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• ret Tuesday in the mouth;between the hours ol
■ to*»40on and three in the afternoon, at the
('rnin 4 Totts&.i|i_ thercoar.ty m. which the property is sit
uated. : ,
Notice of thesesales n%ast be given in a puhliega-
z#Hfjlit,day»piie»ious to fife day ofsalo. *
V >fi -as for the sale ofjtersona! property must begiv-
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ilo tli is debtors and creditors of an estate must
.|>ahltstie - l It) days.
o i'.H^smiicjition will be made to the Court of
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®tTiW^ro- forejjwure of Mortgage mn-d bo published
rejb,i l k’'i(nr {rinr vianth*—for establishing lost papers.
f<V/sLhjyf'^ sparsef /It rce mnn1k$—fur*'pnmpelKugtiHes
ornduiiiiistrutor*, wiser** fafind ha
GREAT SPEECH
iiov
OK TIIE
€. E. VAEEA.VDIVGUAJI,
l i’O.V THE WAR,
Latch) delivered in the House of llepr,
| North and tlie South, an<l no liiieof j shall.be wiseVnexTtime. Let not cot-
| httitudojiip.on which to separate; and j tonUe king, but peace-maker, ami ni-
>\T*r a line of longitude shall .he LutriLJJie blessing.
cd;/—Jit demands the stoppage of the j their chasms or penetrate themrork- j with foreign fleets-and
War—Ills idea of the Relations of the i^st sides. Tlie electric telegraph fol- ! us. will be fifty-fold
States. j lows, and, stretching its connecting 4han ever before. *•
What tlien, I ask, is the immediate^
direct cause of disunioiMtul civil war/
Slavery it is answered. Sir, that is ' tial, and, therefore, the most dan
the philosophy of the rustic in the
play—“that a great cause of the night
is lack of the sun.” Certainly slavery
Was in one sense—very obscure in
deed—the cause of the war. Had
there been no slavery here, this pat
Sir, an anti-siavery paper in New
York', (the 'fmhitnc) the most intlucn-
lows, and,
(Concluded.)
Can the Union of these States he restored/
IIow shall it he done/
And why not? Is it historically im
possible? Sir the frequent civil wars
and conflicts betw
stretchin
^ lorn
its voca"
heaven.
But if disunion in
force a
would uev-
a like sense
ous of all that class—it would ex
hibit more dignity, and command
more of influence, if it were alwavs
to discuss public questions and pub
lic men with a decent respect—laying
aside now the epithets of “secession
ist” and “traitor,” has returned to its
ancient political nomenclature, ami
callscertain men of this house “pro-
slaverv.” Well, sir, in the old sense
n.ed, liio full space of three
continued according to
m'* .Aliens otherwise ordered
I-’75
4 50
3 00
4 00
*,RjA T r: S :
■oracmip4»<i'Hlion, See.
-,.iry from Admr'n.
(JuanliausBip.
o l) Land or Negroes
Tubtms.auticreiiitovi*. 3 00
nAp.-monal property, ten days, 1 sqr. 1 50
laud or negroes by Executors, Jtc. pr sqr. 5 00
•a-tivo weeks l 50
fnan advertising his wife(in advance,) 5 00
BOOK-BINDING
j tablished, it will be east of the Missis- common interest, then still re
| sippi Valley, ’l’he Alleghanies are no ! mains to us. .-And Union/gr the com-
j longer a barrier. Highways' iisceifd'^ilhm defense, at the eifd of this war,
sen fat ires of 1 hr. United States -Ilis | them everywhere, and the railroads j taxed, indebted,• impoverished, ex-
viev's on the Crisis—His prunosedrem-\ no 'y cbmb their summits and span j hausted as both sections must le, and
’ ’ armies uound
more esiential j ticular war about slavery
j---, , vmwi.ipiijituo.iv.m suu.c And finally,' sir, j er have been waged, in
-m-g tint clouds, there mingles : without Union our domestic tranquili-1 the holy sepulchre was j. 120 cause oi
ightnings with the fires of! ity must forever remain unsettled. If the war ot the Crusades; and had
| it cannot be maintained witlin the j Troy or Carthage never existed, there of the term as applied to the Demo-
tlie East w ill : Union, how then outside of -it j never would have been * Trojan and craiic party, 1 will not object. I said
separation of any of these | without an exodus or colonization j Carthagenian war, and no such person- years ago, and it is a fitting time to re
states, and a boundary line, purely | of the people of one section jr the ages as Hector and Hannibal; and 110 peat it:
conventional, is at last to be marked j other to a distant country? Sit, I re- ! Illiad or zEnead would ever have “If to love my country; to cherish
Greece did not prevent their cordiaU out ’ nu,st and Wld bc e i tber from j peat that two govornmc!’ts ‘interlink- j been written. But far better say the Union; to revere the‘Constitution;
union to resist the Persian invasion* • ^* a ^ c Erie U P 0U tbe sbor t e& t line to. j ed and bound together every vay by that the negro is the cause of the war; if to abhor the madnbss and hate the
nor did even the thirty vears Pelo ion' ' tbe O b, ° n v ^ r » or from Manhattan to ; physical and social ligaments, cannot j for had there been no negro here, treason which would lift up a sacrili-
nesian war, sprino-inff‘in part froin th" ’ tllC Canadas - * | exist in peace without a common ar-| would be no war just now. What | gious hand against either; if to read
abductiomof' slaves"’and embittered And now sir, is there any difference j biter. Will treaties bind us? What | then? Exterminate him? Who de-j that in the past, to behold it in the
and disastrous as it' was let Timer- °^. race h? reso radical as to forbid re-1 belter treaty than the Constitution? ! mands it? Colonize him? How? | present, to foresee it in the future of
didos speak—wholly destroy the fUt" un iP n - I do not refer to the ifegro j What more solemn, more durable? I Where? When? At whose cost? Sir Ihis land, which is of more value to us
lowship of these states? The ; s " ! ra< * l N styled now, in unctuous official : Shall we settle our disputes then bv : let us have amend of this folly. J and to the world for ages to come
Romans ended the "three years' social P ! , irase ! b . v tm ' President, “Americans, arbitration-and compromise? Sir, let i But slavery is the cause of the war. j than all the multiplied millions who
war after manv hlrmdv h-itcl. s . 1! °1 African descent.” Certainly, sir, I us arbitrate and compromise now, in- Why? Because the South obstinate- , have inhabited Africa from thccrea-
mucb attrocitv liv' ■uhnittinrr i tkere are two white races in the Uni- j side of tbc? Union. Certainly it will j ly and wickedly refused to restrict or i lion to this day!—If this is tobepro-
of Italy to alfthe priviie-es'of R m'" ! tcd Statcs ’ both from tbd S91nc com- | be quite as easw. • i abolish it at the demand of the phi-| slavery, then in every nerve, fibre,
citizenship—the very object to secure ! n . 10U stock ’ an , d >‘ et s .° distinct—one of i And now sir, to all these original j losophers or fanatics and demogogues j vein, bone, tendon, joint and ligament,
•eclionalisrh_
a dismtegcatierr .
jealousy an?E2!Si-these. sir, are tlie only -
c ®l n ® n . t ^®f con di c t between these States,
aad jet not at
families, communities, towns, citie^doito- A
tics and States ; and iY nq^fcepresseirwould
aisaflve’ aii- ’.'
They exist also between o7L.r"sections
than the North and Sovitln. .Seefionalisux
EastTniany } r e5rs ago, sfi^thevSfcntb and
West united by ties of geograjdncal positton •
migration, intermarriage and interests, and
thus strong enough to control the power
1 qnd policy of the Union. It found' us
divided only by different forms of labor;
and with consummate but guilty sagacity,
it seized upon the question of slavery as
the surest and most powerful instrumen
tality by which to separate the West from
the South, abd hind her wholly to the '
North. Encouraged every way from
abroad by those who were jealous of our
prosperity and greatness, and who knew
the secret of our strength it proclaimed
the “irrepressible conflict” between slave -
and freo labor. It taught the people of the
North to forget both their duty and their in
terests ; and aided by the artificial liga-
meuts and influence which monoy and enter
prise had created between the seaboard and r
the North west, it persuaded the people of
that section, also, to yield up every tie
which hinds them to the great valley of.,
tlio MiMimippi, mul to join their pollllcill
fortunes especially wholly with the East.
It resisted the fugitive slave lav,', and
demanded the exclusion ot slavery from
all the Territories and from this District,
and clamored against the admission of any _
more slave States into the UnioD. It
-- - j
which those States had taken un arms j tbeni 80 peculiar that they develop j causes and motives which impelled. , . .
w>i. 11 , - 1 - two torms of civilization, and might il ie Union at first, must be added cer-; was abolition, the purpose to abolish . the last extremity ot the toot, 1 am all
j of the North and West. Then sir, it from the topmost hair of the head to
The border war between Scotland and
England, running through centuries, i
did not prevent the final Union, in
peace and by adjustment, of the two
kingdoms'underone Monarch. Com-;
or interfere with and hem in slavery, j over altogether a pro-slavery man.”
which caused disunionami war. SI a- | And now, sir, I come to the great
promise did at last what ages ’of coer- fro,,l Uw non-slaveholding States.
belong, almost to .different types ol j tain artificial ligaments, which eighty
mankind. But the boundary of these j years of association under a common . , . -.-•1-1
two races is not at all marked by the J government mostly developed. Chief! Ve r. v is only the subject, but aoolition i and controlling question witmn which
line which divides the slat^holding | alu0I1 ,r these are canals, steam navi-1 t- be cause of this civil war. It was | the whole issue ot union ojr cb»
j s t \— on “irrepressible
B i gation, railroads, express companies, j persistent and determined agita-j bound up:
non-slaveholding States?
Tue Subscriber i.t now pre I cion and attempted conquest had fail- ,ace ‘ s to be tlie geographical limit of i the post office, the newspaper press, | fi° n in the free Sta.tes.of the question,
in 0 ali^'rSSf; j to effect. England kept the crown ! ±7^11* ^ ,? li,son • J,u<! Dixon cau ! ^ that terrible agent of good and i of abolishing ^veryn,,.^ ib ,^ uthe
Ol'I Books rebound, &c.. ! while Scotland gave the king to wear j 1 .* • \ * , , . . . i evil mixed—“spirit of health and yet , ^mitct n »%^ V ecn the- forms of labor Caro
MUSIC bound in the bc»t style, c.axk Books | ; t alu ] t he memories of Wallace, the
iniilaMnnnl fn nr.ipr Promnt ftt.tentiftfl W ill b0 • ’ i tic
manutactured
oiver. to ail
MilledgeVrr
•dcr. Prompt attention
k entiustcd to me.
S. J. KIDD.
-=*«, Fcv?cj «! t'niou OCicc.
SPECIAL HOI to. "
| Bruce of Bannockburn, became part of
- ti>o glories of British history. I
i Next, sir, do not the causes which in 1
j the beginning impelled to union, sfiil
j exist in their utmost force and cxront?
I Lj.
1
J-'IIK iniih !>y-t:: d lmvinfr remr vod from Mil-
lcdgeviile Ct f i.‘ ^ j,nd intends to clone up his
business mutters of that place speedily as possi
ble. All persons indebted are notified that the
i:o‘, es and accounts are in tlio hands of J. A.
Bitr.CDI.iivi;, and P. H. Lawi.eu, who areautbori
zed to collect and make settlemei is If not ar
ranged at an eai !y u -iX-, settl&ments will be enforced
b\ law.
13 tf. A. 0. VAIL, Agent.
filled all England with cruelty and
slaughter; yet compromise and inter-
would have followed
Gb- thirteen colonies.
marriage ended the suite at last, and j 115011 .. cnage, •neof.the strongest of I powerful ee
red \\cvo blend- i t.m ngamctu- w j 1 j c j l |,j 11( ] a people, union. The 1
Must
cottou and rice fields of South
_ , Junnu^NWWvecn thtr-forms of labor , Carolina, and the sugar plantations of
goblin dafnned if free, the 1 in the two sections, or in the false and j Louisiana,” in the language of Mr.
?L tr “uppf«t iiistruJiicnt of mischievous cant of the day, between j Seward, “be ultimately tilled by free
1 . t j je pfaguetic ' freedom and slavery, that forced a col- j labor, and C harleston and New Orleans
' ” ’ ’ ' -1 become marts for legitimate inerclmn-
- disc alone, or else the rye fields and
heat fields of Massachusetts and
. V ' - 1m. „iii;rr>i.Vl.'A>d hv
;eir farmers to slave culture ana the
the fortunes of so long as a healthy condition of the But, assuming the platforms' of the ’ production of slaves, and Boston and
Next, a com- body politic continued, they became | Republicans as the standard, -and staj New Nork become once more mar-
organized a sectional anti-slavery party,
and thus drew to its aid as well political
ambition and interest as fanaticism ; and
after twenty-two years of incessant and
vehement agitation, it obtained possession
finally, and 4 upon that issue, c-f the Federal
gover'nment’and of every State government
North and West. And to-day, wc are ia
ibe midst of frlie greatest, most cruel, most
.destructive civil war ever waged. Bat
two j'oor^, sir, of blood and debt and tax
ation and incipient commercial ruin - arc
teaching the people of the West, and I
trust ot the North aino, folly amUmad-
isiaYfe-
Wesfern & Atlantic (Stale Kaiircad.
Atlanta to Chattanooga, 136 Miles, Fare $G 00
JOHN S. ROWLAND, Svpt.
l-aiwngrr Trail
Leave AtlanU; st
Arrive.,! Chattanooga at
Leav Atlanta a!
Arrive at Chattanooga at
Arcoiamoctalicn S’n.rrMg
Leave Atlanta
Arrive at Kinpstuu
Leave Kingston. — .....
Arrive at Atlanta 6 45 A.M.
Tins Road connects each way with the Rome
Brnncff Railroad at Kingston, the East Tennessee
& Georgia Railroad at Dalton, arid the Nashville
& Chattanooga Railroad at Chattanooga.
Julv 529, 1802. 10 tf.
7 30 P. M.
4 37 A. M
4 no A. M.
5 15 P. M
Trrtju.
, “J 40 P M.
. f> 57 P. M.
. 4 30 A. M.
iNew
Arrangement.
Chanye of Schedule, on ar.d after Monday 1 ItA inst
T11E Subscribers are convey- spp
: .i\Z :ue C. S. Mail from Mil- ddes
1 Seville via Sparta, Culvi
tea nad Poweiton to Doubled.
Wells,and would re
their friends and
and complete ar
over thi-lfne.
the white rose and the
! ed into one
! Who dreamed .a month before the
death of Cromwell that in two years
| the popple of England, after twenty
years of civil war and usurpation,
with great unanimity, would re
store the house of Stewart in tlie
person of its most worthless prince,
whose father, but eleven years before
they bad beheaded? And could have
foretold, in the beginning of 151-2,
that within some three years, Napo
leon would be iu exile upon a desert
island, and the Bourbons restuiedy
Armed foreign intervention did it; but
it is a strange history. Or who then
expected to see a nephew of Napoleon
thirty-five years later, with the con
sent of the people, supplant the Bour
bon and reign Emperor of France?
Sir, many States and people, once sep
arate, have become united in the course
of ages through natural causes and
without conquest; but I remember a
single instance only in history of States
Had we. I been
mmentiim acencies of ting the case most strongly in favor of | kets for trade in the Ijodies and souls
numerous° voluntary as- that party, it vras the refusal of the ; of men?” If so, then there is an end
charita- : South to'Consent that slavery should j of all uniou and forever. You cannot
P t o T m.
d -j. • Li .I miiuous to Great soctations, artistic, , , , , „ , , , .. , , , ,
Britain, either the caiiU, which ]ed to | ble> soci;J i aild scientific, until corrupt- | be excluded from the .Territories that j abolish slavery by the sword; still less
literary,
N'orth ; by proclamations,though the President
or people once united, and speaking
the same language, who have been
. r im P trave^g i J\fb"ic , , ll to R theTr i0 new f ' orced permanently asunder by civil
rangement ior travelling facilities \ Strife Of War, Unless they Were SCpa-
SCHEDULE—LeaveMilWgeville after the arriva
ot trains frvn Columbu?. Macon and Savannah; Ar
rive in Sparta at 0 o’clock P.M. and at Double Well,
same evening.
Leave Double Wells after the arrival of morning
trains from Auirusta. Atlanta and Athens; Arrive st
Sparla 11 o’clock, A. 31.; Arrive at Milledgevillesame
evening.
With good Hacks, fine Stock and careful drivers,
we solicit aliberalpatronage.
MOORE & FORBS.
8»ageOfflcc»—MilledSeville Hotel Milled gniUe-,G a
Edwards' House. Sparta.
Moore's Hotel, Double Wells.
July 11,1859. 8{ f-
uong with these were similar, at least ! strong ties which bound us together. } the slave power.” That miserable
not essentially dissimilar, manners,hab- j And yet till tkose, perverted and j spectre, that unreal mockery, has
its, laws, religion and institutions ot j abused for some years in the hands of j been exorcised and expelled by debt
all kinds, except one. ’1 he common ■ bad or fanatical men, became more ; and taxatiou and blood. If that pow-
defence was anotlier powerful incen- . powerful instrumentalities in the fatal j er did govern this country for the six
th e, and is named in the Constitution | work of disunion; just as the veins I tv years preceding this terrible revo-
as one amoue the <)bjects of the more j and arteries?ofatlfq. .2ruman body, "de-| lution, then-the sooner this govern-
nenect l inott of 1/b/. htronirer vet signeu w v v « :..- Tj .. t_- • ,, . , , • • , .• _ .
f, ,, . , , ■ » , 3 1 ,, v , f n.wri nujntand administration return to the
than all these, perhaps, ‘but made up j through every part it, will-carry j principles ana pumry ur ouua^.„
of all them was a common interest, j also, and with increased rapidity-it ; statesmanship, the better for the couu-
Variety of climate and soil, and there- j may be, the subtle poison which takes j try; and that,.sir, is already, or soon
fore of production, implying also ex- j life away. Nor is this all. It was j will be, the judgment of the people,
tent of country, is not an element of i through .their agency that tlie impris- / But I deny that it was the slave pow-
separation, but added to contiguity, j oned winds of evil war were all .let i er that governed for so many years,
becomes a part of the ligament of in-; loose at first with such sudden and ap-i and so wisely and well. It was the
tercst and is one of the toughest
strands.
palling fury; and, kept in motion by ; Democratic party and its principles
| political power, they have miirlSHfred.j and policy, modled and controlled, in-
of
Variety of production is the parent j to that fury ever But potent | deed, largely by Southern statesmen,
the earliest commerce and trade; ! alike for good'Srfrf-^^^they
and these, in their full developments
may >yetb Neither will I be stopped by that oth
mder t’ni^cplltrol of'the people, and j er cry of mingled fanaticism and hy-
'* barbarism
josar a*, bowscin,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
B.vrosvos.ci.
Eatonton, Ga., Feb. 14, 16G0. 58 tf.
50 Saw Cotton Gin for Sale.
ONE of WATSON'S best 50 Saw Cotton Gins,
is offered for sale. This Gin is new, and is equal
to any in use. Sold for no fault, the present ow-
ners having no use tor it. Any plauter wanting;;
good Gin,can have a chance to get one at a re
duction on the regular price. Apply at this office
< 1 ot N. Tift, or J. IT. Watson, at Albany
il 0 E S.
UII ll lUV kJl, j 1.1 111V.J1 Itlll VIv DlU^'IIiv-ll c. ' L A , I J o
are, as between foreign nations, hos-‘ in the^iands of wise, good, and patrfj pocrisy, about the sin and* b?
tages for peace; and between States otic mqtq lie mqde-the most effective j of African slavery. Sir, I st
and people united, they are the firmest agencies,•fitud^t-FrovidcMice, in the re- | of barbarism and sin, a, t
union of these States.
*V #
Other ties, also, less material in
see more
thousand
times, in the continuance of this war,
the dissolution of the Union, the
their nature, but hardly less persua- | breaking up of tlie government and
rated by distance or vast neutral boun
daries. * « . i bonds of union. But, alter all, the
The secession of the ten tribes is the strongest of the manyoriginal im-
exceptiou; these parted without actual pelting causes to the Union, was , . ^ .
war; and their subsequent history is I the securing of domestic tranquility, sive, have grown up under the Union.) the enslavement of the white race by
not encouraging to secession. But ! The statesmen of 17S7 well knew that Long association, a common history, j debt and taxes and arbitrary power,
when Moses, the greatest of all states- between thirteen independent but con- national reputation, treaties and tli- The day of fanatics and sophists and
men, would secure a distinct national- ' tiguous States, without a natural plomatic iutcroourae abroad, adiuis-^enthusiasts, thank God, is gone at last;
ity and Government to the Hebrews, j boundary, ami wtth nothing to sepa- sion of new States, a common jnris-1 and though the ’ age of chivalry may
he left Egypt and established his peo- ! fffto them except the machinery of prudence, great men whose names | not, the age of practical statesman-
tbe machinery of x
pie in a distant countn. In mdderri j similar governments, there must be a. ! and fames are patrimony of thd'Yvhole j ship is about to return,
times the Netherlands,'three centuries | perpetual, in tact, an “irrepressible country, patriotic music and 'songs,; Sir, I accept the lang
ago, won their independence by the conflict” of jurisdiction and interest, | common battle field
and glory won
sword; but France and the English | which there being no other common under the same flag—these make up
language and intent
of the Indiana resolution to the full—
“that in considering the terms of set
tlement we will look only to the wel
fare, peace and safety of the white
race, without reference to the effect
that settlement may have upon the
condition of the African.” And when
/X DOZ. HOES Just received «,nl iV>r sale
OU bv WRIGHT &WKOWN.
•b 2d, 1SG3. 37 tf.
I Fc
A Dl : ft T J A DUS!!
tjpHE undcrfipriPd request all persons indebted
*- to them to call and settle.
HEHTY & HALL.
Milledeeviile, Jan 10th. 1802. 34 tf
lAM’L D.IRV1S.
GREENLEE BUTLER
mm & BUTLER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
A LIS A N y, Georgia.
pUACTICE in the Superior Courts of the Soutl
IU lUC DUUVIHU VOUIIO Ui
Western Circuit,—in Terrell, Randolph, and Kar*
ly counties in t)ie Putaula Circuit,—in Worth and Ma
con Counties, in the Macon Circuit, in the United
States Circuit Court at Savannah,—and by specin
contract,in any County in Southern Georgia.
Jinuarv 1st’ 1860. - 31 tf.
ETHERIDGE SON,
Factors, Commission and Forwarding
SAVANNAH, CA
n. ETHF.RtDOE. W. 1). ETHERIDGE, Jr.
July 15th, 1656. 8 tf
Messrs. A. H. & L. B. RENAN,
Are Associated in the Practice of Lav
Office 1st Door upon 2d floor of
MASONIC HALL.
Jan.23,1.1857. S5 tf.
Plantation for Sale.
1 OFFER for . ale a well improved Plantation
within three miles of Milledeeviile, contain
ing fourteen huidrod acres of land.
WILLIAM A. JARRATT.
r.b, 4, 16««. 30 intf.
Channel separate them f rom Spain, i arbiter, could only be terminated by j the poetry of Union; and yet, as in the
So did our Thirteen Colonies: but the ! the conflict of tlie sword. And the ; marriage relation and the family with
Atlantic Ocean divorced us from Eng- statesmen of 1S62 ought to know that ; similar influences, they are stronger
land. So did Mexico and other Span- two or more Confederate Governments j than hooks of steel. He was a wise
ish Colonies in America; but the same j made up of similar States,- having no j statesman, though he may never have
ocean divided them from Spain. Cuba | natural boundary either, and separa- | held an office, who said: “Let me write we have done this, my word for it, the
’ ’ ’ 1 " r ’ ' ' " ’ ’ T ‘ ’ elfare to the Afri-
seenred. Sir,
anti-slavery
the West than
and if this
the reunion of these States is impossi- tq resist aggression. i and Maryland the other—have done' war be continued, there will be still
ble? War, indeed, while it lasts is! These sir, along with the establish- j more for the Union than all the legisla- ( less a year hence. The people there
disunion; ®nd if it Lsce long enough, ment of justice and the securing of the J tion and all the debates .in this capital begin at last to comprehend that do-
will be final, eternal separation first, general welfare, and of fTie blessings j for forty years, and they will do more ! mestic slavery in the South is a ques-
and anarchy and despotism afterward, of liberty to thenuelves and their pos- j yet again than all your armies, though tion not of morals or religion, or hu-
Hence 1 would hasten peace now, to- ferity, made up the cause and mo-J you call out another million of men manity, but a form of labor perfectly
day by every honorable appliance. tives which impelled our fathers to into the field. Sir, I would add,; compatible with the dignity of free
Arc there physical causes which the Union at first. • • j “Yankee-Doodle,” but first let me bo white labor in the same community,
render reunion impossible? None. And now, sir, what one of them is j assured that “Yankee-Doodle loves j and with national vigor, power and
renatr reunion | . , . • - — - 1 the Union more than he hates the j prosperity, and especially with milita-
Wbcrc other causes do not^coutrol,
rivers unite; but mountains, deserts
and great bodies of water—oceani dis-
sociabdes—separate a people. A ast
forests originally, ami the lakes now,
also divide us, not very widely or
wanting? What one diminished? On
the contrary, many of them arc strong- ; slaveholder
er to-day than in the beginning. Mi- j And now sir, I propose to briefly
gration and intermarriage h a v e j consider the causes which led to
: ry strength.
yet he has now fulmined another “bull
against the comet”—brutum fiilmcn—
and threatening servile insurrection
with all its horrors, has yet coolly ap
pealed to the judgment of mankind,
and invoked the blessings of the God
of peace and love! But declaring it
a military necessity, an essential meas
ure of war to subdue the rebels, yet
w itii aamirame wisuum be ci,|/icooiy
exempts from its operation the only
States and parts of States in the South
where he lias the military power to
extend it.
Neither sir, can you abolish slavery
by argument. As well attempt to abolish
marriage or the relation of paternity. The
South is resolved to maintain it at every
hazard and by every sacrifice ; and if
“this Union cannot endure part slave
and part free,” then it is already and fi
nally dissolved. Talk not to me of “West
Virginia.” Tell me not of Missouri, tram
pled under the feet of your soldiery. As
well talk to me of Ireland. Sir, the
destiny of those States must abide the
issue of the war But Kentucky you may
find tougher. And Maryland
' Even iu iiar archives live their wontcJ fire.’’
Nor will Delcwarc be found wanting in the
day of trial.
But I deny the doetrine. It is full of
(ltsuntou and civil war. It ia disunion it
self. Whoever first taught it ought to be
dealt with as not only hostile to the Union,
but au enemy of the human race. Sir,
the fundamental idea of the Constitution
is the perfect and eternal compatibility of
a Union of States, "part slave and part
free,” elSe the Constitution never would
have been framed, nor the Union founded ;
and seventy years of successful experi
ment have approved the wisdom of the
plan. In my deliberate judgment, a Con
federacy made up of slavehoiding and non-
slaveholrling'States is, in the nature of the
strongest of all popular governments. Af
rican slavery has been, and is eminently
conservative. It makes tho absolute
political equality of the white race every
where practicable. It dispenses with tho
English order of nobility, and leaves every
white man, Narth and South, owning
slaves or owning none, the equal of every
other white man. It has reconciled uni-
rsal suffrage throughout the free States
with the stability of government. 1 speak
not now of its material benefits to the
North and the West, which are many and
more obvious. But tho South, too, has
profited many ways by a union with the
non-slaveholding States. Enterprise, in
dustry, selfrCiiance, perseverance, and the
ness of this crusade against African slave
ry, and the wisdom' and necessity ot tho
Union of the States, as our farthers mado
it, “part slave and part free.”
What then, sir, with so many causes
impelling [to re-union, keeps us apart ta
d.-,r / Unte, passion, antagonism, revenge
all heated seven' times hotter by war.-—
‘fjir, tlicse, while they last, are the rnhst
- ’ *' -ij motives with a people and
with the individual mau; one rorruuately
they are the least durable. They hold
a divided sway iu the same bosoms with
the nobler qualities of love, justice, reason,
placability; and, except wjien at their
height, are weaker than the sense of inter
est, and always, in States at least, give
way to it at last. No statesman who
yields himself up to them can govern
wisely or well; and no State w hoso policy
is controlled by them can either prosper or
endure. But war is both their offspring
and their aliment, and while it lasts ail
other motives are subordinate.' The vir
tues of peace cannot flourish, cannot even
find development in the midst of fighting;
and this civil war keeps in motion tlie
centrifugal forces oflbo Union, and gives
to them increased strength and activity
every day. But such and so many and
powerful, in my judgment, are the cem
enting or. centripetal agencies impelling
us together that nothing but perpetual
war and strife can keep us always divi
ded.
Sir, I do not under estimate the power
of the prejudices of section, or what is
much stronger, of race. Prejudice is
colder, and therefore more durable than
the passions ot hate and revenge, or the
spirit of antagonism. But, as 1 have al
ready said, its boundary in the United
States is not Mason’s and Dixon’s line.—
I'be long standing mutual jealousies of
Neiv England and the South do not pri
marily grow ont of slavery. They are
deeper, and will always be the chief
obstacle in the way of full and absolute
reunion. They arc founded in difference
of manners, habits and social life, and in
different notions about politics, morals and
religion. Sir, after ali, this war is not so
much one of sections—least of all. between
the slaveholding and non-slaveholding
sections—as of races, representing not
difference in blood, but mind and its devel
opment, and different types of civilization.
It is the old conflict of ihe Cavalier and
tho Roundhead, the Liberalist and the
Puritau ; or rather it is a conflict upon new
issues of the ideas and elements represent
ed by tho>e names. It is a war of the
Yankee and the Southron. Said a Boston
i other hardy virtues of a people living in a
day, eulogizing a new
strengthened Ihe ties of consanguinity.
Commerce, trade and production have
wholly from Canada, though we speak | immensely multiplied. Cotton almost
the same language and are similar in | unknown herein 17S7, is now the chief
manners, laws and institutions. Our j product and export of the country. It
chief navigable rivers run from North ; has set in motion three-fourths of the
to South. Most of our bays and arms ; spindles of New England, and giveeni-
of the sea take the same direction, j ployment, directly or remotely, to
Natural causes all tend to Union, ex- j full half the shipping, trade’ and
Pont -OJ between the Pacific coast and j commerce of the United States,
the coiintrv east of tho Rocky Moan-
■ *.|-R- T+ ,a “mqnilest
tains to the Atlantic. It w “ma
destiny.” Union is empire. Hence,
hitherto we have continually extend
ed our territory and the Union with it,
South and West. The Louisiana pur
chase, Florida and Texas all attest it.
We passed desert and forest, and scaled
even the Rocky Mountains, to extend
the Union to the Pacific. Sir, there is
no natural boundary between the
More
than that, cotton has kept the peace
between England and America for
thirty years; and had the people of the
North been as wise and practical as
the statesmen of Great Britain, it
would have maintained union and
peace here. But we are being taught,
in our first century, and at our ojvn
cost, the lessons which England learn
ed through the long and bloody expe
rience of eight bundled year*. We
disunion and the present civil war;
and to inquire whether they are eter
nal and ineradicable in their nature,
and at the same time powerful enough
material benefits of the institution.; languages, the most copious in words of
to overcome all the causes and cousid- uumixed with any part of its mischiefs.; bitterness and reproach. “J our on : I will
erations which impel to re-union. They believe also in the subordination l cn()urc -” . .
Having two years ago discussed ful- 0 f the negro race to the white where] 8,r - ,liCr0 18 not an “irrepressible
ly and elaborately the more abstruse ] they both exist together, and that the ! ^is no'comlic't IWll Both txliVo
and remote causes whence civil com- j condition ol subordination, as estab- her iu perfect harmony in tho South.—
motions in all governments, and those fished in the South, is lar better et -, q’he master and the slave, the white labor-
also which are peculiar to our com
plex and Federal system, such as the
consolidating tendencies of the gener
al government, because of executive
power and patronage, and of the ta
riff - and taxation and disbursement gen
et ally, all unjust and burdensome to
the West equally with the South, I
pass them by.
*In troth the song was written in derision by a
British officer and not by an American.
ery way for the negro, than the hard : cr am i the black, work together iu the
servitude of poverty, degradation and j same field or in the same shop, and without
crime, to which he is subjected in the j the slightest sense of degradation. They
free States. All this, sir, may be are not equals, cither socially or politically,
“pro-slaveryism” if there be such a! And then - cannot Ohio, having only
word. Perhaps it is; but the people | fr f? 1 * ab . or ’ bv «| n harmony with Kentucky
An +L5r.t w h*ch has both slaves and free? Above
of the west b g4 ; all why cannot Massachussetts allow the
wisdom and good sense. We will not same right o{ choice t0 South Carolina,
establish slavery in our own midst; separated as they are a thousand miles, by
□either will we abolish or interfere other States who would keep the peace
with it outside of our owe lines. and living iu good will ? Why Ihis civil
writer the other
England office;:, who fell at Fredericks
burg : “This is Massachusetts war,
Massachusetts and South Catolina made
it.” But in the beginning, the Roundhead
outwitted the Cavalier, and, by a skilful
use of slavery and the negro, united all
New England first, and afterward the
entire North and West, and finally sent
out to battle against him Galt and tfaxon,
German and Knickerbocker, Catholic and
Episcopalian, and even a part of his own
household and of the descendants of his
own stock.
tsaid Mr. Jefferson, when New England
threatened secession some sixty years ago:
“No, let us keep the Y'ankees to quarrel
with.” All, sir, lie forgot ihat quarreling
is always a hazardous experiment; and,
nflor some time, the couutrymen of Adams
proved themselves to(f sharp at that work
lor the countrymen of Jefferson. But
every day the contest now tends again to
its natural and original elements. In many
parts of the Northwest—I might add of
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New
"an
as
little
and
one of those great but unfortunate popular
uprisings, in the midst of which reason and
justice,will for the time he. utterly silenced.
1 spesk advisedly ; and let New Eugland
heed else she, and the whole East, too, in
their struggle for power, may learn yet
from tho West tho same lesson which
civil war taught to Rome, that ecvlgato
imperii arcano, posse principcm alibi, quam
Ilonur fieri. The people of the VVest
demanded peace, and they begin to more
than suspect that New Eugland is in the
way. The storm rages; and they believe
that she, not slavery, is the cause. The
ship is sore tried : and pdsscugers and crew
are now almost ready to propitiate tho
waves by throwing the ill omened prophet
overboard. In pain English—not very
classic, but most expressive—they threat
en to “set New England out in the oold.”
