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The Koszta Case.
Mr. Hulsemann to Mr. Marty . {Translation.}
Austrian Legation, )
Washington, August 29, 1853. J
The undersigned, Charge d’Affaires of his
Majesty the Emperor of Austria, has been in
structed to address this official note to the hon
orable Secretary of State in relation to the diffi
culties which have occurred between the agents
of the two Governments at the port of Smyrna.
The facts which came to pass on that occasion
are of public notoriety, and the undersigned
thinks he may confine himself in his comments
thereon to the most prominent points. Our
Consul General, Mr. de Weckbecker,exercising
the right of jurisdiction which has been guaran
tied by treaties to the consular agents of Austria
in the East relative to their countrymen, had
caused to be arrested and conveyed on board the
Austrian brig-of war Huszar, the Hungarian re
fugee Martin Koszta, who, residing at one time
in the interior Kutahia, had left Turkey in
company with Kossuth, and who. after having
pledged himself in writing not to set foot afain
on Ottoman territory, broke that pledge by res
turning some months since to Smyrna Thi
arrest gave cause to some reclamations which
Mr. Offiey, United States Consul, conjointly
with the commander of the American sloop-of
war St. Louis,” anchored in the roads before
Smyrna, deem*-d it incumbent upon themselves
to address to Mr.de Weckbecker, basing their
demands upon the fact that the aforesaid Koszta
having, according to them, caused himself to be
naturalized in the United States, was entitled to
the protection of the American authorities.
Upon this ’he Consul General of the Emperor,
accompanied by the American Cousui and the
American commander, repaired on board the
Huszar, and these two functionaries had it in
their power to convince themselves, from the
declarations of the prisoner himself, that the
latter had not acquired the quality 0 f citizen of
the United States, and that he was not even pro
vided with ail American passport.
On his own part the Charge d’Affaires ad in
terim of the United States at Constantinople
addressed a communication,on the 27th of June,
to the Imperial Internuncio, (Minister.) the ob
ject of which was to ask for the release of Kosz
ta, upon the plea that he had taken some steps
to be admitted as an American citizen. Baron
de Bruck replied to this request on the same day
refusing to comply with it Two days after
Mr. Brown returned again to the charge by for
warding to Mr. de Bruck a copy ot a declaration
purporting to have been signed by Koszta, in
New York, on the 31st of July last, and which
the Charge d’Affaires of the Union seems to re
gard sufficient to imply the naturalization of
that retugee in America. The internuncio re
plied that it was impossible for him to alter his
determination, as he could not consider the indi
vidual in question as belonmyi to a foreign ju
risdiction so long as bound him
to his country lytuMg dissolved.
The it proper to embody
with the very text of this note a copy of the
document above mentioned, which has served as
the basis to ail the extraordinary proceedings
both on the part of Mr. Brown and that of the
commander of the St. Louis. Here it is :
Declaration made by Martin Koszta of allegiance to
the Government of the United States.
I, Martin Koszta, do declare on oath that it is
bona fide my intention to become a citizen of the
United States, and to renounce forever all alle
giance and fidelity to all and ev--ry foreign prince
potentate, State, and sovereignty whatever, and
particularly to the Emperor of Austria.
Sworn in open court, this 31st day of July,
1852, before me, clerk of the court, &c.
Martin Koszta.
1, clerk of the court of , being a
court of record, having common law jurisdiction
and a clerk and seal, do certify that the above is
a true copy of the original declaration of Mr.
Koszta to become a citizen of the United States,
remaining opened in my office.
In testimony whereof, I have hereuto subseri
[l. s.J bed my name, and affixed the seal of
the said court, the 31st day of July,
1852.
It is difficult to conceive how the representa
tive of the United Sta’es could have sought to
found a proof ot the pretended naturalization of
Koszta upon a document destitute ot all authen
tic character, seeing that the form ot legaliza
tion whicn is affixed to it, and" which alone
could have invested it with that character, leaves
in blank* both the name of the tribunal before
which the declaration of Koszta must have been
made, and the name of the clerk who is suppos
ed to be the depositary ot the original document,
and that, moreover, this pretended legalization
has neither signature nor official seal attached to
it. But even admitting the authenticity of this
declaration, and supposing that Koszta could,
without violating the laws of his country of his
own accord, and-without any other formalities,
have broken asunder the ties which bind him to
his native soil, the text 01 the document shows
that the author of it has done nothing more than
to declare hts intention of becoming a citizen of
the United States, and, with that object in view
of renouncing his rights of nationality in the
States of the Emperor.
A few days later a new and lamentable epi
sode occurred to aggravate the question. On
the morning of the 2d ot July the commander of
the American sloop-ot-war “St. Louis,” Mr. In
graham, sent a message to the commandin'' offi
cer of the “Huszar,” to the effect that, in pursu
ance ot instiactions received from the Chaise
d’Atf iies of the United States at Constantino
ple, be had to call ujioti him to deliver the afore
said Koszta into his hands; adding that, it he did
not receive a satisfactory answer by tour o’clock
in the afternoon, he should cause the prisoner
to be taken away by main force. As it was
reasonable to expect, our commander, instead of
complying with this request prepared himself to
repulse lorce by force; and when, at the hour de
signated, the American commander, getting rea
dy to carry out his threat, ranged himself along
side our vessel and brought his guns to bear upon
the imperial brig, and was about to carry matters
to the last extremity, our brave sailors, although
much interior in numbers, were determined to
oppose a vigorous resistance to the actot aggres
sion which was on the point of being consum
mated in the neutral port of .Smyrna, and on the
part of a vessel of war belonging to a Power with
which Austria wa3at peace. Our Consul Gen
eral only succeeded in preventing this bloody ca
tastrophe, which would probably have ended in
the destruction of a considerable portion of the
town of Smyrna and of vessels of all nations in
the harbor, by consenting that Koszta should
temporarily, an until the settlement of the diffi
culties of which he was the subject, be confided
to the custody ol the Consul General of France
at Smyrna.
The return ot Mr. Marsh to Constantinople a
few days after these events brought on a discus
sion, between himself and our Internuncio, of
the question whether Martin Koszta was to be
considered as an Austrian subject or as a citizen
of the United States. Although still ignorant of
this discussion, the Imperial Government has
come to the determination not to delay any lon
ger addressing itself to the Government of the
United States through my instrumentality.—
There are two distinct questions involved in
this discussion. One is the main question rela
ting to the dispute about the lights of jurisdic
tion which has risen between the legations of
Austria and of the United States at Constantino
ple concerning Koszta; the other question, at
least fully as imfiortant, is that which has refer
ence to those formalities in virtue of which the
agents of the United States have deemed them
selves authorized in urging their pretensions.
With regard to the first of these two questions,
treated in the correspondence which has taken
place on the subject between the Internuncio and
the Cnarge d’Affaires ad interim of the United
States in Turkey, the Imperial Government
adopts entirely the views of Baron de Bruck.
In our opinion,"Koszta nas never cease ! to be an
Austrian subject. Everything combines to
make the Imperial Government persist in this
estimate of the matter. The laws of his country
are opposed to Koszta’s breaking asunder, of his
* Liter*!—makes no mention of either trans
lator.
iwn accord, and without having obtained per-I
mission to expatriate himself from the authorities !
of that country, the ties of nationality which :
bind him to it. The very declaration of that re
fugee on board the “ Huszar,” in the presence of
the American consul and of the commander of
the “St. Louis,” shows that he still considers
himself as a subject of the Emperor. In short,
even according to terms of the law of the Union,
such a declaration, supposed to have been signed
by Koszta. and from which Mr. Brown has pre
tended to infer his naturalization in the United
States, is not sufficient to produce that effect.
The undersigned thinks he may dispense enter
ing into anv further details in regard to this
question seeing that the Department of State of
t! e United States constantly refuses to grant
passports to individuals who find themselves in
this category, and that official publications have
been made from time to time to that effect.
As there can be no doubt, therefore, concern
ing the qnestion of nationality, the Consul-Gen
eral of the Emperor at Smyrna was without
doubt perfectly justified when, in virtue of those
treaties which subject Austrian subjects in Tur
key to consular jurisdiction, he seized the person
ot Koszta within the pale of his jurisdiction.
Such being the case, the Imperial Government
trusts that the Government of the United States
will hasten to instruct i s consul at Smyrna not
to interpose any obstacle to the extradition ot the
aforesaid Koszta by the Consul-General of
France to the Consul-General of Austria at
Smyrna.
Bu , apart from this question ot jurisdiction, it
is especially the mode adopted by the function
aries ot the United States, in order to settle the
matter, which has given the Imperial Govern
ment the most legitimate grounds of complaint.
1 he act ot violence which the commander of
the sloop-ot-war “St. Louis” committed against
the Austrian brig “Huszar”—that real act of
war, committed in full'peace, in a neutral port,
the fatal effects of which were only averted by
the prudence and moderation of our Consul-
General at Smyrna—constitutes an outrage upon
the principles of the law of nations; and the
Imperial Government has no doubt but that act,
viewed in such light, will have b-en condemned
by the Government of the United States, said
Government being itself interested in preven
ting the repetition of similar occurrences.
Ihe events ot the 2d of July at Smyrna pre
sent in a twofold point of view a serious devia
tion from the rules of international law.
Ist. The commander of the United States
sloop-of-war “St. Louis'’ threatened the brig of
his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, the
Huszar,'’ with a hostile attack, by bringing his
guns to bear upon the latter, and by announcing,
in writing, that if a certain individual detained
on board, whose nationality was being discuss
ed between the agents of the two Governments,
was not delivered over to him at a stated hour,
he would go and take him by main force.
There can be no doubt but that the threat of
attacking, by main force, a vessei-of-war belong
ing to the military marine ot a sovereign State
whose flag she carries, is nothing else than a
an act of war. Now, the right of ma
king war is necessarily, and from the very na
ture ot that right, inherent in the sovereign pow
er.
“A right of so momentous a nature,” says Vat
tel, (Law of Nations, vol. 2, book 3, chap. 1.
sec. 4,) “the right of judging whether the na
tion has reai grounds of complaint; whether she
is authorized to employ force , and justifiable in ta
king up arms ; whether prudence will admit of
such a step, and whether the welfare of the State
requires it—that right, I say, can belong only to
the body of the nation or to the sovereign, her rep
resentative. It is doubtle s one of those rights
without which there can be no salutary govern
ment, and which are therefore called rights of
Majesty .”
The founders of the Republic of the U. States
fully recognised, from the beginning of the Union,
the rights reserved to the sovereign power. The
articles of perpetual confederacy and union be
tween the State of New Hampshire, Massachu
setts, &c., ot 1778, contain already the following
stipulation, (IX, 1:) “The right ot declaring
war and to make peace shall belwiig solely and
exclusively to the Congress ot the United States.”
This basis of the public law of the United States
was preserved and sanctioned by the Consti
tution of the United States of 1787, which re
set ves the power ot declaring war explicitly to
Congress, (sec. VIII) Upon this point the
Constitution of the United States harmonises
perfectly with the public law of Europe.
But this right, reserved to the supreme power
of each country, would become illusory and null
if commanders of naval forces or others were to
be explicitly or tacitly authorized to undertake,
either of their own accord or upon the order or
with the consent ot a diplomatic or consular
agent, to commit acts of aggression and of war
against the vessels or the troops of another na
tion without special instructions from the su
preme authority of their own country, notified
in the forms prescribed by the law of nations.
It is impossible tnat the regular Governments
of the civilized world can wish to expose their
authority,as well as general peace, to the ha
zards of h. stilities commenced without their
knowledge, and without special authority from
the sovereign power, by such or such functionary,
in a foreign land.
2dly. This act of hostility has been committed
in a neutral port of a Power friendly to both na
tions.
Certainly, if there be one point in maritime
and international law which is clearly and posi
tively defined, and which has been adopted by
all the Powers of the world, it is the inviola
bility of neutral ports, the absolute prohibition
from committing, in such ports acts of war and
of violence, even against the enemy with whom
we are at open war. Modern history furnishes
but few examples of cases of this kind. One of
these rare instances is the attack upon the Dutch
East Indian fleet, which had taKen shelter in the
port of Bergne, in Norway, by the admiral com
manding the forces ot the enemy, and although
that attack was repulsed by the guns ol the lort
of that neutral port, Vattel —an authority univer
sally recognised in matters relating to the law
0! nations—does nevertheless accuse the neutral
Power (Denmark) of having complained in too
laint a voice ol any undertaking so injuiious to
her dignity and to her rights.
In order the better to establish the concurrence
of all nations and the unanimity of all expound
ers of civil law on this question, we can quote
the authority of an American statesman, i'he
following is the opinion of Mr. Henry Wheaton :
“ The rights of war,” savs he, (Elements of
International Law, part IV, chap. 111, § 7,) “ can
be exercised only within the territory of the bel
ligerent Powers, upon the high seas, or in a ter
ritory belonging to no one. Hence it follows
that hostilities cannot lawfully be exercised
within the territorial jurisdiction of the neutral
State, which is the common friend ot both
parties.”
Then, §9 : “ Not only are all captures made
by the belligerent cruisers within the limits of
this jurisdiction absolutely illegal and void, but
captures made by armed vessels stationed in a
bay or river, or in the mouth of a river, or in the
harbor of a neutral State for the purpose of ex
ercing the rights es war from this station, are
also invalid. Thus, where a British privateer
stationed itself within the river Mississ'ppi, in
the neutral territory of the United States, tor the
purpose of exercising the right of war from the
river, by standing offand on, obtaining informa
tion at the Belize, and overhauling vessels in
their course down the river, and made the cap
ture in question within three English miles of
the alluvial islands formed at its mouth, restitu
tion of the captured vessel was decreed by Sir
W. Scott. So, also, where a belligerent ship,
lying within neutral territory, made a capture
with her boats out of the neutral territory, the
capture was held to be invalid; for, though the
hostile force employed was applied to the cap
tured vessel lying out of the territory, yet no
such use of a neutral territory for the purpose of
war is to be permitred.”
If all hostility against an enemy declared to
be within the territorial jurisdiction of a neutral
State, which has friendly relations with both
parties, is severely condemned by all writers on
international law; if captures made by belligerent
cruisers in the bays of a neutral State, or even
by the boats of the vessels stationed there out of
that territory , are null and illegal , according to
the law of the United States and the decrees of
the maritime courts of Great Britain, an attack
upon a vessel belonging to a friedly Power in a
neutral port would deserve to be censured in
still more severe terms.
The history of maritime wars at the period of
the French revolution furnishes abundant proof
ot the very particular jealousy with which the
Government of the United States maintained
the rights of neutrals; and the undersigned would
cite some celebrated cases in which the first
statesmen of the Union, the most distinguished
predecessors of Mr. Marcy in t e high position
which he fills, have defended the absolute in
violability of neutral ports by means of most
elaborate arguments. But as the undersigned is
fully persuaded that the same doctrines will serve
as guides to the Government of the United
States on the present occasion, be confines him
self to this slight allusion to those principles
which were formerly maintained, and very re
cently supported, by the Government of the
United States in relation to the rights of neu
trals, and more especially in regard to the invio
lability of neutral ports.
The Imperial Government entertains too high
an opinion of the sense of justice and of integri
ty of the Government of the United States to
doubt for single instant its anxiety to disavow
the conduct of its agents under the circumstances
above mentioned, and that it will hasten to call
them to a severe account, and tender to Austria
a satislaction proportionate to the magnitude of
the outrage.
The undersigned avails himself of this occa
sion to offer to the Secretary of State the re
newed assurances of his high consideration.
Hulsemann.
The Hon. Wit. L Marcy,
Secretary of State of the United States.
XuglThiaga
WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 5.
BY TELEGRAPH.
Transmitted to the Constitutionalist &Requblic.
Charleston. Oct. 4.
The sales of Cotton to-day amounted to 1500
bales, at prices ranging from 82 to 11.
Election Returns—Richmond County.
-2 S£
<» 45 o
an -o’ 33 2? Je i 5
3 C a> o
< M G- M H i H
For Governor.
H. V. Johnson 632 19 31 16 25 723
C. J. Jenkins 694 65 44 71 64 938
Congress. |
J. J. Jones 626 18 33 14 21 712
A. H. Stephens 642 63 41 73 62 881
C. W. Young 000 00 00 00 00 000
B. H. Todd.- 000 00 00 00 00 000
Senator.
A. J. Miller 692 60 36 57 61 906
Representatives.
John Milledge 688 23 33 12 18 774
Henry Johnson 493 627 7 16 549
A. C. Walker 609 77 43 59 66 858
W. A. Walton 651 56 38 54 59 854
Judge Superior Court.
W. W. Holt 649 66 42 76 63 896
From our Evening Edition.
Additional Returns.
We have received several additional returns
from precincts along the railroad, which look
favorable to the Democratic candidate for Gov
ernor.
Newton County.—Two precints gives Jen
kins 222. and Johnson 109.
Morgan.—Jenkins 390, Johnson 182.
Green.—Greensboro precinct. Jenkins 516,
Johnson 77.
Clarke.—Jenkins’ majority 122.
Taliaferro.—Crawfordville precinct. Jen
> kins majority 246, Stephens 284.
; DkKalb.—Two precincts, Stone Monntain
and Burroughs, Johnson 167, Jenkins 84. Dent
j 158,Calhoun 89. This vote is more than the
, usual Democratic majority. Lythonia, Johnson
: 108, Jenkins 58.
Chatham.—Johnson’s majority 147. Bartow’s
t 244. Anderson, Ward and Harrison, elected.
I Columbus, Oct. 4.
[ Muscogee County. —Jenkins 975, Johnson 911
. Colquitt 912, J. Johnson 932. Senate, Sturges
(democrat) 903. Watts, (whig) 888. House,
■ Thornton (w.) 930, Wooldridge (w.) 772, Mc
* j Dougald (d.) 862, Crawford (d.) 823.
j ! In Bullock county the Democratic majority is
! 300.
r | Atlanta, October 4.
I j Johnson’s majority in
J ! DeKalb 304
p J Campbell 300
r j Coweta 147
r j Fayette 150
Murray 216
] ! Cass 75
| Jenkin’s majority in
s j Troup 550
1 ! Floyd 60
r Vote at Athens.
i | We are indebted to a friend for the following
» list, which will be interesting to our readers :
j Jenkins 259
Johnson 258
For Congress.
3 Hillyer 89
* Wofford 87
Holsey 90*
i Morton, 242
Stanford 2
, For Senator.
f Hull, (w.) 294
i Bailey, (d.) 481
3 For House.
j Carlton, (w.) 378
t Harden, “ 320
Sheats, (d.) 157
| Robertson, (d.) 68
j For Judge.
> Dougherty 322
Jackson 187
; In addition to the returns in our Evening Edi
, | tion of yesterday, we gathei the following re
■ suits from our despatches and reporss of passen
* g<*rs.
1 Majorities for Jenkins.
\ Cl rke 147
Jackson 33
5 Madison 99
Lee 100
, Putnam 30
Greene 707
j. Columbia 123
h Wilkes 300
i Sumpter 52
! Macon 96
j Marion 65
1 TalbotT 100
1 Majorities for Johnson ;
| Houston 42
Twiggs no
Taylor 147
Crawford 52
Jasper so
Colquit is elected in the Second District.
(Here follows returns embraced in the tables
above.)
Democrats elected to the Legislature in Wash
ington county, Jones, Houston,Twiggs, Wilkin
son, Jasper, Crawford and Taylor.
One Democrat in Lee county.
Gain of 9 members to Legislature over vote of
1849.
Savannah, Oct. 4.
Ei'FiNGHAM.-Johnson 136; Jenkins 200; Sew
ard 120; Bartow 220; Fleming 250; Delyon 40;
Henry 44.
Liberty.—Johnson 20 and Seward 70 majori
ty each; Jones and Smith democrats, are elected.
Bryan.—Jenkins and Bartow’s majority 60
each; Love Independent Whig elected.
Mclntosh County—Johnson and Seward each
100, and 10, Jenkins and Bartow each 55.
Bulloch—Johnson 360, Jenkins 23, Seward
336, Bartow 36.
Returns indicate the election of Seward to
Congresq first district.
Macon, Oct. 4.
Sixty counties heard from, and the candidates
neck and neck. Cherokee gives Jenkins 30
majority. Walker only 94 lor Johnson. Gor
don only 130 for ditto. Pike 148 ditto. For
syth 200 ditto.
J
Tlie Self Instructor.
A Monthly Journal devoted to Southern Education ‘
and the Diffusion of a Knowledge of the Resources
and Power of the South. Richard W. Haber
sham, Editor. Harper & Calvo, Printers. Charles
ton, S. C.
Such is the title of a new work recently be
gun in Charleston, to which we invite public
attention. All political economists tells us, that
the first duty which a nation owes to itself is to
become acquainted with its own resources.—
Founded upon this principle, the object of the
Self Instructor, is to inform the Southern people
of those elements of strength which are at their
disposal, to develop, as the editor expresses it,
the agricultural resources of the country, engi
neering, mechanical and military talents of our
people, to cultivate a high classical and literary
education in our Colleges, in short to advance a
better knowledge ol Southern resources among
Southern men. To the performance of this
work, Mr. Habersham brings a knowledge
which few men have acquired. Trained at
West Point, having received a finished educa
tion in Europe, engaged afterwards as an in
structor here at the South, and at the same time
living on a large plantation, Mr. Habersham has
had experience which enables him to compare
the advantages and disadvantages of the South
and his own country with those of the different
civilized nations of Europe. The first number
is before us with a rich table of contents. Among
the articles are the following : Why should we
desire to educate our people 1 ? What is Educa
tion? Schools. Fine Arts. Principles of De
sign and the Honors of Jehossee. All of these
articles are from Mr. Habersham’s pen ; in future
he will have the assistance of several distin
guished writers. In the article on Schools, Mr.
Habersham divides our system of education into
four parts. Ist, Infant; 2d, Primary ; 3d. Second
ary and 4th, Superior. Infant schools are treated
in the present article and the reader is made ac
quainted with them as they exist in Europe.—
The writer then proceeds to show the changes
necessary to be made, in order to adopt them to
the pecular nature of the Southern people. This
article is to be followed in the next number by
an essay on “ Primary Education” with an ac
count of the Seaiinary School ot Berlin.
“ The Fine Arts, their value as a mq*tns of
education” is a highly interesting article and
will repay a careful reading. Mr. Habersham is
an accomplished artist and is an advocate of
drawing as a branch of education. Maintain
ing that respectable amount of skill can be ob
tained by all, he would link “drawing in with
much of what is of practical (of every day utili
ty) at the same time that we cultivated faculties
and added to the resources of the mind, open
new fields of enjoyment and thereby improve
and elevate the man.”
The Horrors of Jehossee originally appeared
in the Charleston Courier, but is now published
in the S&lf Instructor by request of many of the
editor’s- friends. It was the 7th of a series of
letters addressed to Lord Palmerston on the sub
ject oi slavery. It is a bold but truthful expo
sition of the working of our system of slavery,
and ought to be read by every Southern man.
None of these articles come before the public
in a crude state; all are well digested, full of
thought and instruction.
The terms of the Selflnstructor are $2 a year i
3 copies sent to one address for $5 ; 10 copies
sent to one address for sls. All who desire to
subscribe are requested to send in their names
only, until after the second number.
The public are apt to suppose that those who
call attention to works of thts kind, have some
self interest in the matter. Such a supposition,
in the present case, would he unfounded. The
writer of this communication has no other inte
rest in the matter than to desire its success so
far that he may be able to read it monthly ; and
he desiras this success, because he believes that
he and all others who read it, will become there
by more intelligent citizens, better acquainted
with the resources of the South, and the duties
which she owes to herself. B.
The Washington Star says that the Indian
Bureau are just now busily engaged in sending
out the government annuities due to the several
tribes on our borders. To Michigan they are to
send about $60,000 ; to Wisconsin about $30,000 ;
to Minesota $140,000 ; to the Central Superin
tendency (the St. Louis District) about $250,000;
and to the Southern Superintendency about
$150,000. The sums include the pay of the
Bureau’s employees, in those various Super
intendencies, and the annuities in money and
kind due to the Indians this autumn, in the
fulfilment of all treaty stipulations. The in
structions to the agmts require all payments to
the Indians to be made per capita, unless where
treaty stipulations make payments in a different
manner necessary.
The Steamship Nashville. —Captain M.
Berry, formerly of the Marion, under whose
supervision the hull of the new steamship
Nashville was built, is in attendance at the
Novelty Works. The machinery is ready to
be put into the vessel, and she will be prepared
for her first trip to Charleston in sixty days.
The engine is a side lever, with a cylinder
eighty six inches in diameter, and eight feet
stroke. The bed-plate weighs eighteen tons,
and the cost of her machinery wlli be about
ninety thousand dollars. For elegance and
comfort, she will be equal to the steamers on
the southern route.
Conveyance of the California Mails. —lt
is stated that advices have reached Washington
of a memorial, now on its way from San Francis
co, backed by astrongarray of names, including
nearly every leading merchant in the city, for
the conveyance of the mails by the Nicaragua
line of steamers; the complaint being that by
the route they are at present sent they do not
reach their destination for three or four days, and
in some instances a whole week, after the arri
val of the Nicaragua steamer—thus causing mer
cantile interests a serious loss.
ICol. Fremont, who returned to St. Louis a few
days ago, in consequence of sustaining an injury
on the Missouri frontier, it is stated, will again
set out on hi 3 overland expedition to California
in about a week. Mrs. Fremont has left Wash
ington to accompany him to the frontier.
The Steam Fire Engine in Cincinnati has
been so successful that it is proposed to in
crease their number so as to suspend entirely
the old mode ot putting out fires.
The committee appointed at the Metropolitan
Hall meeting in New York on the 22d ult- have
issued subscription lists to collect funds for a gold i
medal, to be presented to the commander of the j
sloop of war St. Louis.
The Paris journals announce the death of Mr.
O’Connell, brother of the Liberator, which event
took place at Dinan, where he had been for some
time residing.
Mr. L. M. Chasteau, formerly a telegraphic
operator, now reporter of the Sun in Philadel
phia, was badly beaten by a gang of rowdies; in
Chesnut street, on Tuesday night.
Catharine Hayes, the vacalist, who is called
the Swan of Erin, has created a great excite
ment in musical cicles at Valparaiso, where she
is giving concerts.
Death, of Mr. Thomas Miller.
We learn that this aged and venerable gentle- j
man, departed this life last week, at his residence |
in Camden county. We are without any definite
knowledge of his exact age, but presume he was
all ot eighty-five, and his death was the natural
consequence of the infirmities ot his accumulated
years. Mr. Miller’s name is so intimately con
nected with the early commercial history of
Savannah, that the bare mention of it, crowds
the mind with a thousand thoughts. Anterior
to the year 1788, Mr. Miller was a merchant in !
this city. We learn from Bancroft’s Statistics j
of Savannah, that “the first bag of Sea Island j
Cotton ever exported from Georgia, was grown :
by Alexander Bisset, of St. Simons Island, and
was shipped by Mr. Miller, in 1788. He was ;
one of the first who engaged in the business of
buying cotton in the Savannah market, and lor
a long time was the only purchaser. It came to
him in parcels of from 2(Jlbs. to lOOlbs., and with
his own hands, he assorte 1 and packed it for
market. His exclusive and ardent zeal in bring
ing lorward the article gave him, very early, the
name "Cotton Tom Miller,” which he held with
much honor to the day of his death. Although
long since retired from the cares of busines life,
the old gentleman always felt an interest in the
“Cotton trade,” and was ever interested in con
versation- upon this subject.
What a contrast was presented to the mind of
this old gentleman before he died, compared with
the time when he began the export trade in cot
ton from Savannah in 1788! From a very small
beginning he lived to see the controlling power j
and influence of the cotton trade over the com- j
merce ol the world. From a crop of 350 light i
bales in 1792, he lived to see the production of i
cotton in the South reach the enormous amount
of 3,262,882 bales in 1853, constituting the basis
ot one-half the commerce of civilized nations,
and ministering to the wants, the comforts, and
wealth of mankind. Doubtless these great re
sults may be attributed, in part, to the “exclusive
and ardent zeal” of this gentleman “in bringing
forward,” and encouraging the production of thi3 i
important article. Every bale ot cotton is a
monument to his ardent zeal, in fostering its
production, and is suggestive of the simple but
honorable name of “Cotton Tom • iller.”
Mr. Miller, we believe, was a Scotchman, and
was never married. He possessed enough of this
world’s goods to yeld him, in his old age, an in
dependent and competent support. In his char
acter he was social, hospitable, and kind. He
had many friends, and some near relatives, to
whom he bequeathed his property. He died as
he had lieved, “an honest man.” — Sav. Rep. 2d
inst.
A correspondent of the New York Evening
Post, who has recently returned from Germany,
gives the following gloomy account of the pro
gress of the grape disease :
u Let America prepare for dear wines, because
all over Europe that fatal disease, called 1 Trau
benkrankhei!is spreading. It consists of a
white mildew , that spreads over the whole grape,
and completely destroys it. It is as inexplica
ble to vineyard men as the potato disease is to
farmers. Italy and Tyrol are fatally affected by
it. In Germany it is just beginning to make its
appearance. Grapes on trellises are worse affec
ted by it than the se in vineyards. No cure has
yet been found, and it is spreading all over grape
growing Europe. The papers are full of propo
sed remedies, but none give permanent relief.
Political economists stand aghast at a future in
which there is to be neither wine for the rich
nor potatoes for the poor.”
Many papers state the European grape sick
ness to be the same as that of the United States,
but such is not the fact. Ours is rot , theirs is a
mildew. Ours shows itself by blue spots upon
the berries; theirs by a white mildew all over
the grape. Ours leaves a few sound berries:
theirs destroys the whole grape.
We are truly gratified to learn that our Geor
gia neighbors are making earnest preparations
lor our approaching Regatta. Our old and victo
rious friend Hamilton Couper, esq., has remodel
led and almost rebuilt the Becky Sharp , and be
lieves he has considerably improved her speed.
He has also two new boats—one of them is
named the Sunny South, is 48 feet long, and is
said to be a most beautiful model. Dr. Brails
ford Troupe has built the Barcarola , George
Dent, esq., the Swamp Fox , Randolph Spaulding,
esq., the Friendship and three others, and other
gentlemen in Georgia are having boats con
structed tor the occasion, so that most admirable
sport may be anticipated, as the excitement re
lative to our regatta is, we understand, quite as
great among the amateurs of aquatic sports else
where as in Georgia— Charleston Courier , 4 th
instant.
A writer in the London Builder suggested as a
remedy for the great heat produced by the com
bustion of gas, and the effect which it has in
diminishing the purity of the air—that each
main gas pipe should be accompanied by another,
j conveying air from the external atmosphere,
j ramifying with all the pipes ar.d discharging its
j contents by openings alongside of all those from
j which the inflammable gas issues. The relative
I sizes of the tubes and orifices for air and gas
should be as five to two. If gas pipes were fit
ted up in this manner, so that every burner
should draw its supply of oxygen from the ex
ternal air, and not from that of the room in
which it is burned, the air of the latter would
not be so much heated or so much diminished in
purity.
The amount subject to the draft of the Treasur
er of the United States on the 26th ult., was
$27,836 614.46, of which $61,390.63 were in the
hands of the Assistant Treasurer in Charleston.
The Legislature of Rhode Island has passed an
act authorizing the banks that may receive coun
terfeits or altered bills, to write or stamp “coun
terfeit” or “altered” upon them, adding the name
of the bank and the initials of the officer by
whom the bill is marked.
The Governor of Nebraska, it is stated, has In
dian blood in his veins. His father was captur
ed, when a child, by the Wyandot Indians, and
married a half-blood Wyandot girl. The Gov
ernor, Wm. Walker, is hersori. He was educat
i ed at Kenyon College, Ohio. He was seventeen
years postmaster at Upper Sandusky, Ohio. In
1836 he was elected chiel of his nation, the
Wyandots.
Gen. James Tallmadge, who died suddenly in
New York on Thursday, was over 75 years of
age. He had been successively a member of
Congress and of the New York Legislature; and
Lieutenant Governor of the State; also, a rnem
i ber of the two State conventions which framed
I the constitutions ot 1821 and 1846; and, since
I his residence in New York city, he has been
President of the New' York University and of
the American Institute.
The Mineralogical Department of the Crystal
| Falace is now open. The display of ores and
! minerals is said to be exceedingly rich, the en
j tire cabinet being valued at SIOO,OOO. The gold
! specimens alone are worth $60,000. The num
ber of exhibitors is two hundred and seventy
three. The estimated value ot the goods on ex
hibition in all departments of the Palace is set
down at $5,000,000.
An Extensive Suit.— C. F. Field, an Inspec- !
tor of the London Detective Police, and the ori
nal ot “Inspector Bucket,” of Dickens’ Bleak
House, it is stated is now getting up evidence in
a property case, (involving .£150,000, and dating
as lar back as the American war,) which will be
tried in London, in November. The witnesses
are from the United States, India, and the Wet!
Indies. Field’s son is on duty at the Crystal
Palace in New York, on the lookout for English
rogues.
The total value of foreign exports from Balti
more for the week ending Thursday, was $199,-
682. Among the principal articles exported
were 7,564 bbls. flour, 8,974 bushels wheat, 338
barrels corn meal, 496 bushels corn, and 2,183
hhds. tobacco There were also shipped to for
eign ports 2,497 tons of coal, of which 1,479 tons
to China, 352 to Havana, 365 to St. Thomas
and 300 to the West Indies.
Comnirrcittl.
Augusta Market, Oct. 5.
COTTON. We have little or no alteration to j
notice in our cotton market during the past WBck. (
The advices received per America have thrown a
damper on the feelings of buyers, but holders show i
no disposition to force sales at any reduction in i
prices. The li.tle demand at present existing is j
still lor the finer qualities, while grades under Good j
Middling are neglected. The receipts are light for !
the season of the yerfr, and there is more cotton
going into store than for several weeks past. We
continue the quotations of last week, which may
bo considered nominal, as transactions have been
too limited since the receipt of the America’s advi
ces, to give a roliablo change.
Inforior and Ordinary 7 a 8
Low Middling to Middling 9} a 9}
Good Middling 10 a—
Middling Fair 10} a—
Fair— a—
GROCERIES.—For tho se >son of tho year there
is a good business doing in the Grocery lino. There
hg,ve been considerable additions made to the
stocks on hand within tho past two weeks, and
our merchants are now well supplied with every de
scription of goods. There is a good business doing
in filling country merchants and planters orders.
CORN.—There has been little or no export de.
mand this week, and tho corn market has been '
comparatively quiet. For home wants, it is selling
j in small lots at 70 cents, sacks returned. Any thing
| of a lqt would no t bring over 65 cents, sacks in
eluded.
FLOUR—Holders are still stiff in their asking pri
ces. Augu.-ta Mills finds ready sale at $6 for su
perfine in bags at wholesale and $6 a s6} by retail.
| Family is selling at $7 a $8 at wholesale and retail.
Country Flour is selling by tho quantity in bbls at
s6}. and retailing at s6} a s6} per bbl.
BACON.—There is a better demand for a good
article, and prices are stiffening. We continue to
quote ribbed sides (Tennessee) at 9}, and clear at
9} ; Shoulders 7} a 8. Good joint moat is still
scarce.
BAGGING —Stock on the increase and most
holders are asking from store, by the piece or bolt,
12} a 13 cents. Bale Rope is now selling at 9} a 10
cents.
COFFEE.—The stock on hand is moderate, and
holders are firm in their asking prices, say 11} to
12} for a good article of Rio, according to quanti
ty. The temporary decline in the northern mar
kets had no effect on prices here. Some few sales
were mado of Cnba in the early part of tho week
at 11. cents, but for Rio holders are firm at our quo
tations.
MOLASSES. Stock of Cuba good. Holders
are scdlingfrom stores 24 a 25, according to quantity
New Orleans is worth 33 a 35 cents.
SUQAR.---Stoek on hand largo, and principal
sales 5} to 6} for Orleans and Muscovado ; Porto
Rico 6} to 7j; Clarified 7} to B}, according to the
grade. Prices are looking up.
SALT—Holders are stiff in the asking prices.
Sales have been reported to us this week of about
2500 sacks from store, at $1.50 per sack, short time
Retailing from stojc at $1.55 a $l6O.
WHEAT.—Theroisagood demand for Wheat,
and good Red meets with ready sale at 80 a 90
cents, and prime White at sl.lO a $1.25 per bushel.
NAILS.—Have an upward tendency, and most
holders are now asking 5} to 5} cents.
FEATHERS—Fair demand at 40 to 43 cents per
lb. for a good, article.
BEEF AND llOGS—Shoats, weighing from 50
to 80 lbs. are in demand and will bring 6 to 6} cents
nett—supply moderate. Forjargo hogs there is
very little enquiry, being too early in tho season.
’ Beef, grass fed, is worth 4} nett, and stall fed 5 a
i s}. No sheep in market—demand good.
EXCHANGE.—Our Banks aro drawing on New
York and other Northern cities at } per cent,
i prem. for Sight Drafts.
FREIGHTS.—The river is low but stiil in good
boating order, with every prospect of continuing so
for the remainder of the season. The quantity of
Cotttm-offcii-Tgis on the increase, but it is still limit
ed. We quote to Savannah 50 cents per bale; to
Charleston per Railroad 75 cents per bale.
STOCK OF COTTON
i At Augusta and Hamburg on SO th nil.
1853. 1852.
, In Augusta 6,394 4,353
Hamburg. 624 2,450
Total 7,018 6,803
' SHIPMENT OF COTTON
, From Augusta A Hamburg to Savannah and Charles
tonfrom Is/ Sept, to 30 th ult.
’ From Ist to 80th September.
JTo Savannah 1,836 297
Charleston by Railroad 4,517 3,678
6,353 3,975
RECEIPTS OF COTTON
At Augusta and Hamburg from Is/ Sept, to 30th ult.
. Stock on hand Ist inst 7,018 6,803
Shipm'ts from Ist to 30th ult 6,353 3.975
13,371 10,778
Deduct stock on hand Ist Sept 7,834 ‘ 3,707
Total Receipts 5,537 7,071
Columbus, October 1.
Cotton Statem nt.
Old stock on hand, Oct. 1, 1853 43
5 New cotton received to date 3,653
! 3,696
Shipped 1,899
i Stockenhand 1,797
Cotton is selling freely Middlirg at 9 cts., Good
Middling 9£, Middling Fair 9j, and Fair 10 cents.
. MACON, Oct. I.—Messrs. P. W Alexander
| k Co.—Below you havo a comparative statement
of the receipts, stock, Ac., at this point to date.
Our market is dull, and the lower grades of cotton
can hardly be sold at any price; Middling Fair,
■ 10 cents. Very respectfully,
i Receipts in September, 1852 3812
’53 2677
Decrease 1135
Stock, Ist October, 1853 3157
“ ■* ’52 1926
Increase 1,231
HAVANA, Sept. 27.—Prices of Sugars since
our last are about F higher than the quotations
given in our last report,; but the scarcity of ves
i sels restricts eperations.
I Molasses 2j a2 j rls.
Tho 270 casks Rice, then named as on hand;
were placed at a 13J. 1000 bags East India
brought from Europe realised 10J. Yesterday, the
cargo of the Gen. Taylor, from your port, was
takon at 14i rls.
No Pitch Pine Lumber has come in, and the
article is much wanted.
, Freights still tending upwards—the last charter,
j were at £4 ss. to Falmouth and Great Britain?,
i £4 7s. 6d. to Falmouth and the Continent; 15 rls.
por box of Sugar to New York and Boston.
Sliijipinfl JntrUigtitrr.
ARRIVALS from charleston.
Schr Aid, Stellor, Havana.
Schr Gen. Taytor, Frisbie, Havana.
Schr Zephyr, Byers, Matanzas.
Schr Sami. Bolton, Morshon, Philadelphia.
CLEARED FOR CHARLESTON.
Schr Mary k Louisa, Adams, Peiladelpbia.
Schr J. H. Holmes, Barnes, Philadelphia.
CHARLESTON, Oct. 4.—Arrived, barque Vo
locity, Ryder, Boston; brigs Moses, Jarvis, New
York; P. R. Hichbornc, Ellis, Boston; schr Dart,
Somers, Philadelphia.
In the offing, ship Ontario, Holmes. Liverpool.
Went to sea, schr Heyward, McDougal, West
Indies.
SAVANNAH, Oct. 3.—Deputed, steamship
Augusia, Lyon, New York.
SAVANNAH EXPORTS—Oct. 1
Per steamship Augusta, for New York—6o casks
Rice, 444 bales Cotton, 25 bales Yarn, 150 sacks
Rice Flour, and sundry bbls , boxes, Ac.
. i_ ——————————
drink, together with a great variety of
choice Syrups, of the best quality, may be found at
the Druggist and Apothecaries Store of
aug 12 Wa. Haines, Broad street.
SjJfriat Haft,*.
?• w „
street, just above Mr. Plea=ant' h <4?
dencc where he can be found d*!’* "U X
less professionally engaged. night, J
Infantry , ***
Montnly Meeting a A
ora Gun Smith Shop, on Broa ? ° E H.V’
will come prepared to p n^Xr et
ments. Fy Uair monthly
oct 4 2 L ' L ‘ A " Ton L Secy,
t! SEs&g*? »•.
Fn-e dollars per share, has been dwfiJL\V
Boatd ot Directors from the profits of
mouths, payable to the Stockholders l a*
Also, an Extra Dividend, No. 3 of T
lars per share from the surplus mofit
scrip of increased capital stock ’
- - 10 Jyo- GRAIG, Cash;*,
dividend of ten dollars per share
to tne stokholders, on demand. ,W
OCt 4 10 \l rr
,7/* A sure ilelianev. oTerP
effects of Dr. M'Lane'v T '' la %
eases of disordered Liver, that thev WPai »
as the Specific for that complicated
eases known as Hepatic. The pZ, f 8 ° f *
cine at hand upon which he can alw!J!
that is necessary is to purchase 1/ f '
“ }?»»’» U"or Pin,, w » k
health. Read this : • to.aiion u
Wilkins Township, AllochmvP„ n
J. Kidd & Co—Please let me tf avc t
more of Dr. M Lane's Liver Pup y W .S
used two boxes of tho Doctor's Pil’s anu‘*
you they have done her more good thin m ‘J?
physician has tor two years, during which h-*?
was in reguiar attendance. These tiv,
think, will effect a cure. .Tamp, t 1
foo.d by HavilanJ, Rislev k Co. and it!.
Tutt, Augusta, Ga.; P. M. Cohen ,fc Co ('! ,/
ton, S. C.; iiill k Smith, Athens Ga - f’c T
Madison; A. A. Solomons; Savannah; and h
Druggists and Dealers in Medicine throuehoat 1
South.
oet 3 12
The cxvr-:,
°* t ) h ' s n : st ! tutlon will be resum,;,
Tuesday noxt, 4th October.
1 , . . „ K LaTaste,
oct 1 U Recto;.
The Augusta Free SdM wilt w -
opened on Monday, October 3rd ’
Male Teachers. Female Teacha,
Thomas Snowdon, Miss Parsons
. Charles W. March, Miss Scoggins,
lb B. RtFSSEU
, _ oct l « Secretary and Treasure
r 3f Lt ® u ’ s Kathai ron.—For Prescrvb
Restoring and Beautifying the Rair
is the most delightful and wonderful article tb
1 world ever produced. Its astonishing success *
, without a precedent iuthe history of the Mate-i
, Medica. Dark and luxuriant curls, soft and glow
hair, with scores of admirers, (mark this ladii
is the universal effect of tho Kathairou. Bail
. and Grey Heads wore perfectly astonished. 'I,
t Kathairon has fully restored iny hair after a bail
ness of 12 years. A. J. Courtright, 76 Bond
street, N. Y.” The Kathairon is a certain curt
for Nervous Headache, and all Cutaneous Disease.
t Sold by all dealers, everywhere. Try it. Pr*
I only 25 cents, in large bottles.
D. S. Barnes,
• Proprietor. 161 Broadway, S.Y,
t IX?” Sold by every Druggist in Augusta.
I). B Plumb 4 Co.,
r sept 28 lm _ Wholesale Agents.
is Miss ©. Mackenzie will re-opoki
EK-wSi snoot,, on Monday, 3d October, at
> tho residence of her Mother, second dost below
3 the Bank ot Brunswick. ts sept2b
5 Eenialc Institute.— Will be re-opened.
Providence permitting, on the firsi
Monday in October. Able and efficient assistauu
1 are engaged for the several departments.
W. J. Hard, Principal.
r The Georgia Home Gazette, please copy.
lOd sept "4
fit> —Removal.—W e have moved our stock
ISW to the corner under the J1 mm
House, opposite the Globe Hotel, Formerly «•
cupied by J. R. A W. M. Dow. whero we will h
* pleased to see our friends and patrons.
sept 25 ts DAWSON & SKINNER
1 The prevalence of incorrect noli#
upon the subject of medicine, is agti
cause of misery. Medical practice should be p.
erned by principles cautiously deduced from th
contributions of long experience and close ob/e
vations. How important, then, that no mediei*
should be taken by mvalids, unless it emam»
from the hands ot men of talent, judgment, si
the strictest probity, lloofland’s German Bibs
prepared by Dr. 0. M. Jackson, Philadelphia,it
preparation emanating from one of the most «*
' brated practitioners of modern times, and one
the greatest medical writers Germany ever in
duced. This article is now in able hands, ase-•
donee that the article is prepared carefully is
skilfully, it is producing the etfoct the original'
ventor intended. It is used by many of the 1m
practitioners of Philadelphia in cases of W?
• of the degestive organs, and biliary apparatus t"
the diseases arising therefrom. We therefore i
commend this medicine to suffering invalids,
oct 4 d6&el
ftp —Mexican Mustang Lisimeat-It!
laS-s. reputation of this preparaton **
crea iug daily; tho circle of its influence and ~
bounded popularity is depenitig and widening »-•
the cases of pain, and suffering, and anguish
llcved by its use, are multiplying and incr®-
beyond all precedent. It goes like an angel* 1
healing on its wings.” j
To persons who wish, we can furnish uamt-j-*
residences of persons all over the country
havo been cured of Rheumatism, Sprains. I" 5 ;*
and most loathsome Sores; as well as -•
cers and Wens—and of horses that hare bett
ed of Spavins, Ringbones, Splint- Fistulas ua ; '
evils, and hard bone Tumors on the test r’
shoulders and back. Almost every turner ■eu*‘
, out the c runtry can testify to its wonderful v
powers—and none of them would be a '
i out it. Owners of livery stables and stage l
nies can save hundreds of dollars yearly 1 ,
this Liniment on their horses whenever i
come galled, chafed, or crippled frMnanr
thousand accidents to whieh their stock ins ™
See advertisement in another column-
sop 7
ftp — lamelL—The Shades still
pile. We cordiady invite “UrJ
fond of tho good things of this life. cm
help themselves to Beef Stakes, “ uwd
Fish Balls and Soups of all kinds and asp
hospitality. Seven days in the week
found at our post studdying the taste a
of our numerous customers. p.vtos
Plumb <&
aug 14 ts
ftf- Miss Catonet, grateful[ for
ago of tho public, lor t ‘ L
past, returns bor thanks to the comm 1 -
them she has taken that eligible 51ta ‘ «*'
of Washington and Green-street, w *•
cisos of the school will bo resume
Monday in October
Miss 0. has engaged competent tea
her in the various branches ol edu
_sept2o ts
Removal. —Tho # »
moved, from their la
spacious store, No 6, Warren b 0 ’ stoC
for for sale, a largo and well the**
and fancy Groceries, to which th 3, iljeg .
tion of Merchants, Planters and F»m M
_sopl7 lm J ' K '
ftpr- — —Never suffer long 0 , ,U j ien yo»'^
At this age of th ® 1
get Ayer's Cherry Pectoral, it n* anl
ect, if you do not cure it. _—
ftp*- — SR ■- jftij*
G. Fargo, Proprietor (la j
8. Hotel, Augusta.' a P —g
COTTON and
ian 20 ts Corner
rsr — Marriage mvita*.*"* a g p ,<[^
Cord> written OyM— r
AUGUSTA STEAM Wa**
TURNING, BRACKETS^
Os every si® and of the newest
order at short notice. „ CElhb
Aiso-i—Worked
WEATHER BOARDING.
Orders punctually attended gU
sep 2 dfcobm