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"IgrlctiUural Department.
i irtmrrr ir-T~ _JL_ *■ P
f CROP estimates.
j We see, at the present time, esti
mates of the growing, crop, pub
lished in the North, as high as 5,000,-
000 boles and over, and in the South
,as low as 3,000,000 hales and under,
, both statements being proved satis
factorily and clearly to the writers.
And yet to those who have already
watched the development of the
i plant thus farf there would appear
to be very little of wisdom displayed
in either of these results. Arguing
from the past two crops, and the
kftrtrn faets with regard to the pres
ent crops, we cannot see any basis
for the larger estimate j and unless
we ate to suppose that the balance
of the season is to he very unfavor
able the smaller figures are clearly
unauthorised.
1. The extreme possible limit of
this year’s growth, with every con
dition favorable through the season,
'is, it strikes iiS, Very easily reached.
Take as the basis of the argument
theeeason of 1870—it would be un
reasonable to expect ever to have a
more favorable year for cotton. The
total crop that year was about 4,-
452,000 bales (or say 100,000 bales
more than marketed) from 8,885,545
across (according to the Agricultu
ral which would be
about | bale to the acre. As to the
average production per acre, we
would refer our readers to The
Chronicle of June 29, page 871,
where they will find the subject dis
cussed on the basis of returns re
ceived from the South. This year
the acreage according to our state
ment of Juue 8 is 8,867,647 acres
or not materially different from
1870, and hence 4,4-50,000 hales
would he the extreme limit of the
product provided every circumstance
of planting and cultivation and
weather was as favorable as in 1870.
2. But if we compare the two
seasons (1870 with 1872) we think
there are some circumstances, which
have already occurred, not. favorable
to a full crop. First, it was univer
sally admitted that there was about
one-third less manures used than in
1870. This circumstance lias, we
think, been overlooked in some quar
ters ; we should estimate it as equal
to a.falling off in the jKissibilities of
the yield of ;iit least 100,000 bales.
One of our correspondents says that
some uplands w hich will only pro
duce 125 lbs. of lint per acre with
out manure, can, by its use, be
brought up to 209 llw. This is a
good illustration of the effect of ma
nures on production. Second, the
season lias not thus far been ns pro
pitious as last year. This remark
needs qualification in as much as we
now have growing, cotton planted
under two very different combina
tion of circumstances—the early
plantings and the late plantings.—
The seed early put into the ground
came up satisfactorily, and the sub
sequent drought did it no harm hut
good, as it served to early develop
the tap root of the cotton, which
always results in healthy, strong and
productive plants. The later seed
(which in some States was equal to
about one-third the entire planting)
lay in the ground without germina
ting through the drought : the first
rains brought it up, not in all cases
evenly, however. And the frequent
rains since (in many sections) have
resulted in no abundant growth of
surface rather than deep roots and a
rapid and sufficient development of
the plaiit. These conditions are not
favorable to the greatest productive
ness.
:}. We conclude, therefore, that
as tim quest ion stood a week ago we
could not, oven with the most favor
able circimfstanres during the re
maimier of the seas m, anticipate a
crop fully up to I*7o, so that these
very large estimates which are float
ing about are not entitled to any
credit. I>f course, in tin* above we
have made no count of the untavor
fe’de rep. rts received by telegraph
to uigl' - ; nit tiie flier- o which »e
have ivm o led our readers will, if
k- pt in mind, help them to give the
proper weight to every report,
which r lies id- or -e\ i .—77 e Con -
w r 'at k Finonch'l CliKQiticle.
CAUSES OF DEW,
If dew fell, it would tail for the
same reason that mill bills; lmt dew
does not ill!. I —it is simply n deposit
of moisture, always contained in the
air to agr nter or a lesser degree,
and which, when there is enough of
i’, will always form on any cold
1) tdv exposed to the moist air. in
precisely the same way that a cold
bottle t>r stone, taken from a cold
c dlar and suddenly exposed, in the
shade, to she moist, warm Summer
itir, will become wet; this is not
sweating, nor does this moisture
come out of the bottle or stone, as
many people believe, but from the
air. It is for the same reason that
moisture will condense against the
window-panes when the air is cold
outside, and moist inside, the mois
ture slowly freezing, while its de
posits form crystals of ice, which
we, so often admiro in Winter
When the weather is cool enough,
the moisture deposited will even
freeze on plants and grass, and then
we call it hoar frost; if it does not
freeze, it is simply dew. The only
point left to be explained is, why
does the ground become so cool dut
ri rig the night, so much cooler than
the air above ft, iss te cause 1 the lat
ter to deposit its moisture f This
was for many years & vexed prob
lem, tiH Wells first suggested the
radiation of obscure heat, which
takes place from the surface of the
earth through the clear atmosphere
into the space above, and so causes
the surface to become much cooler
than the air itself. He demonstra
ted this by means of thermometers
E laced at different heights, and also
y the fact that dew is only deposi
ted on cloudless nights. ’When
there are * clouds, they reflect the
heat, or prevent it from escaping.—
The surface of the earth thus being
kept from cooling, no dew is depos
ited.—Manufacturer !f Builder.
SAVE THE SHEEP FROM DOGS.
We have frequently recommended
bells—one secured to the neck of
every sheep—as a certain protection
against dogs. A keeper of sheep in
one of the New England States
writes, that in his locality every
sheep and lamb must be belled to
save them from dogs and from wild
cats, which latter will take a lamb
quietly, not disturbing the flock as
much as dogs. They rarely visit
the same flock or neighborhood suc
cessive nights. I know two flocks
kept in adjoining pastures; one
had a bell on each sheep and latfeb ;
these were never disturbed ; the oth
er without bells were destroyed by
the cats. Driving the flock home
and folding within a few feet of the
house proved rio protection. I had
a small flock kept beside a thorough
fare, which would be chased by the
passing dogs out of the lot and so
frightened that I could not keep
them without fetters, when the dogs
would get tnem down and tear them.
I bought bells- all strapped and
buckled for 12c. each ; put one on
each sheep and lamb, which so
frightened the dogs that the sheep
became very during, and I had no
further trouble from the dogs.
Sheep killers and lamb stealers are
usually thieving cowards. They
know better than to touch the harm
less flock. Hence, when every sheep
begins to rattle a bell, the sneak
thieves will think more of skedad
dling away from the slieepfold than
of drinking the smoking blood of
the inoffensive sheep. The price of
one fat shCep will purchase a chime
of hells that will save a flock.—A’. Y.
Observer. V
Essential Qualifications of a
Sfcckssfi'L Farmer. —Few persons
imagine how much knowledge, and
especially what varied knowledge, it
is necessary a man should possess to
he a successful farmer. There is
scarcely a branch of science which
is not intimately connected with Ag
riculture. It is true a farmer may
be the most ignorant of men, and
yet obtain good profits out of his
holding; but this success is due to
incidental circumstances beyond his
control, and from which he profits
ignorantly. Experience goes a long
way, but study is necessary especial
ly study during youth. A theoretic
al farmer, without any practice or
experience whatever, will probably
lose his money ; but a man v\ ho hai
experience and also knowledge
drawn from books, will, other
things being equal, make $250,
where another, who has experience
onlv, without the assistance and
hints given bv the study of various
subjects and sciences, will only
make 8150. Agriculture, or rather
farming, is generally considered a
matter of luck and cliancß; iill
faults and' errors are laid to th •
weather, but the fact is, that agri
culture is a very exact science.—
Liebig.
GOOD NEWS TO PEACH GROWERS.
The Sr. Joseph Herald gives the
result, of the application of hot wa
ter anil ashes to peach trees to erad
icate the yellows:
The yellows which has been such
a bane to peach orchards, promises
so to continue no longer. Simulta
neously from the East. South and
West, conics word that the tree re
vives, puts forth new foliage, and
ripens its fruit under the influence
of hot water and ashes. John
Whittlesey, Esq., was the first in
this vicinitv to announce the discov
ery of fiingoiilal disease at file root
of the tree. Mr. Tlios. Meehan, of
i lie C,ardours' Monthly, shortly after
announeed his investigation in the
same direction. The investigation
of Prof. Kcd'z, of I.ai s'ng State
Agricultural College, on the yellows,
led him to the same conclusion.
We are safe in saying that the
right direction has at last been
readied in tin 1 investigation of this
disease and its remedy. As yet the
subject lias not been exhausted, nor
liasCertainly been reached in the
eradication or cure of the evil.—
This, however, is certain, that the
application of hot water and ashes
lias saved many trees. Query —ls
this due to the action of heat alone ;
and if so would not a peck of un
slacked lime about' the collar of the
tree, well covered up, by slacking,
produce beat enough to accomplish
the same, result !
Every tree in every orchard ought
to have a pail of hot water poured
around the collar of the tree every
Spring. This would accomplish two
results, namely: It would kill the
peach borer or grub, and arrest the
yellow in its incipient stages. Eith
er one of these results would amply
compensate the labor involved.
THE FUTURE OF SOUTHERN FARM
ERS.
Mr. John H. Dent, in the Practi
cal Planter, after expressing the
opinion that foreign white labor can
never be made available to any
considerable extent in cotton culture,
thus states his views as to what
Southern farming should and must
be henceforward, in order to be
truly successful:
My impression is, the present sys
tem of cotton planting on the large
scale in which it is now carried on,
must be abandoned, and gradually
it will become a part of diversified
agriculture, when the policy will be,
from improved culture, to make an
acie planted in cotton make a hale
or more; so in reducing the acreage
planted the amount raised will not
be diminished. Such, I think, will
be the tendency in the future for
raising cotton. As regards agricul
tural machinery'ford Southern farm
ing, we must adopt it; it is inevita
ble, but it will be gradually done,
and not until we have more intelli
gent labor than we have to handle it.
We are now using labor-saving
plows, horse reapers, threshers and
separators, but they can only be
intrusted with while laborers, that
is, a white man must superintend
the using them, if negroes are em
ployed as assistants. Place reap
ers, threshers and separators in
charge of a parcel of negroes, and
no white man to superintend their
running, and shipwreck would soon
be their fate ; and as regards riding
cultivates, I consider them not
adapted to successful culture; the
plow attached to them cannot be
properly managed, to be made to do
good work: But these and culiva
tors in use, managed by the plow
man on foot, that do good work and
are good auxiliaries as labor-saving
implt menti; a plowman must be on
foot to manage any plow or cultiva
tor properly—this riding business is
all fancy—and nothing practical in
it. Southern planting or farming,
to be made profitable, must be con
ducted on small farms, by thorough
preparations and cultivation of the
soil. It is impossible to keep up the
fertility of the soil and fencing on
large plantations; and no one can
afford to tend exausted lanes with
hired labor; hence we say the aver
age of land cnltivated must be cur
tailed and be tr ade to produce large
y to the acre, If not, there will be
no profit in farming. The average
product of the cotton plantation is
not more than a bale to five acres.
Would it not be best to manureand
cultivate fifty acres, so as to make
what two hundred and fifty now
make ? It would certainly save
much capital now invested in lands
and mules labor. When labor
was cheap, costing nothing more
than fond and .clothing, we could
afford to tend poor lands, but when
scarce and high priced, the policy
is to make the land fertile and pro
duce largely. Thus, our plantations
will be decreased in the acres tend
ed, so as to lessen the expense in
hands required, and increase the
crop prospect; it is the only plan
on which they can be managed
profitably.
Care of Horses at Night. —Few
men who handle horses give prop
er attention to the feet and legs.
Especially is this the case on farms.
Much tune is spent of a morning in
rubbing, brushing and smoothing
ihe hair on the sides and hips, but at
no time are the feet examined and
properly cared fir. Now, be it
known, that the feet of a horse re
quire more care then the body.
They need ten times as much,
Ibr in one respect they are alinosi
ihe entire horse. All the grooming
ilint ran he done won’t avail any
thing if the horse is forced to stand
where his feet will he filiyh. In
itiis case ihe feet will become dis
ordered, add then the legs will gel
badly out of fix ; and with bad feet
■ml lees, there is not much else of
the horse fit for anything. Stable
pri-oos are generally severe on the
Iceland legs of horses; and unless
hese buildings can afford a dry
mom, whi re a horse can walk
arnund, lie down, or roll over, they
are not half So healthy and comfort-,
aide to the horses as the pastuie
arid should be avoid* and by all goal
hostlers in the country. —North
British lie-view.
Freckles are an affliction, espe
cially to those who pride themselves
on their prettiness. We have known
young ladies and gentlemen who
would have given any sum within
their reach, to have removed freck
les fom iheir face*. We lay before
ihe world of beauty and fashion, the
fidlowirig recipe, w hich infallibly, re
moves freckles alier few applica
tions night and morning. Powder
ed nitre, moistened wiih water, in
cludes all ihe ingredients. The ni
tre can be produced at any diug
store.
It is said that the use of red pepers,
steeped in cider, is the best prevent
ive and the most certain cure for the
Kutrid sore throat in use. Itraould
e used as a “gargle," and a little
swallowed occasionally.
FOB THE CAMPAIGN.
THE BAVANNAH
Morning News.
The approaching Presidential aanvaa, judg
ing from the extraordinary condition of our po
litical affairs, will be the meet interesting, ex
citing, and hotly- contested campaign in the
history of the Repnblie, and its progress will
be watched with feverish anxiety by thousands
who haye heretofore taken but slight interest
in elections.
In order to place ia the reach of all that
widely-known medium of the freshest and fa
test intelligence, the Bava»bah Morxino
News, a liberal subscription schedule has been
arranged.
From the first of July to the first of Novem
ber, or from the first of August to the first
of December—four mouths inclusive —the dif
ferent editions of the Mobbibo Nbws will be
sent to snbscribers on the following terms;
Daimt 93 SO
Tmi-Wanuv 1 50
Wbbkly 50
In the atiring time* jnst ahead, the Mobbibo
NEW.! will be in the van of all its contempora
ries in the extent, variety and freehneaa of its
intelligence, and its readers will lose none of
the salient points of the campaign.
Money may be sent by express at the risk
and expense of the Proprietor.
Address J. H. EBTILL.
Savannah, Ga
/ORGANIC LAW OF THE BEXBB—Condi
v lions which impair vitality, positive and
negative electricity, proof that life ia evolved
without nnioD, effect of tobacco, influence of
fish and pboaphoric diet, modern treatment of
pelvic diseases, stricture and varicocele, and
arrest of development; ten lectures to his pri
vate surgical class, by EDWARD H. DIXON,
M. D„ 42 Fifth Avenne, N. T. i64 bages,
25 cents. “Every line from the pen of Dr.
Dixon is of great value to the whole human
race,” — Hornet Greeley.
COLLEGIATE AND COMMERCIAL IN
STITUTE, New Haven, Conn. Prepara
tory to College, Business, Scientific Schools.
U. 8. Military and Naval Academies. Fall
Jession, 36th year, begins Sept. 13. For Cata
-sgue, address Gen. WM. H. RUSSELL, Prin
cipal. " ’ -
Beject sU Violent Purgatives. They min
the tone of the howls and weaken the diges
tion. Tar rani's Effkkvesouit Skltzer
APEltixav. is used by rational people as a
means of relieving all derangements of the
stomach, liver and intestines, because it re
moves obstructions' withont pain and imparts
to the organs which it purities and regulates.
SOLD BY ALL DKUGGIBTB.
AGENTS Wanted. —Agents make more mon
ey at work fur us than at anything else.
Business light and permanent Particn'ara
free. G. Stinson & Cos., Fine Art Publuhtrt.
Portland, Maine.
SPRING
—AND—
SUMMER TRADE
1873.
Buyers, Look to Your Interest!
WE ARE DETERMINED to
decrease out large stock, and
in order to give an extra Impetus to
Business we are determined to
Mark All Our Goods Down!
We shall from this day sell
CLOTHING,
HATS,
—AND—
GENT’S FURNISHING GOODS
at astonishing low prices. Our
Goods have all bee t selected, this
Spring with great caie, anti the
styles and prices will suit the most
fastidious and economical. From
our large and varied stock of Fine
and Medium Ready-made
CLOTHING,
HATS, •
CAPS,
STRAW GOODS,
You will have no trouble to select at
prices to suit yourselves.
To Country Merchants, we offer
Special Inducements I
OaJl and examine lielore purchas
ing elsewhere.
Kusel Bros.,
250 Broad Si., Under Globe Hotel,
AUGUSTA, GA.
May !). 1872. n
SAVANNAH,
- Ga.
Possessing powerful invigorating
Those Bitters are positively invaluable in
They purify the system, and will cure
Remittent and Intermittent Fevers,
and are & preventive of Chills and Fever.
All yield to their powerful efficacy.
■ Are an antidote to change of Water and Diet. -
{ to the wasted frame, and correct all t
k Will eave days of Buffering to the eick, and «
V The grand Panacea for all the ill* of life. (j
Tie Standard
. 0,
RRIiSTy 01 Young or Old, Karri. VKACJICB.
Single, three Bitten an na^.
' S rquall*! and have efun bees theQ
4 m«nn» of earing life.
\ !. Vf*-. Jg
FRANK & ECKSTEIN,
131 BEOXTQHTOU ST., GhA..,
Rave now 111 Store, and for sale, an extensive Stoek of Staple and Fancy DRY GOODS of every variety, at greatly reduced
prices. Give them an early call if yon wish a good bargain.
11 NEW ST*.
New York.
—; — : —r»?n —> i —e
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Id Jon sib odw wtoHiT j - ; J - j ()
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Jefferson News & Farmer
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* : -3JI od v v•-, •' * L :7,r .josl w
8*01t1872.
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reasonable. Address
£• If*. Roberts JSro .
LOUISVILLE, GA.
BERND BROS., -s*
44 THIRD STREET, MACON, GEORGIA
MANUFACTURERS OF AND
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN
LADIES MEN’S AND BOYS’ SADDLES OF ALL KINDS.
CARRIAGE, BAROUCHE, PHEATON and SINGLE and DOUBL#<
BUGGY HARNESS, WAGON HARNESS, SINGLE &
DOUBLE, for four, six, and so on, STAGE AND
CART HARNESS, WOOL FACED COLLARS.
We manufacture the above extensively, and are therefore prepared to fill orders at ‘short no
tice Also keep constantly on hand a complete stock of
SADDLERS’, HARNESS, SHOEMAKER’S HARDWARE b TOOLS.
HARNEBS LEATHER, SKIRTING, OAK AND HEMLOCK SOLE EATHER.
KIP, CALF AND LINING SKINS, LACE AND PATENT LEATHER OF ALL KINDS
ENAMELED MUSLIN, DBILL AND DUCK, PLAIN AND FIGURED.
® U KT3[> Carnap*. Wagon, Riding and Drovers’ Whip*.
Linen and Woolen Covers for horses, Ely Nets, Linen and Woollen Byggy Robes, etc.
EdP 1 Merchants, Planters and all, will find it is their interest to purchase
our goods. Do not fail to call or order from us.
We pay cash for all kinds of Furs and Skins, Hides, Leather in tin
rough, Tallow, Wax and Wool.
Macon, Ga., May 28 2871. —tla*.