Newspaper Page Text
THE MONROE
VOL XXXIX.
X'.) IVntK 4SK TRADE,
THE INTERCONTINENTAL RAIL¬
WAY COMMISSION REPORT.
If the Road is Built it Will Be One of
the Wonders of the World.
The forthcoming report of the In¬
tercontinental Railway Commission,
giving the results of the recent Gov¬
ernment surveys through Central
and South America, to connect by
rall all the republics on tlie American
continent, will la* certain to create a
impression on the country.
Advance sheets Indicate that it will
be a marvelously interesting work
from every standpoint, It will give
important, information concern ing
railway p< ibilities never before of
fered to the world, and will trace a
continuous railroad route extending
from Mexico clear down to Argen¬
tina, a distance of 4,500 linear miles.
It will fairly bristle with newly as¬
certained fiiets and practical statis¬
tics touching all the republics to the
south of us; it will he illuminated
by a profusion of photographs of life
and scenery along the whole route,
and will be still further enriched by
a vast quantity of charts and maps—
topographical, geographical and geo¬
logical—of the regions traversed,
tlitis combining the attractions of a
fresh book of travel and adventure,
with the more substantial features of
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a technical report. But, above all,
the report will demonstrate the en¬
tire feasibility of constructing an in¬
tercontinental railway, and will show
conclusively that no insurmountable
engineering ditlieultios stand in the
way of such a momentous undertak¬
ing. This elaborate report is now in
process*of completion at the head¬
quarters of tin 1 Gonnnission in Wash¬
ington, and will doubtless be pro¬
mulgated from the Government Print¬
ing Office in the course of a few*
months. Its publication will mark
an epoch in the history of great rail¬
way surveys, outrivaling in novelty,
magnitude and interest, if not in im¬
portance, the great Pacific Railway
Survey Reports of 1858.
It will be remembered that three
separate surveying corps were or**an
ized for the work and sent into the
field in April. 1891, and that the last
corps returned in Julv of last year,
since when the engineers have been
engaged uninterruptedly in the re
duct ion of their field notes and the
preparation of drawings and other
details of their reports. The whole
survey was divided into three sec
tions." the upper section reaching
from the Mexican-Guatemalan bound
m \r\ down into Costa Rica; the second
T .rom i\wto Rica down to Quito,
Ecuador, and tho third from Quito
down to t ho lower terminus in l'eru
As the Mexican system of railroads is
being extended to the northern
boundary of Guatemala, and is now
in operation as far as Oajaea, 400
miles south of the City of Mexico,
the Commission was not under the
necessity of making any surveys in
the Republic of Mexico.
Accordingly, the work of Corps No.
1. under Lieut. M. M. Macomb. U.
8. A., was begun at Ayutla. on the
northern frontier of Guatemala, and
a continuous line of survey was run
from that point southeast to the Rio
Savegre. Two years were devoted to
the surveys tiie and explorations in this
part of route, and in addition,
astronomical, geodetic and meteoro
logieal observations were taken and
a large amount of data collected
bearing on t he resources of the eoun
tries traversed.
Corps No. 2, under Civil Engineer
William F. Shunk, of Harrisburg.
Fa.. went to Quito, Ecuador, and
from there surveyed northward to the
Rio Savegre in Gosta Rica, thus con
nectingwith the work of Gorps No. 1.
The section between Quito and
an. passing as it doe< through the
very heart of the Andes is pro
nounced expensive to construct, but
at the same time the surveys prove
the entire feasibility of the route.
FORSYTH. MONROE COUNTY. GA, TUESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 4, 1894.
With no grades as high as 4 per cent,
From the head of the Cauca Valley
the matter of grade ceases to he a
ruling consideration, and the con
struction of a road could be effected
at a moderate cost. This Columbian
region abounds in natural resources,
and the Cauca Valley is destined to
become one of the richest mineral
and agricultural portions of all South
America.
Corps No. 8, under Civil Engineer
" illiam 1). Kelley, of Philadelphia,
ka., likewise started at Quito, but
worked southward through Ecuador
un<1 ,,<iru to the confines of Bolivia.
In certain stretches the building of
*be ^ ine would be expensive, owing
various deep canyons and heavy
l? rs ‘des natural to so mountainous a
country; but in other parts construe
lion would be inexpensive. In some
localities, indeed, more populous and
more level, a railroad would prove
decidedly remunerative from the local
traffic ulone.
Summing up, C orps No. 1 surveyed
a stretch of 800 miles, Corps No. 2
carried the line on 1,700miles further
south, and Corps No. 6 extended it
on to Cuzco, the ancient capital of
Peru, a distance of 1,761 miles—the
sections together measuring 4,261
miles not counting the extra branch
from Medellin in Columbia to Carta
genu, or the remaining little links
below Lake Titicaca.
The successive steps which have
resulted in this preliminary survey
mav be related in a few words. The
survey was recommended by Mr.
Blaine’s Pan-American Conference of
1SS9. in the belief that a railroad
connecting all or a majority of the
nations reprosented in the conference
would ‘Teatlv aid in the material
and commercial development of all
concerned and at the instance of a
Committee on Railway Communion
tions the Intercontinental Railway
Commission was created to blaze the
wav for that work.
’fhe commission first met and or
<*anizod in Washington, under the
patronage of our State Department,
on December 4. 1890, and remained
in session until AprM 22 1891. The
scope of the work was carefully map
ped out and the surveying parties
sent into the field as above recited,
with instructions to shape their sur
vevs so as to utilize as far as praeti
cable the already existing railway
systems zil of Mexico, Peru, and’to Chili, Bra
and Argentina, connect
with the larger cities in the vicinity
of the route in the general project
of establishing a .complete chain of
railroad from our Northern bounds
ries down to Argentina. Funds were
contributed by the several Govern
ments interested, the United States,
as the strong elder brother of the
Southern Republics furnishin 0,
the larger share. Up to date the
United States has contributed, in
three installments. $195,000; Brazil
has given $80,000; Colombia. $4,000 ;
Guatemala. $8,600; Chili, $8,028;
Ecuador. $8,000; Costa Rica $2,000
and Bolivia, $1,997. making $242.-
625, in all.
The Mexican trunk lines connect
ing with the trunk lines in the Uni
ted States running southeast, south
and southwest from San Francisco,
St. Louis. Chicago and Boston,
through New York. Philadelphia,
Atlanta and New Orleans, would be
availed of to supplj* connection be
tween the northern terminus of the
proposed route, while from Lake
Titicaca, the southern end, eonnec
tion can be had with a Peruvian rail
road and by a new link southeast
ward to La Paz. where it would join a
railroad already running south to
Huanchaca in Western Bolivia. From
this point there is now a railroad
running west and southwest, through
Chili to Antofagasta, on the Pacific,
and by additional surveys three
more lines, branching from Iluan
chaca, are contemplated—tha first
one run south to Jujuy. in Argen
thin; the second to run east across
Brazil to Rio de Janeiro, on the At
lantie, and the third to run southeast
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to Asuncion, tho capital of Paraguay.
In addition, besides the link connect
ing .Medellin in Colombia with Car¬
thagena on the Caribbean Sea, where
our trade is as yet comparatively un
developed and awaiting our enter
prising overtures, another link is pro
jected eastward from Medellin to
Venezuela. Thus the only South
American States not directly em
braced in the grand project are
Guiana and Uruguay, and of these
Uruguay is a contributor to tlie en
terprise. and Guiana is connected by
rail with Venezula.
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THE BIGGEST HOTEL IK AGUTI.A, THE
STARTING POINT IN GUATEMALA.
From the lower border of Mexico on
down through the snow-clad ranges
of the Andes to Argentina, the survey
extends through a wide diversity of
climate, geological formations and
products. The eleven Central and
South American republics directly in¬
terested, exclusive of Mexico, with
her 12,000,000 souls, have a combined
population of 45,000,000, ready and
waiting to be brought into commer¬
cial relations with our own 65,000,
000.
The products and resources of all
these republics are valuable and ex¬
ceedingly desirable in North Ameri¬
can commerce. Guatemala, with an
area of 46,800 square miles (about
equal to New York or Pennsylvania),
produces a great variety of articles
useful to tlie United Slates, among
them being coffee, cocoa, bananas,
hides and bard woods. Her coffee crop
alone amounts to between 80,000,000
and 100,000,000 pounds annually.
Even now the United States imports
from Guatemala over $8,000,000
worth of goods every year, which from
lack of facilities are brought princi¬
pally by sea and enter the port of San
Francisco. Salvador, though the
smallest of the Central American
States, is proportionately .the most
populous and prosperous'Of them all.
Coffee, indigo, sugar, medicinal
plants and rare woods, together with
gold, silver, iron, copper and mercury
are among her products. The exports
of Honduras, one of the largest of the
Central American republics, are
chiefly cattle, mahogany, cedar,
hides, nubs, bar India silver and gold bullion.
The resources of Nicaragua also are
very great, especially in fine hard
woods, dyewoods, rubber, sugar,
coffee, cocoa and indigo, besides cat¬
tle, corn and potatoes. Indeed Nic¬
aragua’s trade with the United States
already is larger than with any other
country, amounting to about $4,000,
000 annually. In return for her ex¬
ports she imports from the United
States machinery, iron, steel, flour
and manufactured goods.
Costa Rica, with her exceedingly
fertile soil, already ships to the
United States large quantities of
coffee, bananas, hides, rubber and
mother of pearl, and in turn imports
silk, woolen, linen and cotton goods,
machinery, agricultural implements,
f limit uie and haidware. Recently
the American trade there has almost
entirely superseded that of England,
and now amounts to nearly $5,000,
OW a year.
Colombia, with her area of 505,000
s 4 uar< ‘ miles, possesses enormous
mdurul resources, but heretofore,
through lack of intelligent labor,
transportation facilities and means
of communication, she has been un
Able to develop them properly,
Among her products are gold and
silver ’emeralds, opals and other pre
cions stones, marbles, mineral salts,
coffee, hides, ivory nuts, cocoa and
cinchona bark. She imports all kinds
manufactured goods and her trade
with tbe United States amounts to
ab ° ut $12,000 000 annually.
As to Ecuador, owing to the fer
tilifcy and diversity of her soil and the
variety of her climate, all sorts of
plant life flourish within her bound
aries—rice, pepper and semi-tropical
fru lts cotton corn, sugar, wheat
ancl J u ba rIe v exports, mainly
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shipped , to England, include cotton,
cocoa, rubber, ivory, nuts, cinchona,
straw goods and precious metals. In
Peru - besides her wonderful treas
ures of gold and silver and coal and
wide hirgelj of undeveloped <igii(_ulti<r<il as jet, is a
rtinge crops
Sugar to the amount of
$8-‘AH. IS 0 ' 1 ™* 0 "*-. wine cotton to the t to th xalue f val of.,4.- ?* of
0U .00th and also enormous yields of
nce ’ cinchona, rubber, fruits and
vegetables. ( orn is also extensively
grown and constitutes the staple food
of all classes. The export of wool
brings $5,000,000 a j*ear, and other
ex P ort:? Are guano, cubic niter,sugar, .
c °Gon and sulphur, at present sent
pnneipallj to England and Germany,
But the construction of a section of
railwaj through I era, Ecuador and
^ ° om na t0 taitagena on the ( arri
bean Sea vould put them in easy
communi eAtion with the southern
P orts ' of the l nited states and ^rj
ni Aterial.j increase our trade, even
should there be a delaj in the con
struction of the entire system north¬
ward.— >. 5. Recorder.
A Needle in His Nose.
Rory Rayne, of Guthries Cross
Roads, Pike County. Penn., experi
enced a severe pain in the end of his
nose one day recently. A threaded
needle gradually worked itself out.
and he experienced great relief; but,
stangelv enough, his nose, which had
been a decided retrousse, became
aquiline and changed his expression
completely.
Oil) PETS MADE OVER.
AT THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY THEY APPEAR
AS IF ALIVE.
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The Vicious Old Elephant Will Be
Stuffed Like Other Park Animats
Which Died Before Him.
Few New Yorkers appreciate the
mine of information and entertain¬
ment that they have at their com¬
mand in the American Mfseuin of
Natural History. The immense mu¬
seum building in its park between
77th and 81 st streets, and Columbus
and Eighth avenues, is a familiar
sight to all, but of the inferior and
its contents it is surprising what a
large proportion of old N w Yorkers
ate blissfully ignorant. How many
people are there who know what be¬
comes of tlieir old pets at the Cent ral
Park “Zoo” after they are missed
from their cages and reported as
among the long list of the dead?
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BUFFALO COW AN I* CALF.
Would it not surprise a great many
of thos^vlio^ve^on t( rms^of^JanHij
iarity with Crowley, * the almost
human chimpanzee, winch attracted
so much attention for several years
at the Park menagerie; with Kitty,
his mate, whose antics When she was
first introduced to her lord and
master, were all told .in the news¬
papers; with Bombe, he great un
wieldly rhinoceros wuicjh was fed
every day by an admiring fringe of
awed visitors who surrounded his
huge swimming tank: with dear old
Jumbo, upon whose %w>ad back half
the children of New' Yt>rk were car
ried around Madiso n .Square Garden ;
or with Tip, the vicioifS; old elephant,
which had such a long record .of
Crimes committed, “vith malice and
intent aforetho ught” ^-would it not
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JUMBO.
surprise the old friends of these
former pets to suddenly come upon
them all now, years after they have
passed away, standing in the muse
urn, in tlieir accustomed positions,
just as they did in their days of
former glory?
It is intended by tlie trustees of the
American Museum of Natural His
tory to some day extend the building
until it almost entirely fills the park
in which it now stands. Up to this
year, however, there was found to be
enough space for all the exhibits
available within the limits of the
single wing completed, that facing on
77th street. This year a second
wing has been building, however, and
when it is completed and opened to
the puolic the facilities of the mu
seum will be nearly doubled. There
are now in the possession of the in
stitution enough exhibits to fill both
wings, and additions are constantly
being received.
This new wing is being built on the
southeast corner of the plot of ground
and connecting with the old building,
It will be a five-sfory structure faced
with red granite, like the other wing,
It will be 70_ feet deep and__have a
frontage on 77th street of 175 feet,
The woik on this Addition is pi ogress
ing rapidly, and it was said at the
museum last week that all but the
interior work on it would be com
pleted by the first of next November,
The woodwork, plastering, show-cases
and installation of specimens will
take several months more, so that it
is hardly expected that the public
will be admitted before the early part
of next summer.
When it is allowed this privilege
the change that will hflve occurred in
the museum will astonish even the
oldest frequenters of the place. The
classification, as at present arranged,
by floors will be retained, and the
collections extended out through the
new building as well as the old.
There are already a number of exhib
its at the museum which cannot be
shown for lack of accommodation,
and these, with many others, which
are expected before the new building
is completed, will be found within
the walls of the new wing when it is
opened.
The Museum has many other “irons
in the fire.” It has collectors in its
employ in both Mexico and Peru,
The explorer down in Mexico made
his first trip some time ago. and sent
up the results of his work this winter
from Arizona. He went then from
the northern pari of Mexico to tn*
central part of the country. His
ADVERTISER.
oresent trip is from the central part
of the western coast down to the
southern. In this expedition he will
take in many cities of the ancient
cliff-dwellers, as well as those of the
Aztecs, and his collection is expected
to be a very tine one. The specimens
from his first trip have arrived at the
Museum, but they have not been un
packed as yet, for there is no room
to exhibit them. They will he shown
when the new building is opened.
But the most interesting part of
the work at the Museum—at least,
the most interesting to the general
public—is that which is carried on
down on the ground floor in the tax¬
idermists’ department, and in the
room of the osteologists — that is
where the skeleton and bones are
mounted. There the work of pre
paring for exhibition, the animals j
which die at the Park Zoo, and those
which are presented to the Museum, i
is carried on. A force of men is kept j
constantly at work under Taxider¬
mist John Rowley, cleaning, prepar¬
ing and mounting the skins of speci¬
mens for exhibition. It was to this
department of the Museum that the
carcass of the murdered Tip was
given after the vicious old brute had
received his quietus. The work of
preparing the hide and bones of the
former pet of the Central Park Zoo
and the terror of his keepers, was a
difficult one and will take many
months.
Tip was skinned at once in the cage
where he was killed, and the flesh
carried off and dumped into the river.
The skin was taken to the museum to
be prepared for mounting, while the
bones were sent into the country to
be macerated. They now lie in tanks
of water up in this State near Scolia
rie, slowly rotting off the flesh, to
prepare them for being mounted.
The hide was at once taken to the
basement of the museum and a force
of men set at work paring it down for
mounting. An important group
moose was in preparation when the
skin of old Tip arrived, so his mount
ing had to be delayed. The skin, when
cleaned and thinned down somewhat
with drawer-knives, was put away in
the cellar to soak in an antiseptic so¬
lution. The moose group will occupy
the attention of the taxidermists for
some months to come, so it is not ex¬
pected that the work of mounting
Tip’s hide will begin until the first of
next year. Then it will be put through
at once, and will be on exhibition
early next Spring.
The skeleton of Jumbo, BarnunTs
giant elephant, has been loaned to
the Museum by James A. Bailey Mr.
Barnum’s successor, and his mounted
hide will soon be in the Museum as
well. It is thought to be very doubt
ful if either will be taken away again,
When the new wing is opened next
year the present position of the buf
falo group in “Mammal Hall” will
be given over to the exhibition of
these two elephants. Jumbo was an
African elephant, while Tip was a
specimen of the Indian variety, and
both are very fine examples of their
different breeds.
One of the finest and most recent
additions to “Mammal Hall” is the
group of buffaloes. This is composed
of seven specimens, including differ
ent ages and sexes of the American
bison, all mounted in a life-like man
ner, with accessories and surround
ings made from studies made on the
plains, and all inclosed in a huge
glass case. The big cow with the
little calf by her side was presented
to the museum by Buffalo Bill. These
two specimens died at his AN ild \\ est
c&mp RrAstin&, fe. I*, two or three
summers ago.
As a companion piece to the buffalo
group, the taxidermists are now at
work on a group of moose. This will
be the masterpiece of the collec
tion, and Mr. Rowley is taking won
derful pains to have it correct in
every particular. There will be seven
; specimens in this group also, and all
but two were secured by museum ex
peditions. One big cow was presented
to the museum by Dr. Edgar A.
; Mearus. a surgeon in the United
States Army, stationed at Fort Snell
ing. in Minnesota. Mr. John L. Cox.
of Philadelphia, presented a second
cow to the collection,
| The largest specimen of all, an
j enormous bull with antlers spreading by
five feet from tip to tip, was shot
Taxidermist Rowley himself, up in
the wilds of the Province of New
Brunswick, last October.
The last piece of work done by
osteologists under William Richard
son. who is head of that department,
was the mounting of the skeleton
Bombe. thegreat wrinkled rhinoceros,
which died at Central Park “Zoo”
1886. The hide had been stuffed
mounted two years or so ago. but
bones were set up only last
in Mammal Hall.” Bombe was
] Indian one.-horned rhinoceros,
originally possessed a long horn
he was doubtless very proud of, but
his keepers it: captivity decided that
his Hugh tusk was dangerous to his
visitors and themselves, as well as to j
his cage, and it was gradually i
sawed off closer and closer, until at ‘
his death Bom bo had only a >.iort
knob left. This omission has been !
taken supplied from with some an more imported fortunate horn, rhi- |
i
noeeros out in India and shipped
to New York for Bombe’s special
benefit.
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THE RHINOCEROS “BOMBE.”
One special feature of this speci¬
men which Taxidermist Rowley called
attention to was the beautiful wrin¬
kles in the skin. These might not
ordinarily be looked upon as great
attractions, but Mr. Rowley says that
Bombe is the first rhinocerous in
this country to enjoy the distinction
of having wrinkles in his hide after
death, and that they were put in
there only after the greatest trouble.
Long iron r0 cls had to be placed un
der the skin in the places where the
ridges wer e in life, in order to keep
the wrinkles from being smoothed
0l q
One of the most attractive cases to
^j ie man y children who visit the mu
| seum is that which contains the
j stu ff e d bodies of tlieir two former
pets at the old Zoo—Crowley and his
j ii aTlC ee, Kitty, the two chimpanzees
w hi c h died in captivity at the Park,
Crowley has been mounted and on
exhibition for some time, though
jQj^y jg a comparatively recent addi
j j tion to t h e muse um. She died, broken it
will be remembered, of a
heart, and, incidentally, a complica¬
tion of other and more serious bodily
ills, in 1880.
New features are constantly being
added to the museum’s stock, and
when the new wing is opened next
year, and the capacity of the building
is increased, as it will be, there will
be many new collections to be seen
there. At any rate, it will even now
well repay any one to make a visit to
New York’s great Museum of Natural
History.
At the Top of Pike’s Peak.
The. .view t*™** ffie reak once be¬
held, can never be forget
first sensation is that of complete
isolation. The silence is profound.
The clouds are below us, and noise¬
lessly break in foaming billows
against the faces of the beetling
cliffs. Occasionally the silence is
broken by the deep roll of thunder
from the depths beneath, as though
the voice of the Creator were utter¬
ing a stern edict of destruction. The
storm rises, the mists envelop us,
there is a rush of wind, a rattle of
hail, and we seek refuge in the hotel.
Pause a moment before entering and
hold up your bands. You can feel
the sharp tingle of the electric cur
rent as it escapes from your finger¬
tips. The storm is soon over, and
j'ou can see the sunbeams gilding
the upper surfaces of the white
| clouds that sway and swing below
you, half way down the mountain
I sides, and completely hide from view
| the world beneath. lhe scenery
! shifts; like a drawn from curtain heights the of
clouds part, and, as
; another sphere, we look forth upon
the majesty of the mountains and
; the plains. An ocean of inextricably
: entangled peaks in weeps into view.
i Forests dark an pj vast seem like
vague shadow's on distant mountain
sides, A city is dwarfed into the
compass of a single block; water
courses are mere threads of silver
laid in graceful curves upon the green
velvet mantle of the endless plains,
fhe red granite rocks beneath our
feet are starred with tiny flowers, so
minute that they are almost micro
scopic, vet tinted with tlie most
delicate and tender colors. I he
majesty of greatness and the mysterj
of minuteness arc here brought face
to face. It is in vain that one stmes
to describe the scene. Only those
m its 10 grandeur ia\e e ie and ( 1 magnificence. ca ! 1 fi ^ e ^ lz
[Gassier s Magazine.___
Sparrows Kill Locusts.
j The English sparrow, which has
p een vo t e d an unmitigated nuisance
j !;i t ] 1 - IS country, seems to have at
] eas t one redeeming trait. He loves
to kill the seventeen-year locust. It
j s reported from Woodbridge, N. J.,
w here the locusts are superabundant,
that the sparrow lies evidently de¬
c i are d war on them, and has killed
i ar g e numbers of them. The spar
r0 ws do not seem to care to eat the
locusts, but appear to enjoy killing
t hem. which they do by picking out
eyes# when these are gone,
t j ie i 0CU sts speedily drop to the
f , roun d and die.—[New Orleans Pica
yur.e.
_
Antidote for Cyanide of Potash.
One of the deadliest and most sub¬
tie poisons known to the pharmaco
paeia is cyanide of potash. It is now
reported that a Hungarian chemist,
Dr. Johann Antal, has discovered a
sure antidote for it, the efficacy
which he has proved in
; cases, first on animals and afterwards
on more than forty living persons,
who had been accidentally
with prussic acid. The antidote
not fail in a single instance.
antidote is a newly-discovered
nql compound, nitrate of
[New Orleans Picayune.
NO. 64
GRUYERE. CHEESE.
Interesting Description of the Method
of Manufacture,
This variety of Swiss cheese is
largely adapted to the small holder and
I'aetorV system, small cow keepers
taking their milk to a central factory
or dopot> where it is conV erted into
j ultre c heeses which are not unknown
even in provincial England, says a
writer in an English exchange. The
temperature at which the rennet is
added is from 90 to 95 degrees F.
The best cheese, known as Emmen
thaler, is made from quite fresh milk,
the milk of one meal, while the ren
net used is usually made at the fac¬
tory, and contains a small quantity
of sour milk, so that it is at once a
medium of communicating to tho
milk the ferments which play so
important a part in the production of
the cheese.
This condition is practically one in
which the whey is present in a given
proportion. The eyes or holes in the
cheese are produced by the formation
of carbonic acid, and their number
and size indicate very closely the
quality of the cheese, which is ripen¬
ed at temperatures varying from 60
to 52 degrees. Salting lasts a consid¬
erable time, and is continued until
about 2A per cent, of salt is absorbed
by rubbing on the crust. The Gruy
»re industry is one of the most im¬
portant in France and Switzerland,
and there is no reason why this var¬
iety of cheese should not be manufac¬
tured in this country, fine qualities
being often unobtainable, as much is
produced from skim milk, while tho
prices realized are exceptionally good.
The curd is broken at the end of
about thirty minutes, when it is
allowed to settle in the bottom of the
cheese vat, an elaborate copper ves
sel which lias no counterpart in Eng¬
lish dairying. Here it remains for
from ten to fifteen minutes, in which
the whole mass is heated to a tem¬
perature of from 120 to 160 degrees.
In England this is termed scalding,
in Switzerland it is termed cooking.
If the cheese is scalded at a lower
temperature the cheese is intended
to ripen quickly, but if it is intended
to keep for a long time a still higher
temperature is adopted. As sweet
milk is used, and the yirocess is
rapid, very little acidity is developed
hence the whey is expelled from the
curd chiefly by beat, Nevertheless
more whey is retained than is usual
in the pressed cheese made in this
country. The curd is stirred during
the heating process until it has
acquired a certain condition which
the cheesemaker recognizes.
«r; - * Came District.
irnrj
The region about Washington fur¬
nishes more choice game than any
other district in the United Stutes.
The extensive swamps and numerous
tributaries afford suitable breeding
ground for woodcock, while, as is
well known, this part of the country
is famous for ducks. The latter arc
becoming more scarce year by year,
thanks to the efforts of the pot
hunters, w r ho slaughter the canvas
backs and the redheads with swivel
guns that carry a pound and a half
of shot at a charge. Unfortunately,
it is upon this sort of unsportsman¬
like industry that the local market
for game chiefly depends. It is no
unusual thing to hear of such an ex
ploit as the killing of 1,000 reedbirds
at a shot. Wild turkeys are ruth¬
lessly murdered at their roosts in
Virginia and Maryland. The pot
hunters also have a way of enticing
the turkeys within point blank range
of a blind by means of a train of corn,
further attracting the feathered vic¬
tims by imitating the turkey call
with a quill. On a moonlight night
the skillful and industrious game
shooter will bag as many as twenty
or thirty wild geese, popping them as
they sit on the w ater. Bear meat is
gaining popularity in this market.
The prairie chickens sold here are
shot in Montana. They are drawn
and stuffed w'itli prairie grass, and
are sent East in refrigerator cars.
Often they are kept in cold storage
for as much as a year.—[Washington
Star.
Utah and Its Onyx.
“The only industry in Utah is
gradually becoming an infant of
large proportions,” said A. G. Taylor
of Salt Lake City. For years the ex¬
istence of onyx beds in the Territory
has been known, but it was not until
last year that a syndicate obtained
possession of three large claims near
Pelican Point and began quarrying
the beautiful stone. Three distinct
veins in broad slabs of ten to four¬
teen inches in thickness are being
successfully worked. The supply
seems to be inexhaustible. The onyx
is taken out in rough blocks or slabs,
rough hewn and flint-like in appear
ance. From one to three carloads
is the present output.
“ The polishing works are in Salt
Lake. The rough slabs are squared up
and sawed to their proper thickness.
Then they are placed on rapidly re¬
volving grinding machines and
worked with sand and water. Next
the slabs are polished by hand simi¬
lar to marble polishing. Afterward
the finishing touches are put on by a
burnishing machine and the surface
made as smooth as glass, and all the
natural beauty of the stone is shown.
The finished product is white and
yellow in color. Forty men are at
present employed in the works, but
this number will be doubled in a short
time. The proprietors expect to
compete with the Mexican onyx, be¬
ing confident that the superiority of
the Utah product will win in the
competition.—[St. Louis Globe-Demo¬
crat.
A race horse clears from twenty to
twenty-four feet at a bound.