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The Greoreia ‘Weekly Tel©eraT>li and. Journal & Messenger.
Telegraph and Messenger.
MACON, 1IAB0H 15 1870.
Gold end Cotton Down.
No Panic !
Gold and ootton took another tumble jester.
d*y In New York. The lost gold quotation at
the morning board was 111}. Cotton also fell
toSlf-
The decline in cotton has been so steady that
there may be danger of a panio among produc
ers and holders. We have been informed that
in New York some calculations of profit are
based on the probability that the descending
quotations will, in a short time, frighten hold
ers, and drive them into market consentaneously
to avoid heavy losses, and in this way produce
a oollapse. We hope nothing of this kind will
take place. Cotton has fallen in the Macon
market three and a half cents since 8th Febru
ary last, and three and five-eighths in the New
York market, and gold which was then 120$ is
8$ cents less to-day. A gold transaction in cot
ton, at this time, compared with one a month
ago, would show but a moderate decline. While,
therefore, it is not perhaps worth while to hold
ootton on the probabilities of any important
advance,holders should avoid rushing into mar
ket in terror of ruinous loss.
The Fifteenth Amendment.—“Wallace,” un
der date of March 4 th, telegraphs the Richmond
Dispatch that the question of issuing the Fif
teenth Amendment proclamation was discussed
at the Cabinet session that day, and the course
to be pursued decided upon.
Secretary Fish stated that there were twenty-
seven States officially certified as having adopted
the amendment besides New York and Indiana.
Some slight informalities in some of the certifi
cates of these twenty-seven were in process of
arrangement. He read the seventh section of
the reconstruction acts, passed April 10th,
18C7, as follows “That the proceedings in any
of said States shall not be deemed final or oper
ate as a complete restoration thereof until their
actions respectively shall be approved by Con
gress.” He argued that Texas and Georgia
could not be counted until Congress approved
their acts and admitted them as States. He
stated that the certificate from Texas had not
been received.
The President stated that he would not issue
the proclamation until Texas or Georgia was
admitted, so the twenty-eight States would be
named without counting New York or Indiana.
Woman Suffrage.—The Daily Tribune teems
with articles upon the subject, pro and con,
from female writers, who show that they lack
neither point, breath nor comprehension. “Lu-
cretia” writes that she, at least, has no fears
about the failure of the Sixteenth Amendment,
or that the Legislators can ever be induced to
force the ballot upon an unwilling majority.
She is sharp upon tho woman lecturers, and
says:
Their consistency is charming! I have seen
a young woman with a waspish waist, a huge
waterfall, surmounted by the jauntiest of hats,
enter a hall dragging an immense quantity of
dry goods behind her very high heels, and har
angue her audience upon their subservience to
fashion 1 We have frequent public opportuni
ties of seeing some of the oldest as well as the
youngest, exhibit in their own persons the very
follies they denounce.
New York Dry Goods market.
A. T. Stewart and Co’s Circular of the 5th
quotes prints and sheetings as follows:
Granite 74; Arnolds 8$; Lancaster 11$; Ori
ental 11$; Hamilton 12;Pacific 12; American 11$;
Gloster 11$; Simpson’s black and white II;
Simpson’s black and grey 11$; Donnell's 12; Al
bion solids 11$; Cocheco 12$; Oriental shirtings
11; Simpson’s anchor shirtings 11$.
Tho quotations for 4-4 give New York Mills
at 24; Wamsutta 21$; Toscarora 19; Masonville
16; Hope 14$; Globe A. 10$; Attawangan 15$;
Rosebnd 16; Utica 22; Lonsdale 17; Winona 20;
and so on.
It will be seen the quotations in some cases
are higher.
Georgia State medical Association.
We are reminded that thi3 body will meet in
Macon on the 2d Wednesday in April. We under
stand that all the railroads leading to this point
have determined to pass delegates for one fare,
and we hope the State will be healthy enough
to allow a full attendance. We are sure our
citizens will give these gentlemen a hearty wel
come, and extend to them, while here, that re
fined and generous hospitality for which Macon
is so renowned.
The Louisville municipal election, on Satur
day, resulted in the choice of John G. Baxter,
Democrat, for Mayor, by 580 majority over J.
T. Bnnce, Democrat. Last yeat Bonce defeated
Baxter. New men generally were elected to
the council. Paul, the present chief engineer
was overwhelmingly beaten by George W.
Levi.
The Missing Steamship.—Hope for the safety
of the missing steamer, City of Boston, is
fading out. The English insurance companies
now decline to take farther risks npon her, and
ahe appears to be given np also in Halifax, to
which place the steamer Druid turned on
Friday, after an nnsnccessful cruise in search
of her. She has now been ont from New York
forty-two days.
The Emperor Alexander, of Rnssia, has sent
communications by telegraph to tho government
authorities at Washington and Pekin, express
ing his profound sorrow for the affliction both
nations must bear in the death of Auson Burlin
game. The Empress has written a tender and
consoling letter to Mrs. Burlingame.
The Geobgia Legislature.—An Atlanta cor
respondent writes ns that Gov. Bnllock will re
convene the Georgia Legislature (so-called)—
more properly the Congressional Agency, imme
diately npon the passage of Butler’s bilL Then
look oar for thnnder squalls. “Wake snakes
and walk your chalks.”
Pop* on Woman’s Rights.—That crabbed,
aallow-faced old dogmatist, says:
“Woman is bom to dignify retreat;
In shade to flonrisb, and unseen be great.
Fearful of fame, unwilling to be known,
Should seek but God’s applauses and her own."
The Southebn Cultivator camo to hand yes
terday, and we will look it over and notice it
when we have more leisure.
Also, the Baltimore American Farmer for
March.
An attempt—partially snccessfnl—was made
on the night of the 1st instant, to bum the town
of Camden, Wilcox county, Alabama. Fire
broke ont in three separate places about the
same hour, and eight business houses were
burned.
Repeal of the Test Oath.—Senator Robert
son, from the Committee on Disabilities, re
ported on Friday favorably Senator Ferry’s bill
to repeal tbo Test Oath act of July 2, 18C2 and
it is believed the bill will soon be passed by
both Houses. It relieves all persons of disabili
ties exoopt those disqualified under the Four
teenth Amendment.
The Pbcclamaiton.—Tho Proclamation an
nouncing the adoption of tha'Fifteenth Amend-
msnt is to be delayed until the admission of
Texas and Georgia.
A Dull Speech and a Dull Subject.—The
World says Butler made a dull speech on
Georgia Reconstruction. It was after dinner.
Another Bald in Prospect.
There aeema to be quite a crop of circulars
announcing the establishment of Radical weak-
lies springing up, here and there, throughout the
State.
We suppose the fertilizing matter that foroes
this crop comes from Atlanta. Bullock, des
pairing of bribing honest men who control pa
pers of circulation and infiuenoe with his proc
lamation printing, has oome to the conclusion
that he most build np the necessary newspaper
support, “from the ground,” as the saying is.
These little handbills and Bmut machines are
to stand up to him through thiok and thin, and
as the whites won’t read them and the ne
groes can’t, must be propped up by pap from
the publio treasury. If he succeeds in his
scheme of keeping the Agency in power two
years longer, he will make that crowd pass a law
to force county officers to do their advertising
in these handbills aforesaid. It will make no
difference, of course, that the people of the
country do not, and will not subscribe to them.
That is immaterial. The treasury will be plun
dered, and Bullock have his organs to lie, and
slander, and stir strife and blood-shed that he
and his wretched co-oonspiritors may keep the
Northern heart fired against Georgia.
We wonder if the man knows tho result of a
similar experiment in Tennessee. While
Brownlcw ruled by law, all the legal print
ing of the State wa3 thrown into the hands
of Radical papers; every cross-road, almost,
had its newspaper—all “loyal,” of course,
The people were swindled right and left
by these Radical editors and printers for a
while, but in 18G9 the anti-Radical deluge came;
and the “loyal organs” went twining with the
woodbine, and have not come baek yet. That
will be their fate in Georgia as sure as Bollock
tries the experiment. If he wishes further in
formation on the subject we advise him to apply
to Brownlow. We tell Bullock and his agency
that this cock won’t fight in Georgia. Set that
down as a hard fact. It will cost more money
even than he can spare from other projects,
and end at last in defeat and disgrace.
There is but one rule about this matter of
public printing, and that is determined by
proof of bona fide circulation. The paper that
it read and paid for—not gratuitously thrust by
a publisher upon the people of a county, who
neither want nor will pay for it—is the paper
that should have the pnblic printing for that
county. The object of such notices is to bring
their subject matter before tbe largest number
of those interested—that, and nothing more.
When this rule is violated the object of the no
tice is plainly and inexcusably defeated.
If the Agency wish to serve newspapers and
advertisers both, and do justice to all parties,
let them enact that all legal advertisements be
given to that paper having tho largest bona fide
circulation in the connty or counties interested.
Snch a law as that cannot bo objected to on any
reasonable ground. It works no injustice to
anybody, and thoroughly serves the purpose of
all such advertising, viz.: To have it read by
the greatest number of people of the connty.
That’s tho whole thing in a nutshell. It is
rather too much to hope for such a sensible law
from partisans, but if they do meddle with tho
matter at all, let it be on the side of right and
reason.
Grant not to be Re-Nominated.
The New York Sun, (Rad.) says: “We do
not misinterpret the public judgment when we
say that no man ever chosen to tho Presidential
office stood so low at the close of the first year
of his term, in the estimation of the leading
minds of his party, as Gen. Grant does.
The natural result of this all but unanimous
verdict of leading Republicans is, that not one
of them, except he be a recipient of tho Presi
dential bounty, contemplates tho renomination
of Gen. Grant—a judgment never before en
tered np against any regularly elected President
at the close of his first year in office.”
‘‘William Edwards, of Georgia.”
Under this head, tho Washington correspon
dent of the Tribnne, of Saturday, gives the re
sult of tho examination by tho Honse Military
Committee into the bnsines3 of soiling cadet
ships so far as it concerns tho above named
party. Says the correspondent:
William Edwards, a member of tho Fortieth
Congress from Georgia, gave his appointment
to tho Naval Academy, signed by him with tho
name of tho appointee left blank, to Ethan A.
Sawyer of Georgia to sell. Both were in Wash
ington at tho time. Sawyer sold it for §GOO to
two fellows named BirdsallandMaOarthy, claim
agents in Washington, and they filled tho blank
with whatever name they pleased. Edwards,
when tho trade was reported to him, got angry
and told Sawyer that ho had been cheated—that
tbe appointment was worth §1,200 or §1,500.
Edwards demanded §500 of the money, bnt
Sawyer gave him but §350, to enable him to pay
his hotel bill and get homo. Afterward Ed
wards drew on Sawyer for §100, bnt ho refused
to pay the draft. Mr. Edwards ho3 mode no
defense before the Committee.
Reconstruction of Tennessee.
The press dispatches announce that the Re
construction Committee have decided that Con
gress has power to reconstruct the State of
Tennessee. That is a step farther in the line
Congressional usurpation. The excuse in the
case of Georgia was that the work of Recon-
tion had not been finally perfected by the ad
mission of her Senators; and the excuses for
future interference with all the Southern recon
structed States will be that such were the
conditions under which they were admitted into
tho Union. But none of theso pretences can
apply to Tennessee; and the declaration that
Congress has the right to turn her out of tbo
Union for remodelling, are as valid in respect
to any other State as in relation to Tennessee.
This is, in all probability, a movement to pave
the way for the reconstruction of Kentucky, Ma
ryland, Delaware, New Jersey, New York or any
other State which dares to support the Demo
cratic ticket.
Yes, Indeed.
A Western Radical editor gets off the follow
ing, which he doubtless considers a superlative
ly fine illustration of killing irony:
“The surrender of E. M. Yorger, ths assas
sin of CoL Crane, of Mississippi, to the civil
authorities of that State, for trial beforo the
ordinary courts, will perhaps be claimed as a
‘great Democratic gain.’ ”
We answer with the above caption. It is, un
doubtedly, a Democratic gain. Whatever is a
gain for the rightfnl, bnt much abused liberty
of American freemen, is a gain of that kind.
It is a gain of civil law and civil justice, over
bayonet law, and arbitrary, and too often blind,
merciless, brutal power.
This Radical sneerer, unconsciously has dig
nified his columns, and astonished his readers
with the enunciation of a grand and glorious
truth. Let him try again.
Pabtial Resumption. — Some of the New
Fork drinking.saloons are giving change in sil-
Their profits will be fair.
Afraid to Trnst Rim.
A good story is told of the eminently pions
ex-cobbler, Wilson, of Massachusetts. When
Revels, tbe Mississippi negro, was admitted to
his seat, Wilson proposed, by w;ay of a joke, to
Thurman, of Ohio, to seat him (Revels) on the
Democratic side of the Senate, alleging, as a
reason, that the Radical side was full. .He ex
pected, of course, that Thurman would indig
nantly objeot; but he didn’t. “All right,” said
he, “put him hero by me, and in less than a
week he will be thoroughly converted, and will
vote with the Democrats on all questions that
oomo np.” Wilson got scared, Revels wasn’t
trusted in snob a dangerous neighborhood, and
a seat was finally found for him between Wilson
and Carpenter.
Alack, Tennessee!
Butler, in his tirade upon Georgia, in the
House, on Friday, warmed himself up on Ten
nessee. He said:
The State of Tennessee, for instance, believ
ing herself beyond the power of Congress, had
proceeded to abrogate every law and every con
stitutional provision on which she was admit
ted to representation. If the judgment of the
Honse went with his own, he proposed to. ex
hibit also to Tennessee the power of Congress
against wrong and rapine and murder. The
Governor of Tennessee had sent a message to
the Legislature stating that he was utterly pow
erless to protect the citizens of Tennessee
against organized bands of robbers and murder
ers ; bnt the Legislature had adjourned without
providing any suoh means. Hundreds of men
were being murdered weekly in Tennessee, and
there was no redress. He proposed to bring
the condition of that State, very soon, to the
attention of the Honse and the country. _
Mr. Hawkins, (rep.) of Tenn., inquired of
Mr. Butler where those murders were commit
ted.
Mr. Butler—In Tennessee.
Mr. Hawkins—Whereabouts?
Mr. Butler—All over the State. Like the
man with the smaU-pox, they break out all over.
(Laughter.)
Mr. Hawkins—I have never heard of such
things.
Mr. Butler—None so deaf as those who will
not hear. I have the presentments of two
Grand Juries in that State, saying that they are
utterly powerless against the bands of organized
rnfiians there, and we ought to deal with Geor
gia so as to demonstrate to the world that we
have not abrogated and abnegated the power of
Congress to deal with men, wherever they may
be, under whatever sort of State obligations,
who render the life and liberty of the citizens
of tho United States unsafe. Ha gave notice
that he wonld offer an amendment to the
bill providing that the power granted by
the Constitution of the State of Georgia to the
General Assembly to change tho time of holding
elections and to prescribe the day for tbe meet
ing of the General Assembly shall not be so ex
orcised as to postpone tbe election of mem*
bers of the next General Assembly beyond the
Tuesday after the first Monday in February,
1872. He explained that the object of the
amendment was to give tho loyal men who
had been elected to the first State Legislature
their full two years of legislative service.—
Ho would treat the negroes who had been turn
ed out of tho Georgia Legislature precisely ns
he would have treated the loyal Legislature iu
18GI, if there had been one, who had been
turned out by tho rebels; that is, he would re
store them to their positions and keep them
there for their full time.
Aware of her danger, Tennessee has moved
with the utmost possible caution. Her Consti
tutional Convention, fortunately a smi.ll body,
composed of the most experienced, well in
formed and prudent public men of that Stato,
seemed to have been eminently successful in
avoiding every ground for exception which tho
arrogant and tyrannical majority in Congress
conld possibly take; but wo see it all amounts
to nothing. Butler declares “she has abrogated
every Constitutional provision on which she was
admittod to the Union,” and ho shall propose
to mako her an illustration of tho power of
Congress against wrong, rapine and murder!
and he then proceeds with a wholesale denun
ciation of her social condition, which is so
glaringly false as to be simply incredible.
The troth is, that the party in Congress of
which Butler is the exponent, recognize tho ex
istence of political opposition as a ground for
reconstruction. They mean to extinguish the
Democratic party in the South by act of Con
gress, and propose to punish and worry the peo
ple into voting the radical ticket, by recon
structing them as often as they vote the other
way. Mississippi, Texas, Virginia and Alabama
they have reconstructed on these principles.
The whole of tho delay and palaver about Vir
ginia arose, all know, really upon the question
whether sbo would stay radical as reconstruct
ed. Tennessee is in trouble simply because,
although she elected a radical Governor, she is
likely hereafter to vote democratic. The sum
and substance of it all is, that under tbe cry of
universal suffrage, the desperate plotters are
determined to destroy suffrage unless they can
control it for their own purposes.
Gnashing of TcctSi. and Snatching of
Hair.
Our information from Atlanta is to tho effect
that the passage of Batter's bill, with Bingham’s
amendment, kicked np a most tremendous bob
bery among tho faithful. Some of them swore
the dispatch was a Kn-KIax forgery, and others
declared that it had not been received at all.
Arcrand tho Opera House the crowd muster
ed strong, and suoh cursing and groaning,
such pulling of wool and rolling of eyeballs was
scarcely ever seen.
The general impression was that Bullock &
Co. were everlastingly smashed—laid out cold
as a wedge, though of course this was “inside”
talk. A good many members of the Agency who
resides in Atlanta, were almost fit to burst with
regret that they had not realized more ont of
their places, and swore they would make np for
it while the snn did shine. The prospect of
having to go to work after November next, was
terrible both to white and black loafers, and
they filled bar-rooms and cake shops with their
lamentations.
Altogether, the occasion was not by any moans
a joyful one to the interesting crowd at Atlanta
who condescend to help empty the Treasury.
We are informed that tho excitement was so
great the two organs thore, in the confusion, ac
tually spaced ont a batch of proclamation print
ing to double its present “‘richness.” One can
judge from this circumstance how tho nows
must have fluttered tho “ring.”.
The SonlL Carolina Legislature.
The following classification of this distin
guished body, which we find in tho Columbia
correspondence of the Charleston News, is in
teresting :
Tho General Assembly is composed of one
hundred and fifty-three members—thirty sena
tors snd one hundred and twenty-three repre T
sentatives. Of this number seventy-oue are
white, forty-four black, and thirty-eight of
mixed blood. Twenty-one are Democrats, (all
of whom are white,) and one hundred and
tuirty-two Republicans.
That is eighty-two negroes to seventy-one
whites. We have called it a “distinguished”
body, and there is certainly no parliamentary
body in the whole world which has gained so
much distinction. The Radicals throughout
the “nation" jostly point to it, as embodying
the most complete triumph and realization of
their cherished ideas, and yet, nevertheless and
notwithstanding, it enjoys an ‘unconstitutional
distinction, for it is a “distinction on accountof
color and raco,” which everybody knows is
“agin tho Amendment,’’and contrary to the civil
rights bilL We commend this view of the sub
ject to tbe U. S. Grand Jnrors. Should not
that illegal distinction be abolished?
ijaiiiMiyistaiiiriiai
An Enterprising Firm.
While in Augusta, a few days since, wo call
ed to seo our friends Dr. Wm. H. Tntt and
Land, one of the principal drag houses of that
city and the State. These gentlemen are, as
are many of onr Georgia houses, engaged
largely in tho manufacture of specialties. For
the manufacture of their pills, oelebrated for
cure of fover and ague, they have a machine
which will make one thousand pills per minute.
They are also selling quite largely of their
Golden Eagle Bitters, though they have not
been much advertised. If they go so readily
on their merits, they will have to look cut when
they are placed constantly before the publio by
the newspapers. We wish them great suc
cess. . Dr. Tutt finds time, however, to deyoto
to tho great Fair which Is expected to come off
in November next in Angusta. He is President
of tbe Association.
The Georgia PreM.
Mrs. Hernandez, well known in Savannah
theatrical circles, who was Bhot by her husband
a few weeks ago, died last week in Illinois.
Judge Alexander, of the Southern Circuit,
will hold oourt this mouth in Wilcox, Berrien,
and Irwin counties. •
A train ran through from Charleston to Sa
vannah on the Charleston and Savannah Rail
road, Sunday.
Business was very brisk in Savannah, on Sat
urday, the News says. The prevailing fair winds
brought in a number of coastwise sails, mostly
laden with guano, which business has assumed
immense proportions in this port.
Henry Hyman’s grocery store, in Savannah,
was Batlerized to the tune of §700 worth of
goods, on Friday night.
Capt. A. F. Butler, late agent of the Central
Railroad, at Augusta, has accepted tho Savan
nah agency of the Charleston and Savannah R.
R.
Nine thousand three hundred and twenty-five
pieces of pitch pine timber, measuring 860,G47
feet, and valued at $18,133,82. were shipped
from Savannah,' on Sunday.
The Savannah News speaks of those pestil
ent little nuisances, “slingers,” as follows r
We endorse every word of its advice to parents
and police
Dangerous Playthings. — Notwithstanding
the orders of the Chief of Police, the use of
■‘slingers” Btiil continues, and from time to time
we hear of accidents or very narrow escapes,
from these dangerous playthings. On Saturday
we were witness to the damage done by two
ballets thrown by one of them, and with an ac
curacy which showod that they were fired with
an evident design to injure some one, as a bul
let entered each window, one embedding itself
in the wall and the other smashing two panes of
glass. Parents should promptly punish children
found using “‘slingers” in their yards, and the
Police should immediately arrest any boy who
has one in the streets. Possession of a “sling-
er” is good evidence that it will bo used.
Miss Annie Pierce, daughter of Bishop Geo. F.
Pierce, was married, last week, to Mr. Jas. A.
Harley of Sparta.
The Standard says Talbotton needs a good
barber. “The barber we have here at present
makes jolly ginger cakes, but he is not much
on the shave. We think a good barber who
won’t make a man swear twenty-seven times
while he is being shaved, and who will devote
all his talent to barber-ism instead of paying so
much attention to ginger cakes, would do well
here.”
The Sparta Times and Planter says twice as
much guano will be used iu that county this
year as was last year. Active preparations are
being mado for a large crop this year. From
tho information it can gain from tho planters
occasionally, there will be nearly as much cot
ton planted this year as last, except in some
instances, where it has been impossible to ob
tain the required number of hands.
The Hancock “Planter’s Club” is to be re
vived. As soon as stock subscriptions to tho
amount of §3000 are received the club will or
ganize regularly. The par value of the stock
will be §25 per share,
We quote as follows from the Monroe Adver
tiser of yesterday:
Tho Griffin Star says the Savannah, Griffin and
North Alabama Railroad will soon be completed
to Senoiaand that in a abort time it will
doubtloss bo either tho County Site of Fayetto
county, or of a new one. It seems probable to
ns that btforo long Fayette county lines will be
so changed as to throw a portion of tho county
to Clayton and another portion to Campbell,
with eounty Site at Fairburn, in which event by
throwing a portion of Coweta and Merriwether
to Fayette, Senoia would be the most suitable
and available place for the county Site.”
One Mobe.—A negro was brought up beforo
Jastice Ay cock last Saturday, on what is, for
hia race, an .entirely unique charge. It ap
pears that he hired his son ont for the year,
under a contract with which he seemed to bo
fully satisfied. Being, however, of a practical
turn, and possessing withal a shrewd talent for
speculation, he concluded to take advantage of
the example set him by some of his white
friends. Ho prevailed npon his son to break
his contract, and, if we are not misinformed,
hired him to some one else. Wo allude to this
case merely to show to what an aggravating ex
tent this decoy business is carried. When ne
groes begin it, we think it is time for white
people to stop.
Fbuit.—From observations, we judge tbnt
the fruit crop was not entirely blasted by
the recent freeze. Tho very early kinds were
injured to Some extent, but those of a later va
riety escaped tbo evil effects of Jack Frost. Tbe
majority of peach trees are just now in full
flower, and wo still entertain lively hopes of in
dulging—more or less—in our favorite dish of
“nnlk and peaches.”
Convebted.—We saw a colored brother the
other day who was just in just the humor to
join a temperance society. He was an un
doubted convert It appears that he came to
town a few days before, and, having a few dol
lars on band, visited the nigger store below
Proctor’s Hotel, and invested a quarter in “rip-
gizzard” whisky. His experience is worth
something. He related it in this forcible style:
“ ’Fore do Lord, it wuz de sarchinest sperits
I ever seed. I felt zazkly like I’d eat a arth-
quake. I never toeh it any more, ef de Lord
spars me."
CoaN —During this month, if the weather is
favorable a majority of the farmers of this sec
tion will plant their corn. We are inclined to
think that tho area of land devoted to this im
portant crop will not be very much larger than
last year. Indeed, from the vagnereplies which
we recoivo to inquiries on this subject, we fear
the cotton fever is growing in intensity instead
of abating. Wo trust our fears are not well-
founded.
The Gainosvillo Air Line Eagle has come ont
in a foil suit of new feathers. May its flight be
long and lofty.
Mr. W. 0. Boeks, of Griffin, has been unani
mously elected final orator of the Phi Kappa
Society, of Franklin College.
Capt J. C. Allen, one of Pike county’s best
citizens died last week.
The Atlanta Constitution “understands that
a number of gentlemen of means propose start
ing another paper in Columbus, and that a well
known editor and politician will control its
columns.”
The Atlanta Intelligencer is “pleased to learn
from those who profess to know, that as yet
there is every prospect for an abundant frait
crop in this section.”
The Constitutionalist announces the death in
that city, on Sunday night, of Mr. Thos. S.
Metcalf, one of the richest and most prominent
citizens of tbe place. He was born in Provi
dence, Rhode Island, 1799, and came to Angus
ta in 1318. He had seen probably as many nps
and downs in cotton speculations as any man at
the South. His wife died about ten days ago.
Dr. W. Harry Clay, lato of the firm of Har
ris, Clay & Co., of this city, has gone into the
drug business in Angusta.
A negro boy named Sheflon, was run over by
an engine on tbo Georgia railroad at Angusta,
on Monday, and had his thigh badly crashed.
A letter for Miss Sophie Green, of Macon, is
held for postage in tho Savannah Post-office.
Letters for Mra. L. Holmes, and Berry Craige,
of Macon, aro held for postago in the Atlanta
office.
Patti caught cold, on Monday, going down the
Georgia road, and did not sing that night in
Augusta, as advertised.
Mb. Jas. W. Wabe, formerly of Golumbns,
and well known in commercial circles there diod
in Russell county Alabama Saturday night.
The Ohroniole and Sentinel, of Tuesday says:
Says the Era of Tuesday
The English Opera.—To-morrow Mr. A. 8.
Panyer, agent of the Etchings English Opera
Troupe, will be here to make arrangements for
the appearance of that fine treupe in Atlanta. It
is one of the best and most popular companies
now traveling, and is splendidly headed by Mrs.
Caroline Richings-Bernard. It embraces no
less than forty-six first class people, and gives
the legitimate opera entire. The troupe is now
playing to crowded houses in New Orleans. It
will visit Mobile, Montgomery, Columbus and
Macon on its route from New Orleans to At
lanta.
The Sun says a load of corn in ths streets of
Columbus “attracted general observation,” on
Monday.
Heavy rains in Columbus Sunday night. The
river rose several feet
A correspondent of the Atlanta Constitution,
writing from Walker connty, says the prospects
of the wheat crop in that section are very fine,
and an unusually large crop has been sown.
The Atlanta Era gets off the following burst
of sympathy for a very much oppressed class.
Pitiful.—It is pitiful to see the young men
of the present day, in whom oenter the hope of
society, and the security of State and National
Governments; young men, who are, perhaps,
the hope of doting parents, npon whom fond
mothers look for support during their declining
years; young men who ought to be buoyant of
spirits and lightfooted as deer, with no burden
npon them save the ordinary duties of life, it is
pitiful to see such young men forced to the ne
cessity of bearing the bnrden of the immense
neckties whioh are now the fashion. They are
to be pitied; yet they straggle with them like
heroes and boar them as patiently as a lady does
the mite-y bonnets of the peried.
Cornelius Horrigan, for fifteen years member
of the Washington Fire Company, of Savannah,
and a gallant officer in the late civil war, died
Monday.
Baldwin Superior Courts was in session last
week. Two murder cases—the State vs. Ohas.
Matthews, and George Hollinshed—were tried,
resulting iu a verdict of not guilty. Ben Brook
ins, for larceny, was sent to the Penitentiary
for threo years.
On tbe common law docket the most impor
tant cases disposed of were those involving re
lief, in all of which tho amounts were liberally
scaled.
The Rome Daily learns that the work on the
Selma, Rome and Dalton Railroad is being rap
idly pushed ahead, between that point and Dal
ton. Unless too much rain falls to interfere
with the work, trains will run through by the
first of June.
The Agricultural Fair for Cherokee Georgia
and Alabama, will commence at Rome, Novem
ber 11, 1870, and continue four days. Amongthe
premiums we notice the following:. Largest
orop of cotton on oue acre, silver pitcher, worth
§50; largest crops of oats, corn, barley and
rye, on one acre, each a silver pitcher worth
§25.
We beg to make our sincere acknowledgments
to friend Styles, of the Albany News, for the
following opinion:
Macon’s proudest and most important institu-
tution is the Telegraph and Messenger. It is
a great paper, and is conducted with discrimi
nating taste and consummate ability.
Of that ‘’orrid hale” Styles drank up here,
and our notice of it, he says:
That Ale.—The allusion by the Telegbaph
and Messekgeb to our complaint of bad alo at a
“fashionable saloon” while in Macon last week,
was couched in such quizical language that we
may be justified in dignifying it with an expla
nation.
Our “tipplings” do not extend to the distilla-
ted cereals, and the malt is so infamous of late
that wo seldom risk either ale or beer. On the
occasion referred to, we took three glasses cf
draught ale, and three hours afterwards we had
almost lost all power of locomotion, as well as
our senses. It produced heavy stnpor in the
head, dull pain throughout tbe system, and
finally inertia and sleep. We were poisoned !
And so will others be, to a greater or less ex
tent, who drink draught ale. It is made of Co-
culus Indicus instead of hops, and tbo only
question as to producing death, is tho amount
ono drinks.
We are sorry onr friend Reese conld think of
no more appropriate incident as a text for the
courtesy intended by the paragraph, for, though
he meant kindly, he furnished a cue for scoun
drels and blackguards to besmear with their
filth, and boslime with their slander.
A number of experienced divers representing
the “New York Monitor Wrecking Company,’
have arrived at Charleston and will go to work
right away, removing the obstructions in that
harbor. Their first work will be on tho Housa-
tonic, which, it will be remembered, was sunk
by tbe torpedo boat daring the war. They have
already made a descent and state that they saw
tbe ball of the torpedo boat and tho bodies of
the men who perished in her. The boat, they
state, is very little injured, although the bodies
aro very much decomposed, and they expect to
be able to raise her in a very short time.
In tho Fifzwilliam Museum, at Cambridge,
England, is Queen Elizabeth’s music book, con
taining compositions for the virginal or piano
forte of her time. The Queen is said to have
been a skillful musician.
The so-called Legislature of South Carolina has
repealed the charter of the Air line railroad.
..Associated Press News.—J. W. Simonton,
E-q., General Agent of tho New York Associa
ted Press, met m this city on yesterday Col. A.
R. Lamar, President, and Capt. F. W. Dawson
and W. W. Screws, Esq., of the Executive Com
mittee of tbe Southern Press Association. This 1
interview had reference to bettering the news
system for the Southern papers, and we are
gratified to learn that it will result in a way en
tirety acceptable to all parties interested. The
present news servioe will be greatly improved.
On Saturday last, leaf tobacco, in the Rich
mond market, touched the highest figures of
tho season. A sale was made at §151 00 per 100
pounds.
Cold Snap.—Monday night was quite cool—
the meroury was at the freezing point more than
half an hour after sunrise Tuesday morning.
Good Reading for Western Radicals.
The New York Times, good Republican au
thority, we thiuk, gives some figures to sustain
its position against the swindling high tariff
that now curses the country. We should think
them good reading for Western farmers espe
cially. Says the Times:
“The farmer receives 24 per cent, less for his
flonr than he did 10 years sgo; 14 per cent, loss
for his wheat; 7 per cent, less for his rye; less
for corn; less for potatoes. For hay he gets in
onr market 36 per cent less than in 1860; for
wool 24 per cent less. But when he must buy,
all his necessaries are advanced. Turk’s island
salt is 110 per cent, higher; English bar iron,
70 per cent; carpets, 41 per cent (in gold);
men’s bools, 27 per cent higher in gold; red
load paint, 40 percent; cut nsils, 41 per cent.;
lime, 66 per cent; and brown sheeting 50 per
cent higher in 1870 than in 1860.”
Horrible I
Pauls, March 7.—The Oaulois gives ah ac
count of a horrible and mysterious affair in
Spain, whioh it says it would not believe had
not the details been confirmed by a letter from
its own correspondent The story is, that on
February 17th a band of people broke into a
house at Aloiera, a village near Valencia, by
making a hole in the roof. The owner of the
house was M. Boluda. He was in bed with his
wife. The invaders pulled them out of bed and
put gags in their months; then they went to the
rooms where six children were sleeping, whom
they bound with cords and then in sight of their
parents tore out their eyes and tongues. After
ward they cutoff the feet of M. Boluda and his
eldest son, named Vincent, but purposely left
the teudon near the heel nnsevered; then they
hang them np head downward. After this thoy
ransacked the larder, made a good breakfast,
jeering at their victims all tbe time, and left the
bouse at daybreak. Two of the villains have
been arrested.
Continuation of the Debate on Bnt-
ler’a Georgia BUI—Bingham “Goes”
Tor BnUoelc.
We give, below, a telegraphic synopsis of the
conclusion of this debate. It will seen that
Bingham knows Bnllock pretty thoroughly—al
most aa well as we do here in Georgia :
The House at 3 o’clock resumed the conside
ration of the Georgia bilL
Mr. Peine offend an amendment, that noth
ing in the bill should be construed to prolong or
renew the term of office of Representatives from
Georgia.
Mr. Bingham addressed the House in opposi
tion to the bill, and offered an amendment that
nothing in the bill should be construed to vacate
any offices now filled in Georgia, either by elec
tion or appointment, nor to extend the official
term of any officer, nor to deprive the people
of the right to elect Senators and Representa
tives in 1870. He remarked that the amend
ment suggested objections which he had to fill,
except the further objection that there was no
occasion for further legislation whatever touch
ing the right of Georgia to be represented in
Congress. He would count himself a dishon
ored man, breaker of his oath, if he ever re
corded hia vote in favor of. the bill without the
limitation that he proposed
Mr. Butler, of Massachusetts, asked him
whether he wonld vote for the bill with the
amendment
Mr. Bingham said he wonld reserve the privi
lege of determining that question for himself,
should the gentleman from Massachusetts vote
against the amendment
Mr. Butler—I certainly shall.
Mr. Bingham—Then it is on the ground that
judicial officers there are to be discontinued,
from the Chief Justice down, and a new Bet of
nominations by Gov. Bullock, who would make
a good thing of it in putting in his pocket all the
proceeds of the State railroads—$200,000 a year.
He declared his conviotion that the passage of
this bill wonld change the Fifteenth and Four
teenth Amendments; and for anght he knew,the
Thirteenth Amendment.
Mr. Davis, of New York, made a speech in
advocay of the bill,in the course of which he de
fended the character of Gov. Bullock.
The New York Son concludes a long article
on the administration of General Grant as fol
lows :
General Grant has, at the. close of his first
year, proved bo lamentable a failure, both as a
statesman and a politician, that ho well-inform-
ed and far-seeing Repnblican contemplates his
renomination as a possibility: while a large
body of the wiser and more cautious members
of tbe party apprehend that his oourse must in
evitably break it in pieces before the next Pres
idential election.
Mason awl North Georgia
We notice, with the greatest pleas
this projected road is beginning to aUra*
serions attention of the people along ^
Publio meetings of the oitisens are bJat?
at different points, and the indl»»ti ffna
that the originators of the enterprise wyT. 1
the active end earnest oc-ope ration of tk*
pie most vitally interested in its success/L
is as it should be, for it is an entermiJ*
which not only the people of North Georrt,’
deeply interested, but those also of the
and lower parts of the State.
It is proposed that the road start at m,.
mid ran by way of Covington and this
the State line, in the direction of KnojjjJ
Tennessee. A glance at the map will gho*S
this wonld be a remarkably straight line
who are acquainted with the country ka’oi/'
the greater portion of it is most favour.,
the construction of a road. Particular)..S
true in regard to the oountry from Covim^l
this plaoe, and from here to Cleveland J vo
connty. ’
Running as it will, mainly parallel *jth d
watter courses, over an elevated platteai -5
one that may be easily and cheaply ca/’-'
—, i besides, it will penetrate a
country hitherto wholly destitute of jgaJJ
facilities, and one that is inexhaustible
mineral resources, affording almost unU^
water power, with extensive forests of tht
est timber; abundant in the production^7
cereals, fruits and vegetables, and one th» ?
the pnrity of its water, the salubrity ofy? .
mate, and its grand and attractive seen,
unsurpassed by any portion of the hsk;lt
globe. These are but a few of the mam w*
resources of this section that would be a 1
oped and made available by the buildino •
road. 8 ° !f
It would add greatly to the business interest,-,
Macon, and from the known enterprise 0 fu
citizens, and the efforts being put forth to n* 1
her a great railroad centre, we hope to see 1
enterprise receive that attention from her
talists that its importance deserves. '
To the people along the line, and esuecaf
of North Georgia, its advantages are incaC
ble, and we feel snre they will do all in a
power to insure its success.—Gainmiile Bm
CAPTURED COTTON.
An Interesting Case Wherein Loyalty
Failed to Pay.
Washington, March 7.—Supreme Court—
United States vs. Henry Grossmeyer; appeal
from a Court of Claims. Grossmeyer, prior to
the rebellion, was a citizen of New York and
had claims for loans and other indebtedness
against one Einstein, a resident of Georgia,
which, after the war commenced, through a
friend who passed pack and forth, he directed
to be invested in cotton for his use and benefit
by Einstein, and it was so done. Subsequently
the cotton was captnred by the army at Savan
nah, where it was sold by the Government and
the proceeds paid into the Treasury.
The Court of Claims finding that Grossmeyer
had been within the rebel lines, and was loyal
throughout the war, gave him judgment for the
amount of the proceeds, §80,496. 'This court
nowreversesthe judgment of the Court of Claims
Justice Davis delivering the opinion,holding that
intercourse between the two sections closed and
became illegal npon the outbreak of the war
without the enactment of any law on tho sub
ject; bnt that Congress, not intending thera
should bo any misapprehension among the peo
ple concerning what it had expressly declared a
fact. It wonld have been unlawful, therefore,
for Grossmeyer in person to have done acts
claimed to have been done by his agent,
and if the act of the principal wonld have
been unlawful, that of the agent must have
be unlawful also, and it follows that -there was
no authority for the purchase of cotton for the
claimant by Einstein, and there being no au
thority for its purchase, of course, no title pass
ed to him and he was not owner of the property
and has no rightful claim to the proceeds.
The opinion; takes ground that there could be
uo valid agency created after the commence
ment of the war, to do any act for or between
citizens adhering to different sections, and that
the whole transaction was consequently void.
THE GERMANS IN AMERICA.
A Glowing Tribute.
Emilio Castelar, the eloquent member of the
Spanish Cortes, has recently written a letter .to
the editors of the New Free Press, of Vienna, in
reply to the many letters rooeived by him from
different portions of Germany, congratulating
him on his speeches upon religion and monarchy.
After giving an analysis of the Spanish charac
ter, he explains the principles and plans of the
Spanish Republicans, and states that their ob
jects are to form the United States of Europe
upon a similar basis 03 tho United States of
America. The true law of social grouping, he
says, will constitute of freemen a municipality;
of free municipalities, a canton; of free can
tons, a State; of free States, a federal republic.
In concluding, ho says:
Turn your eyes to the groat republic that the
German races have founded in that paradi30 of
the future, America. There all men acknowl
edge one country, and all consciences one altar.
The hut of its humblest citizen is more to be
envied than the palace of the first of onr kings;
periodicals bud and grow in its cities like leaves
in a wood; associations form there as regularly
as forms tbe organism of the untural world;
churches support themselves and exist in com
plete independence of each other; every mu
nicipality is a separate State, which calls all its
members to the same political life, and renders
them all legislators, magistrates and sovereigns.
Tbe school and the library, those disseminators
of ideas, educate tho people to self-government.
It has discovered steam, and centripled human
forces; it has concentrated the lightning, in
vented the telegraph, laid bare unexplored for
ests, populated improvised cities, and united
the Atlantic and Pacific by a line of railroad.
It has plunged into the abysses and eternal si
lence of the waters, and suspended there a tel
egraph table. Why should not we, the people
of Europe, with all our applianoes of art and
civilization, follow in the footsteps of America.
Shrinkage in Slaughtering.—The shrinkage
of hogs in butchering varies from one-oighth to
one-fourth of the gross weight A well fattened
hog that has not been fed for sixteen or twenty-
four hours before slaughtering and will weigh
300 pounds gross, will weigh about 2 GO pounds
dressed, while one poorly fattened that will
weigh 200 pounds gross, will balance little over
150 pounds dressed. It is believed that hogs
that have attained maturity, or about 20 months
old, when well fattened will shrink less than
those that are from 9 to 12 months old. Beef
cattle will, on the average, shrink about 40 per
cent, in slaughtering, i. the meat will equal
nearly 60 per cent of the gross weight. In the
case of both cattle and sheep mnoh depends up
on whether they are well fattened, and some
breeds, as Short Horns and Sonth Downs, show
less shrinkage than others.
An Iowa widow who indulges in the luxury of
woe at Des Moines, deolares that life insurance
is the duty of all men. Her first husband was
insured for $20,000, which will set her second
husband np in a first-class grocery.
Alex. T. Stewabt says: “He who invests
one dollar in business shonld invest one dollar
in advertising.” Robert Bonner says: “My
success is owing to my liberality in advertising.”
Barnum says liberal advertising made him a
million dollars in ten years. Stephen Girard
said; “Constant and persistent advertising is a
sure prelude to wealth.”
The Drew Golden Wedding.—A very pleas
ant affair was the golden wedding of Mr. and
Mrs. Daniel Drew, last evening at their mansion
on Union square. The principal feature of the
evening was the presentation to the venerable
conple of a massive gold and silver flower stand,
the gift of the members of the St. Paul’s M. E.
Church. The presentation was made by the
Rev. Dr. Ridgeway. A noticeable incident was
the appearance of Mr. Thomas Drew, brother
of the host, who celebrated his golden wedding
two years ago. The wives of the brothers are
sisters, and during the presentation oeremony
they all sat in a group surrounded by their chil
dren, grand-children, and great-grand-children.
If. Y. Com. Adv. iith.
Thebe is considerable talk in New York about
running A. T. Stewart for Governor next fall.
The idea has been started in tho Union League,
and has taken well. The expectation is that his
known ability and honesty would bring a num
ber of Democratic votes to hia side, besides
which be has the advantage of not being ob
noxious in a partisan sense.
The women out I in Wyoming are having
prompt notice that the privilege of voting in
volves various duties that they have not been
accustomed to perform. Among the jurors
drawn for the March term of the Albany Coun
ty court were eleven women, some of them the
wives of the most prominent citizens. This turn
of things rather astonishes the she's of Wyo
ming, but why it should ia not quite apparent
as tbo jury duties naturally go with the right
of suffrage and the other duties of citizenship.
San Francisco, March 4.—The rich ^
deposits recently discovered in New Me;
and of which mention was made in yesUtiv
dispatch, are situated near the boundary lit.
Aarizona Territory, and in the heart of u
Apache oountry. No small party of whites*
safely venture in tho neighborhood of the mis*
as the Indians are fiercely hostile. The disru
erers located their claims about the first of Fc
ruary, and brought a quantity of the ore toti
city. It consists of blue and black snlph^
—the silver ore assaying as high as §2.000 ate
The principal “lo'de” oonsists of a mass of 1
ver oie 3,600 feet in length, 1,000 feetinviS
and projecting 1,000 feet above the level of!
surrounding country. The distance from?
defined points to the mines are given asfoll^
From the line of the projected SoutliemPs:
Kailroad, 3 miles; from Fort Brown, 40 1
from the|Mimbree settlements, 80 miles;
Pinos Altos, 100 miles; from San Diego,
miles, and from Sheridan, where supplies e
be obtained, 800 miles. There is an abaodi
of wood, water and grass in the neighborly
and some fertile lands.
The Effect of Gorging the Auieric
Eagle.
An Eagle Which Prefers to Pick t? C«
with the Pigeons.—Mr. Dorsey’s attempt (
set tho captive eagle free, from the roof oftl
engine house in Pawtucket, R. I., oaThn.4tj
was made in the presence of a large crowds I
with a band at hand to play the “Star Sptad|
Banner,” “Hail Columbia,” etc. A poem n*
read, and then—but we will not abbreviate!]
remainder of the story, which the Providi
Journal tells thus:
“After three cheers each for Mr. Dorsey 1
Monitor Engine Company, and while the b
was playing ‘Hail Columbia,’ his majesty 1
liberated by Mr. Dorsey, assisted by John Ba
ly, under whose care the bird had thriven 4
ing its confinement. He needed no second:
vitation, and in a moment was in the air 1
the prolonged cheers from tho multitude,
were prepared to watch his proud flight 1
alas! the good eare he had received, and c
bounteous freedom dinner he had beau giwj
were too much for his so long untried wia
and he was compelled to alight on a hoi
scarcely a hundred yards from his old cs
where ha sat in proud contempt for i
expectations of the people. In &:
ment snow balls from the hands of small toi
flew thick and fast around him, but a coda
the head and a look of ‘Shoo fly’ was the mi]
notice he deigned. As the band coEEEie
‘Yankee Doodle,’ he started a second time,u
for a moment seemed likely to reach hia a
broad blue; but as he receded from the ima
ing strains of the music, tbe attraction tows
earth was too strong, and he began slowly j
descend, till in. attempting to light in a lis
elm tree his talons became entangled in a
twigs, and the proud emblem of our na;ba
was trailing in the air, hopeless, and hua
enough to gratify the most traitorous hoiaj
Here he hung, till a young man, Robert S*S
bury, climbed the tree and attempted torel'
him, when, with a touch of his native fen
lie went for Robert’s head in the most appi
bird-of-prey manner, with beak ar.d talons. £
a lively straggle ensued, Robert finally coal
off victoriously, and tbe eagle again in the £
But high living was the ruin of him, andlj
gradually fell to tho ground, and wae til
back to his old quarters, where he awaits t
action of his would-be liberator, Mr. Dorsey-1
That is only an illustration in nature of 1
■we daily discover in politics. The Ansfi
eagle is flying very low just now becnnail
has been fed too heavily from tho publics
He is gorged with spoils and yet seems to j
plunder to glory,and scratches the face of
body who would have him plume himself,(
his ancient and lofty flight ia blue ether,
has been so long caged and trained by ’
and corrupt politicians that he prefers top
np com in the Radical barnyard. It is sir
that the Providence Journal should fail to a
the moral of his story.
It is asserted that within the Last eight
months ex-Queen Isabella, of Spain, hast
over five millions of her capital.
James Robinson, tho circus rider, die! s
denly at Cinoinnati, recently, from hemon
of the lungs.
A Notice npon Prince Pierre Bonapart*
been served, to answer in the matter of
torNoir homicide.
Robebt O. Loosns, a telegraph operator at
Pass a 1’Outre, Louisiana, was drowned near
there on Wednesday by the upsetting of a small
boat.
The anxiety about the missing
City of Boston and Smidt, say the New
papers, is fast sinking into despair.
Complaint is general by the press of £
against the Frenoh.Govarnment fornotcltf
up the alleged conspiracy against the r"
ana life of the Emperor. ' , n, j-am
"Whittkmobz is now called by a Repubj
paper, “a long-bearded, fall-bellied, naj
headed, smooth-tongued carpet-bagger.'
is indeed personal.
The feasibility of the project for a ship*
across the isthmus of Darien ia fuliy acquit
in by Com. Edwards who surveyed the :
across the isthmus in 1854.
The amount of United States bonds pu
daring the last year, which the Secretary®!
Treasury has now on hand, amounts to J 1 *
rMd mjt cnt-I V>
A Dispatch has been received from
States Minister DeLmg, dated YobohaeM
raary 1, that the wreck of the Oneida b 31 *
discovered, and corroborating the list of 1
saved previously reported.
Advices from Brussels state that evetj 3
is being made to induce the American bis
who are now in Rome to declare for P*PfJ
falibility, but so far the ultramontane*^
been unsuccessful in securing their adher”
The ground is being well broken for !
General George 1L Thomas Grant’s *£*
for the Presidency. Tho Cincinnati Co^
cial indicates its preference for Thom* 1 '
urges the movement forward. -
A Fair Hit.—Referring to the threat* 11 j
nexation of the British Provinces in
the United States, the Ottawa
‘that a country afraid to hold up it* he**.
Spain should not menace a Proviuo# J®*!
joys the protection of the British fl*g-
Secretary BoutweH iebutton-hoHbg -
every chance he can get; and urgingpP 1 ",.
the importance of immediately pass®;!. J
aoheme—tbe Funding bSL He
improvement in American credit
been so rapid Within the padt few
confidence 1 in- bis ability to fnnd/»]
law wto of -Interest ia greatly t‘
When there is a contested seat ® ^
York Legislature, it has been caste® 3 ?? j
State te-pay the lawyers of both P 31 *?? -
uwiJL to allow the unsnew^**
own «rneir»ir