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I EDITORIAL t AGLETS.
I it you will hoi 105 to your good
I resolutions they *'H bear fruit in
; doe season.
Eflh Deacon Richani Smith, of the
Gazette, who ought to
j&Bl Joists that J o German vote
will bolt tie third term,
•>
y Silver is sold at cue per cent, pre-
Jfiium by Macon bankers, and yet
Hayes and M . SL'ermau would
BBBB UV< ’ the country l lievc it is a bur
to the government.
NB Mr. Edison’s recent success in de
Htolupmg his elect.ic light has had
<it" •> • • fit.ct on «t.,ci;. 5
over the courlrj. The light has
i^B rt 'Oentiy been tried in several public
..with almost marvelous
| i.
| iillionaires die the same as pc is-
I aiii3 Mr. Alexander Stuart, of New
' who counted his wealth by
i briny millions, died on Tuesday bf
| /pit week. He was a devoted ] res
bjterian, and left princely bequests
to she church and its educational in
w bitions.
I*! * It is stated that when Owens
was haranguing a crowd at Bangor,
i Mainp, & few days ago, and uttering
M manner of profane and foul-
Hiuthed billingsgate against Gov.
Barcelon ajnl his council, the speak
er was vociferously applauded by
(several ministers of the gospel pres
.< it.
i Secretary Sherman, in an inter
iew, said that chile he had always |
Seen a sincere friend of General
P I rant, and had in the main sup-
I orted him during his presidency,
( et he is now, as lie was -four years
, go, of ths opinion that it is not
i ise for General Grant to be a can
data for the third term.
r - 7 .
» Mr. Blaine’s rebellion in Maine i
■ ghinst the legally constituted au
j hprities came near culminating in
i 'ljkodshed a few days ago, but when
Garcelon with firmness a
- Ihatethe eonslitiition >-n i
“aws would be enforced at all hazards ,
the rage of the senator and his fol- j
lowers began very soon to ooze’out I
k at their lingers ends.
Bl That was a mortifying sight at j
Pg Pittsburg, Pa., a few days ago, when j
■ two ministers, rivals for the pulpit!
of the informed Presbyterian church, I
. . get in; a fisticuff in which the con- ,
gregation, taking sides, joined and
a free fight followed. Heads were
bruised, eyes blackened, arms bro
ken, and the church covered with the I
debris. Whose virtue does this ex
■bA Ui -'
H stated that greenbacks are |
already being boaided and that they
are thus practically in progress of j
withdrawal from circulation, and ;
this is given as a. reason why their
legal tender quality should be witL-
L drawn. This is dbubtlsse a bait to ,
h gudgeons. have never be-
V .ore heard of a paper money so good
F that it was necessary to cripple it, to
| keep; it in circulation.
I Air. George Wm. Curtis expresses
B the opinion that the nomination o'
B General Grant for a third term
B would be inexpedient—in his judg
“ inent “the most inexpedient tb:u
I could be made, for provoke
I t’ujp resistance—passive resistance ;.t
L wet—of a large and powerful dais
f republicans whose co-operati n
-as been demonstrated to be esstn-
B, tial to the party’s success n< xt
I year.”
BP “Senator Bayard is reported ns
F exposing the opinion that Grant j
J will be unanimously nominated by
the republican convention. The
'lepublicar. members of congress are!
’ generally of the opinion that the
/early car .ng of the republican con
. vention will have the tendency to
shorten the present session of con
gress. Many of them want io at-
convention, and t ! . .• say
BAkhy will do ail they cab bring
F about an curly a ljotunmeid con
-1 g "
■r ♦-
F S nator J i.r-< .J' Vii iia, in-
F troduccd in the senate an interesting :
L memorial from D.uiel B eng hies, of
[ Fredericksburg, V rginia. lie in-
I forms the country that he it. the in
i' veutor of a method of precipitating
B rainfall from the cloud realm as an
j advance step of mote >rical etgiuecr-
B.jvg- His proposition, asset forth in
Be memorial, ;s to send into the cloud
■ a number ot sma’, balloons
■ simultaneously, filled with canister,
■ jrpekets, etc., charged u ti. dynamite,
I and to explode them w t . magunto-
I Cieeuic msirun jit . lv v : ew to
■ ' precipitate rainfall L concussion
■ J hm. caused. His peu t Jn is some-
H whac migthy, and c-ntei.'ii ox.gruph-
Jr ’ c details ci the innum tra |, e bless-
Rfa ings his invention is to bring .upon
famdy. He isks tor an
‘ h
; Ah’'
The Gainesville Eagle
VOL. XIV.
I
Whal is Money ?
1 Lumpkin C< , Ga., Dec. 27,1879.
1 Editors Eacle—A few days since
our attention was called ‘o the fol
lowing, which appeared in the North
Georgia Anas of November 19th,
J which, for condensed absurdity, is
B seldom if ever surpassed. One or
moro erron ous or false ideas being
presented ii every sentence, a few of
k -which we d-sire to call the attention
I of the read-'rs of the Eagle to. The
Argus says
“Money >s not the creation of gov
ernment. It is the result of labor
in the sam way that bacon and cot
i ton are, md is of intrinsic value,
s There is n-- money but coined metal,
i the intrim c value of which consists
■ ! in the labtr consumed in getting it.
j Like everj other commodity, its value
lessens iu proportion to the cost and
extent of iroduction. When a man
gives an I igle for an acre of land, he
merely eichanges one commodity for
. I another Bank bdls and greenbacks
: are merely promises to pay, and
while so-called, are not strictly and
really money."
It is wi!h unusual zeal that tho re
publican press labors so hard to lead
tho people iuto the delusion that
money is not the creation of the gov
ernment or tho law, but is an element
iu nature or the natural world, gov
! erned and controlled by fixed laws
of nature, the same as the revolution
of the ei.rth, the four seasons or the
animal and vegetable kingdoms. If
it is not.a ci cation of law, it surely
must be the product of nature, and
the money in its native or natural
! state unchangeable only in the loca- (
tion where it originally exists, and ,
afterwards being put into circulation (
as money. If this is the case, we
have failed .thus far in life to find
any such substance in the state of
nature, nor have we been able in any
| works cn political economy to find (
any history of such a substance being j
i money or having a money power.
according to the definition ,
given by modern lexicographers and
the best authors on political econo
my, simply a medium of exchange
I—a measnre of or a unit of values—
j a token of the sovereignty of a gov
i ernmi nt—-clothed by law with legal
i powers to pay debts (or stop interest
i on debts after presentation), without .
j regai 1 to the material of which .t is
j made or the labor required to pro
j duee it. Judge Storey says a debt
I may be contracted to b paid in a .
i currency of one standard value and (
be. paid in another at maturity, pro
vided such currency be the lawful
currency of the government at the i
I time such debt matures. .
We are next told that it has in- j
I tn isic value produced by the labor ,
1 required to produce it. If govern- |
mi nt cannot by law and does not i
! create money, we presume the labor <
| to ? 'reduce it is to gather it in a bas- ;
' kit off the money-tree or plant as (
we do apples or tomatoes and tur- ;
nips. (
The next absurdity that attracts (
our attention is that money has an (
intrinsic value or that intrinsic value |
is a necessary attribute to money. <
There are three kinds of values <
we shall notice—intrinsic, cemtner- t
eial and representative values. In- <
trinsic value v.hich money as money, i
performing the functions of money, <
does not possess is an unchangeable t
value—a value that does not under 1
any circumstauce'changc or lluctuate. (
Abundance or scarcity of an article i
has no effect on its intrinsic value; i
neither does tho amount of labor re- ]
quired to produce it. 1
Nothing possesses intrinsic value
unless it will prolong life or protect ■
from the elements. Flour, meal and 1
j bacon have intrinsic value, because 1
they will prolong life; wool, cotton, '
leather, etc., have intrinsic value, be- 1
! cause they protect from the elements. 1
We will suppose there is only ore
! hundred bushels of meal in Tminp- 1
kin county, and no means of obtain
ing more. Would that amount sus
i tain and prolong the lives of the
; citizens of the county one day longer
than, if there would be a million
I bushels in the county and more easi
ly obtained ? What is true of the i
nreal is true of every other article]
i possessing intrinsic value. Wo read
ilykadmit that tho commercial value
would increase just in the raliO of
the scarcity or abundance bf tho ar
| ticlo.
Neither does the amount.of labor
required to produce an article affect
i tho intrinsic value. If such is the
case, in years of great scarcity or
i crop failures there would bo no euf
! sering or starvation, as was the ease
I during the famine in Ireland in 1847
'or the destruction by grasshoppers
in Kansas iive years ago, when a
man would spend a season’s work
and only harvest a bushel or two of
wheat, corn or potatoes; It would
I support his family or the community
• just as long as if he had produced
i an abundant crop, .if the theory is
i correct that intrinsic value consists
■ | in the amout of labor consumed in
i ! producing it. Commercial value iu
; c» ’uses and decreases according to
j the an uut of labor lequiiod to pro-
duce it. Representative value is the
only value which money does or can
possess as money. The amount of
or the kind of material of which
money is made is fixed by law, which
declares that a certain quantity of
one kind shall represent a certain
value, or that some other kind of
material with certain devices, stamps,
etc., on it, shall represent a given
amount or pay debts or settle a dollar
of account. A mav make a pair of
boots worth five dollars, which re
quires two days’ labor; B*may make
a hat worth five dollars, which re
quires two days of his labor; these
men may exchange products, one
representing the same value as the
other; C may make a table or bed
stead which is worth five dollars,
which he wishes to exchange for a
pair of boots or a hat, but neither
boot-maker nor hatter wants a table
or bedstead, and will not exchange
with C; but C may seek some other
party who is willing to give him a
five dollar greenback bill, which the
law has declared to represent five
dollars or to possess that much rep
resentative value, which he may give
to A or B in exchange for the pair of
boots or the bat. Hence, we see how
money has a representative value as
well as representing the fact that it
is nothing more than a medium of
exchange whereby one person can
conveniently and rapidly exchange
the product of his labor with another
for the product of his labor, which
really is the only legitimate use for
which money is created. The accu
mulation of and lending money for.
interest, gain or usury is nothing
short of robbery, made respectable
by the consent of a mercenary clergy
and being upheld by a venal press.
“There is no money except coined
yietal’’ will also be considered as an
other absurdity worthy cf notice.
Metal of itself is not money, neither
does it possess intrinsic value. Nei
ther does the fact of it being coined
make it money any more than money
coined or stamped on paper. Coined
metal is only money within the pre
scribed limits of the law, as we have
already noticed, and is not money
outside the jurisdiction of the law
under aud by which it is coined.
Coined iron would be money and
perforin the functions of money just
as"•yell as gold or silver if the law
making power should so declare.
Iron comes nearer or really does
possess moro intrinsic value than
gold. Gold and silver are only
commodities possessing commercial
value, nnd have fluctuated as much
in the market as other commodities
usually 7 do, the relative value having
changed frequently since the forma
tion of the United States govern
ment, and silver passed from being
the standard unit of value to not
being money at all in amounts more
than five dollars. Metals—gold and
silver —coined in other countries
than the United States is no more
money in the United States than is
a bushel of wheat, a side of bacon
or a box of Havana cigars or a Dottle
of French brandy. It all together
becomes merchandise. The Argus
does not define what particular kind
of metal should be coined into mon
ey, consequently we will in order to
determine have to go to headquar
ters from where all hard money men
draw their inspiration. 'That will be
to John Sherman, his fraudulency
Rutherford B Hays, old imbecility
(who was elected president but did
not have nerve enough to assert his
rights and vindicate an outraged peo
ple) Samuel J. Tilden, or (the man
who killed the Warner silvir bill)
Thomas F. Bayard, and Jay Gould’s
New York Trihune, which constitute
the leadership of the hard money
and monopoly party of the country.
They all say gold as a money and
national bank notes for a medium of
exchange, which ft -carried into effect
would very soon bankrupt ninety per
cent, of the business men and make
paupers and serfs of the laboring
men and mechanics of the country.
“Bank bills and greenbacks are
only promises to nay and not mon
ey.’’ To this we say .greenbacks are
money between man and man, and
I have beeu so treated by the courts,
i state and federal, and it is within the
power of the law and law-making
power to create and issue a lull legal
tender absolute money and pay off
the last untaxed interest bearing U.
S. bond in existence.
The only correct statement in the
above quoted extract is that bank
notes are not money. Neither are
they. They never have been and
nearer ought to be. A bank of issue
should no moro be tolerated in a
government than gambling dens or
houses of prostitution in a village
town or city. Yours truly,
Verdant.
♦ ♦
The New York ladies are again in
the field against tho practice of ten
dering spirituous liquors to their
gentleman visitors on New Year’s
Day. In addition to signing formal
pledges to use their influence every
way against it, there will be a series
of conferences this week, with a view
of bringing about some kind of or
ganization, with a view of making
their work more effective.
GAINESVILLE, GA., FRIDAY MORNING. JANUARY 2, 1880.
The Impeachment Trial.
It is too late to discuss the im
peachment of Treasurer Renfroe, but
the following from a recent number
of the Georgia Advocate contains so
much of truth and is so much to the
point that we reproduce it:
Here we tread upon political tor
pedoes and approach the salients of
all the devilment and mischief that
frowned from the battlements of the
political legislative summer resort.
In common with all the people we
concurred in the “investigation’’;
movement, and applauded the zeal,’
the industry aud patriotism that un
earthed the frauds in the wild land
office and brought its chief to puijish
ment; and when the cry came forth
that there was official “crookedness’’
in all the departments of state, we
as heartily united with the resporse
of the people for a thorough search
from* the base to the dome of the
capitol.
Every chief was placed under the
ban of suspicion, not excepting the
governor himself, and there were »C -
ators and representatives ready and
eager to accuse and give out to the
country that grave irregularities ex
isted in all the departments, and
that the officials whom the people had
honored and trusted were guilty of
high crimes and misdemeanors.
Every consideration of public pol
icy and every principle of public jus
tice demanded the most searching
investigations of these whisperings
of malfeasance and speculation, and
we willingly drifted with tho popular
current that clamored for the truth
in each particular case; but we were
as innocent as the people of any pur
pose to build a hobby for the dema
gogue, and as ignorant as they of the
political chicane that was grooming
the hobby and training the jockeys
Honest men everywhere spoke out,
and the legislature was assured that
the people would cheerfully pay for
the music if knaves should be made
to dance, but honest men at no time
proposed to punish the innocent, and
the people did not suppose they were
engaging in a crusade against the
democratic party.
It was due to the besmirched offi- I
cials that the people’s representatives I
should fairly and honestly investigate 1
the charges that foul slander had I
whispered into the public ear, and i
the good name of the state, the fair i
fame of the democratic party and the
highest interest' of the people de- '
manded the most rigid scrutiny of
all questioned conduct.
If there was guilt, justice could be
satisfied with nothing short of com
plete exposure and prompt punish- ;
meat, while on the contrary vindica
tion was demanded with equal em
phasis, where proof of guilt was ;
wanting, and where fidelity to public
trusts should be fairly established.
Tho people did not cl mor for a :
victim, but for’ justice. Georgia ,
sought not to ruin and disgrace her
honored sons, but to protect her own ,
interests —to ascertain if her aflairs <
were being faithfully administered —
and to punish only when official cor- '
ruption should be made to appear by i
proof and conviction under the forms !
prescribed by the constitution and i
the laws. 1
The voice of the people was mis- 1
taken for the clang of revolution, '
and “down with the administration!” 1
became the slogan of the demagogue I
the war hoop of the fledgling com- i
bination, the vaudou refrain of the 1
ring turn-popadiddle-boodle of the
independents.
All the elements opposed to the
organized democratic party cohered
for a common purpose, and that to i
break down the democratic adminis
tration and so cripple the party as to
secure its defeat in 1880. Very 1
many good and true democrats were ;
caught in the s..are—honest, upright i
men, whose aim was to purify the i
civil service, to subserve the state’s <
best interest, and to purge the party i
of all Achans that should be found i
with contraband valuables in their 1
possession; and some of them had '
conscientious convictions iu the Ren- <
iioe trial that could uot yield to the 1
potential magnanimity contained in i
the two words “reasonable doubt.” <
Renfroe was acquitted by a consti- i
tutional court, and constitutional I
methods, and there his enemies, and '
the enemies of the administration
should have allowed all bitterness to
subside, and all warfare to cease; but 1
they chose to express their indigna
tion, and to censure the seventeen
honorable senators who, acting upon
the supreme facts that the charge of
corruption had not been sustained,
and that the interest of the common
wealth did not demand his sacrifice,
voted for acquittal.. A sort of dema
gogical charivari arose in the house
aud strange to say the majority in
the senate echoed the monstrous an
omoly, and put upon record the most
unmanly insult and the most contem
tible apology that was over admit
ted to the the journals of any Ameri
can legislative body.
’ It is not our purpose to discuss the
question of Renfroe’s guilt or inno
cence in this article, but to say, in
addition to the foregoing strictures,
that from the close of the testimony
we have been solemnly convinced
that he was justified by precedent,
and not condemned by any law,
that there was no corruption in his
transactions and that Georgia has
never had a more faithful or more
efficient officer; and to say further
that we are profoundly impressed with
the belief that the vindictive fight
upon him aud the heads of the other
departments, after the trial of Gold
smith had less of patriotism than
personal purpose in it, and that the
formation of new political combina
tions and party faction antagonistic
to the democratic party will at an
early day, develop the true inward
ness of the mischief.
English Cookies.
One cup of brown sugar, half cup
> of butter, one egg, two tablespoon
r fuls sour cream, a little soda, cloves,
- cinnamon, nutmeg, make hard
: enough with flour to roll uut; cut in
thin, cakes.
A Terrible Struggle.
The following is telegraphed jrom
Hunter’s Range, Pennsylvania:
About a month ago Miss Alice
Corey, of New York City, came to
visit her uncle, a German, who owns
a small farm in the mountains, six
miles northwest of this place. Miss
Corey is about sixteen years old, and
her parents are well to do. Her un
cle has a daughter, Clara, also aged
about sixteen years. Her father
having but one son, Clara has for
years helped to do the work on the
farm, and she has become an expert
shot with a rifle. She has a mania
f .r hunting and she frequently goes
into the forest in search of game.
A few days ago Clara invited her
cousin to accompany her on a hunt
ing expedition. They started from
the house shortly after breakfast,
Alice with a double-barrelled gun
mid Clara with a rifle. After scour
ing the woods for several hours with
out much success they visited “Dark
Swamp,” This swamp embraces sev
eral hundred acres, is densely wood
ed, and bears are frequently seen
there. The girls reached the edge
of the swamp al noon, and started
into the thicket They had gs» e but
a short distance when Miss Corey,
who was walking a few yard behind
her cousin, heard a crackling noise
in the bushes a short distance back.
Looking around, she saw a large
black bear coming towards her.
Clara, who had frequently encoun
tered these shaggy monsters, called
to her frightened cousin to come to
her. She then drew her rifle to her
shoulder and taking deliberate aim
at the animal, awaited until it came
within easy range, and then fired.
The bear uttered a howl of pain and
fell bleeding. As Clara’s rifle was a
single-Dffrrelled one, she seized the
double-barrelled gun from her cousin
and discharged both barrels at the
infuriated animal, in the hope of
killing it outright. But. with the
disappearance of the smoke from the
gun, the bear was seen writhing, but
not dead. <The brave young woman
then approached cautiously to with
in reaching distance of the wounded
animal, and, taking from a large
leather belt encircling her waist a
bone handled deer knife, plunged it
to the hilt into the bear’s neck. At
this moment the dying monster gave
a sudden lunge and fastened its
sharp claws into the girl’s skirts,
pulling her down. Her frightened
cousin ran about wildly and screamed
at the top of her voice, but as there
was no house within two miles, her
cries were not heard. She then re
turned to where Clara was still strug
gling with the, animal. The bear
still held the girl in her grasp, but
was rapidly growing weaker. The
girl was all the time using her knife
with good effect She dealt the
dying animal blow after blow until it
finally released its hold and rolled
over dead.
Though very much exhausted aud
considerably scratched by the bear’s
clawc, Clara, with the assistance of
her cousin, was soon able to walk.
They marked the spot where the
dead bear lay, and then returned
home. Clara’s father and brother
drove to tl'e swamp and brought the
bear in, which, when dressed, weighed
three hundred and forty pounds.
The skin is to be sent to a New York
taxidermist to be stuffed, and i‘ will
be kept by the young woman as a
souvenir of her terrible struggle and
fortunate escape.
Science, the Fraud.
. <
Stop this scientific business where <
it is, and don’t let it go any further, i
It is robbing life of all that is worth i
living for. Only a short time ago j
one of these scientific joskins anal- f
yzed a tear that had trickled down <
upon the cheek of a lady who wanted f
a new dress, and ne found that it j
contained phosphate of lime, chlo- t
ride of sodium and water. Ever j
since reading that analysis we have 1
lost faith in tears, and no matter 1
what a person is bellering about, we i
can only look at the tears as they 1
flow over a beauty’s damask cheek 1
and think of the phosphate of lime, 5
chloride of sodium and water. The t
infernal analysis has knocked all the I
the poetry of the tears out of us, and i
we feel as though we wanted our <
money back. If the scientist will re- <
fund what he has taken from us, he
can have his old analysis. We would
like to throw him,.in a corner and
jump on him. He has robbed us.
0, give us back them other days,
when tears wers tears, and not lime,
chloride of sodium and other nau
seating drugs.
And now another yahoo has been
at it, and he states that blushing is
caused by the enlargement of the
blood vessels, at the intersection of
the veins and arteries. There goes
another pane of glass mashed ail to '
thunder. Blushing is caused by the
enlargement of the blood vessels is
it? Well, suppose it is! Couldn’t
you have kept it to yourself, you
Ethiopian ? Suppose we go to a
ball, now, like the ball at Oshkosh
week before last, and after dancing a
waltz we take occasion to compli
ment our fair partner, as any gentle
man would if he had any style about
him—and we look up into her inno
cent hazel eyes and peach complex
ion, and what do we see ? We see
the blood vessels are enlarging at
the intersection of the veins with the
arteries. Once we would have no
ticed a rosy blush—but not now !
Ah, no; not now! The scientific
fiend has got in his work on us; he
has accomplished his devilish de
signs; and we stand there like a
butter that is bargaining for beef,
. and notice only the enlargement of
; the blood vessels. Who was the
1 man who first started this thing
■ about blood vessels ? Let him be
bunted out; let us know his name
and residence, so we can see if we
have got a pass on a railroad to the
place where he lives. He is doubt
1 less some chemical cuss, that wanted
- to get a little free advertising. If
, we can find out who he is we will
I give him some advertising that shall
1 not cost him a cent. Blood vessels !
By the etherial.
Excessive Use of Narcotics.
In the increasing use of certain
narcotics which are employed to re
lieve pain and induce sleep there is,
it seems, if we may accept the testi
mony of high authorities, good
ground for serious apprehension.
Dr. Richardson, who had much to do
in bringing chloral into general no
tice, has recently published in the
Contemporary Review an earnest
warning against the habitual and
careless use of all such medicines.
“This growing practice,” he says, re
ferring especially to the practice of
taking chloral, “is alike injurious to
the mental, moral, and purely physi
cal life.” He points out in detail
the serious consequences of the hab
it, and continues: “To my mind, and
I wish to be as open to conviction as
one can be, I fail to discern a single
opening for these lethal agents in the
service of mankind, save in the most
exceptional conditions of disease,
and then only under skilled and
thoughtful supervision from hands
that know the danger of infusing a
false movement and life into so ex
quisite an organism as a living,
breathing, pulsating, impressiona
ble human form." If this warning is
needed in England, it is likely, in
view of the special liability of our
excitable American temperment to
excess, to be still more needed here.
There ic danger in the habitual use
of all stimulants and narcotics.
Whoever becomes enslaved to any of
them—to alcohol, opium, chloral,
absinthe, tobacco, or even, I believe,
to tea and coffee—not only suffers
from the serious physical derange
ments which they directly cause, but
also a certain portion of strength and
independence of character which it
is our chief business here on earth
to cultivate. He runs a very great
risk of falling into a more or less
confirmed condition of mental aber
ration ; he forfeits, according to the
degree of bis enslavement, his self
respect, as well as the respect of
other people, and he suffers a degra
dation of manhood which renders
him less and less capable of the
regular and steady exercise of all
the higher faculties which belong to
a well balanced and faithful life.
How Postage Stamps are Made.
In printing, steel plates are used,
on which iwo hundred stamps are en
graved. Two men are kept hard at
work covering them with the colored
inks and passing them to a man and
girl, who are equally busy at print
ing them with large rolling hand
presses. Three of these little squads
are employed all the time, although
ten Dresses can be put into use in
case of necessity. After the small
sheets of paper upon which the two
hundred stamps are engraved have
dried enough, they are sent into
another room and gummed. The
gum used for this puspose is a pecu
liai’ composition, made of the pow
der of dried potatoes, and other veg
etables mixed with water, which is
better than any material, for in
stance, gum arable, wb.ich cracks the
paper badly. This paper is also of a
peculiar texture, somewhat similar to
that used for bank notes After hav
ing been again dried, this time put on
little racks, which are fanned by
steam power, for about an hour, they
are put iu between sheets of paste
board and pressed in hydraulic
presses, capable of applying a weight
of two thousand tons. The next
thing is to cut the sheets in half;
each sheet when cut, of course con
tains one hundred stamps. This is
done by a girl with a large pair of
shears, cutting by hand being pre
ferred to that of machinery, which
method would destroy too many
stamps. They are then passed to
two other squads, who, in a many
operations, perforate the paper be
tween the stamps. Next they are
pressed once more, and then labeled'
and stowed away in another room,
preparatory to being put in mail
bags for despatching to fulfil orders.
If a single stamp is torn, or in any way
mutilated, the whole sheet of one
hundred stamps is burned. Five
hundred thousand are burned every
week from this cause, For the past
twenty years not a single sheet has
been lost, such care has been taken
in counting them. During the pro
cess of manufacturing, the sheets are
counted eleven times.
The Oldest Newspaper.
Prof. Morley states that there was
no such a thing as a news' aper in
ancient times, the first of such
product! <n being a custom that pre
vailed at Venice in the sixteenth
century of reading aloud at a public
place a manuscript sheet of news of
general interest piepartj by the au
thorities, the sum plflby su-h as
eared to hear the reading of this
document being on%gazetta—a frac
tional coin—and hence the name
Gazette. The London Builder, how
ever, points out that the learned
professor seems at the moment to
have forgotten that not long after
the foundation of Rome the high
priest was directed to exhibit to the
pubic at frequent intervals the chroni
cle (Annales Maximi) he was en
joined to keep. This went on until
the institution of the Acta Populi
Romania Diurna, to which, under
Ciesar, were added the Acta Senatus.
Under the Emperors, copies of the
official Gazette were sent to the
provinces, and in Rome its,contents
were quickly diffused by pcieoms
who made a business of dissemina
ting news contained in it. No copy
has been preserved, but contempora
ry authors refer to it, and occasion
ally interpolate extracts. It appears
to have contained war news, accounts
of gladiatorial contests, popular fes
tivities, personal gossip, and, in a
word, nearly all that goes to make
up a modern newspaper. It also
published, probably for payment, ad
vertisements of auctions, births,
deaths and marriages, etc. Thus,
2,000 years ago there existed an ex
act prototype of the modern newspa
per. Its spirit “was extinguished in
( that frightful epoc which for centuries
saturated the soil of all countries
with gore,’’ and it did not revive un
til the days of printing-
SMALL BITS
Os Various Kinds Carelessly Thrown
Together.
The Griffin News ia seriously al
armed at the growth of intemper
ance in that city.
The Rev. A. Jackson Thomas of
St. Louis, has been convicted of
dealing in counterfeit coin.
Everything has recently advanced
in price except liberty, which remains
at eternal vigilance with liberal re
ductions to the trade.
Dan Rice, tho famous circus man,
announced last Friday that he had
been converted and will at once enter
the field as an evangelist.
The Bo ton Post says, that Ben
Hill contemplates changing his name
to Bunker, so as to save cost of a
monument when he dies.
Notwithstanding the competition
of American companies, 400,000 sew
ing machines were made in Germany
last year, and probably many more
have been made this year.
‘•Well, Johnny,” said a fond moth
er, “hurry up and say your prayers
and get into bed.” “Oh, i’ve fixed
that all right. I’ve hired sis to say
’em for ma this week.”
Minister Noyes is about to make a
trip up the Zvile to brace himself up a
bit before coming heme to take part
in the presidential campaign. How
the ministers of this government do
toil!
John Sherman causes prompt de
nial to be made of the story that he
has struck hands with the third-term
men to help along the nomination of
Grant. Sherman’s bargains are all
in his own interest.
A Mussulman priest has been sen
tenced to death at Constantinople,
his offense being assisting to translate
the Bible into the Turkish language.
The English Ambassador has made a
demand for his release, which demand
will be supports d by Germany.
The Macon and Augusta Railroad
is advertised for sale at Augusta on
the first Tuesday in March next, to
secure the payment of four hundred
and odd thousand dollars due \the
Georgia Railroad as endorser of ’he
bonds of the Macon and Augusta
Railroad.
The Cuban abolition bill provides
for the gradual emancipation of
slaves in Cuba, in 188(5, 1887 and
1888, after eight yeaas of provisional
servitude under their present mas
ters. It is proposed to enact severe
statutes against vagrancy, and to
extend the jurisdiction of courts
martial.
A little more than forty years Ago
all the table cutlery use 1 in the
United Stales came from England.
At present, out of an annual
consumption of nearly. $3,000,000
worth, England supplies but 8 per
cent, and this country not only man
ufactures nearly all tha’ is needed at
home, but ships large quantities to
South America, Australia and Eu
rope.
The remains of John Randolph, of
Roanoke, were removed, last week,
from his former estate to Hollywood
cemetery Va. The
remains were sou ' buried at the
depth of eight feet* The coffin
contained an oval silver plate, with
the inscription: “The Hon. John
Randolph, of Roanoke, Virginia.
Born June 2, 1773. Died May 24,
1833.”
A lawsuit has grown out of t wear
ing by telephone in Cincinnati. A
young woman employed in the Tele
phone Exchange reported that shock
ingly profane language had been sent
from one of the leading business
houses to another. The telephone
was at once removed from the house
whence came the oaths, and the
injured firm have instituted a suit for
damages.
Major Wade Hampton, son of Gov.
Hampton, of South Carolina, died
at his residence in Lake Washing
ton, Washington county, Miss., on
the 22d, of hemorrhage. The sena
tor left Washington as soon as he
heard the tidings of, the illness, but
arrived too late. Major Hampton
served with his father all through
the war, and was seriously wounded
near the close.
Hugh McGlinn kept a livery stable
in San Francisco, did the hardest
*.nd most menial work himself, lived
in a loft among the hay, and ate the
coarsest food. He was so close ai a
bargain when lately brought 10
his deathbed, he refused to employ a
physician, except on the condilion of
no cure no pay. He left $200,000 to
his wife, whom he had many years
before turned away because she
bought a silk dress, and who after
ward earned a living as a domestic
servant
The Keelejjnoto r is coming to the
front again. It consists of a vapor
—produced by peculiar machinery—
which is superior to gunpowder and
far less dangerous. It is capable of
condensation by chemical combina
tions, and the water produced by con
densation has been drank by Keeley’s
friends. The process expands water
just two hundred and fifty times as
much volume as converting it into
superheated steam, so that the pres
sure that can be obtained is practical
ly unlimited.
The absconding of a grain specu
lator with $200,000 from Evansville,
Ind., incites the Courier to say: “In
former days, when professional gam
biers were permitted to ply their
trade on our fine steamboats, it was
a common thing to see three part
ners against one greenhorn in a four
handed game of euchre. The by
stander who interfered to prevent
the gudgeon irom being robbed of
all he hau took his life in his hands,
for the gamblers of thos? days were
freebooters. The grain gamblers
pursue the same course on a larger
scale. They are continually combin
ing to pluck the flash and conceited
contryman ’
zv. i vo r i M i
Legal achertisemunts Aiargei R"v
per hundred wards or fraction Hiere- ■
tion for the first four insertions, -u-<l m
cents for each subsequent inse tion.
Transient advertising will be charged fl ,
for the first, and fifty cents for each • J
insertion. Advertisers desiring larger
longer fme than one month will loeeivl
deduction from regular rates. J
All bills due upon the first app.. sran -e <,
vertisement, .nd will be preset ed at the
of the proprietor. Transient anvertisemei
unknown parties must be paid for in advan
NO. 1
THE JUN FOB Vggg
T-ir Si x will de-.’ with the
year INSO in it- own fashion, t.
well understood bv everybody 1
nary Ist to December 31st it will fIH -
dueled as a uew ■ pipet. writt.-n in
lish laag-.ag-, and printed foi th th
As a newspaper. The Sun believes in
ting all the news of the work promptly, and
presenting it in the mos r , intelligible shape 1 ’
- the shape that will enable its n adore to
keep well abreast of the a e *>:’l »hc '
unproductive expenditure of time. l£he
greatest interest to the greatest numbt'c
that is, the law controlling its daily’
up. It now has a circulation iv
larger than that of any other
newspaper, and corny-: :m
is at all times pr-pared to >i>-• *
for tii- I • :.efr i : h- !'’vl,
eonditmr.- < : lite am’ all wav' ; <s A " -
buy and i- id T i<i: S s. an y
-ati-Z. - .m- - : . fl|
for they kt ep on buying am; ‘ .y ; J
In its comments on men and
Sun believes that the only guide of poiiej
should be common sense, inspired by genu
ine American principles and backed by hon- «
esty of purpose. For this reason it is, and
will continue to be, absolutely independent
of party 7 , class, clique, organization, or in
terest. It if for all, but of none. Ir will
continue to praise what is good and repro
bate what is evil, taking care that its lan
guage is to the point and plain, beyond tho
possibility of being misunderstood. It is
uninfluenced by motives that do not appear
on the surface; it has no opinions to sell,
save those which may be had by any pgr
ehaser with two cents. It hates injustice
and rascality even more than it hates un
necessary words. It abhors frauds, pities
fools, and deplores nincompoops of ev.u ,
species. It will continue throughout the
year 1880 to chastise the first class, instruct
the second, and discountenance the third.
All honest men, with honest convic:ions,
whether sound or mistaken, are its fru ad.,.
And The Sun makes no bones of tub in. tho
truth to its fri-nds and about its iri. uds 1
whenever ofcesion arises for plain speaking.
Thes.? are the principles upon which ! m; i
Sun w'll he conducted during the coming i
year. I
• The year 188t\Hiii i o one in which no J
patriotic Am ican afford to close L\s jfl
eyes to public artairs. Dyis impossible to ’ ■
exaggerate the impori poli. cal
events which it has in stere, or tPtSltf 1
of resolute vigilance on the part
citizen that desires to preserve tho govern
ment that the founders gave us. The de
bates and acts of Congress, the utterances
of the press, tte exciting contests <T the
republican and democratic parties, new
nearly equal in strength throughout the I
country, the varying drift of public senti
ment, will all bear directly ami effect i»-’y
upon the twenty-fourth presidential e c
tion, to be held in November Four yl .rs
ago next November the will of the natl .
as expressed at the polls, was thwarted
an abominable conspiracy, the promoter.-.
and beneficiaries of which still hold tho B
office, they stole. Will the crime of 1876 ’
b : repeated in 1880 ? Thq. past decude of
years opened with a corrupt, extravagant t >
and insolent administration intrenched al
Washington. The Sun did somathing tow
ard dislodging the gang and breaking its
power. The same men are now intriguing
to restore their leader and. themselves to
places from which they wire driven by *.be
indignation of the people. V ill they sue- "-J
ceed?' The coming year will bring the an
swers to these momentous questions. Tim wfl
Sun will be on hand to chronic e the facts
as they are developed, and to exhibit them
clearly and fearlessly in their t«»
expediency aud right.
Thus, with a habit of phii sophleal good i
humor in looking at the uin r art iirs c> J
life, and in great things a- 1 ■ pqr;
to maintain the rights of the people and the
principles of the constitution against all
aggressors, The Sun is prepared to write a
truthful, instructive, and at the same time
entertain’ug history of ISBO.
Our rates of subscription remain un
changed. For thj T >aily Sun, a tour-pag- •"
sheet of twenty-eight cotam—- the price by
mail, post-paid, is 55 cents n uontb, or
$6.50 a year; or, including the Sunm-y na- j
per, an eight page sheet of fifty-six
the price is 65 cents a month, or $7.70
year, postage paid. N
The Sunday edition of The Sun is also
furnished separately at $1.20 xyear, postage
paid. i
The price of the Weekly Sun, eight 1 a-<- J
fifty six columns, is $1 a year, postage W
For clubs of ten sending $lO wc will s< .p fj
an extra copy free. Address ,
L W. ENGLAND, I
Publisher of The Sun, New York Cit. / fl
d—ci 'Z «
PIANOS &
fl
at’... ■ ’■xt'’- for Jatro.i ; 4-
tisement. New plan of selling: No
No Commissions ? Instruments shippui
direct from Factory to purchasers. MiedV
men’s profits saved. Agent’s ra.es fg all.
Only house South selling on this plan.
PIANOS, 7 oct. $125, 7 A oct $155; Square
Grands $227 ORGANS, 9 stops $37;
stops s7l; 13 stops, Mirror Top Case,
New, handsome, durable. 6 years’ g'’° V
tee. 15 days’ test trial. Purebasei-s c/’**
from ten leading maJ-ers and , u \
styles. Join this gigantic 4
chasers and secure an instrum
sale rates. Special terms to Music
ers, Churches and Pastors.,- Address f®
Introduction Sale circulars ll
LUDDEN A BATES, Swniiah, Va, I
dtcpjit _
MILJLINEKY
Mis§ Lizzie Carroll desires to announce
to her friends and customers that she 1t,4,
reconsidered her determination to lerpja
Gainesville, and will make it her permanent
home. She has ordered and will have ua
her shelves next week a splendid stock <1
goods. And on .
Wednesday, October the
* ■ !~W
She will have her I
IV’till
Os Millinery Goods. Ail beai.tii'ul
please the Ladies. Her stock is the
she has eves brought to this market. 1; ■
chased very LOW, and she will off 1 J B
THE CLINAIU!
ATI') O vjE
To the ITni.ie I take this
returning thanks to my numero'.>
for their liberal patronage during my
proprietorship of the Newton Hoiw/B
Athens. On the 31st of December m. pB
prietorship oi the Newton Hous* wi!lc. ;i J
id which time 1 will open the Clinaid •! .jB
pleasantly located ou Clayton strm • zl
the principal business in A:
where I hep- and -Tlir® . fo>
ions, and the traveling pul.ln
p -.v1,. 1 viOtieig Ath.-n-, p
to do all 111 rnv po>v< r for the.
a. i' < • i.rM
Athens, Gu.. Dec. Is7'.>. J. jSES
-
TREMONT rOll
? Mf-TPAL ‘Lj-M
This popular hotel h..s n . >g,
fitted, having aecornn. ju -t, ,
gib sts, and will continue tn •■ ,
"i