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THE WASHINGTON GAZETTE. JAS. A. WRIGHT, AGENT. THE WASHINGTON GAZETTE. Teems —Three Dollars a year, in advance IMPEACHMENT—THE ONLY FOUH CASES IN THE HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT. The Detroit Advertiser and Tribune— gives the following succinct statement of the only four cases of impeachment which have occured Since the foundation of the Government. It is a radical sheet, and in giving this somewhat interesting record, it of course anticipates the impeachment of the President: 1. William Blount, of Tennessee for some years Governor of the territory South of the Ohio River, having been elected to the United States Senate, was, in 1799, ex pel led from that body by a vote of tweuty five to one, and declared to be “guilty of a high misdemeanor entirely inconsistent with bis public trust and duty as a Sena tor.” Ilis offence was an attempt to se duce an United States interpreter from his duty and to alienate the affections and con fidence of the Indians from public officers residing among them. It was believed that be instigated the Indians to assist the British in Conquering the Spanish territo ry adjoining the United Ststcs. Two points were made for the defence. First. That Blount had not done these evil deeds in his capacity of a public officer, hut aa a private citizen. Second. That his being a United Stales Senator screened him, for an officer elected by a Slate Legislature, and neither chosen, not appointed, nor re movable by the General Government, could not be a ‘civil officer of the United States’ within the scope of the impeachment clau ses of the Constitution. Ou these teelmi cal grounds, the Senate ‘let him down ea sy,’ by dismissing the case. Blount had many friends and backers, iho South-west being then corrupt and turbulent to a de gree that foreshadowed the great rebellion lately quelled by the North and West, 2. In 1804, John Pickering, Judge of the United States District Court of New Hampshire, was impeached before the Sen ate, by order of the House, for drunkun ness roid profanity on the bench,' and refu |fosing to perforin hisduties in a ears where - he was called to enforce the revenue laws of the United States. The Judge did not appear; but his son sent a petition, setting forth that his father was iusane, and asking leave to be heard bv counsel. This was granted, and sc vara I depositions were put in going to show insanity. The reply was that he had brought ‘rum craziness’ on himself. Judge Pickering had raved and blasphemed on lire bench in open court; cursed the parties ; called people (some times perfect strangers) to corne up and sit besides him on the bench, threatening to cane them if they refused. We can find no evidence that he compared himself to the Saviour of mankind, or blackguarded that branch of the Government which vo ted him his ‘bread and butter,’ or called for the hanging of those who differed from him in opinion. But, perhaps, the whis key pf those times was not so fiery as the . Presidential beverage of to day. J udge Picketing having exercised judic : al author ity during insanity, and not offering to re sign, the Senate voted him guilty, and re moved him fiom office—yeas twenty, nays six. All the Federal Senators voted in the negative; just as the Democrats of our time, having swung clear “round the cir cle in political principles,would now vote on Johnson’s ease, if be were to be impeach ed. 3. In 1705, Samuel Chase, of Maryland, an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, was impeached by the House (73 to 32) and tried by the Senate. He was a grey-haired old man, of power ful intellect, vast legal learning and irre proachable morals. He had sat in the Congress of ’76 and signed the Declaration of Independence, and had by his zeal and energy done wonders in redeeming Mary land from British and Tory sway, and bringing her over to the side of American liberty, lie bad, by hard work, sharp figuring' and legal shrewdness, secured for his State a debt of $650,000 due her in England before the Revolution. Not a man of greater ability and patriotism t hen sot on the judicial bench in our land. His Auilts were ultra Federal notions,an abusive tongue and a quick temper. The great public services of the accused ; the nation, aleminence of the tribunal; the excited state of party feeling, well represented by the celebrated John Randolph, of Roan oke, as accuser on tbe put of the House, and tbe continuance of the trial for nearly a month—all these combined to ma ke a most notable and Interesting case. It was a State trial deserving the brilliant descrip tive pen of Motley or Macaulay. Judge WASHINGTON, WILKES COUNTY, 4k, FRIDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 2, 1866. Chase was allowed one month to prepare his defence, and, in consideration of his age and infirmities, he was seated in the centre of the area of the Senate chamber, in front of the Vice-President. That officer was the ‘black sheep’ of our early politics, Aarop Burr, who, with prospects and repu tation blasted by his Southern filibustering and his murder of Alexander Hamilton, yet praised with all his wonderful dignity, tact nnd grace. There were eight articles of impeachment. Large numbers of wit nesses were examined on both sides, aud the forensic displays remind one of Warren Hastlmgs' trial in England, teu years be fore. Chase's counsel were three most able lawyers—Luther Martin, of Maryland ; Charles Lee, late United States Attorney- General ; and Robert Goodloe Harper, a former Federal leader in the House. Ran dolph had six Representative to help him the case, and be never had a more eliciting tliemeJor his peculiar sar casm. Article I charged Judge Chase with un fairness and oppression at the trial o's John Fries for treason, in 1800, whereby the ac cused was condemned to death without having been heard by counsil in his de fenoe. On this article, there were 16 Sen •tors for conviction and T 8 for acquittal. Article II charged him with arbitrary rul ing in rrgard to a juryman, at the trial of James T. Callender for libel on President Adams, in 1800. There were 10 Senators for conviction and 24 for acquittal. Arti cle Ilf charged that at the samo trial tbe Judge had unjustly excluded the evidence of a material witness for the defence. For Article IV charged him, at the same time, with ‘manifest injustice, impartiality and intemperance,’ iu refusing a postponement; in the use of ‘unusual, rude and contemp tuous expressions to the prisoner’s counsel, ‘in repeated and vexatious interruptions,’ aud in ‘an indecent solicitude’ for the con viotion of the accused. For conviction, 18; for acquittal, 16. Article V charged him with illegally refusing to admit Cal lender to bait. AeqiGtted unanimously. Article VI charged the Judgo with illegal ly hurrying up Callender’s trial at tbe term of court when he was indicated. For conviction, 4; for acquittal, (20. Ar tide VII charged him with ‘descending from the dignity of a judge and stooping to tbe level of ail informer, by refusing to discharge a grand j.iry at New Castle, Del aware, because they did not indict a sedi tious printer. For conviction, 10; Jfor ac quittal, 24. Article VIII charged him with making a ‘highly itldeceut, intemper ate and inflammatory political harangue’ to a grand jury at Baltimore, attacking the legislation of Congress, and opposing certaiu reforms in the State Constitution in Maryland, thus prostituting the high, judi cial character with which he was invested, to the low purpose of an electioneering partisan.’ forconviction.lt); for acquittal, 15, A two-thirds vote of the Senators present not being given in support of any article of impeachment, Judge Chase was acquitted throughout. He held his seat on the Supreme bench during' the re maining six years of his life. The impeachment thougliout feel through in a legal point of view, yet had a result in checking that judicial arrogance, insolence and spirit of brow-beating which some magistrates displayed, or though the majesty of the law needed intellectual ruf fianism to support it. No judge, for tbe last sixty years, excepting two or three in fugitive slave law times, has ever dealt out political slang from the bench, or attempt-, ed to persecute opponents by his rul ing. 4. The last case of impeachment was that of James 11. Peck, Judge of the Uni ed States District Court of Missouri, in the winter of 1830-31. He was charged with ‘illegal, arbitrary and oppressive conduct’ in his office as a judge, towards one Luke E. Lawless, an attorney, by imprisoning his person and depriving him, for eigh teen months, es the practice of of Lis pro fession. Lawless had published a sharp criticism on Judge Peck’s decison in an important land case, in which lie (Lawless) was sounsel, and the pugnacious lawyer was dealt with as above for ‘contempt of court.’ The matter was brought before Congress as an unconstitutional interference with liberty of speech of the press. The House impeached Judge Peck, 123 to 49. After a wearisome six weeks trial, the Senate voted 21 for conviction, 22 for ac quittal. A visitor was contemplating Niagara Falls the other day, when a verdant look ing individual came up and asked him if he would please to tel! him the name of that river. REPUDIATION, REPUDIATED K, The Raleigh Standard says, we to-day, from the Wilson Carolinian , '» short but powerful lettter addressed by'-Jhe Hon. B. F. Moore to Richard Short,, tag, of Nash, ort the subject of repudiate. This letter is worthy of Mr. Moore’s and of his heart, as that of an honest i(»n, We lost all but honor as a people late struggle, and in the name of all is sacred let us preserve that. Wlile every indulgence and forbearanoe SbtAld be shown in the collection of debts’, flet us save our good old State at all liasjrds from tbe shame of repudiation. But i£ is popular,is it, to repudiate? Well ghat of it ? Popularity based on dUhaimst principles is not worth having. That is my judgment. Raleigh, Sept. 17, 1861 Mr. Richard Short : Dear Sir : —I have received years, asking my “opinion ,in a few welds, whether private debts can bo repudaasd, or not?” I am greatly surprised that it is deemed necessary to ask this question after a national existence of eighty years unjler the Constituton of the United Slates ,iine clause of which declares that “no Sjate shall pass any law impairing tbe obliga tion of contracts.” Now, every man is bound to supjibrt that Constitution, and every sentence of it. And every person, who may boe yno au officer of the State or a member of the Legislature, is compelled, as a uet#^-, ry qualification, before taking his sea| to swear that ho will suppoit said Constlqi tion, whioh he cannot do and will not ;Jo, if ho shall paßs,or try to pass, any la* im pairing the obligation of contracts. Hjfcfty law which annuls a contract or repudi&gf) it, impairs the obligation of a contract, iftiA is therefore unconstitutional and •JlUb Every man who votes for it comirrgs a perjury aud lifts liis hand against*. “- 5, majesty and honor of Lis country. ' Surely, sir, no man in our j would, if ha couhs/*r> fWwfibHF; j| his State, a» to invite ail their faith each with the other, ah fc / a stigma on the name of North Carolina, which no time can efface. God forbid that my eyes should ever behold this dis grace upop the “old North State.” Such a condition would place her lower than any peoplo of whom wo have any ac count. I have answered your question, and gone somewhat beyond—but my sur prise has been tbe cause. I am, respectfully, yours, B. F. MOORE. I’. S.—The Courts of the United States, and of every State, have declared such legislation void. Manufactures. —Let it Lo kept before the people that the way to save fifteen dollars on every five hundred pounds of cotton, is to manufacture cotton where it is grown ; and to manufacture cotton in South Carolina is to quadruple its value to the State. As the Charleston News in one of its able articlesjustly observes, the. cotton mill lias been the rncaus of build ing up the largest fortunes in the world. Old England and New England owe much of their great wealth to this cause, and what may not South Carolina— what may not Columbia with her magnifi cent water power *do in following the same pursuit. Georgia and A labatna are pushing forward in the good work. The Augusta (Geo.) factory has just declared its third quarterly dividend of five per cent. Let us not be behind hand. There is a grand opening here for capitalists, and he who comes first will enjoy the lion’s share. Our public spirited citizen Colonel L. D. Childs, has already led off iu the good work. The Saluda factory baa been rebuilt and will be in running order in less than two months with the best machinery that can be imported. A large number of hands will thus he employed, and from four to five bales of cotton per day be worked iUo tha finest yarn. Will not others follow.— South Carolinian. ne is one who will neither seek an in direct advantage by a spacious road, no r take an evil path to secure a really good purpose. Such a man were one for whom a woman ’a heart sheuld beat constantly while she breathes, and break, when he dies.— Scott Attorneys and Lawyers.—Sterne insin uates that attorneys are to lawyers what apothecaries are to physicians— ortly that they do not deal in scruples. Some of them are not averse to drachmsf\\owev er. A. BATHING SCENE IN SWITZERLAND. A corresponded of the New York Eve nigg Post thus describes the batliors at Lent a famous Swiss watering place : At five o’clock each morning a bell is rpng for the bathers to return to the bath, and then comes one of the most whimsical scenes that can be imagined. The baths are great covered reservoirs, capable of holding from twenty to fifty persons, and into these the patients plunge up to their necks in seething water, where they remain no less than four hours at a time, and ma ny of them twice a day. Men and women enter the same banks, swiming about at will, or fixing themselves behind;iittlo float ing tables,- on which they take breakfast, read hooks, or play games of dominoes, and chess. It is neccessarv to relieve the tedium of so long an ablution lo do some thing for amusement s sake, and the songs, tho speeches, the repartees, the choruses tbe roars of laughter, the Bhouts of ap plause that follow each other are endless. A.ll the resources of French vivacity are brought into play to pass the time, and tho effect of a half hundred he.ds, which is all you can see of the person, thus variously engaged, is to the last degree, droll. Why they are required to be kept so long in the WRter the doctors must tell you; but you can easily conceive that four hours’ immer sion for twenty-five days together must be completely efficacious to either kill or cure the sufferer. But as no one is- known to have beeu killed, and many are reported to have been, cured, the logical .supposition is that (lie good. A Hapft Womanw-Is she not- .the very.sparkle and sunshiue of life ? A wo man who is happy because she can’t help it, whose smiles even thp coldest sprinkle .of Miisfor.tufee cannot dampen? .Men iriiiksi • terrible mistake when &ey marry for beauty, for talent or style. The sweetest jfrives are those who possess the magic jMiality of being equtented under any cir- Rich or poor, high or lpjy ■Wjfe at at/ JmS'&shbwso ; ;iho bright little of joy bubbles up just as musi cally and purely in their hearts. Do they live in a log cabin, the fire that leaps up on its humble hearth becomes brighter than the splendid gilded chandeliers in Aladdin’s palace. When is the stream of life so dark and unpropitious that the sun shine of a happy smile falling on the tur bid tide will not awaken an answering gleani f Why, these joyous tempered people dou’t kuow half the good they do. You Can’t Catch It.—You can’t catch it, hoys and girls. You may be as fleet as the antelope, or you may fly as ou the wings of an eagle, yet you cannot overtake it. Cannot overtake what? Tho bad word which has passed your lips 1 It has fled to heaven, and wrote it self on tho Book of Gad. You can’t catch it. Tho wicked deed you performed 1 It soared to the judgment, and was stereo typed on tho memory of the Judge. Y’ou can’t catch it. The sinful thought you indulged ! Its image was caught by the light of God’s eye, and photographed on the roll 6f your history. You can’t catch it. Beware, then, O my children, what you think, what you do, what you say. A Few Words to Bovs.—lf you would lay the foundation of a gentlemanly character, boys, you will heed the follow ing advice; “You are to be kind, generous, and magnanimous,” says Horace Mann. “If there is a boy in school who has a club foot don’t let him know that you ever saw it. If there is a boy with ragged clothes don’t talk about rags in his hearing. If there is a lame boy assign him some part of the game which does not require much running. If there is a dull one, help him to get his lesson.’’ A True Man.—The man whom I call deserving the name is one whose thoughts aud exertions are for others rather than for himself—whose high purpose is to adopt just principles, and never abandon them while heaven or earth affords means of their accomplishment. A certain sign hoard has the following classical inscription :—‘All persons what are found fygbtcing or tresspussmg on this ground will be executed wid the utroos wigger of the lawr.’ A countryman, giving in his evidence at court, was ask by the counsel if lie was born in wedlock. “No, sir,” lie replied, “I was born in Schenectady.” THE WILLOW. The willow has ever beeu the emblem ofj constancy in grief—the memory that never dies, and the grief that is immortal. How beautifully is the charming conceit given in these sweet and tender liues? O Willow, why forever weep, As one who morns an endless wrong t What hidden woe ean lie so deep? What utter grief can last so long f The Spring makes haste with atep elate Your life and beauty to renew ; Site even bids tbe rose3 wait. And gives her first sweet care to you. Tbs welcome red-breast folds his wings To pour for you his freshest strain , To you the earliest bluebirds sing. Till all your light stems thrill again: The sparrow thrills liiswcddiDg song, And trusts his tender brood to' you, J Fair flowing vines the Summer long, ! With clasp and kiss, your beauty woo. The sunshiue drapes your limbs with light, The rain braids diamonds in your hair, The breeze makes love to you at night— Yet still you droop and still despair. Beneath your boughs at fall of dew, By lovers’ lips is softly told The tale that all the ages through Has kept the world from growing old. But still, though April's bude untold, Or summer sees the earth aleaf, Or autumn pranks your robes in gold, You sway aud sigh in graceful grief. • Mourn on forever, unconsoled, , And kee(?yoni’ secret, faithful tree! No heart in all the world can hold A sweeter (jjraeo than constancy. Boiling F9OD for Hogs. —At a meet ing of. the New. York Farmers' Club, Prof ■ Mapea makes tliA* following Vemarks iu re gard ttrb'orlinjj food for bogr: ‘The proof of tfi'e saving' of food by boilingliaabeen given here; we may as jgMjtvnfo wpM, watqb ma her in Cai'not-iii Ss'iX arisajifow, ciet.-he liked 4ft Ssep* bog pen built just back of liis shop, so that hex'ould sit at his window and watch his lldgs, Every spring L'e bought sofne pigs and SR** posite to Mr. Mason was the store of Mr. Van Arsedale, and every pound- of food that Mr. Mason gave to his pigs he bought at this store. At the end of six months he got his bill from Mr. Van Arsedalo and he always slaughtered his at the same time, so he knew exactly how much his pork cost. For several years it figured up at thirteen cents per pound. At leugth someone advised him to boil his corn. He accordingly got a large ket tle and cooked all the food which lie fed to his pigs. Then his pork cost him four-and a-balf cents per pound, we also hud the ex perience of Mr. Cambell, which was about the same as Mr. Mason’s. Henry Ellsworth made some extensive experiments iu the samo thing, aud his statement is that thirty pounds of raw corn makes as much pork as tliirtoon pounds of boilod com. Ladies who arc fond of Cultivating flow ers in the house, will find great benefit to the plants by spreading a coating of moss over the earth iri their flower pots. This keeps the water from evaporating, and the tem perature more uniform. Col. F. F. IVarley, member of the Legisla ture from Darlington, in a speech on saleday, declared, upon the best authority, that tbe ma jority of the Judges of the State are satisfied that the Statute of Limitations was effectually barred during the continuance of the Stay Law, and there was no violation of the Constitution thereby. A Washington dispatch says: The city is at present crowded with Southerners, and every day brings a number of freeh arrivals. A number of Southern ladies have also arrived. The tone of Washington society is becoming gradually Soutliernized. A statistical table, exhibiting tbe rates of in crease of tho population of the United States since 1800, the date of the last census is being prepared. In 1800 the populatiou of the Uni ted States was 31, 443,321, and it is calculated that at the present time it is fully 35,500,- 000. lruAi.r. Pmxte«s. —Tbe Macon Citizen is about to employ female compositors. The Field and Fireside is entirely set by young la dies. The Editor saya they belong to the best families in that State, who were ruined by the war. A number of girls are also empluyod on the Montgomery Advertiser. The Agricultural Departmeut have reports faom variots parts of the country, establishing the fact that, notwithstanding tbe receul heavy rains and early frosts, there will be the largest eoru crop ever produced in America. Samuel O. Doulhit has been elected Ordina ry, and Capt, A. C. Peace Tax Collector of Greenville Cislrict. 900 dead bodies were picked up in the streets of Babime, India, in one morning. Famine. j VOL. I.—NO. ‘2B. RELIEF TO DEBTORS. The following resolutions adopted at a public meeting in Greenville District on the 15 inet., we find published io the papers of that Dis trict, and other of our exchanges: 1. Resolved, That we do respectfully recom mend that the Legislature of this State be pe titioned, through our respective members, to call a Convention at an early day, to take into consideration the condition and wanta of the people, and, if practicable, to provide some ad equate and certain means of relief; and io rectify any imperfections which experience and a solemn second thought may show to-be wrong and unjust iu’.principle, and injurious to tho geueral welfare aud'good of all the citizens thereof. 2. Resolved, That we do further recommend that similar preliminary meetings be held iu this aud oilier Districts throughout this State, and that a general meeting, to carry into effect the foregoing objects, be bold at each Court House, ou the first Monday in November next. The resolutions are introduced by a pream ble, which affirming that the late Convention had emancipated slave properly, and had de prived debtors of the means of discharging their liabilities, and that the Legislature had “steadily and presistenlly" refused to grant any permanent and sure relief, urges the necessity of resorting to nnother tribunal. Here is an entire misrepresentation of the action of the late Convention, and the spirit and temper of the Legislature’ The Convention •<> far from abolishing slavery, studiously avoided the use of any expression which could be con strued into the endorsement of the act, and sim ply provided iu the new Constitution against its re-establishment. The Ist Section of the 9th article is as follows ; ; “The slaves in South Carolina, having been emanoipated by tbajicjlon of Jbc United Spates authorities, neither slavery or iitveluntary ser vitude except as a punishment for crime where of the party .ehall have been duly eonvicted shall ever be re-established in ibis State." •Again, so far from tlie Legislature “steadily and persistently refusing" to afford relief to the debtors of Die country, thre was manifestly an earnest desirtftm the part of all the mem bers at the let* Session, to afford any relief wit would beTtompatible with their Consti " " , ’ hi■igjtt.jpe.v.and finally to eflfect this v vrf t” 1 f&ffUme Os a law which in the opinion of .jUisr£:.oj(iAp,it.y was clearly uncon stitutional. ; *"*‘'*U Hut wliat hi (VopOsg-fte be dofle by a Otm *£ people, end in what re&pectwiW euch a convention' to moH Gumpirienfflto offset the objects proposed than ths legislature?— That it will be actuated by a bjjfficr desire t,o relieve the public distress is vet>y doubtful*- tliatit will be vested with no greaterj)pwcrisis very clear. A State Conventiou eqnally with a State Legislature is bound by that l cj*U66 of tho Constitution of the United States, tßddch prohibit any State from passing a “law pairing the obligation of contracts.” The- jeetion to ’ Bankrupt laws and Homestead' 'aws, and all| other laws passed by a State, so far as they relieve the property of the debtoF from existing obligations is, that they infringe upon this clause of the Constitution—a clause equally bindiug upon State and Federal offi cials, and protecting equally the rights of citi zens of the same and different States. i title Press. The Cotton Cuor.—The Agricultural Bu reau at Washington, in n recent report, gives an estimate of the probable crop of cotton for 1866. Tbe Commissioner prefaces his estimate with the statementthat it is too early yat to predict the result of the year with certainty, ns insect enemier may yet affect the crop, lie gives, however, estimates for each State, com puted from the reports of his agents in various counties. He thinks Alabama will produce 296,986 bales, Arkansas 146,957, Florida 21,717. Georgia 173,400, Louisiana 281,651, Mississippi 300,626, North Carolina 72,857, South Caroli na 70,282, Tennessee 296,464, aud Texas 172,- 575. Tlie total cotton crop, according to the estimate of the Bureau, will be 1,835,486 bale*. Tliis is larger than the majority of estimates. A special Washington dispatch to the Boston Journal states that treatica with the Imperial Government of Mexico have been agreed upon, and are now under process of exchange. The French troops and Maximilian withdraw this year from Mexico. The United States assumes the protectorate of the Republic, guaranteeing tbe French claims. In consideration, Mexico cedeß to the United States tbe peninsula of Lower Califoroia, and other territory south of our present southward boundary. Cotton — An exchange remarks that few per eons llnuk how much money even a Bhort crop of cotton will yield the South this year at pre sent prices. Estimating tbe crop at 1.500,000 bales, which is about it will be, at $l3O per bale, about a fair average price, tbe crop will produce $195 000,000 and yield the Govern ment a revenue of $22 000,000. Tins sum dis fused among the branches of trade and business, will greatly relieve the present dull, hard and stringent times. The cotton money will soou begin to circulate, we hope. James Stephens made a (patch at St. Louis recently, in which he declared ihet the battle for Irish independence would commence or Irish soil before New Year. The President has set apart Thursday tha 29th day of November next, “ae a day of thanksgiving and praise to Almighty God." Tbe Virginia nnd Tennessee Railroad Com pany have reduced the fare on their road from five to four cents per mile. Let their example be followed,