Newspaper Page Text
tCansfittttinttnhst K JUpuMii. I
BV JAMES GARD\ER.
OFFICE ON MoINTOSH STREET,
third door fro* rse worth-west ooknkf or
BROAD-STREET .
-.* ■-.- —:—^s£=^s£==^=r==:
TERMS:
Daily, in »dranee per annum $6 00
If notin advance per annum 7 00
Tri-Weekly. in advance .perannum 4 00
If not in advance perannum,.,,.. 5 00
Weeklv in advance. ...per annum 2 00
£7“No Discount for Clubs.
From the Encyclopedia Americana.
Usury.
Uiury, in a very general sense, means a com
pensation or reward for money lent. In this
sense, it is equivalent to interest. But in the
common business of lite, it rarely has this signi
fication, but is chiefly used in an odious sense, to
express an exorbitant or illegal compensation for
money lent, in contradistinction to the common
comp nsatioo allowed by law, which is called
traces'. Thus a man is commonly called e usu
rer. who lets money lor more than legal interest,
and who ia therefore deemed a bard, oppressive
avaricious creditor It is singular to what a
great extent the prejudice against the receipt of
interest upon money lent has prevailed in all
ages. Thata man should receive a compensa
tion ior a thing which he lends to another for a
use which is beneficial to the latter, and incon
venient to himself, seems to stand upon the first
principles of justice. It A lets his horse to B
for a journey for B’s pleasure or profit, no one
doubts the propriety of A’s asking and receiving
a compensation for tka hire of the horse. Why,
then, should not A be equally entitled to a com
pensation, if he leads money to B for the plea
sure or profit of the latter ? If the compensation
asked be a reasonable recompense only, for the
inconvenience to which A is put, or for the haz
ard which he runs of not receiving back the
thiog lent, there is no difference in the princi
ple, whether the loan be of the horse or of the
money. If it be exorbitant or illegal, the im
propriety and injustice equally apply to each
case. And yet it has been rare, either in the
policy of nations or the opinions of moralists,
that the transactions have been viewed in an
equally favorable light. One ground of the com
mon prejudice probably has been, that mouey,
being the common medium of trade and com
merce, is more generally in demand, and more
universally useful to all persons, than any other
commodity; and therefore the whole community
are eager to borrow upon as cheap terms as pos
sible, and the lenders are as naturally desirous to
lend upon as high terms as possible; thus beget
ting a mutual jealousy, and a strong tendency to
hard bargains. In times when money is scarce,
the necessity, as well as the difficulty, of Ar
rowing, is greatly increased, and an inflamed
spirit of discontent is generated against those
who possess the means of relief, and will not
afford it, but upon the terms of an exorbitant
compensation. They thus become odious, first
as individuals, and next, when they become nu
merous as a class. In this way, money-lenders
are deemed to have a peculiar interest hostile to
that of the public at large; and even if the laws
do not prohibit the charge of high interest, they
are stigmatized as extortioners and usurers.—
Besides, the poor, the extravagant and the disso
lute generally live beyond their means, and
therefore have the strongest desire, as well as the
strongest necessity, for borrowing. In propor
tion as their wants rise, they are more ready to
contract for high interest; and as they are un
able to pay when the proper time for payment
arrives, they are compelled to submit to further
exactions; and the creditors, as theyjperceive an
increasing hazard of losing the principal, are dis
posed to indemnify themselves against the risk
by additional premiums. From these combined
operations, always going on, in such cases, with
accelerated force, there is almost a certainty of
ultimate ruin to such borrowers. The creditors
are thus compelled to more vigilance, and to
more effort to obtain or secure payment, until, at
last, the borrowers seem to be the victims of
misfortunes which they are unable to resist, and
the creditors to be the instruments of harsh and
vindicative oppression. Thus public sympathy
becomes enlisted on the side of the sufferers,
without adverting to the rights or the indulgen
ces of the creditors, simply because the latter can
bear the loss without as much suffering. But a
more extensive ground of prejudice has been de
rived from religious sources. Those who are
enemies to the allowance of interest in general,
often make no distinction between that and usu
ry, and hold each to be equally reprehensible.—
Christians, in an especial manner, have drawn
arguments from the prohibition of usury by the
law of Moses, among the Jews; and the school
divines, partly oa this account, and partly on the
authority-of Aristotle, who has fancifully said
that money is naturally barren, and to make it
breed money is preposterous, have not hesitated
to pronounce it contrary to the divine law, both
natural and revealed. The canon la v, too, has
proscribed the taking of any, even the least, in
terest for the loan of money, as.a mortal sin. It
is not surprising, under such circumstauces, that
men, in the dark ages, should have looked with
horror upon the taking of interest, and that the
and feudal lords of those days, who
were always needy, and always borrowing, full
of the pride of birth and rank, and full of disdain
for the humbler avocations of life, and especially
of those connected with the accumulation of
'M money,should have looked with contempt upon
the usurer, and have augmented the popular de
lusion. But that, in enlightened times, the re
ligious scruples to which we have alluded should
still have prevailed, is one more illustration of
the difficulty oi correcting error when it has once
fastened itself on the community. Nothing can
be clearer, than that the Mosaic precept was
merely a political, and not a moral precept. It
did not prohibit the Jews, from all taking ol
usury. It only prohibited them from taking it,
from their own brethren, the Jews. But the
MKsaic law, in express words, permitted them to
take it of a stranger. The Jews have, aecor
“ dingiy, been great money-lenders upon interest
in all ages; and this has, probably, in Christian
countries, still more augmented the prejudice
•gainst this venerable, but unfortunate people.
Indeed, so strongly is this prejudics fixed, that a
man of a sordid and avaricious character is, even
now, proverbially called a Jew. There is, how
ever, not the slightest foundation, either in na
tural or revealed religion, tor any prohibition
•gainst the taking of interest, upon money, any
more than against the taking of a profit lor the
use of any other thing loaned. But the policy
S of most nations has not suffered the right or rate
p ol interest to rest upon the mere moral law, or
the doctrines of religion. In almost all nations,
g in modern times, the legislature have regulated’
the subject, and prohibited, under severe penalties
all contracts and bargains, by which any excess
es interest, beyond the rate prescribed by the
law, is secured. In many countries, they have
declared all such contracts utterly void, so that
even the principal loan cannot be recovered; thus
making the supposed want of conscience, on one
side, a full justification of the grossest want of
conscience on the other. In some countries,
they have allowed the interest, if paid, to be re
covered back. In other countries, they have re
* fused this, and adopted an intermediate course,
allowing a recovery of the principal, sometimes
with a small interest, and sometimes with no
interest. Among statesmen and political econo
mists, it has been for a long time a vexed ques
tion, how far the regulation of interest upon
M money is founded in sound policy, or public con
s: lenience. That it should be regulated by the
legislature to the extent of declaring, by a gen
§ eral rule, what interest shall be allowed when
the parties have been silent, and what shall bs
allowed wheie there has been a wilful delay ol
payment beyond Jhd stipulated period, would
seem to be a proposition susceptible of little ques
tion or debate. It is far better to have some
certain rule, in such cases, to furnish a universal
guide, than to leave the amount to be ascertain
ed by a judicial decision in every case of differ
ence between the parties. And where the par
ties have been silent, it such a rule exists, it may
fairly be presumed to be acquiesced in or adopted
by them. The question, then, is not, whether
the law ought, in cases unprovided for by the
parties, to adopt some uniform measure of in
terest, but whether tbe parties should be prohib
ited from stipulating for any rate of interest
HU w hicb they may choose. In former ages, it was
unite a common pWctice for legislatures to re
, i» u la*Vthe rate of buying and selling many com
modities so as to restrain the ratio of profits
ft"within certain limits. Such regulations would
now be generally deemed unphilosopbical and
c as well as oppressive. All that the
Wwoud now attempt to accomplish, would
be to prevent imposition, fraud and erreumven-
Hnnin such contracts. Why should not tne
U nL wincioles apply to bargains about money '
Why should a man, dealing fairly and openly, be
prevented by the laws from making as high a
profit upon the sale or loan of money as upon the i
sale or loan of merchandise? The general grounds
upon which legislation upon the subject of the
interest of money has been justified, as contra
distinguished from other profitable contracts, are,
tbe prevention of excessive interest; rhe preven
tion of prodigality; the protection of the poor and
needy against extortion: the suppression of rash
enterprise, and the security of the weak and cre
dulous against imposition. Now, it will be found,
upon a careful examination, that some of these
giounds are quite unsatisfactory and delusive;
and some of them are equally applicable to all
ol her contracts and bargains as well as to loans
cl money. So far as the object of laws is to pre
vent oppression and imposition, and undue ad
vantage of the strong over the weak and credu
lous, tbe principle should apply to all contracts,
not by regulating the term# of every contract a
priori, ami settling what, under all the circum
stances, should be just and reasonable, but by pro
viding, by general principles of law, that uncon
scionable and oppressive contracts, where undue
advantage is taken of the weakness, or credulity
or necessity, of the other party, shall be either
wholly set aside, or reduced to moderation, upon
a foil trial ol each particular cause, and an ex
amination of all the facts, so as to make the de
cision just in itself, ex cequo etbono. There is
nothing in the nature of contracts for loans of
money which, in this respect, makes it either ne
cessary or proper to distinguish them from others.
Nor is it easy to see how prodigality would be
encouraged by the facility of borrowing any more
than of buying. Interest will always bear a
steady proportion to the means of repayment,
and the punctuality of the performance sf the
contract. If persons are prodigal and extrava
gant, they will not be less inclined to borrow
because the laws have protected them against
paying an undue interest; and if they do borrow
under such circumstances, they must either give
an extravagant inteiest, in order to indemnify
the lender against the additional risk from its
illegality, or else they will borrow upon the
usual terms; and in neither case does the pro
hibition answer its purpose. The interest of
money must ordinarily be regulated in practice
by the value of the use to the borrower as well
as the lender, by tbe general demand for it, and
by the hazard of repayment. It the demand be
small, and the security be good, the interest will
be low % It the demand be great, the interest
will be high, although the security be good. And
if the demand b 6 great, and the security doubtful,
it is obvious that the price will be proportionally
enhanced, since it includes the risk of loss as well
as the value of the use. Now, it is certain that
these three ingredients admit of very various
combinations, and that there are perpetual chan
ges going on in relation to each. Nothing is
more uncertain or variable than the demand for
money, and the facility of obtaining it. It de
pends upon a thousand circumstances, political,
commercial, and even local. No man can fore
see them, and no legislation can suitably provide
for them. The very elements upon which to
found a rule admit of no arrangement and no cer
tainty. Is it not, therefore, unwise, as well as
unjust, to establish a general rule to govern all
cases, when the rule itself cannot work the same
way any two days in succession throughout the
year? On the other hand, there are positive
mischiefs attendant upon all absolute regulations
of this subject. In the first place, no laws can
practically reduce the rate of interest beloift tbe
lowest ordinary market rate at the time when
the money is wanted. It will be borrowed, at
all events, if there is a necessity; and in propor
tion as the demand grows more urgent, there
will be a correspondent disposition to evade and
break down the restriction. Thus a tendency
is created to a habitual disobedience to the laws
—a tendency which, in every view, moral as well
as political, is deeply to be deprecated. In the
next place, it operates greatly to the discourage
ment ol trade and commerce. Nothing moie
favors the interests of commerce than a general
l berty to buy and sell without restraint or ob
-1 struction. If the party can always obtain money,
1 while he posseises good credit, without any res
' traint as to the interest he shall give for it, from
: the rise or fall of markets, he will naturally be
| induced to extend his business, and may extend
it with comparative security and advantage.
But, if he is obliged to calculate all possible chan
i ces of relieving his necessities beforehand, with
the knowledge that, if money rises in the market,
1 he must borrow upon disadvantageous terms, he
will not embark at all in enterprises which go
beyond his own present means; or he will take
! the risk, and, if the exigency arises, he must pay
proportionally higher, because the law gives no
validity to the contract. He must pay the len
der for trusting to his honor and honesty, and hot
1 to the authority of the laws. In short, the mo
! meni it is admitted (what can hardly be disput
ed) thai commerce cannot well subsist, to a great
degree, in any country, without mutual and ex
tensive credits, it is obvious that every measure
- that lacilitates and gives security to such credits
must be beneficial. Another evil attendant upon
1 restrictive laws, is, that, in any scarcity or ex
traordinary emergeney, they unavoidably en
hance the market price of money. They make
; the pressure heavier, and compel the parties to
‘ heavier sacrifices. Many men will not, in such
times, lend their money at all upon common in
terest; and yet they have great scruples about let
> ting it upon any contract for usury, lest they
! should lose both, principal aud interest. Others,
if they do lend without regard to the laws, de
mand a higher and perhaps extravagant compen
sation for the hazard which they run. And con
scientious borrowers, rather than incur the im
putation of being violators ol the laws, make
other sacrifices of their property, which some
times are ruinous, and generally are deeply in
jurious to their estates. If, under such circum
-1 stances, they were free to make their own bar
gains, they could borrow at lower rates, and could
; give legal security. In short, the prohibitory
: system,in many cases, aggravates the very evils
which it is intended to mitigate. It makes the
: prodigal more extravagant, the rash more un
distinguishing, the poor more servile and depen
-1 dent, the rich more irresolute or avaricious, the
week a more easy prey to the crafty, the busy
and enterprising more timid or more speculative,
and thus introduces into social life many pertur
bations which cannot be calculated, and many
immoral practices which silently impair, or
i openly sap, the foundations of virtue.
I
Storming of a City — Horrible Scenes. —
W hen a city is taking by stt rm, in military
phrase, and in accordance with the usages of war,
■ it is u given up to the soldiery. ” What this means
. will be apparent from the frightful picture of
Badjos, as it appealed on the night after it had
i been carried by the allies, under Wellington
April 6th, 1812. Says an English officers, who
participated in the assault :
It was nearly dusk, and the few hours while I
slept had made a fearful change in the condition
and temper ol the soldiery. In the morning they
were obedient to their officers, and preserved the
semblauce of subordination ; now they were in a
state of furious intoxication ; discipline was for
gotten, and the splendid troops of yesterday had
become a fierce and sanguinary rabble, dead to
every touch of human feeling, and filled with
every demoniac passion that can brutalize the
man. Ihe city was ia a terrible confusion, and
on every side horrible tokens of military license
met the eye.
The street, as I approached the castle, was al
most choked up with broken furniture; for the
houses had been gutted from the cellar to the gar
ret, tbe partitions torn down, and even the beds
ripped up and scattered to the winds, in the hope
that gold might be found concealed. A convent
at the end of the strada of St. Johns was in
flames, and I saw more than one wretched man
in the name of a drunken soldier.
Further on the confusion seemed greater. Bran
dy and wine casks were rolled out before the
stores; some were full, some half drank out, but
more staved in, in mere wantonness, and the li
quors running through the kennel. Many a har
rowing scream saluted the ear of the passer by,
many a female suppliant was heard asking in
vain for mercy. How could it be otherwise,
when it is remembered that twenty thousand
furious and licentious madmen were loosed upon
an immense population, among which many of
the loveliest women upon earth might be found ?
All within that devoted city was at the disposal
of an infuriated army,over whom, for the time,
control was lost, aided by an infamous collection
of camp-followers, who were, if possible, more
sanguinary and pitiless even than those who had
survived the storm !
It is useless to dwell upon ascence from which
t.ie heart revolts. Few females in this beautiful
‘ own werei saved last night from insult. The
noblest and the beggar— the nun, and the wife
and daughter of the artisan—youth and age, all
were involved in general ruin. None were re
spected, and consequently few escaped. The
madness of those desperate brigands was various
ly exhibited; some fired through doors and win
dows ; others at church bells; many at the
•
wretched inhabitants, as they fled into the
streets, to escape the bayonets of the savages,
who were demolishing their property within
doors; while some wretches, as if blood had not
flowed in sufficient torrents already, shot from
the windows their own companions , as they stag
gered on below. What chance had the miserable
inhabitants of escaping death, .when more than
one officer perished by the bullets and bayonets
of tbe very men whom a few hours belore he had
led to the assault ?
This city contained about 16,000 inhabitants,
and had twice before, within the space of thir
teen months, been subjected to the horrors of a
seige by the “Liberators of the Peninsula.” If
such a fate awaits the inhabitants of Sevastopol,
in the event of its fall, may twe not pray that
the attack upon it may not succeed ?
[Repotted for the Baltimore Sun.] -
Thirty-Third Congress—Second Session.
Washington, Dec. 22, 1854.
SENATE.
Mr. Toombs reported the judiciary bill fixing
and increasing the salaries of the judges of the
Supreme and Districts Courts of the United
States, and of the Orphans’ Court of the District
of Columbia.
Mr. Slidell moved that the bill for the remo
val of the obstructions of the southwest passage
of the Mississippi river be made the special ol
der of the 9th January. Agreed to.
Mr. Badger suggested that as the Senators yes
terday understood that the metting of tbe Sen
ate to-day was pro forma , because Monday was
Christmas it was not fair to transact business,
whereupon the Senate adjourned to Tuesday
next.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Mr. Houston, from the committee of ways and
means, reported a bill making appropriations for
the service of the Post-office Department, and
for the transportation of the mails in Ocean
steamers and otherwise for the year ending June
30th, 1856. Referred to the committee of the
whole on the state of the Union.
Mr. Fuller, irom the committee on commerce,
reported a resolution with a view to the better
preservation of life. It authorizes the President
of the United States to open a correspondence
with the British government or any one of her
dependencies in order to procure the erection of
a first class light-house at Cape Race, New
foundland, the United States to pay an equita
ble portion of the expense.
Mr. Cutting briefly advocated the resolution,
saying that great loss of lite and immense tra
vel combined to render its passage necessary.
Mr. Smith, of Virginia opposed the resolution
regarding it as the commencement of a system
to build foreign light-houses.
Mr. Fuller said it was of great importance to
have a light house at Cape Race, where lines of
steamers start and arrive. It was necessary
for the safety of our naval and commercial ma
rine.
Mr. McMullen opposed the resolution, re
garding the proposition as novel and unprece
dented.
Mr. Fuller mentioned two cases where ap
propriations have been made by Congress to
build light-houses outside of our limits on the
Canada shore.
Mr. Chandlier favored the resolution, saying
that the end sanctified the means. Whatever
is right cannot be commenced too early. The
resolution was passed. Ayes 78, nays 22.
The Speaker laid before the House a letter
from the Secretary of the Treasury, covering the
Superintendant ot the Coast Survey’s report for
the year 1854. Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Robbins offered a resolution, which was
leferred to the printing committee, providing for
the printing of ten thousand extra copies—five
thousand for the use of the members and the re
mainder for the Coast Survey Office—to be bound
in quarto form with the plates.
The House passed a bill reorganizing the
Courts in the District of Columbia, and reform
ing and improving the laws thereof. Yeas 114,
nays 35.
The House then went into committee on pri
vate bills and passed one and then adjourned till
Tuesday.
Fire. —A fire occurred on Sunday morning
between one and two o’clock, by which lour
tenements on East Boundry street were destroy
ed. The fire it is suppqged originated from a
bake oven, in one ot the dwellings, which being
a wooden structure, was soon enveloped in
flames. We have not often seen a fire that
threatened, at its commencement, so wide a de
struction as the one of yesterday morning. The
location being compactly built with small frame
buildings, connecting by board fences in every
direction, which, together with the narrowness
ol thestieets, made it one peculiarly adapted to
the spread of fire. But the operations of the
firemen, aided by the supply from the water
works, soon prescribed its limits. We are pleased
to notice the tact that great facilities tor the suc
cess of their efforts, were afforded the firemen by
those early at the scene. Before the arrival of
the engines all the fences around the burning
buildings were pulled down, under the direction
of Capt. Bryan, to whose vigilance and energy,
in this instance, aided by willing hands around
him, we mainly owe our escape Irom an exten
sive conflagration.
The property destroyed was owned by the es
tates of O’Byrne and James. There was no in
surance.— Sav. News, 27 th insl.
Attempted Robbery—Desperate Encoun
ter.—On Sunday morning, between one and
two o’clock, Mr. John R. Mehrtens, residing
with his brother, Mr. Jurgan H. Mehrtens, on
the Ogeechee Plank Road, was aroused by the
ringing of the alarm of tire, and on waking, dis
covered a man in his room, whom he at first
thought to be his brother, come to awake him.
But seeing the person search his clothes, which
were on a chair beside his bed, and then retire
from the room, his suspicions were aroused, and
jumping to his feet he followed the intruder.
Upon Mr. M. coming up with him, tbe stranger
stabbed Mr. Mehrtens twice in the right arm,
and once on the leit, and made his escape. The
above facts were immediately communicated to
Marshall Russeli, by whom, as a county magis
trate. a process lor the arrest of the offender was
issued, and within an hour after the occurrence a
young man, calling himself Ishmael Hover, was
lodged in jail, charged with the offence. We
understand iliat Hover will have an examina
tion to-day on a charge of committing an assault
with intent to kill; and also on a charge of bur
glary.—lb.
Malicious Mischief. —We were shown on
baturday, a piece of woolen goods, which, while
exposed at the door of one ot our dry goods stores
had been cut midway of its width, with a knife,
the gash penetrating through several folds, dama
ging some ten or a dozen yards of the clolh. We
were informed by the owner that such outrages
are perpetrated almost daily by persons passing
the stores where goods are thus
difficult to conceive a meaner spirit than is
evinced by such acts ot wanton meanness, and
it is to be hoped that the perpetrators of them
may be detected and punished as they deserve.—
lb.
A. Bank Story. —The New York Times tells
the following:
We have heard of a bank story which is said
to relate to a time somewhat distant, and to a
bank within one hundred miles of Wall Street,
and which we report just as we heard it, omit- i
ting names. The cashier of the bank found him- I
self short in his accounts about $20,000, at a
time when he foresaw an inevitable disclosure
from an examination of accounts, which was
ordered to take place within a short time. Not !
seeing any escape, he consulted a friend of his
who was an attorney, asking for bis advice.
The attorney, on ascertaining that the cashier
had no property that was available to convert
into cash to cover the deficency, recommended
him to take $200,000 more, and then, when the
discovery took place, he would have something
to negociate with so as to induce the directors
to retain from making a public exposure.
The cashier took his advice, abstracted the
additional sum and when the discovery took
place, confessed his error, and told the directors
that he would get his triends to make some
amends, provided they would not punish* him.
After some negotiation, he compromised with
them for SIOO,OOO, and he retired from his situ
ation with a fortune of SIOO,OOO. The cashier
in question was consequently respected, and he
died, we believe, within the current year. The
directors never made known their loss, and nei
ther the stockholders of the bank nor the public
knew anything about it.
A negro, a poor cripple, who gained a precari
ous living by playing on a tamborine and sing
ing in the streets, was found frozen to death in
one of the most public thoroughfares of Brooklyn
early on Wednesday morning. He had applied
for and was refused permission to warm himself
in a drinking saloon during the night previons,
although it was apparent at the time that he
was perishing from cold and could not long sur
vive.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. ~
THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 28
See first page of Daily,, this morniug.
Homicide.—A Correctiou—s2oo Reward.
In our notice of a homicide in yesterday’s is
sue, we reversed the names of the parties. We
should have stated that Joseph Attaway was
killed by Jesse Daniels. It occurred near the
Augusta Factory, about 2 o’clock Monday after
noon.
We are authorised to say, that a reward of
two hundred dollars will be paid by the friends of
the deceased, for the airest of Jesse Daniels. We
understand he left the city by the Georgia Rail
road train on the evening of the homicide.
Usury Laws. *
The reader will find in our columns this morn*,,
ing a sensible and correct view of “ Usury,” co
pied from the Encyclopaedia Americana, ft is the
true philosophy of the subject, whether viewed
in the light of political economy, or of abstract
justice. Free trade in money should be thedoc
trine of the masses, and doubtless will be when
the question is fully silted and thoroughly under
stood. It is the antipodes of combination and
monopoly among those who are looked to as mo-.
ney-kings, whether corporations or individuals.
It creates competition against monopoly, and en
courages an increase of the class recognized as
capitalists and private Bankers. It strips fi
nance of much of its mastery, and makes mo
ney-lending a business as simple as the sale of
Sugar and halt, Calico and Bacon. - Wdien mo
ney is dealt with as a commodity, it is a simple
calculation for any man to make what he can af
ford to borrow or buy at, and at what rate to
lend or sell; and the certainty of being alwavs
able to get the market price without legal hin
drance, will, with equal certainty, insure a con
stant supply. The business will no longer be
confined to a few Banks and their favorites, but
will be participated in by every class and condi
tion. Under a system of free trade in money,
that commodity will be quite as difficult of mo
nopoly as Corn, or Flour, or Houses, or Furni
ture, Horses or Hogs, or any other articles of
prime necessity and convenience. It. will take
time in tbisas in all other great changes for the
business of society to adapt itself to the new or
der of things; but as surely as water will find its
level, so surely would money adjust itself to the
laws of supply and demand.
This is a subject which should enlist the good
will of the borrower and the circumscribed in
means—of all who are,compelled to do business
moderately on borrowed capital. The tendency
of the abolition of usury laws is so lower the tax
for the use of money which prevent restrictions
and monopolies, impose on the enterprize of busi
ness men. But as a part of the new system, there
should be a material diminution of the exclusive
privileges enjoyed by law, by chartered monied
institutions, and a restraining power exercised
over their tendency to abuse.
ihe Richmond Enquirer furnishes the follow
ing interesting historical facts relating to the
Uusury Laws in England : i
It is a striking fact that British experience
is in favor of taking off restrictions upon the
loan ot money as is shown by the followin'*
facts : "
1. In ISIS a Committee of the House of Com
mons reported against Usury Laws.
2. J n August. 1833, the Laws were partially
repealed in «»reat Britain—bills of exchange
having three months ana less to run, being ex
empted from their operation.
3. This exchange worked well, and in July,
1837, the restrictions were taken off of notes
and bills of exchange, having twelve months to
run.
4. On the sth of August 1854, Parliament re
pealed the Usury Laws utterly. The vote was
unanimous in both Houses. It is now lawful
in Great Britain to loan money on any rate
of interest, and on any description of pro
perty. In the course of the del ate upon
the measure in the House of Lords, the Marquis
ol Landsdown used this remarkable language:
‘At the time of the commercial failures in the
jr ears 1836 and 1837, it was found that the great
est relief which was experienced was the result
ot a provision which had been introduced not
long previously into the act for the renewal ot
the Bank charter, enabling the Bank of Englaed
to dispense with the Usury Laws. 7 77
Examination of W. A. Archer.
The examination of W. A. Archer, charged
with the murder ot Samuel Wilson on Sunday
evening, will take place this morning at the
City Hall at 10 o’clock.
OS 7 ” We are indebted to the Hon. Wm. C.
Dawson, and the Hon. A. H. Stephens for copies
of De B<4;v 7 s Compendium of the 7th Census.
New York Money Market, Dec. 23. — The
Journal of Commerce says: There is a brisk de
mand for money which is freely met by capital
ists, but at full rates of interest.
J he stock market opened with more buoyancy
and closed at better rates. The Board of Stock
Brokers, with commendable liberality, voted an
appropriathmof $1,750 in charity, of which sl,-
000 is to LiAgiven to the “N. Y. Association for
the Amelioration of the condition of the Poor, 77
SSOO to Mr. Pease’s House of Industry, and $250
to the Brooklyn ‘'Society for Improving the con
dition of the Poor. 77 *
1 here is nothing doing in Foreign Exchange,
but sellers are very plenty, while buyers are as
scarce as--money.
Ihe news by the America is considered very
favorable.
Major W ise of the army, who was court-mar
tialed and suspended from service for six months,
for disobedience of Gen. Scott’s orders, now that
the term has expired, is about to rejoin his regi
ment which sailed for California some time ago.
■ I'he major has been presented with a sword by
the citizens of New York, as a token of their ad
! miration for his conduct as a soldier and a citizen
during his stay among them.
(communicated.)
Macon, Dec. 23d, 1854.
J. Gardner, Esq., Dear Sir: I find that there
I is a material error, which I wish you to correct,
j in the abstract published in your paper, of the
Premium list, on the “Dairy and Household De
partments. 77 In your publication you give a
premium awarded to Mrs. T. J. Smith of $15.00
to Mrs. A. J. Lane—both of Hancock county.—
To do justice to these ladies, and to whom great
credit is due for the labor bestowed and taste ex
hibited on their articles offered, I wish you to re
publish the awards, in substance, which are as
follows:
Mrs. T. J. Smith, of Hancock co.; for 50 va
rities, and the largest and best samples of Jellies,
Pickles, Preserves, Sweatmeats, Catsups, Cor
dials, &c., made and exhibited by one person.—
Premium $15.00.
Mrs. A. J. Lane, of Hancock county ; for about
50 samples of Jellies, Preserves, Pickles, Cat
sups, Syrups, Sweetmeats, Cordials, &c., with
directions for making. Premium of $2.00 on the
Jellies.
I see also, you have attached to this report, as
judges, the names of the gentlemen who sam
pled the )Vine. The judges were S. Rose, Mrs.
J. Van Buren and Mrs. J. S. Roland.
Respectfully yours, S. Rose.
Further per Steamer America.
Halifax, Dec. 23.—The R. M. steam ship
America from Liverpool on Saturday,the 9th in
stant, arrivedfherejthis afternoon.^
The Collins steam ship Atlantic, from New
York on the 25th ult., arrived at Liverpool at 11
A. M., on Wednesday the 6th inst.
The Arabia having taken in shot and ammu
nition at Kingston, would proceed to Marseilles
to embark French troops for the Crimea.
Theie is but little news ot interest from the
seat ot war, but negotiations are becoming most <
complicated and critical. O n the 2d ot Decern- (
ber a treaty ol alliance was signed at Yienna be- .
tween Austria, France and England. The ex
ict tennis are not known, but are surmised as fol- !
lows: Firstly, That Austria regards the viola- i
tion of the Turkish territory as war against her- <
<>elt. Secondly, That Austria will augment her
forces in the Principalities, so as to enable the 1
Turks to resume offensive operations. Third i
ly, That on the demand ot France and Engiand i
20,000 Austrians will be sent to the Crimea.
Fourthly, France and England guarantee that
the territorial possessions of Austria shall, under
all circumstances, remain undiminished. ' Ffth
ly, At present is secret. Sixthly, Prussia shall
be invited to join the alliance. Seventhly, The
treaty to come into operation on the part of Aus
tria, should Prussia not come to terms, before
January the 2d. i here is also published a let
ter from Count Nesselrode, setting forth the terms
on which the Czar will assent to peace, namely:
First, A joint guarantee by the five powers of
the protection of the whole Christain population
in Turkey. Secondly, A joint protectorate of
the five powers over the Principalities, subject
to existing Russian treaties. Thirdly, The re
vision of the treaty ot 1841, to which Russia
will assent if the Sultan will likewise do so.
Fourthly, The free navigation of the Danube.
Ihe speech of the King of Prussia to the
Chambers is also published. The King says
that the army shall be made ready for war, but
he retains indicating the course which Prussia
will adopt. Meantime the Berlin papers pub
lish a despatch from Baron Von Manteffeuiel,
Nov. 15th, to the ambassador at Vienna, ex
pressing the determination of the Prussian gov
ernment not to demand from Russia any conces
sion beyond the four points. It is indeed stated,
but should be received with caution, that at
a Council held on the 6th the King ot Prussia
determined to unite in the treaty with a view
to bring the war to a close.
The deliberations of the Germanic Diet Com
mittee are most important; the actual position
of affairs seems to be that Prussia insists on a
declaration in favor ot Prussian policy, or at least
of neutrality ; while on the contrary, Austria in
sists that the following point shall be declared :
‘‘ Whether the northeastern frontiers of Austria
are not sufficiently threatened to warrant an im
mediate support from the federal troops. Most
ol the Germanic States are with haste putting
their armies on a war footing. The present op
portunity for peace is propably the last, and if
this be rejected, we may be prepared to see, next
Spring, military operaffons on as large a scale
as they were during the great wars of the French
empire.
Ihe War..—Affairs before Sevastopol are un
changed. There has been some fighting, but
none of importance. The garrison continues to
make sorties. During the night of November
14th, in a hurricane of wind and rain, the Rus
sians made a sortie from the city on the French
camp, but were repulsed. On the 15th of No
vember, several men and horses died in the camp
from cold and exhaustion. The Russians quiet.
16th, fire very slack. 'A few redoubts were
completed by the British overlooking the inker
man road. Some reinforcements reached the
French. 17th, men and officers are constructing
tor the winler. An order has been issued by
Lord Raglan that no officer shall leave the camp
unless sick or wounded. Rffn is coming down
in torrents. 18th, weather more temperate.
Russians in the valley ; observed to have receiv
ed more reinforcements; supposed twenty thou
sand, under General Liprandi.
19th, the French made a reconnoisance in
force, and found the Russians busied in repairing
their artillery damaged in the previous battle.
Nov. 20th.—'I he 9th British Regiment landed
ex-Orinoco steamer. The Queen of the South
arrived with various drafts of British troops.
The French landed considerable reinforcements
at Kameiseh Bay. Firing very brisk from the
town, t-u fiuui tue rrenen^ana
British lines.
Nov. 21st to 24th.—Bombardment continued
! weak on the part of the allies. Their fire did
l little damage, and that little was constantly re
paired. The allies mainly occupied in strength
ening their positions against attack, and in es
, tablisbing new batteries—the fire of which has
not yet been opened. Menschikoff reports that
, the English had attempted to establish them
selves near the head of the dock yard, but were
repulsed with loss. Further reinforcement reach
ed the allies.
Nov. 25th.— Ihe Russians made a sortie but
were repulsed by the English, who, in pursuing,
took and retained 9 guns which the Russians
forgot to spike.
Another account says that they captured two
seven gur. redoubts. On the 26th, part of the
garrison attacked the French lines, but retired
with a joss of 230. Ihe French lost seventy
five.
j England.— The Arabia having taken in shot
and ammunition at Kingston, would .proceed to
Marseilles to embark French troops for the Cri
mea.
The intended augmentation of the British ar
my was to the extent ot 65,000.
Twenty-two of Mr. Oliver’s ships were sold
at .£lO-3,000 —all being bid in by bill-holders.
Spain. —The Spanish Chambers have decided
to support the present dynasty. The Ministry
had resigned on a financial trifle, but have re
sumed office. The crisis, however, still contin
ued.
Mr. Soule had arrived at Madrid and resumed
his post.
Denmark. —The Danish ministry has resign
ed.
|s&till Latter. — Ine position of Russia is very
indefinite.
The Russians were making frequent sorties at
Sevastopol but were repulsed. Nothing serious
had occurred. At the latest date—the 27th of
November—the siege continued.
The Duke of Cambridge was expected at Con
stantinople.
Admiral Hamelin had resigned the command
ot the French squadron in the Black Sea, and re
turned to France.
The remainder of the French troops had been
ordered to the Canibean sea.
The Governor of Utah.— A letter from
Washington, dated the 22d inst., says:
Governor ot Utah, was confirmed by the Senate
yesterday, in Executive session, aftera twoday’s
debate upon the subject. No objection was made
to Col. Steptoe, except so far as there was deem
ed to be an incompatibility between the offices
of Lieut-Colonel in the army and Governor ©f a
Territory. It was ascertained, however, yester
day afternoon, that Steptoe had promised so re
sign his rn.litary commission, if he should be ap
pointed Governor, and he was the’n confirmed al
most unanimously. Our history presents quite
a number ot cases, however, in which the same
individual has held two offices at one time.
John Jay, for instance, was Chief Justice of the
United States when he went airoad in 1794 as
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten
tiary of the United States to negotiate the impor
tant convention known as Jay’s Treaty. John
Marshall held the portfolio of Secretary of State
lor a month after he had been appointed Chief
Justice of the United States?- General Jacksor i
was Alcalde of Florida while in command ol an
army there. General Cass was Governor of the 1
Territory ofMichigan and Indian Agent at once- 11
and Brigadier General Riley was at the same i 1
time both Military Commander and Civil Gov- ’ ]
ernor in California.” | '
Anagrams. —A good anagram is as good in its :
own way as a good sonnet, and requires as much I 1
happy vjvacity of mind to accomplish it. Some
anagrams are admirable; for instance, two on I
the French “Revolution. One, in English is
Violence run forth ! The other is in French • and '
Revolution Franchise is Veto; un Corse la finiri l
—“Veto; a Corsican will end it!” “Swedish t
Nightingale,” is Sing high sweet Linda! very ! i
happy turning. “ParadiseLost” is transformed ! <
into Reap sad toils! and “Paradise regained” ! t
into Dead respire again! “Presbyterian” is !
made Best in prayer! and “Lawyers” find
themselves turned into SI/ Ware. At the time
when Louis Phillippe threatened to embroil Eu
rope with the marriage of the Queen of Spain
and her sister, an English opponent of “Spanish j -
Marriages,” launched an anagram at him—Rash 1 1
games in Paris—certainly as good as any other 0
that has been made.
BY TELEGRAPH
Later from California.
New York, Dec. 26. j
The steamer George Law had airived with
dates from San Francisco to the Ist inst.,and one
million and a half in gold.
i here was considerable excitement in San
Francisco, owing to the issuing of a writ of ha
beas corpus , discharging certain 'Russian prison
ers confined on board of the Sitka, a vessel cap
tured at Petrapaulowski. The writ had been
served and the commander ordered to C-Tng the i
prisoners before the court on the 27th. On the !
26tb, however, the Sitka left Tor Vancouver’s Is- j
land. Steps were taken next morning to issue i
an attachment against the officers of the Sitka,
should they come within the jurisdiction of the !
court.
Business was unchanged. Trade stagnant
prices lower than ever.
Thirty houses were burnt at Happy Valley on i
the 20th.
Later from Mexico.
New Orleans, Dec. 25.
The steamer Orizaba has arrived from Vera
Cruz with dates from the city of Mexico to the
19th inst. Two more government victories are
reported. Santa Anna is almost upanimousiy
elected President. Alvarez is within fifteen
leagues of the city of Mexico. The steamer !
Nautilus, supposed to have been lost, has arrived j
at Tampico. _ '
New Orleans, Dec. 25.
Cotton.—The market has advanced a quarter
to an eighth cent.
Charleston, Dec. 27.
CoTroN.—Sales to-day 400 bales at s*toßJ
cents. Good Middling 7J cents.
The steamship Isabel, which arrPed yester
day, placed us in possession of advices from
Havana and Key West to Saturday last. The
account furnished by our correspondent of the
confession of Lacoste, a passenger on board one
of the American schooners seized at Baracoa for
having a large quantity oj munitions of war on
board, will be read with feelings of the most in
tense interest. This unfortunate man confesses
that he proceeded to Cuba for the express pur
pose of assisting the patriots in their struggle for
freedom; that he has been betrayed by one who
was in the secret, and that he knows and fear
lessly contemplates the doom which awaits him.
it will thus be seen that a fresh victim is to be
sacrificed upon the altar of Spanish vengeance in
consequence of the total want of proper organiza
tion among the would be liberators themselves.
In all their movements they have thus far ex
hibited an utter incapability of accomplishing
the object they have in view; instead of com
bining together and striking with a oneness of
purpose, they appear to be divided into many
parties, each one of which seems to labor under
the mistaken belief that it alone can do the work
—consequently the different factions are con
tinually being betrayed by the Arnolds among
them, and their leaders fall into the hands of the
authorities. Cubans are constantly appealing to
the friends of liberty in this country for aid, but
how can they expect it so long as they them
selves are totally disorganized and incompeteht to
take even the preliminary steps of a revolution?
There is reason to believe that a general plan of
rebellion is being matured among them, and that
they will eventually take the field in a body and
make a stand against their foes; but until they
do so it is hoped that no American will compro
mise either himself or his government by inju
diciously espousing their cause. The Cubans
have our heartfelt sympathies, but it would be
unwise in any more of our people to go to their
relief before they are thoroughly satisfiad that
they are not being inveigled into a sanguinary
snare. —Charleston Standard , 21lh inst.
Singular Railroad Accident. — A singular
accident occurred at the depot of the W. & R.
Railroad Oompa/iy at Wilmington on Friday
night. The evening train in as usual, and
on arriving at the very heavy grade just north
of the depot, the brakes were attempted to he
applied, and the motion reversed, so as to stop
the progress ol the cars ; but some accident oc
curring to the machinery, it was lound impossi
ble to do so, and the train came rushing down the
plane, past the depot, and soon to the wharf,
where, meeting a piece of timber placed at its
edge lor the prevention of just such accidents,
the locomotive and tender bounced over into the
river, thereby breaking the connection with the
train, and opposing such other obstacles as to ar
rest its progress. It was most fortunate and
piovidential that the coupling irons connecting
the engine with the cars broke, else the entire
train, loaded with passengers, would have been
probably precipitated into the river, causing a.
fearful loss ol life. As it was, however, hut one
person received injury,—Mr. Quarles, the mail
agent, who sprang from the car and broke his
aim. One man went over with the locomotive
into the river, but was saved. The engineer and
fireman jumped off before reaching the wharf.
Llforts will be made to recover the locomotive
and tender from the bed ol the river, where they
now lie.
Who is Victoria ?—Victoria is the daughter
of the Duke of Kent, who was the son of George
the Third; who 1 was the grandson of George
the Second; who was the son of Princess So
phia; who was the cousin of Anne; who was
the sister of William and Mary ; who was the
daughter and son-in-law oi James the Second ;
who was the son of James the First; who was'
the son of Mary; who was the grand-daugher
of Margaret; who was the daughter of Henry
the Eighth ; who was the son of Henry the
Seventh ; who was the son of the Earl of Rich
mond; who was the son of Catharine, widow
of Henry the Fifth; who was the son of Henry
the Fouith ; who was the cousin of Richaid the
Second ; who was the grandsdn of Edward the
Third ; who was the son of Edward the Second ;
who was the son of Henry the Third; who
was the son ol John ; who was the son of Henry
the Second ; who was the son of Matilda ; who
was the daughter of Henry the First; who was
the brother of William Rufus; who was the son
ot William the Conqueror; who was the bast
ard son ol the Duke of Normandy, by a tanner’s
daughter, of Falaise.
A “good J un’ is told upon the authority of a
high judicial functionary. The wife of the own
er ol one of the Indiana free banks being in com
pany with some friends the all-absorbing financial
crisis became the. theme of conversation. The
lady above referred to, remarked that she hoped
her husband’s bank would “hold out till the fall
rains came on—in that case there would be no
danger of its breaking before next May.” When
interrogated for an explanation, she gave gave
a * ieasoir for the laith that was in her, that
the place in which the Bank was located could
not be approached after the fall rains, on account
of the mud !—Ohio Statesmad.
married,
On the 21st inst., by the Rev. T. B.Martin, Dr.
Wm. Rhodes, of Crawfordville, Ga., and Miss M.
A. E. Bickers, of Green county, Ga.
OBITUARY. ~~
Died, in Columbia county, on the Ist., Dec. 1854
Mrs. Catharine Watson, consort of Thos. m!
Watson, aged 52years.
Mrs. Watson has left a husband, several children
and many warm friends to deplore their loss. She
nras a kind, affectionate, and indulgent wife and
mother, and endeared to all her circle of acquain
tancos. As a wife and mother she had no superior:
! l ?V he ( f\ all that true friendship could
wish In her attachments, firm and unwavering •
iv art *f* C oor dissembling. But she is eone
Why grieve ? as the will of thf Lord will be done.
t B.
JACKSON STREET HOSPITAT
rriii £ U ,fi ) i CAL INFIRMARY FOR NEGROES
nnHE UNDERSIGNED have deemed it advis- ,
. J to ai f‘l the term “Hospital” to their Sur
gical Infirmary, for though the institution is intend
ed principally for cases requiring Surgical Opera
tions and Surgical Treatment, its accommodation
is not entirely restricted to these; —we receive cases
or any nature occurring in the Negro, provided
they are not of an infections character
H F. CAMPBELL, M. D.
- 2r . f ROBERT CAMPBELL M*!>T' I
_ ** Attending Physician.
A MONTH lost, and stiiFwe have~afarcf»
. s “"=1 i hand that w„are aniS
10 °I wholesale or retail on terms that I
can hardly tad to be satisfactory ,
novlfi L HA NCOCK A CO.,
novl6 210 Broad Street.
ZH-mBggJL-L |
gjurlnl Wotirfg.
Ojf The Annual Election of Directors of
the Augusta A Waynesboro’ Railroad,
will take place on Monday, the Ist of January
next, at the office @f the Savannah, Albany Sl
Gulph Railroad, Savannah, between the hours of
10 o’clock, A. M., and 2, P. M.
I dec2B 4 A. R. Lawton, President.
Augusta Machine Works, Dec. 26th,
1854.—An adjourned meeting of the,
; Stockholders of this Company will be 4eld at the
Works, on Thursday 28th inst-, at 3 o'clock, P. M.
It is hoped and expected that each Stockholder
will personally attend, as business of much impor
tance will be laid before them.
dec27 2 W. M. Hight, President. •
The Members of the Philharmonic
Society aro requested to meet To
morrow (Thursday) 28th inst., at 7 o’clock, P. M.,
at the residence of Dr. Wm. E. Dearing.
Furniture Kaft'le.—ln order to af
ford all an opportunity to redeem their
Tickets laid aside, and for those who wish to pur
chase, the raffia will take place the 6th January,
i under the Augusta Hotel, at the store recent
ly occupied by Mr. Roll, where the Furniture can
be seen, and the remaining Tickets can be had.—
Tickets can be had at F. C. Farber’s, Washing
ton Street, and John Millkn, Jaokson Street,
near the Globe Hotel. Call soon, or you will be
too late. ts dec24
South Carolina Railroad.—AUGUS
TA i Geo., Dec. 22d, 1854 —Consignees
by this road are respectfully notified, that in all
cases, payments of Freight will be required beforo
1 delivery of Goods. Jno. E. Marlky, Agent,
j _ d tJI
Portrait l ain ting.—Mr. C. Beruff
ca u he found at his rooms on Constitu
tionalist range, and is prepared at all times to exe
cuto Likenesses, which he will warrant to give
satis/action. The past summer has been a melan
choly one to a number of our citizens, who have
lost relatives dear to them. To such, ho would
j ' °y good Daguerreotype Likenesses
of the departed, he can re-produce them on can
vass, which will last for centuries, at a moderate
cost.
His Drawing School will bo opened on the
first Tuesday in January next, and feeling grateful
for past patronage on the part of the citizens of
! Augasta, he solicits a continuance.
Those who prefer Pastel Portraits; can
nave them handsomely executed. dec23
Notice.—Mechanics’Bank, Augus
ta, Ga., Dec. 22, 1854.—An Election
will be held at the Banking House, cn Monday,
the first day of January next, within the hours of
10 o’clock, A. Mi, and 2, P. M., for Nine Directors,
to manage the affairs of this Institution during
the ensuing year. M. Hatch, Cashier.
dec22
City Taxes.—All persons in arrears
for City Taxes, would do well to call at
my office and settle, otherwise executions will have
to be issued and levied. Other debts due the City
Council must bo paid forthwith, or handed over to
the tormentors. John Hill, C. A T. C. A
dec 22 dlO
a Interesting.—Ladies and Gentlemen
can acquire an elegant flowing style of
Penmanship, for Card-writing. Business or Episto
lary uses, at a trifling expense, by securing a few of
'vthose well-directed lessons from Professor Sadler.
Rooms in Masonic Hall. Hours of Instruction—
for Ladies, 3 o’clock, P. M.; Gentlemen, 7, P. M.
Instruction given on the Flute or Violin.
__ dec 19 ts
?.yT[jg : S3 P. Regers, D. I)., of Phila-.
jjaK-*2s> delphia, will receive into his family, as
Boarders, several young Ladies, whose pawmts
may desire them to be educated at the North, and
will superintend their education at any one of the
excellent Female Schools in that city. By this ar
rangement they can enjoy the advantages of the
i home circle, and at the same time secure, at a re
-1 duced expense, all the advantages of the best insti
| tutions. For particulars, apply by letter to
j Rev. E. P. Rogers,
I dec!2 502 Chestnut-st., Philadetphia.
i [ Dancing Academy, Masonic Hall.
, ! —Prof. H. C. Lifpard has the honor
; to inform his patrons, and the public, that he has
resumed his Classes for the season, at Masonic
’ Hall, where he will teach all the now and fash
ionable Dances extant, having acquired, during his
recent sojourn at the North, a practical knowledge
of the most novel introductions of the art, from
the most qualified roasters
Mr. LI takes this opportunity of thanking the
r citizens of Augusta for thf hind support k® r «t„fure,
and pledges himself to renewed efforts for its con
[ tinuance.
. Classes, for young Ladies and Children, every
t Monday, Wednesday and Saturday, during the
season, at 3£ o’clock, P. M.
Classes, exclusively for young Gentlemen, Mon
| days, Wednesdays and Fridays, at 7s, P. M.
Fae Club, which is under the management ot
> the prominent young men of the city, will continne
i to hold their Practicing Assemblies Ivory al
| terpate Friday Evening. Terms moderate- dec 12
Eagle Sc Phoenix Ba fßooin. —The
Proprietor of the above Bar Room
would inform the public, that thay have been at
much expense in fitting it up, and as they intend
keeping on hand none but the best of Wines,
Liquors, and Segars, they hope to receive a
liberal support from the public. All they ask is a
call and atrial of the different artie'es they keep
on hand, which they think cannot b surpassed by
any Bar Room in this city. Open night and day.
BILLIARD SALON.
They have low up a splendid Billiard Table and
m the course of a week or two will have up another,
to which they would call the attention of the
lovers of that manly and healthy game. The Bil
liard Saloon will have careful and polite atten
dants, and every exertion wilt be used to give satis
taction to those who may favor them with their
custom. „
Lunch and Soup every day from 10 to 12 o’clock
dc ° l2 i m
The Exercises of Miss Catonnet’s
Seminary were resumed on Monday,
Nov. 13th, at the corner of Greene and Washing
ton Streets. &
The Harp, Piano, and French will be taught by
Mrs. DELEiiat.
A few young Ladies can be accommodated with
board at the Seminary. ts nov2l
a Removal.—Dr. Wm. E. Dearing has
removed his residence and office to
, Dwelling north side of Broad street, two doors
above Messrs. T. Richards A Son’s Bookstore.
Entrance from the alley. al m nov 26
Again Open.—Tho Augusta Premi
um Daguorroan Gallory—The subscri
ber, grateful for the very liberal patronage hereto
fore received, would respectfully announce to the
public, that bis Daguerroan Rooms are again open,
and he will be happy to furnish all who wish, with
one or more of his superior pictures, unsurpassed
for their depth of tone and life-like expression.
Hours for operating, from 9, A. M., to 4 P M
A full stock of Instruments and Materials on
hand, and Artists in the country can bajsupplied
at a small advance on New York prices
paid tor WOOLLEN, LINEN
SILK RAGS by
„ E - CAMPFIELD,
_ an 20 ts Corner River and Jackson-st
Dr. J. H. Spears, having haTan'am
pie opportunity, being resident Physi
cian so r several months in an hospital, respectfully
offers his professional services to the citizens of
Augusta Office removed on Ellis street, between
Campbell and Camming streets. oct3 ts
'i/gc-' a . 1 Private Sale, without reserve,
the entire stock of Fancy and Staple
Dry Goods, now opened and ready for inspection,
at the Store of Cosgrove and Brennan, above the
Globe corner.
The undersigned offers for sale, at New York
cost the entire stock of Dry Goods, amounting to
about Seventy-five Thousand Dollars worth, and
embracing almost every article in the Dry Goods
lire, the terms will be Cash, or for amounts of
One Hundred Dollars, and over, approved paper
at throe months, with interest from date of sale.
Country Merchants, and the Trade in general, are
invited to call and examine the Goods and prices.
All orders promptly attended to.
d . . _ , T. Brennan,
Surviving partner of the firm of Cosgrove A
Brennan. dtf novlfi
Removed.—Cosgrove A Brennan
have removed their stock of Dry Goods
from tho old store ofT. J. Cosgrove A Co., known as
' ov ! e J storo - Having no further connection
with that house, they would invite their friends to
call at their upper store above tllß Qlobe oorn6r)
£:! r ® y , a o° now °P° nin g aa extensive stock ol
h ancy and Staple Dry Goods, which they will
so lat cost to wind up tho business of the firm and
satisfy the heirs of T. J. Cosgrove, deceased.
novl4 »ts
Mr. c. Zogbaum begs leave to in
form his friends and the public, that
he hap returned to the city, to resume his instruc
tion in Music, vocal and instrumental (Piano
rorto) The Philharmonic Society of Augusta,
for the advancement of Vocal Music, will be’re
organized. Persons who wish to become Members,
either actual or social, will please leave their names
with Mrs. W.E. Dearing, Messas. W. J. Ansley,
•_ Ferr y» D- B. Plumb. dtf nov22
To Country Merchants wishing to /
find a fine stock of good Clothing,
wholesale or retail, will please call in at
J.M.N ewby A Co.’s Store,
septl4 Under the United States Hotel,