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Volume 1. THE UPSON PILOT, IS PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORN ING. a. A. MILLER, Editor and Proprietor, JAMES I*. HOOD, Publisher. Terms of Subscription. In advance, for 1 year, $2 00 If payment be delayed 0 months, ... 200 If delayed until tlie end of the year - - 300 Rates of Advertising. Advertisements will be charged at the rate of one Jnllar per square of ten lines or less, and fifty cents for ►ach subsequent insertion. Professional Cards, not exceeding ten lines, Will be iserled 12 months for sl2. Liberal contracts made with Merchants and others vishing to advertise by the year. For Announcement of Candidates $5, invariably in id vance. Marriages and Deaths inserted free, when accompa nied by a responsible name. Obituaries of over 10 les charged as Advertisements. Legal Advertising. Sales of Lands and Negroes, by administrators, Ex utors and Guardians, are required by law to be-held i the first Tuesday in the month, between the hours ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at the >urt House in the county in which the property is sit ited. Notices of these sales must he given in a piib gazette forty days previous to liic day of sale. Notice for the sale of personal property must he veil at least ten days previous to the day of sale. Notice 4.0 Debtors and Creditors ol an Estate must * published forty days. Notice that application will be made to the Court of rdinarv for leave to sell Land or Negroes, must be iblished weekly for two months. Citations for Letters of Administration must bo pub died thirty days—lor Dismission from Administlesion, lootbly six months—for Dismission from Guardian lip, forty days. Rules for Forecloi urc of Mortgage imp t be published it* ithly for four months —for establishing lost papers •<r the full sr.ace of three mouths —for competing ti : ut Adrjiir where Put- icatie .s will always be ee-ntir.ued according to io o, the legal ‘ equiremerits u de-s otherwise ordered t the following RATES: Citation on Letters of Administration, $2 50 “ Dismissory from Administration, 000 *’ “ “ Ottftrdiauship, 350 Leave to sell Land or Negroes, 5 00 Rales of personal property, 10 days, 1 sq. 1 50 Sales of land or negroes by Executors, 3 50 Estrays, two w eeks, 1 50 I<r Money sent by nihil is at the risk of the Editor, rovided, if the remittance miscarry, a receipt be cx iliited from the Post Master. |i>K< \ \ j ( 3ARPS P. W. ATTORNEY at law, THOM ASTON, GA. Inov2s—lv JAMES W. GREENE, attorney at law. THOM ASTON, GA. novlß—ly. , Warres. C. T - Goode. WARREN & GOODE, ATTORNEYS AT TAW, PERRY, HOUSTON CO., GA. novlS—tf A 0. MOORE, DENT I S T , TUOMASTON. GA. iFFIC'E over Dr. Thompson’s Store. My wortmsmy ’ Reference. nl ” G. A.Am.LER, attorney at law, TUOMASTON, GA. HI N CAR l HARDEMAN A GUI FEIN, lenlui’S in Staple Dry Goods and Groceries of every Description Corner of Cherry and Third Streets, MACON, GA. hrrjj would call the attention of the Planters of Up |f son and adjoining counties to the above Card. l>e ving we can iiuike it to their interest to deal with Macon, Ga., November 19,1858. r.0v25 ts. A. s7 BROOKS, Dealer in Family Groceries, THOM ASTON, GA., “EEPS constantly on hand a large stock of all kinds l of Family Groceries, Iron. Hollow \\ are, &.C., &0., and a few Liquors for the afflicted. Fruits and Oysters in season. pov -° 11 p@l Tt 0 ‘k L □ Public Schools—>lemoral. o the General Assembly of the State of Georgia : The undersigned Committee respectful represent that, at a large meeting of the iends of Public Education, held in At nta during the late exhibition of the Southern Central Agricultural Society,” lo following resolution, among others, as passed: “9. That a committee of five be appoin dby the Chairman of the. meeting, to ■(■pare and present a Memorial to iheLeg iatur© at its approaching Session, setting nli the claims of a general system of üblic Schools, as affording the only hope ever securing the great object iu view— ie education of all the children ot the tale.” Under this resolution, your memorialists ■re appointed, and they trust your body ill consider this sufficient authority for presentation of this memorial. We deem it unnecessary to argue upon ftths acltTK'wledged by nil—such as the benefits of a general diffusion of Education among the people—nor the duty of the State, as far as possible, as Parens Patriae —the mother of us all—in return for our allegiance and support, to give us protec tion and education. These truths are “in grain” in our fundamental law—woven by our forefathers-—and will never be repudi ated by us. Nor do we deem it necessary to inform your body of the fact, that the people of our State are aroused upon this important subject, and through public meetings—the Presentments of Grand Juries—the News paper Press, (that index of public feeling,) and every other known channel expressive of the Ponular will, are demanding loudly of your “Assembly to take some iniative steps toward the establishment of a more perfect system of General Education in our Htate. Nor do we deem it necessary, by argu ment or persuasion, to induce you —their Representatives—to carry out their will. But satisfied that you sympathze fully in the general sentiment of our State, we pro pose only, in obedience to the behests ot the respectable meeting by which we were j appointed, to submit for your com-idem- j tion a few reflections \ first upon our wants; | second, the feasibility of supplying those wants to a very great extent. And even in doing this we desire to disclaim anv in tention of trespassing upon your Legishn* live function—of devising the best plan to remedy existing evils. First. Our wants —These are compen diously summed up in the resolution un dor which we are appointed — the education of ad the chi dren of our State. That the ; present system fails to effect this object is I a iaci too well known to require reference o the census for proof. What are its de lects ? (We refer to the voluntary sys tem, and poor school system.) We men tion only a few : Ist. It can never reach a large number of children whose parents —too poor to pay —are too proud to take charity. This class is large , and will be, as long as the spirit of freedom burns strongly in their breasts. We will not amplify. We call upon your own observation for proof. 2d The miserable pittance paid fur tui tion out of the poor school fund can never command competent teachers. The sala ries of teachers in Georgia —“outside ot cit ies and towns —from our best information, will not average $l5O per annum in cash. The law of cause and effect applies here as elsewhere. We do not mean to condemn all who are thus engaged. Many are wor thy men and women. W e speak only of the necessary consequence of these facts. 3d. We mention as another drawback od our present system, the too frequent ab sence of anything like a comfortable house for school purposes. Some ruined hut, a- j ban doned as tenant able, is too oiten eon- \ sidered good enough tor a school house. 4th. A general result of all these and ; other causes is the absence of all pride on j the part of patrons in tlie school—the in-j troduction of private Teachers in the fam ilies of the wealthy, and the congregation in the towns of the children ot those not willing to indulge in the expense ot a Pri vate Teacher, and still more unwilling to be satisfied with the country school. Need we argue these points ? Who de nies their truth ? What, then, is our want ? A system w’hicli shall remedy these defects, avoiding others. A school to which the children of the poorest citizen shall he sent, without submitting parent or child to the jeei ot pauperism” A tocher who shall be. able to impart solid and useful instruction — sufficient to prepare our youth for the ac tive business ot life. School houses which shall awaken a feeling of pride in c\er\ j neighborhood, and cause the richest to feel j that no private teaching can afford equal ; advantages to the common school; and thus bring together, on a common plat- j form, the children of all classes of comrnu- ; nities. To effect these objects, we must | have Free Public Schools in every School | District in Georgia. In “the language of our resolution, this “is the only hope of\ ever securing the great chR.”. i . I So universal is the admission, that tins is an object devoutly to be wished, if prac- j tie-able , that we will not tax you with fur- ] thcr argument to show this to be our great . ° want. m We come, then, to the second and far most important inquiry i Is such a system | of Common schools practicable in Geor gia ? Two very grave difficulties are sug gested, eacli deserving calm consideration. hfne is the sparse population in mam poi tions of our State —especially those cotton growing regions occupied by extensile plantations. The other is the necessity for very considerable funds annually for the support of so large a number of Teachers. As to the first, we say, to some extent, this is a very formidable difficulty in many parts of our State, and that, in that por tion indicated above, it may prove a con stant obstacle in the way of a thorough es tablishment of this plan. But we suggest, that the increasing population annually bringing into cultivation more and moie ot the wasto lands of our StaF. will each a ear “THE UNION OF THE STATESDISTINCT, LIKE C.N’E, LIKE THE SEA.” TUOMASTON. GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER % 1853. I diminish the number of localities thus un -1 fortunately situated. And that the pros pect of securing a good school for their | children w ill induce immigration and set tlement on lands up to this time unmar ketable, in part, on account of the absence of educational facilities. Such, we have been informed, has been the result of this system upon the sparsely settled portions of our sister State of Ken tucky, and such seems to us to be a con clusion rational and philosophical. But we remark, again : Admitting the full force of this objection, shall the State refuse to extend the benefits of this system over vastly the major part of her Toi-i-itm-v, tar cause of the inability of certain portions to avail themselves of its blessings—especial ly (as will be seen hereafter) when it is proposed ‘that all taxation for this purpose shall be imposed only upon those inhabit ing the Districts benefitted thereby? It seems to us that there can be but one ans wer to a proposition so plain. Let us do all that we can —extend the system as far as practicable—perfect its operations-—just so far as our institutions and condition al low, and not be staggered at the outset by the distant tops of some apparently impas sable mountains. For a long time, this objection was held to extend over every Slave-holding State, and the palpable reasonableness of it, to some extent, drove good and great men from all effort in favor of common schools. But tlie successful establishment of the system in Kentucky and Tennessee, and the rapid strides which are being made in the same direction in other Southern States, have convinced thinking men that too much force lias been allowed to that objection. The other difficulty suggested is the waitt of means to carry out so grand a project. Have we the means ? We have at pres ent a school fund, the annual income of which is distributed under the poor school j law, amounting to the sum of “ $30,000 From the profits of the State Poad, either immediately, or from tiie ultimate working of Gov. Brown’s plan, or from the interest on its proceeds if sold —which ever may be adopted by your body—we can obtain an additional sum of “ “ “ 220,000 Making an annual increase of $250,000 j Distributed among the ditlereut counties in Georgia, pro rata, according to the en tire number of white children, an aver age county would receive “ “ “ $2,000 We do not. pretend that this fund alone would he sufficient —as such a county would require al least ten school districts, ■and to secure a competent teacher in each district for the entire year would require at least SI,OOO more to be raised by a vol untary tax imposed by its citizens. Such a tax would not draw as much from its cit izens for the education of the children as is J now voluntarily paid in tuition, The few statistics we have been enabled to attain on this point, in a few counties, proves this assertion incontestably. But should any county decline to impose any tax, two oth er courses are left. The one, to adopt tlie itinerating system, by which one teacher should divide the year—spending, say four months in each district, and thus supply three schools. Four months instruction by a competent teacher is better than four years instruction by one incompetent. This plan, we are informed, i i found to work well in the State of Tennessee. Still an other plan has been adopted in some States, and tlmt is, for the School Commissioners, afur receiving the State-fund, to notify each school district of the amount coming ! to it from the fund, and then each district raises by voluntary subscription as much more as they see proper, which is added to the fund for that district, and the best teacher employed which the com!lined fund will authorize. This plan also, we have j been informed, lias been found to work well. We do not ask any of your body to compel any county to abandon the poor school system, whose citizens are satisfied with its operations. To such we only wish to add an affilitivrrml i'miii the profits of the state Road, and thus render their j system more efficient. But we do ask that your body will so frame your legislation as to enable the people ot each county to choose by ballot between these respective systems,* and wherever the citizens of a county are sufficiently aroused lo the ne- ; cessitv of a more efficient educational, Scheme, to adopt the one proposed, they may have the liberty of doing so. In fact, j we would respectfully suggest that it might be extended even to the towns and cities in a county, and allow them within their own school district to adopt this plan. We do not hope to perfect at once, a free school system in our entire State. But we can do much, and by inaugurating it even iu a few counties, we are satisfied that, as it ha 3 been found in every other Slate where tried, to gain annually upon the af fections of the people, so it will in Georgia soon he voluntarily adopted in every por tion of the'State where practicable. Surely those sections of the State which, from any cause, can never successfully adopt the sys tem would not seek to deprive the other 1 counties in the State oi its blessings, when the State fund is fairly distributed to all , 1 and the difference arise? only from the mode of appropriation of the fund by the counties themselves. Because Southern or ! other counties are so sparsely inhabited as to preclude the idea of convenienl^school districts, should the counties of Upper and Middle, or Eastern Georgia be- denied tip© privilege of inaugurating such a ststeip within their bounds ? - We are aware that some are wedded so the idea of appropriating the profits of the State Rbftd to the reduction of taxes, and such an id< • is generally very popular with the pcoilc- and justly so, when the fund otherw®- is spent in a manner bringing no ! iniiwWtc the people : but that *ts not the issue now. The question is: Shall this fund be given to the people in the way of Education, or by reducing the taxes ? We say that three-fourths of the voters of Georgia will derive more direct pecuniary benefit by devoting it to free education, than by relieving them entire ly of taxation. And the assertion is easi ly proved Because to pay tuition for their j children, cost more to three-fourths of our people than the present tax imposed on them. To illustrate : A citizen pays now $.3 for tax, (and three-fourths of them do not pay that much.) Relieve him entirely of taxes, and you give him $5. The same citizen has a single child to educate, and he pays from $lO to SSO for tuition. Give him a Free School and you put in his pocket from $lO to SSO. Which is best for him ? Again, by a reduction of taxes who is most benefitted ? The rich man —who, on his thousands, pays his hundreds to the State. He who needs least the bounty of the State is tlie greatest beneficiary. The poor man who pays a poll tax is benefitted to tlie amount of that pittance. On the contrary, by free education, who is most benefitted ? The rich man, who hardly feels its loss when he pays hundreds to ed ucate his children, or the poor man, who can hardly, from his scanty earnings, lay it}) enough to give to his children that ed ucation, the want of which in himself he has so severely felt ? The question-an swers itself. We feel, therefore, that we pander to no popular prejudice and seek no demagogue’s crown when we say that the question of applying the profits of this Road to education, or to a reduction of taxes, is a question between the poor man and ihe rich man, to which shall the Leg islature extend the bounty of the State ? Were our taxes high or oppressive, we would say deal justly by the tax-payer, and relieve him of the burden of the Stole. But when, as demonstrated by your Comptrol ler General, almost every sister State lev ies more than double as much taxation as Georgia, and some of them nearly nine times as much, we almost blush at the. spirit of those Georgians who approach your body with the cry of high taxes / Con sult t lie digests of the counties w here such croakers live, and you will find them re turning their thousands and hundreds of thousand of taxable ] roperty. The pco. le rnaliC no such demand. All of which is respectfully submitted. Til OS. R. R. COBB, SOLOMON COHEN, D. E. BUTLER, GREENE B. HAYWOOD, Example of Georgia. The State of Georgia furnishes a bright example of the encouragement of home in dustry in developing new sources ol wealth and creating local prosperity and indepen dence. - For a long period, the people of that State have manifested a commendable de- | gree of self-reliance, and a readiness in adopting all the instrumentalities lor im provement in which the present age is so prolific. The result is now patent to all who take the trouble to inquire into its ac tual condition. Less blest with fertility of soil than some of the adjoining States ; possessing j no advantage over any Southern neighbor Gr tli© iutrxjcLuiMian of varied industry ; ! having no large city that promises, even in ; the distant future, to be a distributing een- ; tre for large sections of the Union, Georgia is yet in advance of any other common wealth south of the Potomac, in enlighten ed enterprise, in the development of its own resources, and in actual independence of every other portion of the country. Scarcely had the zeal for internal im provements been awakened at the North before Georgia caught the same spirit, and, without ostentation or parade, almost by her own unaided resources, she has steadily pursued the great work of intersecting the | State with railroads, until there is now searcely any county which has not ielt their beneficial stimulus. The steam horse to-day finds twelve hundred miles ol the j iron track laid for his use ; and to this amount, in less than twelve months, two hundred more will be added. Property ha| advanced in value, smiling villages hate sprung up in } laces not long since for. st solitudes, the whole people are pros pering and cultivated, and the State has tafen a leading position in the South. Cotton and woolen factories, rolling mils, paper mi ls, foundries and machine 11 n ship-yards, i ar. witness to the division of .labor, to create an important home miujjiet for the perishable fruits of Her co#ofi crop of the present year is ; estimated toTcwtvorth twenty-five millimtt j of dollars, while theYrop of cereals is worthy ‘ twice that sum. Os tobacco and sugar, and stock, she is becoming a, considerable | producer. Gold and cop}-# iron and coal mines are worked with profit, and are 5 growing in importance as sources of future wealth. The railroads of Georgia produce afi average of seven per cent, of dividends. Her factories ret urn from twelve to twenty six. The State tax is not quite one twelfth of one per cent. The net income to the State treasury from the State rail road is three hundred thousand dollars per annum, while the entire debt of the State is less than two millions <>f dollars—an amount that a tax of one-fifth of one per cent would pay in two years. This is an example of prosperity, pre sented to the States of the South and of the Union, which is worthy of imitation. The means of attaining the same degree of success is within the power of all, for it has grown from no extraordinary measures, it lias-followed no individual sacrifices ; it is not the result either of unusually favor able position or a fortuitous concurrence of propitious accidents. Industry without extravagance is its ba sis. The planters of Georgia are mainly independent of the favors of factors, and rarely anticipate their crops, paying heavy interests for loans that may prove mill stones around tl cir necks. Yvith an unu sual liberality, they have been contractors on small sections of railroad passing through or near their properties, and paid for stock in labor. They have encouraged the establishment of factories in the neigh borhood of the cotton field, and have ceas ed to he pensioners upon the North for coarse fabrics or for provisions for planta tion use. The surplus capital of Georgia finds investment at home, and if pleasure or business induces its people to visit the cities of fashionable resort at the North, they are not seduced to buy fancy stocks or to dabble in property, the oversight of which must withdraw them from their na tive state. Georgia sutlers put jilUe from tire curse of the South, absenteeism, or the temporary residence of a large class who have no feelings in common with the great mass of its peoples. The spread of the same policy which has enabled Georgia to take the lead among the Southern States, has already begun to produce elsewhere a most happy influence. In every quarter of the South her example in favor of internal improvement is adopt ed; The whole country from tlie Potomac to the Rio del Norte, promises to be soon overspread with a ] erfect net-work of rail roads. The great trunk lines in progress will soon have lateral branches penetrating every fertile valley. Nor can it any longer he said that the South is entirely dependant upon the North for every article of necessity and utility. In this city and elsewhere the example of Georgia has had its influcncein awakening a confidence in manufacturing investments, and though the wants of the people are not supplied, a b g’nuing has lj<*a made which is an indication of the great change in public opine n and habits in progress. It may not lie asserting too much to say that the course long pursued .by the North will, if still persisted in, soon make the South their rivals in manufacturing indus try. We are driven, perhaps fortunately, j to greater self-reliance. The growing po- | litictil antagonisms between sections ofHaJ same confederacy that from of social organization and modes of try were mutually dependent, ‘the South to favor a division pursuits and to dc-velopc all the elements j of its varied resources of production and j wealth. # j Kxmnple L •0.0-.rth volumes of precept, i It is the living teacher enforcing his in struction by palpable illustrations. *lt clothes the dry didactic principles aug| non need with tin* attractiveness ol and shows their results by pointing glorious results. Georgia is teadMg the j South by example. She lias iaß.ite ( a progress, the ie<ul: of which ijgftftiiied to-j he most beneficial, hut fill- ; ly estimated. —A . G. / V'g/c',)". g.j The Western Pitscrve b 7> ran new item to the history of George Branoay, j the liberal American London banker, it savs : “32 years ago the above millionaire was sawing wood for his board in New Haven, Conn.” * Leave your grievances, a? Napoleon did his letters, unopened for three weeks, and it is astonishing how few of them at that time will require answering. Magistrate.— ‘What brought you here ! j Prisoner. —‘Two policemen, your honor. Th< n I suppose liquor had something t"> do with it §N V & M A-] X) is © us. ■ A iicw Vtux.rr’s Flection Hally. FaXuji. th° inimitable “ local” of the Bufmio litpuHic, got otT the’ following TloatP 1 a k\>v tlavs previous to the fht ; IjHjt York^Kectiofts, on lbs own account : HfeM’ _ - •• VOTERS ! a lew hours will intervene before | yon will be called upo:i to exercise your rights as freemen, *!id at the ballot-box state yuur preferences for rulers and offi cers. . S’ / up jpSF.pAß'rn i \Tt YOUR BEST CLOTHES! Patriotism doesn’t require the sacrifice of your other clothes for the sake of the Union. roll v? vorn trowsehs and go ini VOTE EARLY ! ! ! VOTE FREQUENTLY ! ! ! VOTE OFTEN ! ! ! KEEP ON VOTING ! ! ! Who you get well known at one Ward, go to another, but vote manfully, and for whom you like* and frequently— we insist, frequently. DON’T VOTE FOR GEN. JACKSON! For he is dead. RALLY ! RALLY ! ! RALLY ! ! ! TO THE POLLS 1 Save your country ! Have you wiv<s and children ? Vote that those orphans may hereafter enjoy the political privileges you are enjoying, and let not the traitor and the treason strike them down. If they do hit, hit back—our whole human nature calls on you to hit back. We lutdnot suggest hitting hard when vou hit. See that the infirm are brought to tl © polls in one-horse wagons. Don’t put tl e beggars on horseback — we need not ro mind our readers where they will go. VOTE UNTIL SUNDOWN! DON’T LOSE A CHANCE ! PUTIN ALL THE VOTES YOU CAN { GO IT ! GO IT ! GO IT ! ! Swear in your votis ! If you can’t swear your votes in, swear at the inspectors of Ooetion Have rt sweat at somebody, at all events. VOTE ALWAYS! Never mind your dinner or supper, but stay at the polls and vote. DRINK CONSIDERABLY f The more you drink, the better you will fed. Moreover, the candidates pay for the I‘quo". See that there is nothing left ov r, tl e fore. In conclusion, we would snv, CONTINUE VOTING ALL DAY 1 f ! A Platform. —The Democratic Editor of the South rn (Miss.) S(< r being sick, has entrusted his paper to a friend, who in an old-line Whig and an incorrigible Know Nothing. To guard against any appre hension that the politics <f the State will suffer under his admin'sfration, the Edit* r pro i> hi. jays down tiie following platform : J. We ; To opposed to spirituous, v'n >us and map liquors, wi;h perhaj s a inuteri; 1 reservation in favor of Scotch ale and si or ry cobblers. 2. We are opposed to ) a tent medicines of what ever nature, from the 1 Medieamen tum Gratia Prohat urn.,” down to “Dr. Ge hogan’s Hydroppipcr” (Phcebrfl, what a name!) via “Geolicke’s M itchless Sana tive.” WgftoM* are in favor of letting the “ Re tired ian's sands of life” run out, 94. WlPiit* in favor of t iic passage of an the Mobile and Ohio Rail a —We are in favor of e incline un- circumstances, except in Equ stri an performn nces. These principles, we believe, do not c r riiet w i l l l the political opinions which our friend has h> ahly advocated in the col of the Star, and upon his recovery them unimpaiied” tef to pinch you, Sal.’ said an awkward tfflow on id- first visit to his rus tic dame. want to pinch mo for, Zeke? ! ’cause I likes you so!’ r ‘Now, go along, Zeke, you giGit lmteful —I should think you might be big enough to feel ridiculous.’ * ‘Jonathan ; where were you going yes terday, when 1 saw you going to tl e mill ?’ ‘ Whv, I was going to the mill, to 1)6 sure.’ , . ‘ Well, 1 wished I’d seen you, I’d got you to curry a grist for me.’ ‘Whv. vou did see me, didn’t you . ‘Yes* lilt not until you got chan out of sight,’ An Irishman being asked why lie an ore his stockings wrong side put. replied : tßecause li c e’s a hole on t’other side 1 r.f ’em.’ Number &