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cnd Messenger
^tojFaro and H oin ® VIS"""' 500
tfirn Christian Advocate with Weekly 5 00
C5L Weekly 4 00
*“r arrangement is where remittances are
Juditeet to the office of publication. I
Tks consolidated Telegraph and Messenger
a large circnlation, pervading Mid-
? : t!ntlicrn and Southwestern Georgia and
Alabama and Middle Florida. Adver
ts at reasonable rates. In the Weekly
dollar per square of three-quarters of
*ri each publication. Remittances should
uj£da by express, or by mail in money or-
^“orregistered letters.
AND GEORGIA
ilsT
ijjggY, REID & REESE, Proprietors.
^ H E Fa SIILY Jo U RN AL. N E W S — POLITICS LlTE R ATU RE—AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC AFFAIRS.
GEORGIA TELEGRAPH BUILDING
ESTABLISHED 1826.
MACON TUESDAY, AUGUST 30, -1870.
VOL LXIY.-N07
KAlLliOADS.
xelegrapli Building, -Macon
and Messenger, one year $10 00 ' xiie System of France, Belgium. Prussia
‘ “ Dt hs 5 00 Austria, England a,..it the VuUikl htates. ’
iw month 1 00
^ ■ffeekly Telegraph and Messenger, 1
5?:
5*WeeklyTeiegraphaiidM^enl ~ W j w ^ Biamt or mxra.
JtaS, 1 year! 3 00 .. Jg v™ fr0tn . t I he 013 and New > for August,
f* th 1 50 ! fa Prance railways were first introdneed in
dwitsfa advance, and paper stopped 183G ; an( l there ara now over 9,000 miles in
frjjb , t > mo nov runs out, unless renewed. operation, making an average of two and a half
f b«n the mou JT | miles to every 10,000 inhabitants, or four and
jjjpo Ar.rJLKeEnKrr 3 with s. w. bubke & a half miles to every 100 square miles of terri-
co's publications. toiy. The average cost of the construction of
'. .. MT ' A , ‘boss railroads was abont $125,000 a mile. The
Telegraph .t Messenger and Farm i roads are leased to six great companies, who
p’d Home • uu I operate them, and pay the State 10 per cent.
fetUy Telegraph and Messenger and j upon their gross receipts. The government
400
2 00!
Th ^.T" 1 St Hallways—Number or
Miles in Operation—Bates Charged,
^(ItYUlttfor the Telegraph and Messenger.
Aurora.
-b;..i had aet her seal of silence,
.jlowliness a epell o’er all had thrown,
To tbo boahed, awiftiy gliding tread of truant
Mfhjta,
hot reluming, freighted with ambrosial sweets
a the perfumed chalices of slumbering flowers
tic'-cn,
(tried her calm repose.
'< (o’ian mnrmnrs of undulating forests, now
beitlung
jeeiods with the tremulous softness of love’s
ini (igb—
,r(veiling strains wild and weird-like,
ithelaet, despairing sobs of a breaking ko&rt,
tsiog with the musical voices of many waters,
(j.merry, trippling feet keep measnred time
liar pishing, tinkling melody,) aroused the
deeper. ——*— —
ihrdly her brilliant orbs unclosed,
il with the cjnsciouaneBS of .her own bright
betuty,
efiir young goddess blushed!
Die&mily and languidly
ujkm from the star gemmed couch of Night,
drdli her rosy fingers gently raised
e wiiins of the east. Night bowed her jew-
eM head;
iesidly and unnoticed tho silent watchers,
isitheir mysterious fires illumirg the glittoting
eoccave. .. .
Ltd and retired, leaving her in solemn loneliness,
: the versa of an unknown future,
sferirg 'death the amber-tinted awning
! tie cloud-rreathed Orient, she bared her radiant
bror,
nisei in her own rosy light.
tea she donned her robe of royal splendor,
cihtd tha while, deopening with pleased surprise
iSoi in each quivering, pendant dew-drop,
er lowly image mirrored.
With queenly etep she came
itly veiled in warm and glowing colors,
t gleams of gold and crimson blending
ted a halo round her pathway,
drag earth with mellowed beams,
aging wide her gorgeous portals,
riling streams of golden light poured forth
a the day-god’s blazing shield,
tuning Mature with celestial brightness,
thetmsalhed fragments of shivered gems,
mdnpon by moonbeams, scintillating sparks
ihed downward. On they came in dazzling
•towers,
i gilded arrows tipped with beauty’s ray—
«'«earliest sunbeams.
Sunbeam.
«■«.' HoihC.
Emperor Jinks.
is General Jinks of tho grand armee,
\ntlaoI'tinpcrciir Francois;
soswraecala think I’m quito passe,
Bnt— I’m head of tho army,
i teach the rabble “Vivo la France,
hwla France, Vivo la Franco.’’
And make ’em recruit up tho army.
you know, my poople must h&vo a little war
'twthen. They’redev’iiahrestless.youknow,
1*5* ‘eme blood-letting; and if I don’t lot
9 W eome Prussian blood, it’s ten to one they
of mine or my son’s; and that wouldn’t
k ‘d.yoa know, for ] -
Geaeral Jinks of the grand armee, •
{**0W 1 ought at homo to stay;
laanot fight tho officers say,
But—I’m head of tho army!
Meter all my voltigenrs,
v canasters and my chasseurs,
“1 arm them all with mitraiilenrs,
-Oh, ain’t it a terrible army ?
)henl left homo Eugenie cried,
^,'tnie cried, O, how she cried,
•ltd I rather felt, by the way elio cried,
X wasn’t cut out for the army. -
' : ' :■ H the ttutli, I never coni’ gel tho hang
tactics j and thenyon know—I don’t mention
•J7 one—but—then—Dr. Nettleton, he sayB
'tho vciical—well, in short* that I haven’t the
Jfjls demanded by a severe campaign, such as
“booxpectedbyj
Oineral Jinks of the grand armee,
‘know I ought at homo to stay,
I cannot tight, my officers say,
Cut—rm head of the army!
: I’ru.-sians they came on so fast
j»u compelled to leave at last,
Wore they should come rushing past
And gobblo me up with my army,
marshals, then, they all did shout,
did shout, they alt cried out.
marshals then, they all did shout,
Why, kick him out of the army !
Echoew Front Prentice. ..
from the Courier-Journal,
hist winter James Patton, Jr., of
‘j’.vnship, Pa., was mistaken for a deer
.oanded; a few weeks ago, while riding on
**Ct—*mm/m
r grain, he was carried away by a whirl-
• ;*td had an arm broken and a shonlder
G , subsequently he fell into a sink-
■ shattered himself generally. We
„ .^riso that young man to go into the
y tisy t^sypLiT^;. !f 9 jj j<> adltcol-aurril
; of the President and his Secretary
'"Rochester Chronicle says, “they
t*lV nado mistakes sometimes;. but where
* be found who are-nob- liable to err?”
:j i--' 0;i ip lains that Grant and Fi6h are lia-
. The duece of the matter is they are
nothing else. -.jj-nw.
1-hot extinguisher over in Indiana,
- ta n° ° D an artiele °* 0,1 rs *n which we re-
’ 'J tloiriocratio victory by means of peaoe-
proposes to resist Mr. Hnmner’s
1 ‘ 10 the death.” Ah, we have heard
crow ^fore. Mr. B. F. BuUer
:i to.-A. Logan crowed it ini 8G0. They
llr t So in,” and we “went in,” and tefiar
oil t 7 J & a whar was Mr. Boiler ? On
quite the reverse.
'■it? l ; rQ ® tbft Chicago has but 300,000 in-
- of 40 °.®>0. then 100,000 men,
, , “ luldren are to be warmly concrat-
t Es “.- thc 7 have never’been born.
S m f'l York Tribune,” bays an exchange,
<G V ' P°? Attorney General Akerman to
lit R„, didtiess ain't the Trib-
aided in their construction by loans of money,
and by constructing the earthworks and the
bridges. Tho leases under which tho companies
hold possession are for a term of 93 years, after
which the roads with their stock' and buildings,
are to revert to the government entirely. Mean-
j while, however, the mails are transported by
the roads free of charge, and the 1 soldiers and
officers of the government are transported at a
reduced charge; while the Government fixes
the rates for both passengers and freight which
the roads charge to the public, and guarantees
the roads from any infringement upon their
business by the construction of any competing
road.' Tho rates are low, but yet high enough
to make the enterprise so profitable that the
stock of all the French railways commands a
premium in the market. From their yearly
profits, the railroads are also obliged, by the
conditions of their lease, to put by yearly a
fund for paying back their capital to the share
holders, when, tho term of the lease having run
out, the roads will become the property of the
Government. By this means, the capital of
the shareholders being rendered secure, and
paying a good dividend, the shares are, of
course, steadily at a premium; and the element
of stability, so entirely wanting in railway in
vestments in England and this country, is given
to this kind of investment. The average work
ing expense of the French railways is abont 38
per cent, of their gross receipts.
BAH.WAT SYSTEM OF BELGIUM.
In Belgium, there are 1,250 miles of railroad,
making an average of two and a half miles to
every 10,000 of the population, or ten miles to
every 100 square miles of territory. Those rail
roads were constructed at an average cost of
$91,500 a mile. They wore partly constructed
by the state, and partly by companies, who were
given the privilege on condition that they
should absorb their capital l>y a system called
'amortization, and by which a portion of their
earnings should be used,, net as dividends,bnt to
repay their capital; and that, when this was
done, the roads should tie the unencumbered
property of the State. At firsts the railways in
Belgium paid no profit, as the fore was placed
very low; bnt, as this system increased the pnb-
lic prosperity by offering a means of cheap circn
lation, the business so increased that the lines
have become very profitable, and their roceipts
help largely toward paying tho expenses of the
government. In 1805, M. Yaaderstichhelen,
the minister of public works, in bis report to
tho chamber of representatives at Brussels, said:
“Since 185G, that is to say in eight years—
“1. The charges on goods-have been lowered
on an nverage of 28 per cent.
“2. The public have dispatched 2,706,000
tons more, while they have economized more
than 20,000,000 francs ($4,000,000) on the C03t
of carriage.
“3. The public treasury has realized 5,781,000
francs ($1,156,200) more, after having paid the
cost of working, and the interest on capital.—
Being in this prosperous situation, the govern
ment have asked if the time has not come to
tnm their attention to the second part of the
problem of cheap transportation. In other
words, whether it is not proper to apply to the
servico of passengers the principles which have
given such satisfactory results to that of goods.
Tho government is of opinion that facility and
cheapness of traveling are, in principle, as fruit
ful of benefits to all classes of society as the
economical transport of goods can be for the
producers and consumers.”
The chamber having agreed, the rates of fare
were lowered, and the success has been better
than was anticipated. The Belgian roads now
retnm a larger profit than ever before, being
an average of 7 per cent. The relative cheap
ness of the fares is shown in the following com
parison : From London to Dover, 78 miles, f
first-class ticket costs £1, abont $5; a second-
class, 15 shillings, $3 75; while from Ostend to
Brussels, 89 miles, a first-class ticket costs 5
shillings, $1 25, and a second-class ticket, 3
shillings and four-pence, 72 cents—the rate of
travel on both lines being about the same—a lit
tle under -10 miles an hour. ’
HALLWAY SYSTEM OF PBUSSIA.
Prussia has 3,800 miles of railroad, making an
average of two miles to each 10,000 of the pop
ulation, or four miles to bach 100 sqnare miles
of territory. The average cost of construction
was $83,700 a mile, 'ilia comparative cheap
ness of their construction comes from the fact
that care is taken to avoid thonpreliminary ex
penses of organization. As waa said before the
parliamentary royal commission upon railways,
“The various expenses of one kind and another
accompanying the passing of railway bills in
England, before n sod was dug, would amonnt
to something very nearly like the cost of the
whole Prussian railway system.” Of Prussian
railways, abont one-half are worked by the gov
ernment, and the other by private companies,
under concessions from the government npon
terms similar to those in France. Th6 govern
ment is also-very careful iu not allowing any
line to be constructed, which shall compete
with any other. The fares on all the roads are
fixed by the government. The profit npon the
capital invested has averaged from 5 to 8 j per
cent., the higher rule being made by the private
companies.
BAILWAY SYSTEM OF AUSTBIA.
In Austria, there are abont 3,700 miles of
railroads, making an average of one mile to
each 10,000 of population, or two-thirds of a
mile to each one 100 square miles of territory,
The average cost of their construction was$108,-
500 a mile. The financial condition of the
State forced it to leave the construction of these
roads to companies, bnt under the. condition
that at tho end of 90 years the roads become
the unencumbered property of the State. The
rates of fare are fixed by the government, who
have reserved the right to alter them whenever
the necessity. should arise. The roads have
proved profitable to the stockholders, paying an
average dividend of 7 per cent.
BAIL WAY SYSTEM OF ENGLAND.
In England an entirely different policy was
pursued, and has produced entirely different re
trains for freight and passengers, which traveled
more than 163,000,000 miles. It would seem
tkat an amount of business liko this should be
made profitable; and yet the railway system of
England, is next door to bankruptcy. In fact,
the statistics of 1867, as compared with those
of 1866, show that the gross receipts had in
creased $0,578,225, while the working expenses
had increased $5,180,395, which was a higher
ratio than before and oaused a decrease of their
already slim dividends. So involved have the
railways become and their market value is so
depressed, causing such wide-spread disaster,
that it has been proposed that the government
should purchase all- the lines. The London,
Chatham and Dover, with a capital of $50,000,-
000, has never paid any dividend, nor even the
interest on its first issue of bonds, and is now
hopelessly insolvent in tho hands of a receiver.
Yet this is the chief route connecting Paris and
London. Nor is thw. tho only one of the Eng
lish railways that has been placed in the re
ceiver’s hands, while the stock of every one of
them is heavily depreciated on the market.
THE AMERICAN RAILWAY SYSTEM.
Here in the United States the railroads have
been built and are owned by private corpora
tions ; and the evils of allowing so valuable a
monopoly to remain in private hands have more
than begun to display themselves. The corpo
rations have seen the folly of competing with
each other, and have thus combined; and now
there are States of the union whose politioal
and financial policy is directed and controlled
by railway rings. The increased cost of coal in
which every one is interested, is one of the evils.
The monopoly of railroads lies like an embargo
between the grain fields of the West and the
seacoast. With corn in the east at over $1 a
bnshel, it is burned in Illinois by the producers.
Gov. Palmer, of Illinois, in a letter to a conven
tion of farmers at Bloomington, proposes, as a
remedy, that the roads should be made free to
all carriers of freight and passengers, npon
terms to be fixed by the State, and under the
laws applicable to turnpikes. This would, how
ever, be a mere half-way measnro. Every man
has neither the time, the inclination, nor the
means to be his own railway carrier, so that tho
bnsines3 would ultimately fall into few hands;
and our experience with the express companies
shows how naturally they would combine and
keep their charges high.
The chief objection brought against the con
trol of railroads by the State, is a dislike of
governmental interference with private busi
ness, and a fear, which is perhaps jnst, of “the
administrative ability of government officials.’
Bat experience will teach ns, if it has not al
ready taught ns, that the railway, being essen
tially a monopoly, should never be intrnsted to
private hands. The circulation of a country,
liko the coining of its money, should be carried
on by the public for it3 own convenience and
benefit. Tho continent of Europo has shown
that governmental control of the railways is in
every way an advantage to the public, and that
their management can be so organized as to be
at once efficient and economical.
Constitution of the Georgia Agricul
tural .Society.
Article 1. This Association shall be known by
the name of the Georgia State Agricultural
Society.
Art. 2. The .officers of the Society shall be a
President, one Vice President from each Con
gressional District, which officers shall be elect
ed by ballot by tho Society in. convention, as
hereinafter.-prescribed. t . ..
Art. 3. The legislative and elective power of
the Society shall be vested in tha convention of
delegates from the county agricultural societies.
Theso delegates shad be elected by ballot by the
county sooieties in January of each.year, or as
early thereafter as practicable.
Each county shah bo entitled to send three
delegatee to tho convention, and-if- there shall
be more tban two orga- ized societies in each
county, then the representation from that coun
ty shall be double this number. The delegates
shall hold their appointment for one year.
There shall bo two conventions annually,'the
first on the 22d February, the seoond at snoh
time and place in the fall as the spring conven
tion shall determine. At the fall convention
U r
Some Scraps of Secret History,
From the Louisville .Courier-Joumai^\ :
When the war in Europe began wo declared
it to be the duty of our government, and no
less the duty of every journalist in the country,
to maintain a position of strict but independent
neutrality between the contending powers. This
position, adhered to with rectitude and firmness,
could hardly fail to be misconceived, or at least
to prove distasteful to partisans, bnt would, we
thought, best answer the ends of justice in the
abstract and the interests of our government in
particular. Such, as far as matters have gone,
has been the experience. At first the advan
tages seemed to be with France, and we had the
honor of being sharply criticised by onr friends,
tha Germans, for describing the situation as it
was or as it appeared to be. The progress of
the war has developed sudden and startling
changes of position and fortune upon the mili
tary chess-board, and because we have reported
these with perfect impartiality and candor we
have incurred the displeasure of some of our
friends, the French. The position of a neutral
is always delicate and never satisfactory; but.it
gratifies us to feel that we have been influenced
the Annual Fair of the Society shall be held.
I by no partisan, or local, or pecuniary influence
- suits. Railways have been built by private
—-t tmiil *71* »* vnt* * w aau-
^ wh,it hu7utyU Q f 9 ° meb0dy Wh °
companies, and It has been supposed that com
petition would secure for the pnblic cheapness
of transit and stability in railroad investments.
The report of the royal commission on railways
gives us the data for judging how far this sup
position has proved true. The Stockton and
Darlington line Waa opened in 1825, bnt the
speculative mania for railways did not set in un
til 1844. That year projected railways requiring
a capital of nearly $75,000,000 were granted
charters by Parliament. The next year, 18-45,
the amount was $220,000,000; and the next,
1846, $607,000,000. The amount asked for in
1846 was $2,000,000; but Parliament was pru
dent and limited their favors to $607,000. This
conservatism is the more praiseworthy sinoe it
is said'that oue hufidred and fifty-seven mem
bers of Parliament were pecuniarily interested
in the schemes proposed that year. The Par
liamentary expenses of the Liverpool and Man
chester Railway were abont $135,000, about
$5,000 per mile; and it is said that the solici
tors’ biu for promoting a scheme that reached
Pariiament was $410,000.
There are now 14,247 miles of railway in Eng
land, representing an aggregate capital of $2,-
511,314,435, and occupying 289 square miles of
territory, or one aero in evenr 273 of England
and Wales; one in every 8,123 In Bcotlana, and
one ja every 858-in Ireland. Theeefimed B*rry
on the average nearly 1,000,000 of passengers
every day, and in 1867 dispatched 6,000,009
' Georgia Bond Laws.
From the Washington Gazette.]
Washington, Ga., August 9th. |
Mr. Editor : As there is much ignorance of
the road law -iu our community, allow me,
through your paper, to publish a synopsis of it.
Firstly—Onr law provides that “all male in
habitants, white and black, in this State, be
tween the ages of 16 and 50,' are subject to
work on the pnblic roads, except such os ore
specially exempted.”
Secondly—Tho law requires all managers or
employers of male free persons of color, when
ever required, to furnish the overseers of the
road district with a list, in writing, of those
who are liable to work on the pnolic roads,
signed by themselves, under a penalty of pay
ing three dollars for each male person so liable
to work and not returned, which shall be col
lected ns fines for not working the road.
Thirdly—Tha law declares that every person
liable to work ou the roads who, after being
summoned, shall neglect to obey the summons
and to carry tho implement required of him, or
who shall refuse faithfully to work, shall bo
fined for each day’s neglect or failure not less
one nor more than three dollars, or shall be
imprisoned, at tbo discretion of the Road Com
missioners.
Fourthly—The law gives fall power to the
Road Commissioners to issue executions for the
fines assessed by them, or to issue warrants of
arrest against all defaulters failing to render a
good excuse, which executions and warrants
shall be directed to any lawful constable, whose
duty'it shall be to Ibvy and collect the same as
Justice Court fi. fas., or to arrest the defaulter
and bring him before the Commissioners of the
district to abide by their judgment.
Fifthly—In all cases where executions are is
sued against road hands in the employment of
others, notice in writing to such employer of
the existence of said fi. fa. shall operate as a
garnishment, and shall be a lien on wages due
or to become dne from said employer to the
road hand.
Sixthly—All defaulters must file their excuse,
if any, c:i oath, before the Commissioners, who
are required to meet at some place within the
district for fining and punishing defaulters, of
which place of meeting they shall give ten days’
notice in writing, at one or more of the most
public places in the district, and no other notice
to defaulters shall tie necessary.
Seventhly—The law declares, further, that
no ptoperty is exempt from levy and sale under
an execution issued by tbe Road Commission-
i - Jr it e« w -tafp ■■
Eightly—The Road Commissioners can pay
the overseers one-half of the fine money, as
compensation to them for informing bn defaul
ters.
Ninthly—The Overseers of Roads most give
at least one day’s notice of the time and place
of meeting to work on the road, and the iinple
ments to be used.
Tenthly—The law- allows road hands to be
worked fifteen days in each year, (not more
than five at one lime,) unless a sudden emer
gency requires the repair of roads, bridge's or
canse-ways within the district, when more time
may be required.
Eleventhly—The law requires the overseers
to replace the mile posts when down, and to
place sign-boards at places requiring them.
These are tbe plain, distinct provisions of the
Road Law, and they cover, the whole ground.
If we have bad roads, as we do everywhere—
such roads as bring constant reproach upon ns
—the fault is in the Road Commissioners, not
in the law. Very respectfully, ” ;
Wm. M. Reese.
An election for President, Vice Presidents, and
members of the Executive Committee sball.be
held daring the present convention, and shall
be inaugurated during the spring session of
1871. Hereafter tho election of these offipers
shall be held during the spring session of the
Society. The present officers shall hold their
offices until their successors are inaugurated os
provided forin this constitution.
At the fall sessions, hereafter, the President
and Vico Presidents and members of the Execu
tive Committee from the Congressional dis
tricts shall be elected for the succeeding year,
their duties to commence with the first or spring
session of the next year, at which time the Ex
ecutive Committee and Secretary and Treasurer
of the preceding year shall make their annual
report. The President shall be inaugurated at
tho spring Convention, and publicly on the 22d
of February; if this day shall fall on Sunday,
then on the day succeeding. ’
At the spring Convention the standing com
mittees on alt subjects deemed important to
the interests of agriculture, mechanics, manu
factures, and the mineralogical interests of the
State shall be appointed, and they shall make
their reports at the fall session.
The President, Vice President and members
of the Executive Committee, ex-Presidents of
the Society and life members on the Roll of the
Soeiety, and life members a3 hereinafter pro
vided for, shall be members of this legislative
body. :• fi v ..
Any person who shall be interested in the ag-
rictdtural, manufacturing, mechanical or mineral
interests in this State, shall be nominated to
the Executive Committee of this Society for
election as a life member upon the payment of
ten dollars, but the Society reserves the right
through its Executive Committee to reject any
person so nominated.
Any person who shall pay two dollars to the
Secretary shall be an annual member of this
Society, and shall bo entitled to a seat in the
Convention of Delegates, but shall not be al
lowed to vote on any question before the- Con
vention.
Upon tbo rejection of a person by the Execu
tive Committee, who shall bo nominated for a
life membership, tbe fee of ten dollars shall be
returned to him from the Treasury of tho Soci
ety.
I Art. 4. There shall bo three Executive
Committeemen from each Congressional Dis
trict.
The Delegates in Convention, from each Dis
trict, shall nominate five names, from which the
Convention shall chooso three members of said
Board to serve as tha Executive Committee from
their District. The members of this Board, at
the first election, shall be elected for one, two
and three years, and one member from each
District annually, thereafter ; one member from
a county only. The President and Vice Presi
dents shall be ex-ojjicio members of tbe Execu
tive Committee ; undthe Committee, thus con
stituted, shall have power to elect the Secretary
and Treasurer, and prescribe their duties. A
two-thirds vote of the whole Committee shall
have the power, for cause, to remove these of
ficers and fill their vacancies.
The President may suspend the Treasurer or
Secretary for any gross malfeasance in office,
and appoint a successor pro tempore, to discharge
their -duties.
The members of tho Executive Committee
shall be ex officio members of tho legislative and
elective body of the society,and entitled to vole
on all questions coining before it.
Tfie President may call extraordinary sessions
of the Committee and Convention if deemed
necessary.
Art. 6. Two counties, represented by dele
gates, shall be a quorum of the Convention of
the Society for tho transaction of business, in
conjunction with a quorum of the Executive
Committee. Eleven members of the Executive
Committee shall bo a quorum. If seven Con
gressional Districts are represented at any meet-.
:.ng of the Executive Committee, five members
shall be a quorum thereof.
Art- 7. The Treasurer shall keep the funds
of the Society, ana disburse them under the or
der of the President dr a Vice-President when
aoting in his place, and shaltmake a report of
fiis receipts and dinbursment at the spring an
nual meeting The Treasurer shall pay no or
der that is not couutersigned by the Recording
Secretary. He shall be required to give a
bond in a sum satisfactory to the President,,
to bei approved by the -' Executive- Committee.
The Secretary shall take charge of, distribute
or preserve alt Heeds, plants, books, models,
specimens in mineralogy or natnral history,
which may be; transmitted to. f the Society p
shall have charge of all communications design
ed or calculated for publication ; and so far as
may be deemed proper shall collect, arrange
and publish the same, in snoh'maimer and form
as he may deem best calculated to promote the
objects and interests of the Society, by the 22d
day of February of each jear. He shall also
keep a neat and perfect record of the acts and
doings of tho Annuul Conventions or Extraor
dinary Sessions of the Society, and aot as Sec
retary to the Executive Committee, keepings
oorrect and neat record of their transactions,
and shall publish his records as dirooted by the
Executive Committee or the Society.
Art. 8. The annual Fairs of the Society
shall be held at such time and place as may be
determined by. the Executive.Committee. . . *
Art. 9. The Executive Committee shall, by
ballot, elect a Secretary and Treasurer, whose
term of office shall continue for three years,
but removable upon cause ; and the Executive
Statistics of Houston Connty.
Pebby, Ga., August 20, 1870. •
Editors Telegraph and Messenger: I send
you a few items from onr tax books for 1870, as
follows, to wit:
Number of white polls 882
Number of colored polls 2,454
Aggregate number of polls 3,336
Value of 355,486 acres of land....$2,013,046 00
Value of town property.
Value of merchandize........;
Value of stocks and bonds
Value of household and kitchen
furniture
Value of plantation implements...
Amount invested in merchandize.
Amount invested in ootton manu
factories.
Value of all other property.
Aggregate value $3,528,886 00
Value of freedmen’s lands and
town property 16,545 00
Aggregate value of. freedmen’s
property 53,237.00
248,915 00
92,785 00
61,307 00
i 19,550 00
3,400 00
92,785 00
50,000 00
. 591,638 00
Aggregate value of whole prop- - 3 #4
erty returned. $8,582^23 DO
isfj \.b*a JtUaai lx Houston, Sebx6b.
Good By*, John!—^Two hundze^ ^ ^j
Richmond, Va., negroes emigrated to Boston
last week.
whatsoever; that when we might have gained
some advantage in a local contest by shamming
German we were accused of a French bias; that,
when that circumstance was removed and there
was no longer any motive for our leaning to
wards Prussia, we were charged with deserting
a cause which we had distinct'y refused to make
our own ; in short, that we have given the news
as we received it, without undertaking to play
the censor or interpreter, being superior to
demagogic considerations of every sort.
We may say that experience has taught ns to
place small confidence in current newspaper
criticism upon military events. But a crisis
seems to have been reached in the struggle;
and as we happen to have in onr possession
some facts which may bring a certain pressure
to bear npon the events immediately iii front of
ns, we shall not be charged with a violation of
onr promise and duty as a neutral if we place
them before our readers. We shall do so along
with such free and unrestrained comments as
they suggest.
The equivocal position of England has been
observed. The secret treaty, wiiiofioreated so
much ado in Parliament, suddenly .disappeared
from British counsels and ceased to excite the
government. Now’ we learn that England is se
riously alarmed at the progress of the Prussians,
nud it is not unlikely that she may espouse the
cause of Natoleon. Thereby bangs a tale.
It must be evident to any one who will care
fully read over the correspondence between
Lord Augustus Loftus, British Envoy at Berlin,
uud Lord Lyons, British Envoy at Pans, and
the Prussian and French Governments,--respec
tively, that both Bismarck and Napoleon were
originally “spoiling for a.fight.” . But from
different inspirations. Bismarck seems to have
been.moved by his ambition and his confidence;
Nupoleou by necessity. The real peace-maker
was King William. That grand old man, simple-
hearted and brave, having neither passion to de
lude him nor ambition to misguide, sincerely
desired to prevent a resort to arms. He seems
to have joined heartily in the effort to.'avert
bloodshed, which was precipitated by exactions
from Paris of such an extraordinary nature that
nothing short, of the pressure of necessity can
explain them. England stepped aside, there
fore, to let'thd armies pass, chagrined by her
failure to keep the peace and mortified and :
angry at the treatment she" had received from
Napoleon. Then Bismarck sprung his seoret
treaty, which raised a much-ado in Parliament,
and then, of a sudden, disappeared.
There are reasons for this, and we may yet
see the curious spectacle of the conqueror and
jailer of the great Bonaparte interposing to save
the Napoleonic dynasty from destruction.
A little unwritten history bears on this point.
Thirty-fivo years ago, when LouisNapoleon was
making his home m England, he became very
closely intimate with an English nobleman of
extraordinary personal attractiveness and diplo
matic genius; - a rising leader of the House of
Commons; an under Secretary in the Cabinet
of the period; a man of fashion, a man about
town, and an enthusiastic student of politics
and Paul de Kock. There was, among many
congenialities which united- the two ambitions
young statesmen, one powerful bond of fellow
ship. Tneir one weakness was woman; 'their
one vice was gallantry. They did not gamble.
They were not intemperate. Bat they had'“ran
together they were bosom cronieB in senti
ment and sensuality; they had the back ehtre at
the Alhambra; were habitues of Cremorne and
Vauxhall; and, in short, were about as' “fast”
a couple as might be expeoted of a Prince full
of fairy visions and a lord full of ambitious
schemes. Of oourse we refer to the late Vis
count Palmerston. It was Palmerston who, be
ing Premier of England, made that : famous
treaty of allianoe with Napoleon, when Empe
ror of the French, which startled tho world,
which created a distrustful laugh all over
Europe, but which, being founded in one
of tho most romantic and curious stories
which tho annals of human: friendship afford,
held fast and olose .93 long as Lo^d Ptafiperston
lived. It wa3 Palmerston who, twenty-five
years before, had founded this perfectly natural
and safe compact between two rival nations
whilst wandering about the streets of London
at midnight humming French songs with Prince
Louis; dining at Richmond on chops and sup
ping at La Belle Sauvage on shrimps and ohsm-
pagne ; luxuriating morning, noon and night
■with sham countesses and psuedo wives In the
mysterious purlieus of St. John’s Wood. It is
believed to have been Palmerston who intro
duced the youthfal Bonaparte to the famous
Mrs. Howard; and it was oertainly Mrs Howard
who, inspired by Palmerston’s confidence and
what appears to have been, on her part, a gen
uine affection for Louis, furnished the money
for the raid on Boulogne and the electioneering
expenses in 1848. She remained the friend ol
Louis Napoleon and Palmerston to the last.
She was not dazzled by tbe delusion of a hope
less orown in 1852 • bnt, being * mtnw of
sense as well as force of character, it is said
that, still prompted by Palmerston, who was
her confidant as well as the friend of her para
mour, the Emperor, she urged the latter’s mar
riage with the daughter of old Montijo. At that
time Napoleon, rebuffed by all the courts of Eu
rope and very much attached to Eugenie, whom
he had assaiied, it is reported, with very differ
ent but equally fruitless proposals, was morti
fied and suing to a sort of desperation. .Old
Montijo was a dreadful old vestal, living in
apartments overlooking the plaoe Vendome ;
but Eugenie, a beauty and religious devotee,
and a pet of the Pope, was a sort of link be-
Franoo overrun by Prussia. The overthrow: of
Napoleon may bring about a Prusse-Franco
alliance before which the English interest in
Belgium would not be worth a farthing candle ;
and, after this fashion, we maybe presented
with the curious spectacle of seeing the power
that destroyed Napoleon come to the rescue of
the Napoleonic dynasty.
WarNoles.
The French have always been clamoring for
the natfirid frontier between Franoe and Ger
many, Ibis very likely now that the Germans
will, at-last, comply with their demand by re
establishing the ancient natural boundary, the
Vosges mountains, between the Gaul and the
Teuton. 1 ->»un
Committee shall fix the salaries and define the tween the Empire and Vatican. Palmerston')
duties of these officers. idea seems to have been to bolster Napoleon
Art. 10. The Executive Committee shall make with. Catholicism, and it is not unlikely that
an annual report of its action, through its pre- he looked with disfavor oii a royal marriage.
Biding officer, at its annual meeting; this aotion During this period, 0s in foot during bis entire
’ “ — " ““ - * «a; ttM: V.' j fn - V ' 4- - r '~T n I oa PHOntia* kor waa nfliiMi Ist'DawIw J MMaJ
of the Executive Committee shall be subject to
the approval of the Society, in Convention.
Art. IL At all elections held, by the Execu
tive Committee, under the provisions of this
Constitution, the persons receiving the greatest
number of votes, shall be declared elected. :
Art. 12. Each County Society represented in
this Society shall be required to forward,
through its proper officer, 6Uoh sum of money
as the Executive Committee shall assess upon
its membership, this sum not to exceed 50o per
capita of the membership. u .-ut loleelaffou
;Art{ 13. The Constitution shall go into force
at onae, except so much thereof as applies to
reign as Premier, he was often in Paris,: some
times as a tourist, but always the private guest
of the Emperor. Louis waa dispirited and in
love ; and, again to the surprise of every -one
(his career has been a series of- surprises), he
married the beautiful Montijo. It proved a suc
cess. He put himself by the: alliance fit - the- '
head of Catholic Europe, got the woman of his
choice, and a good wife into the bargain, and
the arrangement has worked Hke a charm ever
tdfiKiwtai000,8then to mo jurojUt
- Thus it will be seen that; as -a sort of protege
and then as a friend and finally as an ally of
Lord Palmerston, Louis Napoleon has beta all
the regulations of the Executive Committee | along* quasi dependent on Engita<i. It was m
made for the conduct of tho Pair of 1870,
Art. 14. This Constitution shall be amended
or altered by a vote of two-thirds of the mem
bers present at any annual meeting of the So-
ciety in convention,fup<}ix>:aae'year's'nptiab in
writing.,Tfi 9& ao ekaobala xol fiessqo *d fbi
Strength cur th» U» S. NAV-x.-rr-The United
States navy, at .present^ consist of 184.
half knowledge of the facts ttfatfed which caused
fhe explosion when Bifimarek 'unearthed the:
secret treaty; and Napoleon,^who doubtless has
the ear of Mr. Disraeli as well as Mr. Gladstone,
to say nothing of other private and personal
means of reaching an uudemandiDg, must- hare
made some satisfactory explanation, Md peotor :
bly, operating upon the reciprocal idea which
lies at the bottom of ail dipkunatio Ctetriranee,
... , .‘o-:.' hnn
51 of wmch are ircn-clads. OX tbe whole g^zUiagenoies which either haye or *re about to
be? 73 only are inactive service, the, -othersbe-
g# thre 1 y SW v->-'9-‘- ~ fi “ *“ “ fl “ rcrTT
Dictator, Saugus at
attached to the North Atlantic Fleet.
arrive. At all events, in view of these antece
dents and the private relatione Which Louis Ns- -
inffi-altf aiyekep* qp with tla*
1, he is the safest man in Fi
"and, which can afford neither to lei
upon the French administration nor to see
Though forty years have elapsed since the
Conquest of Algeria by Franoe, the coloniza
tion of this country so famous in antiquity for
its fertility and high cultivation, has made but
little progress under French rule. And whilo
tbe Paris press assures us that a great many
Arab chieftains have offered their services
against Germany, the Government has been
obliged to declare Algeria in a state of seige,
the conquered natives threatening to rise again
when the French vessels, carrying the greater
part of the Algerian troops home, have: hardly
set sail for France. coTho faot is that the Latin
races have never succeeded in colonizing ; only
the Saxons have founded mighty and prosper
ous Empires, while the Latin colonies remain
either stationary or in a 1 ohronio state of anar
chy. -.
Everybody is surprised at the inactivity of
the French fleet. The'German papers ascribe
it to"their inability of doing great mischief.—
The whole ooaat of - Germany seems to be in a
better state of defense than the French were
aware of. General Vogel Von Falckenstein,
whose name has become famous for his rapic,
movements in the Austrian war, is the com
mander of the forces on the Baltic. He is said
tp have organized the most perfect telegraphic
system, so that the appearance of the French
fleet, at any point of the coast, will be known
to him in the course of a few minutes. There
are only: a few places where a landing might be
attempted. These have been secured as much
as possible by torpedoes and the removal of all
beacons, lights, etc. Only small boats might dis
embark troops here, without, however, being
protected by the cannons of the vessels riding
at anchor on the high sea. It is said, Von
Falckenstein would like to see a French land
ings because he counts upon cutting off the
enemy’s retreat and Crushing the whole coma
with his superior.foroes.
For the first time since the battle of Pavia, in
1525, all German States are once more united
against Franoe. In that battle, Francis I, King
of France, was defeated and made a prisoner
by Charles V, Emperor of Germany.
The bitter lessons of the past have not bean
thrown away upon the German. A great race
of fifty millions in the centre of Europe, who
had held the ■ first place iu Christendom when
Italy,; Spain and Russia were mere geographical
terms, had lost their place in the councils of na
tions by having become divided against itself.
The German mind fondly dwelling on the glo
rious times of the German empire, has dreamed
of German unity with a kind of religious feel
ing ever since the glory of the nation had de
parted. Various ways have been advocated to
fulfill these national aspirations. The “German
Bund” imposed upon the nation by the crafty
Prince-of Metternich at the Congress of Vienna
to secure Austria’s supremacy iu Germany, was
a miserable fabric and only perpetuated Ger
man discord.' The revolution of 1848 proved a
failure. Frederic 'William IV., King of Prus
sia, declined the imperial crown offered to-him
by tbe nation, because Nicholas I., Emperor of
Russia, whose influence was then almighty in
German, interposed his veto. We do not think
that the KiDg would even have have been able
to sustain his' new dignity for a long .time.
The Southern Germans, who are generally
of a more idealistic turn of mind than their
Northern brethren, have advocated a voluntary
confederation of States. We confess tbe idea
is beautiful, but impracticable. The'Gennan
Princes, with large armies at their disposal
would never consent to resign voluntarily a part
of their sovereign right for the benefit of the
common country, as the thirteen American col
onies did when they founded the. United States
of America. It has, then, become apparent to
every' patriotic German whose mind is not
thoroughly prejudiced by shallow, petty, and
narrow opinions, that one great State must take
the lead in the national movement, just as Italy
was made by the kingdom of Piedmont under
the great Cavonr. Prussia Mono has shown
herself capable of giving the national aspira
tions a practical turn.
In this moment all German tribes are cheer
fully sustaining Prussia, because she has drawn
the sword'to defend the honor and integrity of
the Fatherland. The Southern States have
cast in their lot with the North German Confed
eration, not for tho love of Prussia, but because
Ihey know that the triumph of France would re
sult m another dismemberment of their! com
mon country, and the loss of the Rhineland to
Germany. Asia all times of great common
danger, party and minor questions are forgotten
for the present “No more shall the iron heel
of an insolent conqueror tread upon Ger-
ound,” is the universal cry of all Ger-
ho are fighting, not for King William or
Prussia, but lor the independence and integrity
of, their native land. Bitter experience has
taught them that what they most urgently need
titfhmity, whioh. will conduct then) fit lost to
freedcn»*ii,D - Mq ol vuiano XisJoo. Jabno.
^tio • ■ WS.-..-2 -3U.-:
fcxperiiheiitA with Torjledon.
A war correspondent was present the other
day at Brest daring soma trials with torpedoes,
and beheld the action of one of those subma
rine monsters on a nautical “screw,” which was
plaeed in position for the purposes of the ex
periment. The old vessel was moored over a
torpedo .'Containing) about six hundred pounds
of pctdrfWj ljiog,at a depthof-torty feet French,
say fifty English feet When the explosion
took place the condemned craft was first of all
neariy lifted out of the sea, and then a power
ful je^ of water pierced it aa if an- anormoos
projectile had passed through kneel and decks,
and rose to a height of some sixty feet. But
fox the empty. Casks, with which the ship was
lsgenJit would Immediately hate gone to the
bottom. It must riot be supposed, however,
says the writer, that all the danger in the ex-
f the torpedo is represented by this
water, which destroys-as it rises and
inundates as it falls. A no leas terrible effect
is produced by the gas generated by the pow
der, which, in searching an issue, escapes from
the water in sharp blades, whioh nothing can
resist. Beams measuring more than six square
feet hive been cut through as with a saw. We
then find that gunpowder is found to answer
better for torpedoes than pierate of potassium,
nitre-glycerine or gun option.
A Game of Poker on the Cara.
A traveling correspondent of the Courier-
Journal tells the following story of a game of
railroad poker he saw played reoentlyl.
We were soon enlivened by the appearance of
a Cincinnati sport en route for the springs, and
a Louisville clothier going to New Orleans, who
began to play a lively game, twenty-five cento
ante, and no limit at all. Our sympathies were
soon arrayed on the side of Louisville, who
played a square game, and against Cincinnati,
who rung in all the foul tricks he knew. Louis
ville was a little dark-haired, bright-eyed
a German and a Jew, but as honest as day.
Cincinnati was a big, red-faced mustechio,
pretty sharp, and thoroughly unscrupulous.
When Cincinnati had won about three hun
dred dollars, one of us took Louisville aside
and told him what was going on, while another
stuck an ace up one sleeve'and a king up the
other
“Now," Baid they, “he’s been cheating you
from the first, and, if you want to get even, you
must do as we tell you.”
Louisville said he would.
They told him to wait until he got two aoea or
two kings; then to ‘fetch down one of the odd
cards from his sleeve, and to “go in.”
The very next hand he got four kings.
■ They began to bet. Cincinnati saw his ton
and went five better. Louisville went fifty bel
ief. Cincinnati raised him a hundred. Louis
ville came to time and added fifty to it. Cin
cinnati responded and put on a hundred more.
Louisville said, “I’m in," and called i»™
There were nearly seven hundred dollars on the
table, and Cincinnati laid down four aces.
Louisville raked the money in his lap and laid
dovnjite-kings/ - v v .~^:o g:.;.:.
“Why,” says Cincinnati, “that’s barefaoed.
swindling.”
“Swindlin’ pe damn,” says Louisville, “It's
pen swindlin’ all de time,” bringing hiB fist
down fiat.
“Gain, Israel,” says a voice.
“Well,” says Cincinnati, rising, “I think I’ll
just fight on that.” _ _
“Oh,_my Abednego,” says another voice.
Bnt little Lonisville rose up, and poking out
his-neck arid his hand as far as they would j
reach, , he says: “Fight, is it? Fight! Py.
Gods I fight you mit de bowie knife, mit de.
pistol, mit de derringer, mit de Colt’s navy, mit
de gun, mit de sword, mit de cannon, or mit de
damn’d old musket mit de bayonet! I fights ;~n
you mit anyding, an’ I fight you right now.
Vich you choose ?”
Cincinnati concluded he wouldn’t fight. 'He
said the crowd was against him, declared he
couldn’t get fair play, and got off at the next
station'. '
f
hr,
The North Carolina Election.
The movement for setting aside the election
in North Carolina has been initiated in foroe.'~
The New York Tribune, of the IGth, publishes
the following dispatch:
Washington, Aug. 16, 1870.
A delegation pf Republicans have arrived
here from North Carolina, and intend to pro
ceed North to lay before members of Congress
and others the condition of affairs in that titate
and the attitude of the colored men. The mem
bers of the delegation are vouched for by trust-.
worthy authority as being wholly responsible,
and that their statements are entitled to fall
oredit. They have also a mass of evidence, go
ing to show in what manner the election in that
State was carried by the Ku-Klux organization.
Col. Geo. M. Arnold, who comes direct from*
Wilmington and Raleigh, says that Gov. Holden
is accumulating authenticated testimony in re
gard to the outrages in that State, and that he
will arrive here with Senator Abbott next week,
to lay tha facts before the President and Secre
tary of War. They will urge the continuance
of the military in the State to aid in the arrest
and punishment of criminals, the number of '
whom enables them to defy the civil processes.
An effort will also be made in Congress to set
the election aside, as it is clearly shown that
25,000 colored menin the State, owing to bodily
injnry, threats and intimidation, were kept from
the polls. The most appaling crimes were com
mitted, crimes which in atrocity have never -
been equaled in the annals of history, exoept by
savages on tho Plains; and there is the most
convincing evidence of the cruelties of the out
laws, not only to men but to women, white and
black, already iu the hands of the Governor.
On election day, in the 4th; 5th, 6th and 7th
Congressional Districts, it was represented that
there was no pretense of holding a fair election
in some of the districts; that colored men were
openly mobbed, their lives threatened, and a
reign of terror overspread the whole colored
population. Gov. Holden believes that Federal
troops are still necessary to preserve the pub
lic peace and protect loyal men, and with the
Republican Congressmen from that State, will
urge the President to continue all the troops
now in that State, at least until Congress assem
bles in December.
The South may as well make up her mind
that every election in which the Radicals are
defeated will beset aside by the Federal Govern
ment ; but this should only nerve ns to more
vigorous efforts to vote them down persistently
as often as an opportunity to go to the polls is
Xorittera aa« SaatiMra BenatwaUial tbe
tlanoq ct .-tipulf..:. ol
■ ale c. tOerreapqariwnoa N. Y. HarakL |
This season a larger number! of visitors have
already arrived than at any time siaca the war.
The cottages are nearly all occupied,, and dur-
ing the day the lawns and parlort and at night-
fati the ball-rooms are thronged with “beauty
and chivalry.” . I have observed since hare
many of the noted personages of ths South, ia-
eluding Davis and Toombs, and everywhere the
best feeling, nut only among, themselves, but
toward the Northern visitor*. I mention Toombs,
because in particular he ; seems to realize the
situation arid heartily to make the best of it
Whatever he has been he to thoroughly the mas
of the pieaeat, and mixasap, langba and tells
the be»» Meritor even thenagh arr olcf associate
may obme infor*n oocaaiopal hit
A Dastardly Ouiue*.—Jfmphis, August
l,8.~Maior Brantley, of Winona, Mississippi,
was assassinated Thursday night, white sitting
riesrt 4hat tooh'tihi0e,:itf tbe midat of his
ijAi !*•**.• mg fining w»e, hi
>e assassin fired a charge o:
Affairs in EnfanlSt^ to i
Editors Telegraph and Messenger: 1
There is, perhaps, no plaoe in the South with
brighter prospects for advancement in oornmen-
cial importance than. Eufaula. Situated in s
region So noted for its fertility, and having so
many enterprising capitalists in her midst she
could not but beoome a mart of considerable
trad*, even if her greet railroad schemes shook}
never be consummated, "* 64 * K * S - -
The Vicksburg and Eufaula Railroad has been
graded to a point near Clayton, and the oriri-
fractors are pushing the wort forward with
much energy. A large number of workmen are
now engaged in turning topey turvy the hill
near the depot, tor the purpose of connecting
the neiw track with the Southwestern Railroad.
From Maj. Griffin, a contractor on the Mont
gomery and Eufaula Road, I learn that that im
portant enterprise is being rapidly pushed to
wards completion. The grading has boen ad
vanced to a point ten miles south of Union
Springs. The road will be completed in about
twelve months.'
I notice quite a number of buildings going
up in tbe city. The Baptists and Presbyterian
denominations are each erecting oommodtouu
and impoefiiDg housesof worship, and the Epis
copal Church is being enlarged and much im
proved. Several ooetly private residences are
being erected in various parts of the city.
The Chewalla House has lately been thor
oughly renovated and refitted. It to now under
tile management of Mr. T. H. McCormick, a
gentleman well known' to the public as a peer-
lese caterer and a polite, attentive, efficient
landlord. Wszuw,
St. Lours Law School.—The nett regular
term of this Law Sehool will open ea elsewhere
advertised, Wednesday, October 12th, 1870.
This announcement is well worthy of the atten
tion of those who desire to prepare for success
ful practice at. the bar. The faculty, six in
number, consists of Judge Treat, of the TJ. B„
District Court, Judge Madilfc af Aha Ha- T.lri.
Circuit Court, Judges Krem esd Beber, and
SXd&srs. Albert Toady
Alex. Martin. altof whum, eithez on tb* b*noh
or. at t}ie bar of St Louie, are ecu l in the
daily study and application of
From the aevero :*w
for a 4«gree in the law school acre required.to
pass,, and. the high reputation
as well as from the nnn«n*l
inaoiiy like St LouULtoT
the practice as well as tho to
rrt&rbe'doubted thaf thtoto- _ „
Washington University, both■jfc r v-vito*
receive rtejpa rage Mthiifb ao tofgatw'IM.' -
•towed by Westarnetudenta : upep tow ? fSSg
, ijr t ir-' , -TYininaal .
4MRFutis country <
taliste to invest in sunk aa enterprise.
