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[From the Augusta Constitutionalist.]
A PLEA FOUIICATIi
Tlio cause which should most engage
the hearts and minds of the people of
Georgia is the universal education of
her sons and daughters. The system
that shall educate the masses most effi
ciently is, beyond question, the problem
of the day. The power the widest dif
fusion of knowledge gives to a people is
well nigh universally acknowledged.
We may differ as to the best means of
attaining the desired end, but not as to
its importance. We arc, at last, aroused
to the necessity of evolving and perfect
ing some plan that shall give to all the
children of this great Commonwealth,
both white and colored, the benefits, at
least, of a common school education.
Much has been done, and much is being
done to effect this great result. Patient
thought, we hope, will evolve a thor
ough and comprehensive system ade
quate to the wants of the children of
Georgia, and the enlarged demands of
the times.
The second in importance only, if
second at all, is the most liberal culture
of the greatest number. Our State
University and our colleges claim a
very large place in our educational
plans. To provide annually the great
est number of thoroughly trained and
disciplined youth, and send them forth
with a culture commensurate with the
advanced state of knowledge in all its
departments, is a question demanding
the most serious thought, of our primary
assemblies, and the representatives ot
the people in their legislative halls.
Here, too, we believe that our people |
tire being aroused to the necessity of
devising large and liberal plans for a
more advanced and 1 iberal culture, and
bringing it within reach of the greatest
puss.hie number. To contribute some
thing to this end is the design of the pre
sent paper. The plan herein proposed,
whose outlines alone can be given, has
been submitted to a number of our lead
ing statesmen and educators, and by
iliein endorsed and commended. At
the earnest solicitation of those for whose
judgment the writer has the profound*
est respect, he has ventured to write out
an abstract of the plan and give it to
the public. It it result in awakening a
more earnest inquiry, and in evolving
sonic better plan, the writer will bo
amply rewarded for his efforts to ad
vnuce a cause very near his own heart.
It cannot be questioned that the great
est difficulty with which the advocates
of a more thorough and liberal culture
have had to contend, lias been the Con
flict between our State University and
the denominational colleges. These in
stitutions of learning have been main
tained, the former by appropriations
out of the common Treasury of the State,
the latter by the private liberality of
the respective denominations. To keep
up the former all the people have been
taxed ; to maintain the latter, heavy
demands have been made upon the lib
eral few, who have had not only,to sup
port their own colleges, but to foster,
by increased taxes, the creature of the
State.
This condition of things would surely
have been more cheerfully acquiesced
in and been more heartily approved by
the friends of denominational education,
if the State University had not, by its
curriculum presented itself in an atti
tude of rivalry. Hence the conflict-by
which both parties have been made to
suffer. The University lias been jeal
ously watched. Its plans of enlarged
usefulness have been defeated by com
binations of the friends of denomina
tional education. Ulibcrrl appropria
tions lirve been.tbe result. The Uni
versity has been compelled to hold on
to its curriculum, and thus continue to
be. the rival of the colleges. And hence
this foster child of n greet, Oommonwclth
has been disappointed and Rallied in her
efforts to restrict her work f.o the higher
and more liberal culture.
By James K. Frost. II
VOL. 111. i
Nor lias this conflict brought any
advantage to tho denominational col
leges, but much damage rather. It has
raised up enemies even in their own
ranks. For many of the best and most
intelligent of the respective denomina
tions have regarded the success of the
University more important than the
success of the denominational college.
It has multiplied enemies among those
without the pale ot the churches inter
ested. It has created against denomi
national education a feeling that would
not otherwise have existed. The in
tensity of this feeling is too apparent
in that article of the State Constitu
tion which forbids '.lie appropriation cf
money by the State to denominational
colleges. And thus, a din many other
ways, damage has resulted to both of the
parties to this conflict.
Such, in brief, is the situation ; such
the facts, the correctness of which nei
tlier of the parties will deny.
Now. these things ought not so to be
There should be no conflict between j
the friends of education. To harmon
ize these conflicting interests, to devise
some plan by which the work of the .
University and the colleges may be
made subservient to one another, and
tho cause of a more enlarged and liberal
culture bo advance, is the design of the
present article.
In the plan, whatever it be, it ;s mani
fest that neither the interests of the
University, nor of the colleges, should
be compromised. Unwise is that friend
to the denominational college who ;g
norcs the necessity of the University;
equally so the friend to the latter who
ignores the necessity of the former.
For this one thing may be regarded as
certain : both the University at and the
colleges must be maintained, and both
will be maintained. lie is no states
man who does not base his plans for
tii£ liberal education of our sons upon
this undeniable fact. For the friends
of the Uuiver-ity will never cease to
advocate claims which they consider
superior to all others. Equally sure
is it that the friends of the colleges
will hold on to their convictions. The
necessity for the colleges to them has
been demonstrated more and more with
increase of years. No argument —no
logic—no figures can convince them
ihat they are wrong. Never will they
consent to give up tho collegiate educa
tion of their'sons to institutions uncon
trolled by themselves. The intensity
of tl oir convictions on this subject is
unmistakably made manifest by t eir
willingness and readiness to contribute
largely to their own colleges, while
taxed, in common with the rest of their
follow-citizens, to support the University
at Athens. There are legislators who
may think the friends of denomination
al education unwise, and who do not
view its importance in the same light.
But., whether they do or not, he is un
fit to legislate for the wants of the
whole people who does not form his
plans with a proper regard to these con
victions of the friends of denomination
al education, for these friends are num
bered by thousands. They are men of
education, of property and of votes. —
They are influential and powerful fac
tors in the body politic —of sufficient
influence and power to cripple the Uni
versity,so long as an unequal and unjust
legislation makes appropriations to the
latter which arc denied to themselves,
and especially so long as the University
keeps up its attitude of rivalry. In
vain, to the friends of the colleges,
will be all disclaimers of rivalry
made by the friends of the University
For, so long as the regular college cur
riculum at Athens, whether in whole or
in its main features, is the same as that
of the denominational colleges, the Uni
versity is a rival of the colleges—a rival
supported, in great part, by the taxes
: which the friends of Emory, Mercer and
j Oglethorpe arc forced by law to pay
! into the Treasury of the State for the
I benefit of the University of the State.
“SAtsTIS POPULI LEX ESTO."
WAYNESBORO’, GA., SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 1873.
Regarding, therefore, the University
and the colleges as institutions which
must be maintained, we proceed to
elaborate a plan which if adopted,
[shall destroy nil rivalry, unite tlio
friends of both parties, and contribute
\ largely to the advanced culture of tho
| sons of our dear old State.
More than this. We hope to set
forth a plan that may be adopted by
all our people of all denominations, of
all classes, and of all colors —a plan
that shall enlarge and dignify the work
of tin State University, and place our
struggling colleges upon an enduring
basis, and that, too, without doing vio
lence to the clause in the State Consti
tution forbidding the appropriation of
money to denominational colleges. That
this restraining clause of the constitu
tion has been fully obliviated by the
present plan is the opinion of several
eminent lawyers and jurists to whom
it lias been submitted.
Tlio outlines of the plan are as fol
lows :
1. There shall be one great State
University, to which the denomination
al colleges shall be attached as parts of
the general plan.
2. The main seat of the University
shall be at Athens, under the Board of
Trustees of the University as at present
organized.
3. The college? shall be located re
spectively at Oxford, Atlanta and Ma
con, under the same Boards respective
ly as at present organized, no change
being made in their respective denomi
national features.
4. The undergraduate curriculum
shall be confined to the colleges, whose
right to confer degrees shall be confined
to the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
5. The University shall locate at
Athens an advanced school, with a cur
riculum embracing three years,to which
the graduates of colleges ot this State,
or any other State, or country, shall he
admitted on presentation of the degree
if A. 8., and all others not graduates,
who shall pass a satisfactory examina
tion on the studies of the college, or
their equivalents, to the graduates ot
which school shall be given the degree
of Master of Arts.
G. There shall beat Athens a school,
embracing two years for all who to with
pursue an advanced course of natural
science, to which only those shall be
admitted who have the qualifications
for the admission into the school of
Master of Arts. The degree in this
school shall be that of Bachelor of
Philosophy.
7. There shall be at Athens a nor
mal school for the special training and
education of teachers, the qualifications
for admiss on into which shall be the
same as in the schools above mentioned,
which school shall be a separate school,
or embraced in one, or both, of the
schools üboved named. The pupils in
this school shall bo educated free of
charge; they shall receive an appropri
ate degree on completion of the pre
scribed studies, and shall be firmly
bound,if their services are needed,to
teach at least aftergraduatiou, fouryears
in the common schools of tlio State, to
which graduates Commissioners of
Schools, supported by the State, shall
give the preference.
8. There shall bo schools of Agricul
ture, the Mechanical Arts, Surveying
and Engineering, and such other shool
or schools as the Board of Trustees
may eleet, either separate or embraced
in one or more of the schools already
named, as the wants of the University,
in the judgment of the Board of Trus
tees, may determine, the qualifications
for admission to which shall be a satis
factory examination on such studies .-is
may be subscribed by the Board, with
the advice of the Faculty. The grad
uates of this school or schools shall re
ceive an appropriate degree.
9. There shall be a school of law, the
qualificatons for admission same as in
the school of Miste, of Arts. The
graduates shall receive the degree of
Bachelor of Laws.
10. There shall be a school of Med
icine, qualifications same as above, the
degree being that of Doctor of Medi
cine.
11. The above shall be the regular
University Degrees, and shall be con
ferred by the Board of Trustees, on
recommendation of tlio Faculty.
12. The Honorary Degrees, such as
Doctor of Theology, and Doctor of
Laws, shall [be confern and only by a
Board, to be called The Hoard of Fellows,
which Board shall consist of the Chan
cellor at Athens, the Presidents of the
Colleges, and at least three others, se
lected by the Chancellor and Presidents,
for their literary, scientific and liberal
13. There shall bo an appropriation
of five hundred thousand dollars to the
University by the State, for the proper
buildings at Athens, for libraries, ap
paratus and appointments necessary to
carry out this plan ; the arranging and
perfecting of which, and the paying out
of all sums under this appropriation,-
shall be vested in a Board, consisting
of theßoard of Trustees and the Facul
ty, at Athens, which joint Board may
delegate their authority to a subordinate
Board, made up ot representatives
from the Board of Trust and the Fuel
o-
il. There shall be an annual appro
priation of one hundred thousand dol
lars to the University, by the State, to
pay the salaries of tho Professors at
Athens, to meet, the current and contin
gent expenses, the price of tuition in
toe several schools, except the normal
schools, being sucli as, together with
this appropriation, and all present en
dowments, or vested funds, shall meet
the required demands, and leave a sur
plus of ten thousand dollars per annum
tobcappilied to repairs, improvements,
libraries, apparatus, or any other neces
sary outlay.
15. There shall be an appropriation
of one hundred thousand dollars by the
State to the University for each of its
colleges at Oxford, at Macon and at At
lanta, tobcapplied to necessary buildings,
apparatus,fixtures,&c..the planning and
perfection of which, and the paying out
of money under this appropriation, to
bejvcstod in a Board for each of the
colleges, consisting of the respective
Boards of Trust and their respective
Faculties, or of a subordinate Boyd,
made up of representatives from tho
Boards of Trust and tho Faculties re
spectivcly.
10. There shall be an annual appro
priation by the State to the University
for the Joenflt of each of its above men
tioned colleges, of ten thousand dollars,
to bo applied to ttie professors’ salaries
in the respective colleges, to necessary
and contingent expenses, the price of
tuition being in each ns near as possible
the same, and such a sum per annum,
as, together with this appropriation and
other endowments or vested funds, shall
meet the wants of the colleges respect
ively. and leave the sum of two thous
and dollars per annum to be applied to
repairs of all kinds, additions to libra
ries, apparatus, or to any necessary out
lay.
17. Tho above-mentioned colleges,
namely, Emory, at Oxford ; M< rcer, at
Macon; and Oglethorpe, at Atlanta,
shall be considered as part of this plan
and entitled to its benefits when their
respective Boards shall have subscribed |
to this plan, and shall have consented j
to have their charters so altered as to
be conformed to it.
18. This plan shall not. be a law of
the State until adopted by the Board at j
Athens and the Boards of tho respec- 1
tivo colleges, and not until the friends !
of the University as now organized and
the friends of the colleges shall have
raised respectively by private and vol
untary contributions, in addition to
their present endowments,at least 81(10-;
000 for Athens, tho same for Emory,
the same for Mercer, and the same for
Oglethorpe, which sums shall be raised
II $2 a year, in advance.
: by blank day of blank year, and which
shall be expended or vested for the in*
terests of the University and the col
leges respectively, ns their Hoard of
} Trust, assisted by their Faculties, shall
! have respectively determined.
19 Other denominations may share
in the benfits of this plan, and be adop
ted as parts of the University:
Ist. When they shall have organized
colleges, with buildings and outfits
worth at least $50,000, and shall have
paid for the same, the value of the
buildings, and the payment of all debts
to be considered and passed upon by a
committee recommended by the Board
of Trustees of Athens, and approved
and appointed by the Governor of the
State.
2d When each denomination, apply
ing to be admitted as posts of this plan,
shall in addition to the above mention
ed fifty thousand dollars, have raised
in cash the sum of one hundred thous
and dollars, the raising of which sum
shall be approved and passed upon by
the Board appointed as above, —which
said sum shall be applied to such col
lege to be established, as its Board of
Trust and Faculty may determine.
20. All agricultural schools endowed
dr supported by the sale of public lands
donated by the United States, shall be
adopted into this plan, and bo made a
part of the State University.
21. All other institutions, not de
nominational in their character, may be
taken into this plan and share its ben
efits, when they shall have complied
witli like conditions to those expressed
in article 19 of this paper.
22. The curriculum of the colleges
shall be determined by a Board, consis
ting of the Faculty at Athens and the
Faculties of the several colleges,the cur
riculum of the colleges to be altered
or amended otily so far as the more ad
vanced studies of art and science may
be concerned,no power herein conferred
to be construed as giving to the herein
mentioned Board any right to change,
alter or disallow any text-book which
the Faculties of the respective colleges
may think best to promote the moral
and the religious interests of the youth
committed to their charge, the curric
ulum of the several colleges and the
text books always being the same, un
less modified by the restraining clause
above written, the terms for study and
the vacations being also the same, in
the several colleges.
23. These colleges end the schools of
the University shall he exclusively for
the white children of the State.
24. The State shall assist, as the de
mands of the colored children of the
State may require, in perfecting a uni
versity system for them, with its appro
priate schools and colleges, that they
may have the benefit of the greatest
possible culture suited to their wants
and to their circumstances, it beim
the purpose of the State,herein pledged,
to give to the colored children, at the
earliest day possible, advantages simi
lar to those conferred on the children of
the whites.
Such is an outline of the more im
portant features of the plan proposed.
The writer, in a single article, cannot
give the reasons for each particular
item, and the arguments by which each
is sustained. These are obvious to all
thinking minds, and need not bo presen
ted in detail. But, for the benefit of
the general reader, the following points
may be stated r
Ist. The University at Athens, even
as now organized, is a State necessity.
2d. The denominational colleges are
fixed facts, and cannot bo surrendered
by their friends.
3d. The former is supported by the
State; the latter by tho private iiber
ality of those who are equally taxed to
keep up the former.
4th. There ha been a conflict of in
terest, the State University having been
forced into a position of rivalry.
sth. This has given to tho Universi
ty au immense advantage over the col
leges, compelling them, thereby,to wage
an unequal conflict.
Oth. It is unwise and suicidal to pro
tract a conflict which has resulted in
groat damages to the parties engaged
in it.
7ib. Unity in design, and harmony
in execution, on the part of the friends
of education, are vitallay essential to
foster and develop the higher culture
demand oj by the times.
Bth. This higher culture cannot be
acquired in an institution fettered by
a curriculum, embracing the more ele
mentary studies taught in the college
proper.
Oth. Tho more elementary studies
ought to bo confined to the colleges,
the more advanced studies, such, for
instance, as the higher mathematics, j
RULES FOR LEGAL ADVERTISING
Nubs of land, etc., by Administrators, Executors,
or Guardians arc required by lair to lit■ held an the
.first Tuesday in the month, between the hours qf ten
in the forenoon anil three in the itflrrmion, at the
court-house in the county in u-hich the jirofirrty it
situated. Notices of these tales mutt be girrn in a
public gazelle in the county where the loud Hts.yf
there he any. Noticesfor Ike stile if personal property
must be given in like manner ten day* previous to
sale day. Notices to Debtors and Crrdilor* of an
relate must be publishedforty days. Notice that ap
plication trill be made to the Court of Ordinary for
I leave to sett land, etc., must hr published oner a irrrk
I for four creeks. Citations for Letters of Adminxs-
I trc.tion, (iuardianthip, etc., must he published thirty
! days, For dismission from Administration and Et
! ecutor/thip, three months- dismission from Guard
' ianship, forty days. liulrs for Foreclosure qf Mort
gage must be published monthly for four months.
Fur establishing lost papers, for the full spaes qf
there months. For compelling titles from Adminis
trators or Executors, where bond has been given by
deceased, three months. Application for I/one-stead
must hr published twice [Publications will ways
Mjcontinued according to these requirements unless
otherwise ordered ] B-tT" One inch, or about eighty
words, is a square; frarlions counted us full squarsS
INO. 19.
being taken from them that, in the
comparatively elementary branches,they
may bo more direct aid thorough.
10th. Thfrcurriculum of the college
should be a foundation for aa introduc
tion to the high schools of the Universi
ty —the curriculum of our colleges be
ing now far too crowded—an evil which
can be remedied if they continue ns they
are,only by extending the college course
two years longer, or by requiring for
admission into the freshman, what is
now required for admission in the ju
nior class. In this direction the col
leges arc moving. To its necessity
they are being aroused. Old Harvard,
we have seen it stated, is taken, or is
about to take the load in this impera
tive advance, by requiring for admission
into the freshman class, what she before
demanded for admission into tbe ju
nior.
11 tli. Perfection, in any department
of study, cau only be acquired by sepa
rate schools—hence the necessity for
these schools in the University, and
the wisdom in giving to them aione
the right to confer the appropriate de
gree. .
12th. Confining the right of the col
leges to confer degrees to the single
degree of Batchelor of Arts, and giv
ing tbe special degree to the schools of
the University, enhances the merit of
such degrees one hundred fold.
13th. The same is true of confining
tbe honorary degrees to tbe Board of
Fellows, composed of learned gentle
men, who, by their literary and scien
tific attainments, are best qualified to
sit in judgment on such cases.
14th. Confining the colleges to the
comparatively elementary studies, and
giving to the schools at Athens tbe
more advenoed and special studies,secu
res that division of labor so essential to
success, —the schools and the colleges to
gether forming the University proper,
each distiuet and separate,each doing Us
own appropriate and untrammelcd work,
but performing it better because dis
tinct and separate ; and yet the two
combined making a unit in one compre
hensive and all embracing plan.
15th. Adopting the colleges into this
general University scheme; making them
component parts of tbe University; and
allowing them to retain their denomina
tional convictions, utilize and makes
available valuable machinery already
in operation, unites tbe friends of the
college? and tbe friends of the State
University; does no violence to the
opinions and convictions of those here
tofore in conflict; and obviates an un
wise and unjust discrimination against
one of the parties.
16th. The cheapening of education in
the schools and colleges, so as to bring
down its price to the actual cost, is a
right which the State ought to secure
to her indigent sons who feel the need
of the most thorough culture.
17th. Requiring a Diploma from the
colleges, or a satisfactory examination
on the studies persued in the college,
for admission into certain schools of
the University, not only is a positive
benefit to the colleges, but greatly raises
the standard of professional education
and multiplies the number of learned
young men in the professions.
18th. Fixing the curriculum by the
joiut Board named, is greatly condu
cive to that progressive development
herein sought, and so much to be do
sired.
19th. Requiring certain sums to bo
contributed by private liberality to the
University and the colleges, before this
plan be adopted, multiplies the friends
of education, develops the liberality of
the people, and invites to more enlarged
and generous endowments in the
future.
20n. The plan herein proposed and
outlined contemplates the improvement
of all the sons of the State—a united,
harmonious at and concentrated effort iu
the noble work of education—tho de->
vciopement and perfection of a system
which shall place Georgia in advance
of all the educational enterprises of the
day.
These suggestions are presented for
amendment, for development and for
perfection. The writer has not the
vanity to believe that the details will
all be approved. Nor does he believo
that they are the wisest that can be
desired. But. he does believe that the
general plan may be safely .dopted,
Sustained by a single purpose to do
good, and moved by sioere friendship
to the University at Athens, and to
our denominational colleges, the writer
gives this plan to the public, praying
| the blesings of Almighty God upon all
! institutions of learning, bothlmale and fe
male, both white and colored, and upon
the educational interests of his beloved
native State. Gkoroia.