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O. f>- GORMAN & ft. A. HOJjMBS, Propriiitorn. VOL. IV. TALBOTTON STANDARD. WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 20, 1873. VILLF/S CHEMICAL THEORY. To the Editor of the Plantation : An article has appeared in the Talbot ton Standard, purporting to be a reply to my strictures on M. Yille’s chemical theory, by Prof. Mussa, of Messina,ltaly. We understand this gentleman to he, or to have been a student of M. Ville, and that the article will also appear in The Plantation by his particular re quest. Hence, we reply to it through your journal, as your readers are sup posed to bo more interested in agricul tural matters. As we have long since learned that, for a controversialist to show his tem per, or try to ridicule his opponent, fur nishes unmistakable evidence that he has the worst of the argument, I shall try and avoid these rocks upon which iny opponents, in this controversy, have been so signally wrecked. First, then, as to a matter of fact: we stated that M. Yille used caustic lime in one of his formulas. Mussa says it is false, although the proof of our assertion was in the very article to which he was attempting a reply. We place it before him and your readers again. It is found in Martel's translation of Yille’s six lec tures ip 1801, p. 01, and is the only for mula in the book: "M. Ville’s complete manure Ur one acre: i'licwpliAte of Lime 252 pounds. Carboßate ol X'ottasaa 352 pounds. quick Lime 132 pounds. Nitrate of Soda *IBB pounds. On p. 98 he reiterates the formula,only lie demands that the lime must be used —we quote his words verbatim—“in the state of caustic lime.” Professor Mussa asks: “Since humus is originated of decaying plants previous ly formed, how could there he humus without primeval vegetation ?” We in form the gentleman that there are three classes of plants; one class feed on rocks, even when coarsely disintegrated, gush ns the cactuses, mosses, lichens, Ac.; another class feed exclusively on organic matter, at least so far as their carbon is coneernfcd, as the perouospora infest anst, fungi, mushrooms, Ac.; also several spe c's of mistletoe and the momrtrrtpa, which grows and feeds upon decayed vegetable watte r. Still a third elm s, em bracing all the agricultural plants, re quire both mineral and organic matters in their soils. Hence, we ailirm that there were no agricultural plants until primeval vegetation prepared • food for them. If Professor Mussa will go over to Mt. Vesuvius, he will see this theory fully exemplified on the soils produced by the older and more recent lavas. On the latter, he will find the lichens and ether plants above mentioned, and a few ef still a higher order, struggling for a scant subsistence on the soil made by their debris. On the older lavas, lie will find cultivated fields and plants growing luxuriously on soils which were once rocks, but now prepared for a higher or der of vegetation by successive gem ra tions of plants which proceeded and pre pared the soil for them. Is not this per fectly natural? Does not this accord with the views entertained by all natu ralists who have philosophized on the subject. But Prof. Mussa says: "The manner in which Dr. Pendleton talks of Islam*, gives us to .surmise that he has m l liven Qualified for making experiments, aud that the tailure should have been ascribed not to thachem icai process, but iather to the chemist operator." However this may be, I have the sat isfaction of know ing that none of my experiments have ever been condemned by a scientific commission as was the case # with VI. Georges Ville in his cele brated controversy with Boussingault in 1849, 1850, 1851 and 182, as" to whether free nitrogen is assimilable by plants. Boussingault established the negßive of this question as true in a se ries of experiments, when VI. Ville made a number of experiments on a larger scale, and announced that vegetation feeds on the free nitrogen of the air, and that Bouissingault’s experiments were failures, being conducted on too small a scale. VI. Bonissingault went to work, and by seven experiments, the details of which we have in our possession, prov ed very conclusively that VI. Yille's anti quated notions had not the least founda tion for them in fact. We will state the denouement of this controversy in the words of Professor Johnson, of Yale College: “In comparing the investigations of Biussin gault and Ville, as detailed in-their own words, tire critical reader cannot fail to be struck with the greater simplicity of. the apparatus used by the lbrmer, and his more exhaustive study of the P'-Hsible houroe of error incidental to the investi gation—facts which are greatly in favor of the conclusions of this skillful aud experienced phi losopher. Furthermore, Cioez, who was ap pointed by a commission of the French Academy to oversee the repetition of Vilte's experiments, found that a considerable quantity of nmonia teas either generated within , or introduced into, the npqri rrtbu if Ville dqriug the period of the trials, which, of course, vitiated all his insults.” But Prof. Mussa, (like the whippowil, which makes a great fluttering around a place some distapco from its nest in or der to deceive the passer-by as to its true location,) has left the points made by rue as against Yille’s chemical theory, by attempting to identify my theory w ith wuat he deems antiquated notion L Over the humus theory he makes all his flut tering when he lias misstated our views in reference to that theory, and shown nis ignorance of what it is, and how it | originated. We will enlighten him. | Berzelius was the author of this theory, not Timer. Ha contended that plants fed directly on humus, and received most of their carbon from this source. Liebig opposed these views, aud estab lished what was called the mineral theo ry. that plants obtained from the soil its organic food, while it derived all of its carbon from the atmosphere. Now, 1 have never believed, much less intimated in any place, that agricultu ral plants feed on humus, as such, al though De Saussnre Wiegman, and oth er eminent chemists,satisfied themselves that they did. If M. Mussa can prove this against me, it also stands out equal ly in bold relief against his master, VI, Ville. I stated that humus furnished food to plants as ctffbon; that it. holds moisture and ammonia to feed the plant in dry weather, and that in its widest sense, viz: rerjetable matter in the ats of decay, as defined by Liebig, it furnishes other ele ments bolides carbon, w hich are its con comitants, such as phosphorus, sulphur, A'c. Of course, the carbon is first trans posed into carbonic acid, and'the phos phorus into phosphoric acid, and the sulphur into sulphuric acid before plants can feed upon them. Now, what does VI. Ville say in his six lectures on Agriculture, page 39 ? lie says: ‘•lf the chemical prop.-riics of humus are dif ficult to chur.u’teriz \ its presence in the soil is ... 1. . b • rb , water with pivat euerg ml ipvatly ineivust-s in* volume under its iufi . I !y this property it contributes to main;.mi the coolness ol the soil by retarding its drying ” On the same page lie say s: “By this manner of comporting itself with rmi-x in min and atmnopiitca suits,the utility of which arc recognized in our previous lecture, humus renders important serve* s to \ < g. t itiou. It pre vents, at least partially, the loss of the ammonia which results from th< spontaneous posi tion of nitrogenous org vie umt'.ers Inured in the soil.” ‘•Moist humus expos • 1 to the air, undergoes a slow combustion, which makes oi* it a constant source of carbonic acid The part pined by this a*'id in vegetable nutritition is of the highest importance,” Av. Page 30: “The carls >u*c acid which i([humus] unceasingly produces in the s ii Moves to dis solve tin* mineral matters, phosphates, alkalies, lime, magnesia, iron, &<\ It calls- s the dis.ig without it, would r. in. = in. it in the oil, Our bonic acid, derived Ir an humus, i* then, ns a whole, the* principle a c.i' ofsolution. oapab'c of But. on p • til, ~r. Vi Ilf “iv- sus the OHnp■ , Rlßm of ai a’id) noil, which hr. divides into M eh.-t.leal •• -. •its, Active flHSMuiljiblo agents, and Assimilable agents in reserve. The first class he subdivides into organic and mineral. The active organic assimilable agents he puts clown, as hn mitts, nitrates and ammoniacal salts; and among those agents in r.-serve, ho places uudecom posod organic matters at the head. How does this position of M. Ville, that humus i.< an attire assi inHabit”, agent of a, fertile soil, tally with Prof. Mussa’s notions of humus? He says: “What a deuce teaches of its constituent* is, they arc nothing but c.'rbou and water, suchc-lo uuiiitu iv> plants have p dutifully at their disposi tion evt ry vvh-ro, in air, rain-water, andinevt-ry h> >il. Mow, then, cau humus be the cause of fer tility?” Again, he says: “SiiMje thirty years we have known bow to make the most fertile noils without humus, and to enrich the poorest Unit have no humus, not by the application or aid of humus, but by em ploying purely mineral substances.” Sec how lie contradicts M. Ville, who says that ‘ /1 nun's i, s* an ad ire assimilable agent-of a fertile mil that “it renders • important services to vegetation,” Ac., Ac., while Mussa denies that humus can be a cause of fertility. Jlufc on page 58 of the same book, M. Ville gives us an experiment in calcined sand with his complete manure, in which he proves that where humus is added to it the crop is increased twenty-five per cent, by the simple addition of humus; and as an inference from this, he de duces that one of his mineral constitu ents of manure, viz: lime, only produces a useful effect in humus. Baron Liebig, author of the mineral theory, who wrote so many pages against humus, says that “Humus in the soil generates,constantly,fresh carl ionic acid. “Humus .supplies young plants nourish ment in the form of carbonic tu-id by tha roots. Its quantity heightens the fertility of a soil by yielding more nourishment in the first period *>l growth. Humus acts, in the respect, as a source ol carbon to plants; but \ ‘getabh: mold contains other substances which are equally neces: a-y to plant*?.” (Liebig’s Agricultural Lhwmlstry, p. 07.) He says, also: That “it humus wuh morn fiilnMe than it is. being dissolved by rain-water, a heavy or contin ued rain would iijipov. risli the soil.” But I could fill a whole number of The Plantation with quotations from almost every writer on Agricultural Chemistry of the present and past ages, taking the same view of the subject, but I forbear. Even Mussa himself in the May number of the “Rural Carolinian,” after berat ing the idea that plants can cat humus, or organic matter, for he uses them in terchangeably, says: "It (organic matter) is a favorable condition for getting abundant crops: first, lor its physical properties bearing upon Uie fitness of the soil: then, i<3r its chemical properties, producing in the soil some reactions very useful to vegetation." But we cannot forbear to notice a lit tle more of his logic, to prove that hu mus is not essential to fertilize crops, bet the reader use' the term potash in the place of humus, and he will perceive how fallacious his arguments are. "Not all soil* rich of humus [potash] are fertile "With inunus [potash] atone, no one can t. r tiiize a poor soii. Tnen it is not humus [potash] that fertilizes, bat the minerals which are asso ciated with it.” If we listen to such reasoning as this, we can prove that potash, phosphoric “WHAT IS IT BUT A MAP OF BUSY LIFE, ITS FLUCTUATIONS AND ITS VAST CONCERNS.” TALBOTTON, GA., WEDNESDAY AUGUST 20, 1873. acid and every other fertilizer is of no value in Agriculture. As to his hold assertion, that M. Ville can produce as good crops, and has done it, in soils entirely denuded of organic matter, as with it, I simply do not be lieve it, nor is there any practical plan ter in Georgia who can be made to be lieve it. We here reiterate what we asserted in our nrply to Mr. Howard, “that if cot ton were planted in a field of pure sand and fertilized with Yille’s complete ma nure, without Yille’s watering pot to keep up a supply of water as needed, uot one stalk would over mature its fruit. Hence, M. Yille’s experiments in flower pots effectually fall to the ground as wholly impracticable to the planters of the South. They can furnish the salts at a high price, but they cannot furnish the rain. Plenty of humus in a soil will cool itsunl moisten it, besides its furnishing carbonic acid to the plant. We will further enlighten Prof. Mus sa as to how we supply our soils with humus witln it having to wait a hundred years,or manufacture it from sugar,as he proposes. ’ This wo do by rest, or a rota tion of crops. Cotton is a humus-de stroying plant from its clean culture. Our planters let their soils rest at least one year in three, in order to grow a crop of woods for their soil, or sow in small grain. It has become a notorious fact among all intelligent planters, that when they apply chemical fertilizers, they always pay better in stubble lands, fresh lands, aud those abounuing in humus or organic matter. That they will not p a per cent, on the investment whenever ap plied to galled spots on clay lands, denuded of organic matter, or in poor sdicious soils where this has been exhausted from it. It has further boon ascertained, by chemists and practical planters in this country, that the difference between a worn-soil and aprituative soil by its side, is simply in the loss of .organic matter and in its concomitants: nitrogen and phosphoric acid. These being restored to a- oil, abundant crops \\ ill be the re sult. That the application of these two latter principles are less or more pro due' ive according to the amount of or ganic math z in a soil. I have now an experiment with wash 'd s ind in a box,to which all of M. Yille’s *a!‘s ha chon applied, and more too, in soluble proportion", in w hich cotton sit 1 was planted in April, af cr having the sand thoroughly saturated with font,lain water. Notwithstanding (he rain have boon frequent, I have had to apply water several times to keep the plants from failing. In a barrel close by, I have, tho sur face soil taken from a field, which would heeded very poor in France, I pre sume. It sliti has several per cent, of or ganic, matter. Tho cotton planted in this soil v ithout manure or salts of any kind, without water, except the rain,on ly the first application when planted, is dark-green aud flourishing, aud at’least twenty times us largo as that in the sand, having a number of forms ready to pro duce fruit. W hile that in the sapd, is not' only diminutive, but has a sickly hue, and one or two diminutive forms; several of tho bottom leaves have also died. Another barrel of subsoil, purely, tak en from immediately beneath the sur face soil of the other, with but littlo or no organic matter, failed to produce liv ing plants until tho third trial, and now they are feeble and diminutive. A\'ill Prof. Mussa tell us the cause of Ibis' I great difference ? The answer is clear, and will be made clearer, I doubt not, when the soils are analyzed, that the es sential difference between them is hu mus and its concomitants. M. Grundeau, the opponent and critic of M. Ville in Franco, has satisfied him self that humus, in its widest sense, em braces the veritable plant food. That the “maliere noire’ —black matter —ex- tract' and from the soil by ammonia, con tains the humus, and, chemically a; se dated w ith it, the soluble mineral food of plants; and he lays it down as a de duction from his that the amount of humus in a soil stands in a di rect ratio to its fertility. W ithout adopting these views of M. Grundeau, lam free to say, as Dr. Shep ard lias recently said in noticing this the ory in the “Rural Carolinian •” “All practice appears to warrant the views of this school, since it is well known that only those lands are fertile that possess a considerable quantity of humus, and that it is for the interest of every culti vator of soil to promote its formation.” We reiterate our positions as hereto fore taken in tho following propositions, and will maintain them against M. Ville, Prof. Mussa, or any of the advocates of their theories in this country, provid ed they will keep, their temper and at tempt argument rather than ridicule: 1. No soil is fertile without organic matter or humus. 2. That in our climate plants will per ish without maturing their fruit by the application of chemical fertilizers denud ed of organic matter. • 3. That Peruvian guano, superphos phates and chemical salts, such as Ville’s formulas, increase the production of cot ton in our soils acccording to the ratio of humus or organic matter in them. E. M. Pendleton. Agricultural Colleys, Athens, Get. 1873. Colli nsworth Institute, Talbot tou, Ou. Fall Term, bogies August 4th. and embraces four months. Spring Town. for 1874, begins February 2nd. anil embraces six months. Tuition: $2, $3, $4 and $5 per month, (/ con tract for the Term , and paid in adeancc. Board, tuition, washing and incidentals, for Fall Term, SBI.OO. 7- Or Arrangements have been made with tho Board of Education to receive pupils entitled to tho benefits of the Public School Funds. Sec notice of County School Commissioner. j. t. McLaughlin/ a. m., janlG-ly Principal and Proprietor. MT. All. Y Male & Female Academy Tho next session ol this school will open on the 21st. iusb, and continue during four mouths or eighty scholastic days. Tuition lor tho session $13.00. Board can be obtained in good families at rea sonable rotes. Pupils arc rigidly examined up on entrance ami at the close of the session. ,;*b'•These • v.iuiieations are not private. They arc open to the public. For further particulars, address the under signed at Wavorly Hull, tin. j1,y30-tf. ‘ J. O. CALHOUN. DR. JNO. W. KAIGLER Having located in Talbottou, respectfully ten ders his services to the citizens of the town and surrounding country. Special attention given to Obstetrics and Dis eases of Women and Children. ; Of* lie may be found at the residence of Mrs. Blount or at the Drug Store when not profession ally engaged. uprdO-tf. J. M. MATHEWS, At i <> i* ii e y : t I. a vv, TALBOTTON, GEORGIA. Will practice in all tho Court* of the Chatta hoochee Circuit. Federal Court tit Savannah,and Supreme Court of the State. mchlSbtf. CALVIN C A.LHOUN, Vli<> i- ii y :i 1 L aw, BOX SPRINGS, TALBOT CO. ft*-Will practice in all the Courts of the Chattahoochee Circuit. mchltbtf. !.. I‘. m'LAUGH UN. CIIAS. O. RUSH. McLaughlin & rush, I mNTIS’FS, TALBOTTON, -- - - - GEORGIA. (Office South Side Public Square.) #'>'“Dr. L. F. McLaughlin will continue to travel in this aud adjoining counties. Calls from a distance will receive* prompt attention. Dr. C.. 0 Hush will remain >tx tho operating room, which will be ooen to patients at all hours of t h. : day, MuLAUGHLLN & KUSH. January 23-tf. W. <J. CLEMONS, W. A. .TAMES, CLEMONS & JAMES, Cotloii <k, ( 'ommissi(n MERCH A N T S , Cuiumbii'i, - - Georgia. Agent o , Spring Villa Manufacturing Company “ Palupsoo Guano jan IC-tfi I b\ Garrard, ATTORNEY AT LAW, COLUMBBUS, - - - GEORGIA. Will give special attention to Bankruptcy cases and press them to a speedy conclusion. The office of tlm Kegisb r in Bankruptcy for Talbot, Harris, Marion, Taylor, and other ad joining counties, is in the city of Columbus. / ' All letters answered, foefen i<> Judge E. 11. Worriil. jne‘2s-tf. CAMPBELL & ENGLISH, wholesale Lkjout- I )eah'rs 3 .*<i on i: i? 1 1. v s r., Macon, Georgia. apr2-tf J. 11. HAMILTON^ WHOMWAIJS AND DETAIL HEALED IN* I lug'ging', r J l ics, J Tire on, Siili, Sugars, Oofleo, V c., See Sc c. ALSO Always on Hand ft Hull Stock of Plantation and Family Grocer ies and Provisions. Junction of Franklin, Warren and Oglethorpe streets, COLUMBUS, GEOEGIA. All purchases delivered free of drayag in tho city and suburbs. jue4-tf. W. E. RAGLAND. C. W. KIMBROUGH. RAGLAND & KIMBROUGH, COM MIS SIO NM E K CIIA NT S, -IX- General Groceries -AND- Staple Dry Gfoods, and Slioetrh A T \V IL SON ’ S CO It NE R. ;?*??•• Will romme n Ce business the First of April. Consignments solicted. sell for (ash ! Give u-> a rai nicbl£MU LoYi'rt Fniiialo Collo^o, TALBOTTON, a A. After a week’s intermission, for \he Christinas holidays, the regular exercises ot thi u institution will bo resumed on Monday, Dec. 30th, 1872. Besides the usual advautn ;oh in the Literary and Scientific department, special advantages are offered in Music. Mrs. V.uulenherg,(late ot Columbus, (4a.,) with twelve years experience, wil continue to have charge of this department. 7dU'For further particulars apply t.o tho President Key. V. K. Makokt. janO-lv. . Talbottou, (4a. J. B. ARTOPE & SON, ilk 1 r ■,• ; U h (.. iTst. I m J*“- • 31 A K 1S IA i: —AN D— ( 41*1111 it o \\ oi *ks. Also, Iron Railing; and Slate lUanf les, First class Designs furnished and Estimates giv en on short notice .j'ffi-OnKis solicited. Corner Third and Plumb Streets, March 19-ly * MACON, GA. LAWTON & WILLINGHAM, M C O IST, OjV . , —OFFER TO THE— FARMERS OF TALBOT COUNTY AND ADJOINING COUNTIES, Planta t ion Supplies () NT T I M IE! 1 <>i- Approved Paper. AVrite them or call when you visit Macon. mcli‘2{>-lf. Marshall House. A. B.LUCE, Proprietor. BOARD THREE DOLLARS PER DAY. Savamiali, Ga. Farmers, Read This ! A LARGE STOCK OF Planters Scovie, and Scovxe’s Pattern Hobs, Trace Chains, Axes, Soovil and Pean teb’h lloes, Pad-Locks, Table Cutlery,Pocket Knives, Hollow-Ware, &a, &c. IS OFUKIfED TO THE i'IOOPLE OF TALBOT AND ADJOINING COUNTIES, AT V Klt V 1.0 W P It ICIC H ! flTc-Wv ran suit every body in Stoves, wilh the IT it fttvoritf,-. "SUNNY SOUTH,” “COTTON I'LANi\” "BENEFAftTOR” mill “STEWART.' Every stove Runrauteul. G,iU ami see us or seud your orders to OLIVER, DOUGLASS A CO., uprtiO-tf Mnoou, Ga. BOOK AND MUSIC HOUSE! J. W. PEASE & NORMAN, 7(4 If road St., Coflu minis, La. - -DEALERS IN Books, St.v’iom.ry, Pianos, Okoanh, Vio link. Guitars, Sheet Music and Music Books. .Rosewood and M.diogony Writing Desks and Work Boxes, Family and Pock Bibles, Testa ments, llymn and Prayer Books, Blank and Miscellaneous Books; Chromoh, Oil Baintinoh, .PrcnniE Frames; Cap, Letter, Note, Wrapping Papers, Twines, Gold and Ml 1 Pens, Pencils, W;ill Paper, Window Shades, Fire Screens, Ac. Also, Lawn and Parlor CROQUET, and all kinds of Games. —O— ALL GOODS SOLD AT TIIE Very Lowest Prices, for Cash ! filled promptly on as good terms as if made in person. Send for price of anything you may want in our line,which will be promp t ly attend* n to. Liberal terms given to T< no ers and Merchants. npr23-lyq. E. J. JOHNSTON, DEALER IN WATCHES, JEWELRY SILVER WARE, FANCY GOODS,* FINE CUTLERY, MUSICAL INSTKUMENTS, STRINGS, ETC. Sole Agent for the Celebrated DIAMOND PEBBLE SPECTACLES, Eye-Glasskh, Ltc. jzaepParticulur attention given to r< pairs on fine and difficult watches. Jewelry, Ac., repaired and engraving. Corner Mulberry and Second fttreeis, Macon, Ga. apr2H I,v. DANIEL COLLINS, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN All kinds of Furniture. Old Furniture Repaired. All kinds of Wood Turning and House Mouldings furnished at short notice, OPPOSITE the EMPIRE MILLS, Columbus, fia. jan IG-ly L. W. It n sdnl, DEALER IN I.IQUOSSS. WINES. ETC., MACCM, GA. Groat bargains offered to the trade. npJ4-ly, DOOItS, SASH and BLINDS, I jy MOULDINGS. BRACKETS,STAIR IVI lixtures, Builders’ Fimiisliinc iHardware, Drain Pipe, Floor Tiles. I Win* Gnovrs, Teir.’i Cotta Ware, Mar blo aud Slate Mantle Pieces. Window Glass a Siveciai.ty. Circularr; and Price Lists sent free i on upplieali' n, by P. P. TOALE, 20 Tfaync and 33 Pinckney Ms , oft 10-1 f. Charleston, S. ('. White Fine Lumber for Safe! COTTON GIN REPAIRING! Fred J. Clemons, formerly wilh Messrs. W. G. Clemons, Brown & Cos., lms located him self at the Columbus Steam Planing Mills (R.lt. Goetchius & C 0.,) where ho # is prepared to re model and repair all kind of Gins in a work manlike manner. Long experience in this bus iness lms rendered him competent to give gener al satisfaction. Send in your Gins before you want them, aud give mo time to do you a job that wiil please you. F. J. CLEMONS: may7-6m * Columbus. (4a. NOTICE! We take pleasure in anouncing to the public tliiit we are opening at OUIt < >1 .S > SI’AN i>, A COMPLETE STOCK OF FANCY &. STAPLE DRY-GOODS, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, AO., Which we offiir at Wholesale and Retail, as Low us the same Qualify can be bought in this Mar ket ! Call, see, examine and Buy ! o'TLoso indebted to hr prior to September, 1871, will please come forward, pay up and com mence anew. Mr. Jim. Gamble, of Talbot coun ty, is still connected with tlm house. JNO. McGOUGIi Aw CO., nmyl4-tf. Colnmbiis, Georgia. CLAGHOBB I cIRBGHAII WHOLESALE G ROGERS, AND DEALERS IN Fine Wines, Liquors&Segars, SAVA NX All, GA. apr2-6m STEAM SOAP WORKS, Blasinoame <SI Cos., PitopniLToiis, MACON, - - <;i:okgia. We beg t > invito y-ur ait'-utiqu to Ibis enter prise, and to .mJioit ymi jiatmn.ige. Our Soaps are compose dof tie- I ,t material, including a large percentage of Palm and Olivi: Oils, which make them superior lor (Jenend Family Use, rendering the hands smooth and soft. Id Clothes Washings our Soaps maybe re lied upon to accomplish more with less materi al and labor, than ll.au those of any other market; and cannot under any circumstances whatever, do the least injury to the finest fabric, or most delicate color. You may use hard or sour water, although the latter i* always prefer able* It will ren lily remove grease, tar, prin ter’s ink, etc. So confident are we of the supe rior merits of our goods that wo ask no dis-. rirui nation in our favor, ns compared with anything on the market, so that you can at once encourage southern industry, umi at the same time directly serve your own intcie t. Our Mr. (Po <'. Sp.-neer, (Professor of Chem istry), has fi r thirty years been knowy as a practical and skillful munulacturer, at the head ol some of the largest aud most successful es tablishments in the country. With every lacility, using the best material and Chemical Combinations, and offering every reasonable facility to customers and the trade, we challenge com pet ion. * Wo now prosenfc our popular brands of “Cffemical Olivo,” & “Poor Man’s” /Soap, each bar bearing our stamp. We shall in timo add to our manufacture, Toilet, Fancy and Castile /Soaps equal to the best. Our Soups arc put up in boxes of /Seventy-five bars each, weighing about Sixty pounds. Your orders reject fully solicited, which will receive our prompt attention. JiLASiNGAMK & CO., Macon, Ga. N. B. Simph sof our soaps may be seen at B. 11. Wrigloy A Co.'s, Second Street, Macon, ’ Ga. jnne 4-3 in. TERMS, *2.00 PER ANNUM. NO. 33.. | The Rankin House (Formerly COOK’S HOTEL.) Broad Street, Columbus, Ga. J. AV. RYAN, Pi’opi’ietor. FRANK GULDEN, Clewc. READ, READ! -WE HAVE ON HAND & TO AEEIVE : 10,000 I lunhels I’l'iii: e AVliito Corn. 50,000 lbs. Bacon and Bulk Meats. 3,000 Duwtjols Oats. 300 bbls. Flour, Family, Extra Family and Fancy. STOCK OF GROCERIES j - IS - Pull Complete, And vo are prepared to sell at the low est market ju ice. E. BARNARD & CO., nich l "2-tf Columbus, Ga. W. J. CHAFF l it, Bookseller, {Stationer, * —AND DEALE& IN— Musical Instruments, VO. 92 11R0AD STREET, COLUMBUS, GA. april2-ly. 11l 11 PLACE TO IIUV HARDWARE CHEAP! —IS AT— JOHNSON & DUNLAP’S, 7-Z TJMRU ST ItE ET, MACON,GA. apr3o tf. LIVERY,FEEDt SALE STABLES, Talbotton, Ga. Grimace &. Martin call tlie attention of travel ‘ l ' h [mil the people generally to their no-.v line ol business at the old stand formerly occupied by Wirt. 15. Spain, di ceased. They run the hack ' \i( r a day from Talbotton ft) Geneva, meeting trains from both east and west; and are prepar ed to send parties in coaches, carriages, hacks °r busies to ary point in this and adjoining counties, at rea&juable rates 1 r from Geneva to Talbotton, SI.OO. Tick ets sold at SO.OO per dozen. . *A‘\\ll letters or packages to be sent off by tin- hack, must be deposited at the office, with ■ npi. Gaimige, who will give*them his prompt attention, and in no case will they be received l*y the driver, on leaving town, causing deten tion. Parties wishing to go off on the hack, must be ready by 7$ o’clock, a. m., and at 3 o’clock, P. m., and the driver is not allowed to wait longer than :i minutes for gentlemen and 5 for ladies. Those living ill the suburbs of the town must give no li ac in time, so that they can get to the office by the time the hack leaves. '1 lio hack will only run to Geneva once on the Sabbath and then in the afternoon,except in ur gent cases, when conveyance will be furnished 7: '• '(’apt. Geo. W. Carnage has fitted up and opened his jewelry, watch making and repairing establishment at the stables, where he will be glad to see all of his old friends and attend promptly, and with dispatch, anything in his line that may be entrusted to him. ■ jftti3o-tf. GAMAGE & MARTIN. I* IT C li E Y E mo WIK G &EEAPIHG MACHINES —TAYLOR— I I o rs o IT a kes, CRAIG’S HORSE POWER, ECLIPSE COTTON PEESS, Grain Cradles, Grass Knives, Scythe Blades; Polished Steel Sweeps, Hobs, Feed . Oiilter-.s, Cider Alibis, Maeliines, Pratt’s Ontton G-ijas. MlOlHliH A.l\ IJ PLAN'jre OK ALL TIKHrniPTIONS. HOLSTEAD k CO., Columbus Agricultural Depot, febl.3-tf ColujnbuH, Ga. L. 1 - COW DEIi Y, DEALER IN House-Furnishing Goods, SILVER PLATED WARE, G LASS AV Ali E , Best White and Gilt,French China, White Gran ite and Iron-Stone Ware, Cbmmon Creaw-Color od Ware, Ac., &c. Home Building, Columbus,Ga. Jan. IG-ly. Food for the Hungry! The uml rsigncd having taken control of the Gorman, btephensou & Cos. Mill, are jtfepared to tarnish the bust meal mailo in this country at as low figures as any market. For the present Meal will be sold at one dollar per bnsfie! at the Mill, and will be delivered in Geneva in qnanti tiee of thirty basnets and upwards at the same price. o Orders left at Dennis A Baldwin’s, Tal botton; Huff ,t Persons and T. A. Brown & Son. Geneva, will receive, prompt attention, j •ne-l-Sin. DENNIS A GORMAN.