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YOUTHS' DEPARTMENT.
ENIGMA No. 51.
I am composed of 22 letters :
My 11, 5, 20, 13, 8,2, 10, is the name
of a King of England. .
My 0. 18, 13, 20, 21, is the name of
some Islands on the western eoast of Ire
land.
My 16, 17, 9,1, is the name of an
American animal.
My 4, 20, 18, 12, is the name of a
fish.
My 6,3, 20, 21, 22, is a nautical
term.
My whole is the name of a good Priest
in Georgia, beloved by all who know
hi m . Richard C.
Answer next week.
Macon, Ga., 1868.
ENIGMA No. 52.
I am composed of 18 letters :
My 1,4, 14, is something precious.
My 8, 13, 16, 11, 5, is one of the
elements.
My 12, 6, 14, is something salty.
My 7,2, 1,9, 7, is lawful.
My 14, 17, 7,2, is an animal.
My 15, 9, 18, is an utensil.
My 14, 6,5, is to disturb.
My 16, 12, 9, 16, is a demonstrative
pronoun.
My whole is the name of a prominent
man in South Carolina. H. S,
x\uswer next week.
Charleston , S. C ., 1868.
ENIGMA—No. 53.
GEOGRAPHICAL.
I am composed of 48 letters :
My 19, 20, 41, 30,12, 35, is a country
of Asia.
My 23, 27, 38, 48, is a river ancient
and celebrated.
My 6, 39, 12, 4,4, 24, 15, 5,40, 29,
32, 8, is the name of a mountain range.
My 30, 33, 38, 14, 40, 27, 29, is a
Republic of South America.
My 9,2, 46, 42, 3, is a river of
France.
My 25, 18, 38, 45, 17, 23, is a County
of New York.
My 30, 36, 32, 7, 24, 18, is a Lake of
Louisiana.
My 13, S, 47, 1, 29, 37, 46, 44, 8, is
an island off the coast of California.
My 30, 26, 41, 43, 11, 19, 36, 15, is
an English watering place.
My 28, 46, 22, 32,17, 40,8, is a Pro
vince of Spain.
My 16, 39, 34, 41, 38, 3L, is an Island
in the Mediterranean Sea.
My 40, 21, 22, 32, 48, is a Cape on
the western coast of Africa.
My 44, 31, 32, 15, 3, 31, is a City in
Australia.
My 6, 38, 14, 43, 17, is a County in
Ireland.
My 32, 3, 34, 8,19,18, 22, is a County
of Georgia.
My whole was an expedition, the results
of which were that a considerable amount
of geographical knowledge was attained.
Kappa.
Answer next week.
Answers to Last Week’s Enigmas,
Etc — To Enigma No. 48.—Rev. Wm.
Gross — Air— Grass— Mania — Rose—
Rome— Love —Am—Ear—Seive—Lee
—Ella.
To Enigma No. 49.—“ Taxation with
out Representation” — Rat— Peter— Hat
Axe —Sour —Tin— Harp Winter—
Hour—Ant —Not.
To Enigma No. 50.—'“The Conquered
Banner”—Hand—Tea—Ear — Quartan
—Une—Nahaut —Date—Cornet—Baton.
To Rebus.-- 1 Can’t put coal on, there
is such a hyphen der” (high fender.)
To P. J. M., Nashville, Tenn.—Your
Enigmas have not been published, be
cause they do uot work out according to
the figures used. Our little friend should
get someone to explain how to arrange
his figures to correspond with the answers,
and then “ try, try again.”
Kappa—Your second Enigma has only
46 letters, yet calls for 47. It will not
work out with 46.
Answers by Correspondents. — U. A.
P. t Augusta, Ga., to Ist Charade injNo.
22; to Enigma No. 43; E. 11. N., Sa
vannah, Ga., to Enigma No. 45 ; “ The
Young Squire of the Ilogi Mogis,” Mont
gomery, Ala., to Rebus in No. 23; R. C.
8., Macon, Ga., to Euigma No. 46 ; J. F.
H., Macon, Ga., to Enigma No. 4<;
Mary W., Macon, Ga, to Enigma No
46.
The Unitarian Minister at Swampscott,
a hymn by Dr. Watts, that, as he entirely
Mass., on Sunday said, before reading
disbelieved one line, and thinking his
hearers would also, he requested them in
singing to substitute, as others had done,
“How weak and frail we arc,” for “What
worthless worms we are.”
The Children.
The following beautiful poem wa9 written by Charles
Dickens :
■When the lessons aud tasks are all ended,
And the school for the day is dismissed,
And the little ones gather around me,
To bid me good-night and be kissed;
O ! tho Uttle white arms that encircle
My neck in a tender embrace,
O! the smilest hat are halos of Heaven,
Shedding sunshine of love on my face.
And when they are gone, I sit dreaming
Os my childhood, too lovely to last;
Os love that my heart will remember,
While it wakes to the pulse of the past,
Ere the world and its wickedness made me
A partner of sorrow and sin;
When the glory of God was about me,
And the glory of gladness within.
O! my heart grows weak as a woman’s,
And tho fountains of feeling will flow,
When I think of the paths steep and stony,
Where the feet of the dear ones must go;
Os the mountains of sin hanging o’er them.
Os the tempest of Fate blowing wild;
O! there’s nothing on earth half so holy
As the innocent heart of a child!
They are idols of hearts and of households;
They are Angels of God iu disguise;
His sunlight still sleeps in their ti’esses;
His glory still gleams in their eyes.
Oli! those truants from home and from Heaven,
They have made me more manly and mild!
Aud I know now how Jesus could liken
The Kingdom of God to a child!
I ask not a life for the dear ones,
All radiant, as others have done,
But that life may have just enough shadow
To temper the glare of the sun;
I would pray God to guard them from evil,
But my prayer would bound back to myself;
Ah ! a Seraph may pray for a sinner,
But a sinner must pray for himself.
The twig is so easily bended,
I have banished the rule and the rod;
I have taught them the goodness of knowledge,
They have taught me the goodness of God;
My heart is a dungeon of darkness,
Where I shut them from breaking a rule;
My frown is sufficient correction;
My love is the law of the school.
I shall leave the old house iu the Autumn,
To traverse its threshold no more;
Ah I how shall I sigh for the dear ones,
That meet me each morn at the door !
I shall miss the “good nights” and the kisses,
And the gusli of their innocent glee,
The group on the green, and the flowers,
That are brought every morning to me.
I shall miss them at morn and at eve—
Their song in the school and the street;
I shall miss the low Imm of their voices,
Aud the tramp of their delicate feet,
Wheu the lessons are all ended,
And Death says, “The school is dismissed!”
May the little ones gather around me.
To hiit me good niglit aud be Mood.
Prepared for tlio Banner of the South by Uncle Buddy.]
FAMILIAR SCIENCE.
H FIAT —CONTINUED.
Watering the streets and roads cools
them, because they part with their heat
to promote the evaporation of the water
sprinkled on them.
A shower of rain will cool the air in
the Summer time, because the wet earth
parts with its heat to promote evapora
tion: and, when the earth is cooled, it
cools the air also.
Linen is dried by being exposed to the
wind, because the wind, or currents of
air, accelerate evaporation, by removing
the vapor from the surface of the wet
linen as fast as it is formed. And it is
dried sooner in the open air than in a
confined room, because the currents of
air cause the particles of vapor to be
more rapidly removed from the surface
of the linen by evaporation.
Wet Summers are generally succeeded
bv cold Winters, because the great
evaporation carried on through the wet
Summer reduces the temperature of the
earth lower than usual, aud produces
cold.
The Eastern and many of the Western
States are warmer and the Winters
less severe than formerly, because they
are better drained and better cultivated,
and, consequently, then* is less evapora
tion now than formerly.
Draining land promotes warmth, be
cause it diminishes evaporation ; in con
sequence of which less Meat is abstracted
from the earth. Cultivation increases the
warmth of a country, because :
Ist Hedges and belts of trees arc mul
* O
tiplied.
2d. The land is better drained ; and
3d. The vast forests are cut down.
Hedges and belts of trees promote
warmth, because they retard evaporation,
by keeping off the wind. You may ask,
then, if belts of trees promote warmth,
why do forests produce cold ? The
reasons are :
Ist. Because they detain and condense
the passing clouds;
2d. They prevent the access of both
wind aud sun ;
3d. The soil of forests is always cov
ered with long damp grass, rotting leaves,
and thick brushwood : and
4th. In every forest there are always
©F fffll §©Hl.
many hollows full of stagnant water,
which cause evaporation.
Long grass and rotting leaves promote
cold, because they are always damp ; and
the evaporation which they promote is
constantly absorbing heat from the earth
beneath.
France and Germany are warmer bow
than when the vine would not ripen there,
chiefly because their forests have been
cut down, and the soil is better drained
and cultivated.
Water ponds are often left dry in the
Summer time, because their water is
evaporated by the air. This evaporation
is produced and carried on by the heat of
the air changing the surface of the water
into vapor, which, blending with the air,
is soon wafted away ; and similar evapo
ration is repeatedly produced till the
pond ir left quite dry.
The wheels of some machines are
kept constantly wet with water, in order
to carry off, by evaporation, the heat
which arises from the rapid motion of the
wheels.
The surface of the ground is hardened
by the sun, because the moisture of the
ground is exhaled by evaporation, and
as the earthy particles are brought closer
together, the mass becomes more solid.
The wisdom of God is shown in this ar
rangement, in the fact that, if the soil
did not become crusty and hard in dry
weather, the heat and drought would
penetrate the soil, and kill both seeds and
roots.
Bread becomes hard after it has been
kept a few days, because the vapor and
gases escape, leaving the solid particles
dry, so that they collapse and become
more firm and hard.
Glue, gum, starch, and paste, arc adhe
sive, because the water used with them
rapidly evaporates, and leaves them
solid ; and they insinuate themselves so
intimately into the pores of the sub
stances with which they come in contact,
that when the water evaporates, the whole
is one solid mass. They lose their adhe
siveness when dissolved in water, and,
therefore, mustaiways be suffered to be
come dry before they will hold with
tenacity.
Tea is cooled faster in a saucer than in
a cup, because evaporation is increased
by increasing the surface, and as tea in a
saucer presents a larger surface to the
air, its heat is more rapidly carried off by
evaporation. It is also cooled by “con
vection.”
The vapor of the sea is not salt, be
cause the salt is always left behind in the
process of evaporation.
In hot weather, you will notice a white
crust appear upon clothes wetted with
salt water. This is the salt of the water
left in the clothes by evaporation. This
white crust always disappears in wet
weather, because the moisture of the air
dissolves the salt; in consequence of
which, it is uo longer visible.
Persons who take violent exercise
should not wear very thick clothing, be
cause it prevents the perspiration from
evaporation. When the heat of the body
is increased by exercise, perspiration
reduces the heat, by evaporation, to a
healthy standard; as thick clothing pre
vents this evaporation, it is injurious
to health.
Day laborers usually wear flannel next
to their body, even in hot weather, be
cause exercise promotes perspiration;
and, as flannel is a bad conductor of heat,
it prevents the evaporation of the
moisture from chilling the body, and re
ducing its heat below the healthy standard.
Lucifer matches will not ignite, if they
are damp, because :
Ist. The cold produced by tho evapo
ration of the water neutralizes the heat
produced by the friction of the match
across the bottom of the lucifer box ; and
2d. Because the damp prevents the
free accession of oxygen to the match,
without which it cannot burn.
Water in a very exposed place, will
freeze more rapidly than that which is
under cover, or in a place less exposed,
because :
Ist. Evaporation goes on more rapidly
when water is exposed, and carries away
heat from the general mass; and
2d. Any covering will radiate heat
into the water below, and prevent the
mass from cooling down to the requisite
temperature to cause congelation
Paint often blisters from heat, because
the heat penetrating through paint, ex
tracts some little moisture from the wood,
and turns it into vapor or steam ; as this
vapor requires room, it throws up blisters
in the paint to make room for its expand
ed bulk.
Flowers are more fragrant in damp
weather, because the volatile particles
which constitute the perfume ot the
flowers, are prevented, by the vapor ot
the air, from circulating freely through
the surrounding atmosphere. Many ot
U i e essential oils, and other volatile sub
stances, which produce odors in plants,
require the presence of much moisture
for their perfect development.
“ MAZEPPA,"
Byron’s “ Mazeppa,” like his “ Sarda
napalus,” is a historical character, and
this story, though beautifully enveloped
in poetry, is truthfully told. Mazeppa
was born about the year 1840, in Boland,
and descended from a noble family. In
his youth he was page to John Casimer,
who was both a lover of pleasure and a
devotee of the arts and literature, and by
this association Mazeppa had opportuni
ties, which he availed himself of, to ac
quire various accomplishments and ex
tended information. An intrigue was the
cause, as well of his early misfortunes,
as of his subsequent elevation. A fool
ish nobleman discovered that Mazeppa
had designs against his honor, and in re
venge bound him, naked, upon a wild
horse, aud sent him adrift into the wilder
ness. The horse was from the Ukraine,
and naturally directed his frightened
course towards that region. After con
siderable perilous travel, and in a state of
extreme exhaustion, some poor peasants
found Mazeppa, half dead, and by their
simple care and attention succeeded in
restoring him to life and vigor. He re
mained some time with them, and be
came pleased with their warlike, roving
life, while his dexterity, skill in all man
ly exercises, conspicuous courage and
strength, made him an especial favorite
with them. He held several important
posts in their simple Government, and
was eventually elected their Hetman.
This position brought him in communi
cation with Peter the Great, of Russia,
whose confidence he gained, and by
whom he was loaded with honors, aud
ultimately made Prince of the Ukraine.
Placed in this brilliant position, he be
came oblivious to the obligations of
gratitude. His restless ambition excited
him to abandon his allegiance to the Czar
in the hope of establishing for himself an
independent Monarchy. He joined
Charles the Twelfth, of Sweden, and
aimed by his assistance to unite the
Ukraine to the crown of Poland. Their
intrigues were at last revealed to Peter,
but he placed no confidence in the com
munication, and sent the accusers to Ma
zeppa to be used at his discretion, and
Mazeppa caused them to be summarily
executed. 1 ntrigue being no longer avail
able, Mazeppa dropped the mask he had
hitherto worn, openly joined Charles the
Twelfth, and took a prominent part in
the unfortunate campaign in the Ukraine.
After the defeat of Charles at Puitowa,
Mazeppa fled to Bender, where he died
1709.
Lord Byron commences his beautiful
poem immediately after the dark day at
Puitowa, when the erratic and heroic
Charles, with a faithful few, is seeking a
doubtful safety, by flight from the bloody
field. It is at the bivouac, while the
camp fires arc throwing their fitful glare
on the wild scene around, that the ex
hausted yet wakeful monarch calls upon
the veteran Hetman for the story of his
early life. “Os all our band,” he says,
“ Though firm of heart and strong of hard,
Iu skirmish, march, or forage, none
Can less have said or more have done
Then thee, “ Mazeppa! ”
Urged by the King, “ Mazeppa” tells
his story, which constitutes the substan
tial part of the poem, and which will al
ways be read with pleasure while our
language endures.— Home Weekly.
Saturday Night. Saturday night
makes people human, sets their heart to
beating softly, as they used to, before the
world turned them into war drums, and
jarred them to pieces with t'attofjs. The
ledger closes with a clash, the iron-doored
vaults come to with a bang; up go the
shutters with a will; click goes the key
in the lock. It is Saturday night, and
business breathes free again. Home
ward, ho! The door that has been ajar
all the week, gently closes behind him ;
the world is all shut out. Here arc his
treasures, after all, and not in the vault,
and not in the book—save the iecord in
the old Family Bible—and not in the
back.
May be you are a bachelor, frosty and
forty. Then, poor fellow, Saturday night
is nothing to you, just as you are nothing
to anybody. Get a wife, blue-eyed or
black-eyed, but above all, true eyed; get
a little home, no matter how little, and a
little sofa, just to hold two or two and a
half iu it, of a Saturday night, and then
read this paragraph by the light of your
wife’s eyes, and thank God, and take
courage.— Exchange.
——
A city exquisite having become agri
culturally ambitious, went in search of a
farm, and finding one for sale, began to
bargain for it. The seller mentioned, as
one of the farm’s recommendations, that
it had a very cold spring on it. “Ah—
aw,” said the fop, “I won’t take it then,
fjjjjye heard that the cold spring ruined
last year, and 1 don’t want a
place with such a drawback upon it.”
WIT AND_HUMOR.
A writ of error—a slip of the pen.
The common law—“keep off the grass.’’
The ties of travel—railway ties.
A light employment—candle-making.
The real benefit of clergy—a ; Bishop,
ric.
A killing beauty—a woman who laces
herself to death.
Sentimental aquatics—eyes swiminia*
ft
in tears.
Good men to attend, auctions—those
whose faces are forbidding.
Man who lias a turn for music—-an
organ-grinder. — Punch.
The Minister who boasted that he
could preach without notes didn t mean
bank notes.
Ephraim of the Boston Star, says that
young ladies who refuse good offers of
marriage are too, No-ing by half.
The hog may not be thoroughly posted
in arithmetic, but when you come to
square root he is there—the hog is.
“Will you have some grapes Monsieur
asked a gentleman of a Frenchman. “No
saire, I don't swallow my wine in za
shape of pills.”
A woman in Wisconsin says that when
her husband is a little drunk he kicks
her, and that when he is very drunk she
kicks him; and she adds that she does
most of the kicking.
A lady asked her little girl, on return
ing from church, if she remembered the
text. “O yes,” said she “it was this;
The Ladies’ Sewing Society will meet at
Mrs. So-and-so’s house on Monday eve
ning next.”
“Arms! give us arms,” is the cry of
the carpet-baggers. Wait till next No
vember, says the New York World,
and in the general and precipitate rush
of the Radical party towards Salt River,
lews will be more in demand than anus.
D
“Can you tell me,” asked a pompou
scbool-committee-man, of a modest little
girl, “why Nature did not make aspara
gus grow vi h each end equally succu
lent ? ” “Because, if it had, it would
have been impossible for man to hold it in
his fingers,” was the satisfactory reply,
John Randolph was one of the most
sarcastic men that ever lived. One time
a young man attempted to make his ac
quaintance. He obtained an introduction
aud among the first remarks, said :
“I passed by your house, lately, Mr
Randolph! ”
“I hope you always will! ’’was the reply.
Another one twitted him as to his
“want of education.”
‘ The gentleman reminds me,” sail
Randolph, “of the lands at the heads f
Montgomery, which are poor by nature
but ruined by cultivation.”
A friend of ours has two boys, aged
respectively six and eight years. The
younger was partaking largely of the good
things of this life at the dinner table, im
mediately on their return from Sabbat!.
School. The elder, after eyeing his
brother for some time, said, “Chadie, if
you were to eat much more, and it should
kill you, you would weigh so much that
the Angels could not carry you to
Heaven,” Little six year old hesitate!
for a moment, and then, looking u;,
replied, “Well, if they couldn’t do it aloco
God would send Sampson down t * L
them.”
A preacher not long since, discoui>L.g
to the boys in New Hampshire State
Reform School, upon the fact that ‘he
good were respected, while the bad v r
shunned, attempted to illustrate by saying
“Now, boys, when I walk on the stree* I
speak to some and not to others; wl. it
now makes the difference? ” supposing, o:
course, they would say, “Because s- ..
are good and some bad;” but he k -
much astonished to hear one little f •
sing out, “Because some are rich, and
some are poor.”
A good story was told us lately,
popular preacher in the town of P- —
in Pennsylvania, which we shall take ‘
liberty of reproducing. It appears n.
Minister had been wedded to an *'~-
wortby lady, whose first gift was a dowry
often thousand dollars, with the pro. ’--
of as much more upon the decease of
invalid parent. Shortly after nnrr ue,
while occupying the pulpit, lie chan • • ■ '
give out a hymn, the fifth verse of win'
commenced :
“Forever let my grateful heart."
—then adding: “The choir will om ‘ ' ;
His words paused—he coughed sign ..}
fifth verse,” sat down with something
a nervous haste. With curiosity ex •'g
at this conduct of their Minister
congregation smiled some as they 1 :
‘ ‘Forever let my grateful heart
His boundless grace adore,
Which gives tea thousand blessings •• ,v
And bids me hope for more.”