all the members of that as¬
sembly at once. Sovereign will issue
thf order immedietelyi
NEWS OF THE SOUTH
BRIEFLY EPITOMIZED IN PUNG¬
ENT PARAGRAPHS
Chronicling Events of Special Inter¬
est to Our Readers.
Dallas, the largest city of Texas, ac¬
cording to tho census, aud the center
of the richest farming region, is about
to have a watenvay to the gulf by tho
deepeniug of Trinity river.
Fat Savage and James Bees, the two
striking miners, avUo Avere arrested at
Birmingham, Ala., twelve days ago on
a charge of arson, it being alleged that
they dynamited a house in Avhich were
six negroes, have been discharged from
custody.
Tho carefully taken census for tho
new city directory gives Chattanooga,
including her suburbs, a population of
46,353. This is a loss of 3,426 as com¬
pared with a similar census made iu
1S'J2. Considering the great depres¬
sion in business, it is considered a
good showing.
The first celebration ot the Fourth
since the Avar occurred, at Jackson,
Miss., thousands of people attended,
General Stephen D. Lee, of Missis
sippi, and Captain J. F. Meary, of
lown, were the orators. A fire drill,
, bicycle races, barbecue and fireworks
formed the features of tire day. 0
The railroad agents at Columbia, .
C., have been ordered, on account of
the strike, to accept no perishable
freight for points west of Memphis au 1
Chattanooga, unless subject to delays.
In consequence of this shipments of
melons, vegetables and fruits will be
greatly hindered, iuidthegroAversAvi.il
suffer.
: An ordinance was recently passed by
tho Montgomery, Ala., city council
grnuting additional franchises to tho
street railway company. Tho mayor
vetoed the ordinance for the reason that
tho company defined to agroe to givo
transfer tickets over the different line,
1? .Y 11 voto of 1 to 3, tho council passed
1,10 odinauce over tho mayor’s veto.
The Mississippi penitentiary farm
commission, charged by the last legis¬
lature with the purchase of ton thou¬
sand acres of laud on which to locato
the ,, state . , liaH to J _ Rankm , .
P rison . S OUG
county to make a final . inspection of
the property offered there for tho pur¬
poses named. The farm will be under
state supervision, and after January,'
1895, the iniquitous leaso system is
prohibited under the constitution.
Tho Louisville and Naslivillo and
the Mobile aud Ohio platforms and
yards at Humboldt, Tenn., are crowd¬
ed with tomatoes, apples aud other
fruits. The vegetable and fruit groAv
ers had a special called meeting and
notified the Louisville aud Naslivillo
agent that, unless the road arranged
to move the fruit at once they would
take possession of the Pullman cars.
Great indignation prevails among tho
fruit growers, owing to tho action tho
roads have taken.
A Savannah dispatch says: General
approval of the reorganization plan of
the Central railroad as outlined by Re¬
ceiver Comer has been expressed ou all
sides. This is one of the first instances
Avhere tho stockholders of ail insolvent
railroad have been treated Avith consid¬
eration, the stock neither being Avipcd
out nor an assessment on it being asked.
The debenture holders are Avell pleased
to receive income bonds at par and tho
Avork of their committee is considered
nt an end.
NATIONAL CAPITAL.
NEWS AND GOSSIP OF WASH¬
INGTON CITY.
Brief Notes Concerning Hie Business
of Our Government.
Tuesday afternoon tho grand jury
of Washington city brought in indict¬
ments against Messrs. Shriver aud Ed
Avards, the newspaper correspondents,
for refusing to answer the questions
propounded by the senate committee,
and both gave bail for their appear¬
ance when wanted.
It was exactly 1:30 Avlien the tariff
bill was returned to the house Thurs¬
day afternoon. When the senate
messenger had concluded the reading
of its title, there Avas applause ou tho
democratic side. There were no mau
ifestations of any character from tho
republicans.
A new source of demand for United
btates gold has developed in an order
from Canada for $25,000 in gold. This
was taken out of the New York sub
treapury Saturday and sent north. Iu
addition to the Canada order, $1,225,
000 worth of tho metal Avas engaged
for shipment to Europe. With these
engagements deducted, tho treasury’s
net gold reserve stands at $64,828,815.
AH the members of the cabinet, ex¬
cept Secretaries Carlisle and Morton,
meeting. Avere present The Tuesday nt the cabinet
strike situation iu tho
west occupied most all of the time, and
the members of the cabinet as a whole
are understood to be in thorough nc
cord in sustaining the president and
the attorney general in the steps which
they have taken to suppress the dis¬
order and bring about resumption of
interstate traffic. The consensus of
opinion Avas to delay, if possible, the
use of the United States troops until
terms of the induction obtained in
Chicago were made known to the va¬
rious striking organizations. If, after
that has been done, the disorder and
violence continue, then the United
States troops will he undoubtedly used
promptly and with firm ness.
The question has ofterTbeen asked
why the Army cadets at West Point
form wear a gray uniform, while the uni¬
of the Army is blue. The origin
War of this of distinction 1812-14, dates back to The
when the Commis¬
sary-General of the Army could not
procure the blue cloth required for
General Winfield Scott’s brigade, and
so they were clad in gray. So dis¬
tinguished Avas the conduct of that
brigade at Lundy’s Lane and Chippe¬
wa that when, after the War of 1812
a reorganization of the West Point
Military Academy Avas made, out of
compliment to General Scott and his
brigade the uniform of the corps of
.adets \a as changed from blue to gray.
Life is not so short but there i*
always time enough for courtesy,