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and
CONFED
VOLUME XXXIV.]
Anf olong room, with a brick Hue, furnace i
oi iron stove in the centre, and open slat
ted drawers or shelves arranged on each ■
side, will answer; and the ingenuity of I
our readers will enable each to adopt '
such a pi oil as is Lest suited to ln6 j
own requirements. Peeled fruit al- j
ways commands a higher price than tin- :
peeled; and great care should be taken'
in packing and storing away after dvy-
ing- ,
I be .emark of l)r. Paster respecting
tbe thorough drying and careful packing
of vegetables, applies equally to fruits —
If dried in tbe sun, tbe fruits should be
taken into tbe bouse at 4 or 5 o’clock P.
M., to prevent tbe attacks of tire worm-
producing moth, which is said to lay its
eggs late in tbe afternoon ; and, when
packed away, a small quantity of China
berries or leaves may be mixed with tbe
fruit in keeping out insects. It is, also, of
great advantage to expose tbe bags of
dried fruit occSsionally in a sunny place.,
and to avoid placing them in any close or
damp situation. r l lie demand for fruit is
certain to be large, and tbe price highly (
remunerative; and both patriotism and j
interest should impel our good people— |
especially the ladies—to ei ter upon tbe !
good work earnestly and extensively.
| Editor of Cultivator.
MILLEDGEYILLE, GEORG IA,- TIE SD AY, J U L Y 14, 1863.
[M TIBER 8.
A letter to Professor 8. F. B. Morse, L.
L. ])., President of the NevO York
‘•Society for the Diffusion ofPoliti-
v cal Knowledge,” from John L. O’Sul
livan, late Minister of the United
States te Portugal. ]
PEACE THE SOLE CHANCE NOW
LEFT FOR RE-UNION.
the part of fh# North; an excuse of
which no vestige now remains. The
country was led into it insensibly, be
ing at first summoned merely to the
defense of the Capitol against menaced
attack ; the army collected on the pre
text of that sole purpose having been j
then afterwards wickedlv led forward,
To Professor S. F. Morse, President of
the Society for the Diffusion of Polit
ical Knowledge:
Gov. Brojjrn and the Georgia Troops.
We have before us a letter address
ed by a gallant Georgian to a friend
.in this State, dated at Culpeper, A’ir-
ginia, from which we make the fol
lowing extract:
“I have seen but four Georgia pa
pers, and know but little of what you
all at home are doing. Though a great
many are spoken of, we who are in
the field for the war, know certainly
of only two candidates for Governor
ot our state, viz: Governor Drown
and Col. Gartrell. But let who may
run, the army is largely for Governor
j Brown. Possibly in our brigade, Gen.
j Toombs’ old brigade. Gen. Toombs
J would get a majority vote, if he were
j to become a candidate. But lie is the
only man who could get it even in our
j brigade, and it is by no means certain
it... .. , . .. - that he could, much as the men regard
tbe first insertion, and lb cents a line lor I ,, - ,, , ,, , , , ,, r =
. - . i their old and <>allahf leader. We hj\>
every subsequent insertion is our cliar
Count nine written words to a line and
every person can tell just what amount
of money to send. Obituaries, Editorial
Notices, Nominations for office, and all
communications for individual benefit, are
charged as advertisements. Legal adver-
1 their old and gallant leader. We a/-,
all, of course, opposed to the policy,
as a rule of retaining a man in such a
position for so many terms, hut cir-
j cumstauces demand it. Besides, any
j step, no matter what, forced upon us
j by the necessities ot such time as these
could not be taken as a precedent for
tbements are charged according to tbe I action in peace.”
rates under the bead of this paper, on the I We have no comments to offer on
first page. I the above save that, in our best judg-
—. - — j meat, a large majority ot our soldiers
. From advance sheets of the July and August No. in the field entertain the opinion of
the writer, as do a large majority of
the people at home. We must not
of Southern Cultivator.]
Orying Vcgctnb!*. ntid Friiiln.
Editor of Southern Cultivator: The j
importance of providing an abundant sup- j
ply of Vegetables for the troops in the I
field and tbe hospitals is so great that j
the following suggestions are offered, in j
the hope that they may conduce to that
end:
Tbe great distroyer of animal and vege
table substance is ,tbe oxygen of the air,
aided by beat and moisture. Dry oxygen
will not produce decomposition. The
process of hermetically sealing consists in
excluding tbe air. „ Tomatoes and all
similar fruits may be preserved for any
length of time by stewing them, removing
the skins and introducing the pulp and
juice, while boiling, into bottles orjugs of
convenient size. The vessels must be per
fectly clean, heated to the boiling point
before the fruit
tightly, while tl
them. Common
answer perfectly well. Class requires caic
in beating, or it will crack. 1 he cork
should be well coated with sealing wax, a
mixture of five parts rosin with one of
beeswax.
Almost every kind of vegetables may
too preserved by the simple process of
diviugat alow temperature, Peas and
beans require no preparation. Okra and
tomatoes should be sliced thin and dried
thoroughly in the sun. Fleshy roots such
as beets, carots, potatoes, parsnips and
even cabbage, may be preserved in the fol
lowing way: „
Wash the roots clean, and grate them
on a coarse grater, such as is used for
horse-radish. Spread the pulp thinly on
trays and dry in the sun, or in an oven
heated to a temperature not above 125 to
130 deg. F. H. greater heat will injure
the result. When perfectly dry, the mass
should be compressed into as small a space
as j o -slide, and packed in paper like
smoking tobacco. A coat of varnish would
render tbe paper water jiroof. Creen corn
could probably be kept in tbe same way,
though phe writer has never tried it.—
Vegetables thus preserved, lose none of
their nutritious properties, and^ make an
excellent ingredient in soups. Everything
depends on the entire exclusion of mois
ture. Frequent exposure to the sun is
very desirable. „ ,
In tbe preservation of all auimal and
vegetable substance, it is of prime im
portance that they be perfectly fresh.
Decay ouce begun can hardly be ar
rested.
The want of vegetable food produces
a tendency to scurvy, rendering very
trifling sores or wounds liable to result in
dangerous ulcers. Many valuable lives
are thus lost which might otherwise be
saved.
These who have abundance of \ egeta-
ldes cannot render a better service to the
country thar. by thus preparing them for
the use of the army.
J. E. Easter, Pn. D.
Home, Ga., June 1863.
The suggestions of tbe above article are
veiy valuable, and we hope they will be
promptly acted upon throughout the coun
try generally. The drying of al kinds
ofFiuit should, also, receive special atten
tion ; and kilns of drying-houses must be
constructed without delay. T he ordinary
method of drving on roofs aDd scaffolds in
the suu, is so well understood that no de
scription is necessary ,
Mv Dear Sir:—I address to your
world-honored name, and through you
to the Northern Democracy of the Uni
ted States, the following views upon
the present aspect of our great Ameri
can Question.
In a pamphlet put forth about a year
ago, under the title, “ Union,Disunion,
and lie-union,” addressed as a letter to
Ex-President Pierce, 1 attempted to
exhibit those unfortunate defects in the
Federal Constitution whose operation
lias culminated in our present disrup
tion and civil war; urging the argu
ment that the reform of those defects
through a National Convention assem
bled for the purpose of Conciliation
and Reconciliation, presented then our
sole chance of Reunion.
At that date, this chance did not
seem entirely hopeless. An impres
sive series ot Northern military success
es at the West, not only had so inflam
ed the North with encouragement in
the vain crusade of coercion it had un
dertaken, as to make it idle to address
to it then any words of Peace, but ap
peared to create a possibility that the
South might find itself so hard pressed
by the superiority in numbers of the
well equipped armies of the North,that
it might be not unwilling to listen to
proposals of reconstruction which
should be tendered in the spirit advo
cated by me ; and which should be oc-
companied with thorough, effectual
and permanent guaranties of all the
just rights of the Southern portion of
the Confederacy for the future. But a
year of war makes a vast change in the
relative position of the combatants, and
in the possibilities and terms of peace
between them.
The events of this past year, begin
ning with the campaign of the Penin
sula, followed by the great battles of
Second Manassas, Fredericksburg and
Sharpsburg, and now completed by the
failure of the third siege of Vicksburg—
together with all the local atrocities of
the war as its horrors have been felt on
the Southern soil, and that final act of
flinging away the scabbard which we
have witnessed in the Emancipation
Whether they were in the right or in
the wrong in the original proceeding
of secession (and my opinion is that
they ought to have waited and endured
till they had at least witnessed the re
sult of another Presidential election,)
whatever division of public sentiment
may have at the outset existed amongst
by executive command, into that fatal ^ them, tbe fact is undeniable (and not
invasion of Virginia which was repul- j even Mr. Seward would have the liai
sed at Bull Run ; justly and deserved- J dihood to deny it, even in one of his di-
ly indeed repulsed, but unde? such cir- ; plomatic dispatches) that, however
cumstances as to awaken all the natu- j they might be beaten down in war,
ral fighting instinct of the Nortli for j there could now be no such “ consent,”
another trial for the recovery of the | on the part of the Southern^people to
honor lost; or apparently lost, in its i the Government of the Union. To
flight front that fatal field. There was, j continue the war, now purely vindic-
moreover, then, a great Unionist party | tive and tyranical in its character, for
at the South aud throughout the South.
Experiment could alone, as it then
seemed to many, determine whether or
not it was the true and real mind of
the South to separate. (They forgot,
or did not heed or believe, that that
dread experiment itself could not but
produce, in the process, that very ad
verse unity of-the Southern mind and
the Southern passion, whose existence
it was to test!) Possibly Mr. Seward’s
“ ninety days” might break down tbe
assumed violent ascendency of a minor
ity secessionist faction, and might de-
veiope into local power at the South
this supposed,nay,this then real Union
ist spirit an*! party. This was a plau-
( sil>le and seductive argument. No
| wonder it misled thousands of honest
i minds at the North. A patriotic en-
| thusiasm of nationality, thrilling to the
name of the Union, and rallying to the
symbol of the Hag, co-operated power
fully and naturally with these influen
ces, urged as they were by the Govern
ment, by a majority party at the North,
and by an eloquent and omnipresent
press. The combination of these caus
es constitutes now the excuse, though
insufficient for the justification, of the
their mere overthrow aud conquest,be
comes, therefore, now at least, the ut
ter nullification of the very cardinal
idea of our whole political theory and
system. The attempt to do so is to
stultify our own revolution ; to blas
pheme our very Declaration of Inde
pendence; to repudiate all our own
history ; to cancel all our constitutions,
State and Federal; to sanction all the
despotisms,all the alien dominations, of
other ages and countries; to justify the
tenure of writhing and bleeding Poland
by Russia at this very moment, and all
the brutal means by which that tenure-
will, too probably, be enforced in spite
of the sorrowful protest of the heart
aud conscience of the whole civilized
world. Even though, through some
superhuman prescience, lie were per
fectly assured of a triumphant issue of
conquest and subjugation, no American
has now any longer a right to prose
cute further a contest whose very suc
cess can bring nothing else or better
than this.
Farewell forever to all that consti
tutes the essential principle ot our
boasted Americanism ; to all the ideas
recorded in more ancient history the
imperishable morale of Marathon. A
single man can defend bis own hearth
and home against three or lour or five
or six who may assail it from without.
But none of these disparities exist in
the presentcase. Armies little inferi
or in numbers, while far superior in
that morale derived from a cause and a
motive, have hitherto repulsed every
attempt by those of the North to pen
etrate to the vital points of the South
ern self-defence. These armies can
never be extinguished, while every
day perfects their discipline, increases
their efficiency, invigorates their mili
tary fibre, intensifies their resolve, and
and elevates their morale. Every year
must bring forward its fresh contingent
of growing youth to more than make
good all the losses of successive cam
paigns. In case of need there remains
unexhausted and inexhaustible resour
ces of men of all ages and professions,
ready to fly to arms when war should
approach nearer to the vast interior of
(lie Southern country. Far greater
Northern armies than those which have
hitherto waged a warfare so little suc
cessful alorg the mere frontier, and on
a few water courses of the Confedera
cy, will be insufficient, to overrun and
to maintain a looting in the interior of
a country for half the year impregna
ble,from the mere influences of climate,
to Northern invasion. Arms they have
already in abundance, they are able to
manufacture, and they must continue
to import, in spite of all possibilities of
blockade. Of gunpowder the same is
to be said. Of the military genius of
their Generals it issuj e fluous to spe.tk.
Their past, successes, especially those
of the past year, have animated them
to that confidence in themselves, their
cause, and their commanders, which in
war is more than half of victory in ad-
omit, however, to state, that the wri
ter of the letter has always been j
political antagonist of Governor I proclamation, and in the general suin-
Brown, and will vote for him, the first j inons to servile insurrection wickedly
time, it lie escapes the perils of the ; but vainly urged by the Northern gov-
battle field, until the day of the elec- j eminent—have now extinguished the
j last glimmer of that hope, to which
j twelve months ago it was not entirely
tion.— [Intelligencer.
Eternity.
“Eternity has no grey hairs!" The
flowers lade, the heart withers, man
grows old and dies; the world lies
down in the sepulcher of ages, but
time writes no wrinkles on the brow
of eternity.
Eternity! The ever-present, unborn
undecaying and undying—the endless
absurd to cling, of a possibility of such
re-union, on the basis of a reform of
the Constitution that should he ade
quate to the objects of present recon
ciliation and ample guaranty for the
future. At some day, more or less dis
tant—after an interval of separation—
when the exasperated passions of the
war shall have subsided and a calmer
is introduced, and corked | c ba.in. compassing the life of God—the 1 andViser reason shall have resumed its
lie steam is issuing from j golden thread, entwining tbe destiny' sway, both at the North, and at the
! of tbe universe. I South, then, indeed, some New Union,
Earth lias its beauties, but time j a better Union than the very defective
shrouds them for the grave; its lion- old one, may become practicable ; but
ors, they are but the sunshine ot an the only possible path left open towards
hour; its places, they are but as the such a consummation lies through the
guilded sepulchres; its possessions; gate of Peace, with amicable Separa-
tliey are toys of changing fortune; tion.
its pleasures, they are but bursting L The goon g r the North, and especially
bubbles. Not so in the untried t j ie Democratic party, can be brought
bourne. | to comprehend this, the better for it-
In the dwelling of the Almighty can ge , ff for the w h 0 ] e country and for tbe
come no footsteps of decay. Its day wor ] c [ - it is now, in my judgment,
will know no darkening eternal the duty of all true aird enlightened
splendor forbids tbe approach of night, patriots, boldly and manfully and at
Its fountains will never fail. They are an y j )aza rd or cost of the popularity of
fresh from the eternal throne. Its glo- , ], ourj to plant themselves on this
ry will never wane, for there is the : 4 , pi at f or m ;” a platform to which they
ever-present God. Its harmonies will j wjll a p have to cortie {lt last.
never cease; exhaustless love supplies > .. ,
’ 11 A certain apparent and partial re-
the song. . ! . • o j i
° lapse of the war fever, inflamed by a
natural irritation produced by the lan
guage of some of the Southern papers,
would seem to have recently come over
the Democracy of the North ; and to
threaten the country with all the evils
involved in Mr. Lincoln’s ability to
recruit with a new levy, through the
conscription law, his hitherto baffled
million of men, and to pay them for
another year or two of war, with new
resources of unlimited, irredeemable pa
per. This is a fact profoundly to be
deplored by every true and wise lover
of all that we have hitherto regarded
as our country. It is simply a repeti
tion of the fatal mistake committed by
that same Democracy two years ago,
when it allowed itself to be seduced
and entrapped into the inception of the
war, by the cunning manaeuver of a
mere party administration, installed in
power against an adverse million of
majority on the popular vote. This
relapse must and will inevitably come
to an end, just as did the original at
tack. Its only effect will be to prolong
the national agony ; to aggravate the
general ruin ; to deepeu the torrent of
blood ; to multiply the number of des
olate homes aud broken hearts ; to pile
upon Ossa another Pelion of public
debt; and to raise, still higher, and
• uicuiiuu BUIIKCOLO - — broaden still more hopelessly,the mor-
but extensive fruit f’f<®i.i. TWn»i». nnd call it al wall of irreconcilable hatred.
At the outset, two years ago, there
was, indeed, some excuse for the war on
groweis will find it of great advantage to
have a regular Fruit-DryiDg House, for
the purpose of preparing large quantities.
Don’t maryy too smart a girl for she
will outrun you; nor one two simple,
for children will take their talents from
their mother; nor too rich for she will
remind you of it; nor too poor, for she
will act the beggar on horseback.
Sambo asks: “Why am de belubbed
Dinah like de cloth dey make in
Augusta? Cos she’s an unbleached she
ting.”
A voungster asked his papa if sail
ors were not very little meu. The
father inquired why he supposed they
should be. “Because,” the urchin re
plied, “I read of one going to sleep in
his watch.”
Why is a man climbing a volcano
like a Irishman trying to kiss a pretty
girl? Because he wants to get at the
crater’s mouth.
“Seventy-live cents per gal!” ex
claimed Mrs Parington, on looking
over the price current.—“Why, bless
me* my good old man gave two dollars
and a bushel of the very best potatoes
forme. However, the gals of this day
ain’t nigh so dear as I was then.
9 B
“Kold Krout” in a special commu
nication, suggests that we change the
name of Lincoln’s Domain, and call it
“The Ex-Best Government the world
Democracy of the North, for the fata
folly then committed by it of going in- j republican liberty of which that very
toor rather of being cajoled into,a war ; flag was the self-asserting symbol be-
whicb, though ostensibly for the salva- J neatli whose folds are marshalled the
tion of the Union, was in truth simply j hosts led to this fratricidal war ; ifsucli
and solely for that of the Republican a contest is to be now any longer pros-
party. It was not an ignoble error, | ecuted, after the demonstration now
not an unpardonable, though indeed a j patent to all the world of its true char-
tremendous, and now, for the present; acter, as a mere war of brute and bru-
ofthe inherent right of self-govern- | vance. As for the pressure of the hard-
ment iu peoples ; to all the doctrine of I ships and impoverishment of war upon
Southern families and homes,no amount
of such suffering pressing upon such a
people can producetany other effect
than to embitter their exasperation and
generation at least, an irreparable one.
If that error bad not been committed,
if any influential voices in denuncia
tion of it had b<?en raised and heeded in
time, amid the tumultuous confusion of
the hour—if the Democratic party had
then put upon the incipient war, that
veto which even then existed in the
misgiving hearts of thousands whose
terrorized or too prudent tongues re
fused it utterance—a true anil lasting
reunion,on the basis of a reformed Con
stitution, would have come about, al
ter. if not before, the next presidential
election. But now, after these two
tal force for the compulsion of one
great people by another, to submit to
a yoke ot alien government abhorred
by the resisting people with the inten-
sest degree of unanimo'us hatred ! Vic
tory itself in such a contest is the sui
cide of republican America—the abdi
cation of all was symbolized to the
world in our every national name.
Every true American, every true Dem
ocrat. every true Republican is now
bound, under penalty of absolute and
utter self-contradiction, to give rather
all his sympathies to the resisting, the
self-asserting and self-defending peo-
years of the bloodiest, the bitterest arid j pie ; a people amply large and strong
the most tremendous war ever witnes- ! euough for distinct national existence,
which he sees battling and battliug so
sed by a horrified world—a moral war
of hearts and of minds, surpassing in
the fierceness of its passions even all the
fury of its hundred fields of battle—this
present relapse into the same folly of
the dream of reunion through war is a
madness for which language has no
name.
Whatever may have been the case
two years ago, it is very certain that
the South, with a degree of exaspera
ted unanimity rarely, if ever, before
witnessed in the history of any people,
is now against re-union and for inde
pendence. Southern Unionism has
utterly evaporated out of the land
bravely, so enduringly, so self-sacriti-
cingly, for the maintenance of that
right divine of self-government, with
out which all our history is a mockery,
all our political doctrine an absurdity,
and all our national life a lie.
Whatever future may betide the
young flag ofthe new nationality which
lias been now so gallantly upheld by
the Southern people with equal con
stancy through weal and through woe,
during the past two years ofthe “ an
aconda” pressure, in a cause of legiti
mate self-defence and rightful self-as
sertion with which are interwoven all
Those who once cherished it, with a : the very cardinal ideas of American po-
lingering love all the more honorable litical life, what American worthy of
because' locally unpopular, have now the name would not be far more proud
become all the more vehement in reac
tion in the opposite direction. No
pretext of a Unionist party at the South
now survives to justify the further
prosecution of the war. The rights
and the duties of now depend upon the
facts of now. ,If. anything in human
politics is true and certain, it is that
the Confederate States can now never
be brought back into the old Union by
to share iu the magnificent glory of its
defeat, than to swell the exulting hosts
of brutal triumph, not alone over a
subjugated people, but over all that has
heretofore constituted the true great
ness, and the moral glory, of our na
tional life ? For myself at least, I will
only say that if the South is conquer
ed. I shall claim the high honor of
sharing, at least with my heart’s pro
force of arms, except as a conquered ; foundest and most sacred sympathies,
and subjugated country. Poland and | in such noble misfortune; and of then
Venetiaare lovingly loyal to Czar and [ claiming to cast in iny bumble lot un-
Kaiser, in comparison with the now j reservedly with so glorious, though so
universal sentiment of the South, to- j unhappy, a people. It it succeeds iu
wards the Union. Every man, old and
young, every child, male and female,
to nerve their determination. They
have already learned bow easy it. is af
ter all, when a nation is animated with
a great passion of patriotism, to bear
cheerfully, nay, even exultingly, the
extremest of personal privations. Tens
of thousands of the best gentlemen of
the land carry muskets in the ranks,
and march to eager battle with the
bare soles of their feet hardened by use
into insensibility; while hundreds of
thousands of delicate ladies submit,
proudly and without a murrrtur, to ev
ery form of domestic hardship. All
the women of the South weave and
work lor tiie soldiers in the field. In
exhaustible supplies of Indian meal,
rice, and bacon, where other food is
inaccessible, suffice, and must continue
amply to suffice, for such sustenance
as they are more than satisfied with.
To wish to subjugate such a people is
almost impious. To hope it is insani
ty. '
Sooner or later, all, Democrats, Re
publicans, Abolitionists alike, must ac
cept this truth, unpalatable as it may
be. The sooner the better for all. The i
Democracy of the North, in so far as it
supports the War, is playing the mere
part ofthe cat’s paw to the Abolition
ists and the politicians of the Republi
can party. It is for the satisfaction of
the fanatic vindictiveness ofthe one
and for the rescue ofthe partisan inter
est of the other, that the Democracy is
now misled, by the sacred spell-words
of Union and country, to carry on the
hopeless folly and wickedness of this
great war. It is now, at bottom, not
a question of patriotism, but of mere
party. The Republican party which has
has provoked and made the War,is like
the man who had the wolf by the ears,
cannot now let go of it,without absolute
and total party ruin. It will have to
come to that in the end, but they hope
to ride over the interval of eighteen
months to the next Presidential elec
tion, still afloat on the bloody wave of
war,'with the aid of the deceived De
mocracy. To stave off the dread dayof
reckoning which inevitably awaits
them, they urge and drag along the
more than half dissatisfied Democratic
every woman, mother, wife or girl has
now come to hate the North, and to
hate the Uniou, with au.indignant ab
horrence beyond all words. If broken
down in tbe end in the means ot organ
ized embattled resistance, that hatred
will but then receive the only further
degree of exasperation ot which it is
yet susceptible. Even when thus sub
jugated (if it were possible to suppose
such a result,) they would be but drag
ged, asa nation of prisoners, into a cap
tivity which it would be the absurdest
maintaining its independence,’! shall : party to support them in this prosecu-
at least from a distance pay them tbe j tion of their mere party interests, with
little tribute of my honest admiration,! a desperate hope in the chapter of ac-
and of my sincerest prayers that, in a cidents, but with a fearful recklessness
long career of renovated prosperity, | of all the aggregated ruin and woe they
are accumulating upon the country.
The public debt they are piliug up,
these unprincipled party leaders care
in truth little about. ‘ After us the
delutre.’ They well know it will be
time may heal the wounds of the pub
lic and private woe now bleeding as
though from every pore, and that, they
may continue to stand fast in peace, as
they have so nobly done in war, to
those fundamental ideas of republican, repudiated in the indignat hour of the
confederate self-government, for love great popular reaction. For the fu-
of which alone I was proud of the name \ ture honor and credit of my country I
of American citizen. rejoice that not a dollar ol that debt
But they never can be conquered ! has been taken abroad. A sagacious
of absurdities to call a federal union, j The past two years, and particularly ■ instinct of the truth ot this whole bu-
And the agitation of a permanent con- ' tj ie p as t year, have now too entirely ! si ness lias preserved the leaders of Eu-
spiracy, on a national scale of diuien- unified the whole Southern people, to j rope from touching it. The Govern-
sion, for the overthrow ot such a deles- j ma ke such conquest ever possible,even j ment has not even dared to offer it to
ted yoke, would date from that very though the North possessed ■ twice its them. This whole war of coercion has
yoke,
first day, aud would but await its op :
portunity fora renewal of the struggle
for independence—an opportunity which
the first menace of a foreign war would
present to be eagerly embraced.
As a general principle, in reference
to all forms of government, it is the
very fundamental idea of Americau-
ietn, that the only just foundation of a
government is “ the consent ofthe gov
erned.” With what multiplied force
this principle applies to the republican
form, and still more to the federative
forin, it is needless to dwell upon.—
actual superiority in numbers and oth
er material advantages. Invading at
tack needs to be many times superior
in force to resisting self-defence before
the desperate game of war becomes
equalized. All the power of the then
colossal Spanish Empire under Charles
V. and the succeeding Phillip’s, failed to
conquer two or three miserable little Republicans, or the other supporters
Dutch provinces, almost Lilliputian in £*il abettors of the war, it will be re-
been radically unconstitutional from
the cutset. A hundred acts of the
most flagrant unconstitutionality have
accompanied and still further charac
terized its prosecution. The War
Debt partakes of that pervading and
irreffiediable unconstitutiouality. Held
almost entirely by the Con tractors, the
provinces
their geography. Even petty and con
tiguous Portugal expelled victoriously
from its soil all the hosts of the same
still great power. Not in vain stands
pudiated, not alone on this ground of
essential unconstitutionality, but also
on the further one of that high public
justice which will declare the repudia
tion of that wicked debt to be but a
small measure of punishment to fall
upon those who will stand collectively
responsible (next to the Administra
tion) for the. war in which and for
which it was created. They have not
yet dared, to any extent, even in the
midst ofthe deluded public enthusiasm
iu favor of the.war, to support it by
any real taxation upon the body of the
people. What chance will there be of
its payment, by such taxation, to run,
like that of England,through indefinite
generations, after the war shall have
failed, after the separation of the Union
shall have become a fact not only ac
complished, but on all hands recogni
zed ? Dissolved by the accomplished
secession of uearly half the States, the
Union and the Constitution will be at
an end, legally and de facto at an end.
This debt was to have been paid by
the Union, through the collective na
tional resources which it was to have
commanded (such will be the plea of
the great agricultural North West;)
we, a fragmentary residuum of it, arts
neither able,nor can be properly called
upon, to pay it. The “ United States”
against whose name it will stand ou
every greenback and every bond, will
then exist no longer, The debtor will
be dead, and the debt dead with him.
Moreover, all minds will then be turn
ed to the one great aim and hope of
persuading the South to a reconstruc
tion of a new confederation ; and the
first manifestly indispensable means
towards that end will be to throw over
board this huge and crushing weight of
the war debt, whose every cent will
but represent an unforgiven drop of
Southern blood. The public generosi
ty, through some form of State action,
may perhaps make a few strictly count
ed exceptions in favor of minors whose
money may have been sunk by foolish,
trustees in such “ securities,” and some
provisions of interest for a term of
years may be allowed to them by the
fragmentary survivors of th© Union, on
some graduated extinguishing scale.
But neither American holders, nor for
eign investors whose cupidity may have
been tempted into such speculation on
the ruin of a great nation, will either,
receive, or deserve to receive, a dollar.
I am not sorry to embrace the oppor
tunity afforded by the printing of this
letter in London, to repeat from an
American, the warning which Europe
has before received from many intelli
gent European sources, against this
wicked and worthless war debt. If
thev can collect it from the private es •
tates of its reckless authors, well and
good for them. But let them never
look to see a first instalment of inter
est, after the termination of the war,
Irom any other source. It will be
simply ignored by non-provision for its
payment; nay, it will be out and out
repudiated, every dollar of it; right
fully repudiated, lawfully repudiated,
necessarily repudiated, repudiated not
only without a blush of shame, but
with regret that no other punishment,
beyond that mere loss of their money, _
can be visited upon the authors, aiders
and abettors, of this greatest public
crime of any age, the murder of the
American Union.
Mississippi is the State, which, in
the general opinion of Europe stands
chiefly associated with the idea of past
“repudiation.” But that question has
its two sides, and I have heard one of
the very highest legal authorities of
England declare that the debt repudia
ted by Mississippi was clearly uncon
stitutional and fraudulent, and that
its improvident holders, who were
simply defrauded by Mr. Nichols Bid
dle, had uo right or reason, beyond re
liance ou a voluntary magnanimity
which by their abusive language they
did little to conciliate, ever to expect
its payment. But the repudiation y
Michigan of a few paltry millions stood
and stands, nakedly inexcusable—
Michigan, one of our northernmost and
one of the most “Republican” States.
—What isto be look©! for from Michi
gan herself, and from all the agricul
tural States of which she is one, upon
the question ofthe payment of an in
terest little, if any, less than that ofthe
National Debt of England, when the
day stall arrive which will witness
arrayed and combined against such
debt, the whole force of the reasons,
reasons alike of right, of policy
and of necessity, above briefly suggest
ed?
As a citizen of Mississippi, I should
have gone for the payment of the dis
puted debt, on the ground, not of legal
obligation, but of honor and pride. As
a citizen of the North, I would strain
every nerve, through vote, voice and
pen, whether in a legislative seat or
before the people, in opposition to the
payment of the first dollar, whether of
interest or of principal, ofthe debt of
this, I had almost said worse thaninfer-
nal war. I claim no authority for this
expression of an individual mind; buf;
I do claim to utter that which tens
of thousands of more powerful voices
will ere long re-echo; and I confident
ly present in justification of this pre
diction the reasonson which it is frank
ly founded.
I hear rumors of some attempt con
templated by the fatal faction now in
power at Washington to raise a foreign
loan.—This is probably the foundation
ofthe loose talk of a “hundred mill
ions” from Europe put forth by the
organs of Mr. Chase after he had fail
ed in New York to borrow more than
a few driblets, in the form of the con
version of one fashion of paper into
auother-of “greenbacks” into “five
twenties.” There is even some ab
surd report of some sort ot pledge of
the future customs. The customs!
Why, if anything could aggravate the
swift-coming indignation of the public
reaction, it would be the national dis
grace of a specific pledge of the cus
toms of New York as poor despised
Mexico has been wont to galvanize
her dead and putrid credit by hypoth-
