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THE WOMEN OF F.NGLAN%
WOMEN. OF AMERId^T
the White Slaves of Great Britain.
DONALD M‘LEOD‘B LETTER.
Mm. Ex-Presicjcnt John Tyler to the Dutchess of
Southerland and Others.
\Fro>mhtt Richmond Enquirer, Jan. 28.]
T 0 THE DUTCHESS QF SUTHERLAND AND THE
LADIES OF ENGLAND.
Your address to your sisters, the women of tlie
United States, on the subject of domestic slave
ry, as it exists among us, which has appeared in
<»iir public journals, should be acknowledged by
some One of the vast number of those to whom
it is addressed, without awaiting the publication
of the more formal communication. There are
some of the concerns of life in which conven
tionalities are properly to he disregarded, and
this is one of them. A reply to your address
must necessarily be the work of some one indi
vidual among us, or must go altogether unper
formed. Woman, In the United States, with
but few exceptions, coniines herself within that
sphere for which the God who created her seems
to have designed her. Her cirsle is, literally and
emphatically, that of her family; and such she
is content that it shall be. Within that circle
her influence is felt over the relations of life, as
wife, mother, mistress—and as she discharges
the duty of one, or all of these relations, so is she
respected or otherwise. To cast a doubt upon
her fidelity in any one of them is to excite
against her thejodium of the community, and, in
a great measure, to dethrone her from her high
position. She knows nothing of political con
ventions, or conventions ol any other sort than
such as are held under suitable pastors of the
church, and are wholly directed to the advance
ment of the Christian religion. Such is empha
tically the case with the women of the Southern
States. Do you wish to see them, you must vis
it their homes. Do you desire to ascertain the
nature of their employments, you must enter
tljeir family circles, and, believe me, good sisters
of England”, you would fihd in their Christian
deportment, and perfect amiability of manners,
enough at once to inspire you with the most ex
alted respect and esteem. You might find no
splendid vestments of dress, no glittering dia
monds, no aristocratic displays. No, the vest
ments they wear are those of meekness and
charity, their diamonds are gems of the heart,
and their splendor the neatness, and order, and
contentment, which everywhere greets the eye ;
and that neatness, that order, and that content
ment, is in nothing more observable than in the
well clothed and happy domestics who welcome
your arrival, and heap upon you every comfort
during your sojourn under the roofs of their mas
ters. You will see then how utterly impossible
it would be to expect the women of the United
States to assemble in convention, either in person
or l»y proxy, in Order to frame an answer to your
address. Nay, 1 must, moreover, in all frank
ness, declare to you, that the women of the
South, especially, have not received your address
in the kindest spirit. They regard it as entirely
incompatible with all confidence in or consider
ation lor them, to invoke the interposition of the
women of what are called the free Slates, in a
matter with which they have no more to do
than have yourselves, and whose interference in
the question can produce no other effect than to
excite disturbance, and agitation, and ill-will,
and possibly, in the end, a total annihilation of
kind feeling between geographical sections. It
is the province of the women ol the Southern
States to preside over the domestic economy of
the estates anil plantations ot their husbands —
it is emphatically their province to vis it the
sick, and attend to the comfort of all the laborers
upon such estates, and it islelt to be but a poor
compliment to the women ol'the fouth to sup
ponse it necessary to introduce other superinten
dence than their own over the condition of their
dependants and servants. They see, too, or fan
cy they see, in the fact that the address which
you have made them was handed to you, already
prepared for signature, by the editors of the
newspaper press of England, and that, according
to the admission of the Duchess of Sutherland
in her opening address to your convention, your
convention itself is but the offspring of the same
political newspaper press—l say. they see enough
in all this to excite not their sympathies but
their apprehensions. They also see, or fancy
that they see, in your movement, the lingers of
your greatest statesmen. The Countess of Der
by, Ihe Viscountess Palmerston, the Countess of
Carlisle, Lady John Russel, not to mention
others of distinction, and notoriety, would scarce
ly be complimented by a supposition that they
liad signed or openly approved such an address
without the concurrence of their husbands.
The women of the Southern States are, for the
most part, well educated; indeed, they yield not
in this respect to any females on earth, and they
have peculiar opportunities of acquiring know
ledge in regard to the public concerns of the
world. Politics is almost universally the theme
of conversation among the men, in all their co
teries and social gatherings, and the women
would be stupid indeed, if they did not gather
much information from this abundant source.
Hence they are not ignorant of the rapid growth
of their beloved country, or of the promises of its
early future. Their mothers knew this land
when it contained but three millions of inhabi
tants, and numbered but thirteen States. Their
children know it now ns the great confederated
republic whose population already equals 20,-
0(10,000, and whose dominions are washed by
the waters of two oceans. Believe me, that its
magnitude now, and its importance in the fu
ture, is as fully known to the women of the
United Stfttes, as it is to your husbands, and eili
ters, and wtosaun. Our census tables hliow a
Ttipnr«n-.m of oni'/population in every cycle ot
Twenty-three years ; so that by the time theiu
*mit now in the cradle shall have attained to the
"TPjgct' of sianhoe-vthat popfilalhni will'aiA* in
creased to Vo.000,000; and by the tinftethnt
t -<ii •••«* HUtB'S W OIUJII
into Too"”"0,00tr. We need go no farther in
the estimate, in order to unveil that immense
futm. which lies before us—a future, unrivalled
in phint of power by anything the world has
heretofore aeon—a future which already fixes up
on it the intense and steadfast gaze of the states
men of other countries—a future which unfolds
a new destiny, a happier and a brighter one, I
1 rust, Ibijthe human family—a future to be regar
ded with rapture by the lover ol man, and
which may cause privilege to shiver amt trem
ble with fear in all its fibres and arteiies. 1 al
lude not to any power of the sword. No,
i allude so a power more resistless, and
more certain in its results—the power of
example—the example of a free, prosperous and
great people, among whom all artificial dis
tinctions of society are unknown ; where
preferment is equally open to all, and man’s
capacity for self-government is recognized and
conclusively established. The women of the
United States foresee all this, and they also
thoroughly comprehend the fact that all confed
eracies have heretofore, in the history of the
world, been broken up and destroyed by the
machinations of foreign governments; and if
such has been the fate of other ton fed racies, how
much more vigilant ought we to bo, to guard
against the filial results which have attended on
others, and to look with suspicion, come lrom
what quarter it may, on all interference in our
domestic concerns. If the Achaian and other
leagues could not withstand the machinations of
the powers of their day, how truly sensitive
plight we to be on a point which proved so fatal
to them; and it the foreign States, by whom such
confederacies were surrounded, felt it to be due
1;o their own safety to destroy them by their
machinations, have we not reason te suppose
thata tenfold interest is found in our case, in
\ inw'of the rapid growth of the United States,
and iu-the ymly developemont of that future
which will clothe this country with all the ele
ments ot control in the atfairs of the world?
Government's and countries which are now look
ed upon as stars ot the first magnitude, will, ere
long, if the United Slates roll on in their present
orbit, be secondary and tertiary in the political
hemisphere. This is quite as thoroughly kuown
by us as by you, women of England, and there
fore you should not be in the slightest degree sur
prised at the suspicion with which your address
is regarded by all the thinking women, not only
of the South, but ot the whole Union. We know
that there is but one subject on which there is a
possibility ot the hark ofthis Union—
a possibility, however, which I trust is very re
mote—and to that very subject you have given
your attention; and not only so, hut have sub
scribed an address, not prepared by yourselves,
as the emancipation of your own susceptible
hearts, but the admitted production of the news-
j taper press of England,’which affects a maw
kish sensibility on a subject with which it has
nothing properly to do, and all for ends which
every reflecting person cannot fail to under
stand.
Nor is this suspicion in any degree removed
by the fact on which you predicate your ad
diess, viz.: the fact that your country inflicted on
her then colonies the “curse” of slavery in oppo
sition to their frequent and solemn protests. In
the historical fact you are certainly correct.—
The colony of Virginia, and, I believe, most of
the other colonies, were constant and earnest in
ther remonstrances; and one of the causes set
forth in the Declaration of Independence, as pre
pared and written by a son of Virginia, was a
continuance of the slave trade by the mother
country in despite of all remonstrance on the
part of the colonies. Thus, then , England not
only permitted but encouraged the slave trade,
for a period of a century and a half, as a means
of swelling her coffers; and the infamous traffic
could only be expelled from this country by the
force and power of the sword. Your Kings and
Queens, sustained by your Parliament and peo
ple, entered into treaties, and formed contracts,
for the purpose of reaping a rich harvest of pro
fit from the trade—and the voice of the slave
dealer on the shores of Africa was perfect music
in their ears, because it was the music of gold
told into the . treasury, and all merry England
danced with joy at the pleasant sound. You
have been well informed, doubtless, of the trea
ties made by your Queen Anne, of “ blessed
memory,” and the crown of Spain, which stipu
lated a monopoly of the trade in close jrartner
ship between those royal personages, to the ex
clusion of all the world beside. Yes, you are al
together correct in ascribing whatever there is
of immorality or crime, in the present condition
of the Southern States, to your own England.
The colonies remonstrated, and remonstrated in
vain, until driven to desperation by her per
severance, they severed the bonds that hound
them to England, and established their inde
pendence, and abolished the slave trade by
their only resource, the power of the sword.—
The great slave market, in which England had
enjoyed a monopoly, was thus lost to her; and
from that moment she began to discover that
there was something rather immoral in the traf
fic. Before, the slave ship was a stately argosy
laden with treasure. The groans of its unhappy
victims could not be heard above the surges ot
jhe ocean. Scon after, a faint.cry could be heart, t
* .-V"
• - ' i
borne on the winds from Africa’s coast: and
now, the Parliament House resounds with; the
clanking of the ebairis and the cries of the vic
tims. Such the jtaighty influence of the Ameri
can Revolution,, and suchjthe power of the sword
wielded in that ever glorious struggle. I desire
to tell you; women of England, plainly, that your
address, prepared not by yourselves, but by oth
ers, comes, therefore, to us. laden with suspi
cions, when you advert, as tyo groundwork of
your interference with our domestic institutions,.
to the fact of the lo«ncr criminality of England,
with a continuance of a monopoly of tire trade
over our broad acres up to the present day, have
clothed herself in sackcloth and ashes, as she
now has done? Where was her humanity and
her Christian philanthropy for the long period ol
150 years? Our ancestors on this side of the
Atlantic thundered, through their remonstrances,
at the doors of the Parliament House, and at the
gates of her royal palaces—and yet, for all that
long period, she had no ears to hear, no heart to
understand. No sympathy, and no philanthro
py, such as now exists, found place in the stately
palace. How has happened all this? It would
be well for you to inquire. Doubtless some of
your distinguished husbands can give you plaus
ible explanations—at least such as will content
politicians on your side of the water. The edi
tors of the newspaper press can come again to
your aid ; but will it be an easy task to convince
us that the people of the present generation are
better, more moral and more Christian, than all
who have gone before them—that your right
reverend bishops and prelates are more pure and
orthodox than all their predecessors—that your
kings and queens, your nobles and gentry, are
influenced by a higher spirit of Christianity
than all who have preceded them—that your
statesmen of the present day are superior, in
moral excellencies, to those illustrious men who
shaped the destinies of England in past times,
and left to history undying names ? It will be
a very, very difficult matter, to furnish us with
satisfactory reasons for this great and sudden
conversion of a whole people, after losing the
American market, on the subject of the slave
trade—and we, women of the United States,
must ever receive with suspicion all interfer
ence in our domestic affairs on the part of the
noble ladies of England, or any portion of her
inhabitants. Such interference implies either a
want of proper and becoming conduct on our
part in the management of our negroes, or it
seeks to enlist the sympathies of the world
against us. Your own address, (I have the char
ity to suppose that it was written in ignorance
of the fact, as it is,) represents the Southern
States as denying to their slaves all religious in
struction —a calumny more false was never ut
. tered. So far from it, no Sabbath goes by that
j the places of worship are not numerously attofd*
' ed by the black population-edifying discoiSw*-
are delivered to them, and often by colored pas
tors, and large numbe rs ~°f them are’ ill coinmu
nfOn with the churches. And yet your tears
are made to flow lreely over the sad and melan
choly privations of the children of Africa, to
whom the bread oflife is represented as denied.
Your assertion could only have been derived
from some dealer in, and retailer of, fiction. It
is known how readily woman’s heart responds
to either real or Imaginary distress; and when
woman joins in the concerns ol the busy world,
how readily hersympathies become excited by
an artificial, as well as a real, picture of human
suffering. This sympathy, which makes her
the gem of creation, rather disqualifies her as a
legislator, and subjects her to be made the in
strument of the designing. One fact is incon
trovertible, and I recommend it to the conside
ration of the Duchess of Sutherland, and her
compeers of high and low degree : that England,
when she had the power to prevent the intro
duction of negroes into the United States, most
obstinately refused to do it; but now that she is
deprived of her authority, either to advise or
dictate, she sighs and sheds tears, and complains
over the injustice and the wrong. The croeo
.dile, good sisters of England, is said to cry most
piteously; but woe to the unhappy traveller who
is beguiled by its tears !
I have thus attempted to deal candidly with
you in disclosing some of the grounds of the sus
picions, which, in the estimation of many, attach
to your proceedings. I will go further, and in
form you that it is belter for both you and us
that we abstain, in future, from all possible in
terference with each other in the domestic con
cerns ol our respective countries. In the first
place, such interference comes with ill grace from
either of us, and can be received with no favor.
In morals we believe ourselves quite your equals,
and, therefore, it sounds harshly in our ears to be
admonished by you of our sins, leal or imagi
nary. There is a proud heart in the American
breast, which rebels against all assumption on
the part of others, although they may wear du
cal coronets, or be considered tire stars of fashions
in foreign courts. Manage your own a I lairs as
best you may, and leave us to manage outs as
we may think proper. Each of us will find
abundant employment in the performance of oui
respective duties. If you wish a suggestion as
to the suitable occupation ol your idle hours, 1
will point you to the true field for your philan
thropy—the unsnpplied wants of your own peo
ple of England. In view of your palaces, there
is misery and suffering enough to excite your
most active sympathies. I remember to have
seen lately, that there were in the city of Lon
don alone 100,000 persons who rose in the morn
ing without knowing where or how they were
to obtain their “daily bread,” and I remember,
also, somewhere to have seen that the Eleemo
synary establishment of England costs annually
;C10,000,000 sterling—a sum greater than that
expended by this frugal and economical gov-
eminent ol ours, with its army ami navy,
and ci il and diplomatic list.
Surely, surely,here is a field large enough for the,
ejtnrclfc „[■ tha m'at generous sympatiiy, the’
roost unbounded Go, rfir good fill terns®,
of Sutherland, op an emlwssy of mercy to the
|joor,' l h v 1 r 'ckt|| the hungry and the naned 01.
vour o wff I wtpnrtjtfx
ot'-ymrrernnrmous wealth; a single jewel from ,
your hair, a single gem from your dress, would
relieve many e jv>or female of England, who is
now cold, and shi.vering, and destitute. . Enter
the abode of desolation and Want, and cause
squalid wrethchedness to put on one smile of
comfort, perhaps the fust one which has lighted
up its face for a life-time. Leave it to the wo
men of the South to alleviate the sufferings of
their dependents, while you take care of your
own. The negro of the South lives sumptuous
ly in comparison with the 100,000 of the white
population of London. He is clothed warmly in
winter, and has his meat twice daily without
stint of bread. Have your working men, wo
men and children as well clothed, and as well
fed, and then go to the serfs of Russia and
the negroes of America. No, I recant the
advice. To the serfs ol Russia you will not go.
That is an European affair—the affair of a high
and imperial monarch, and of a rich and power
ful aristocracy. The poor serf may toil and la
bor, and stretch his heart strings until they
crack in agony, and yet the noble ladies of En
gland will express no sympathy for him,
and present no address to their sisters of
Russia upon the subject of serfdom.
You will in no event disturb yourselves with
the past, present, or future condition ol the serf.
The newspaper press would admonish you of the
danger of interfering in that quarter, and the
Emperor Nicholas will go unquestioned as to
the manner and extent of his royal sway. But,
l return to your subject—the state of slavery in
our Southern States—and I tell you, that you aie
mistaken in supposing that the Southern heart
is different from ypur own in its sympat hies and
emotions. Believe me, that the human heart is
quite as susceptible with us as with you. Moral
ists, and dealers in fiction, may overdraw
and give false coloring, as they are licensed todo;
but be not deceived into the belief that the heart
of man or woman, on this side of the Atlantic is
either more obdurate or cruel, than on yours.
There is no reason, then, why you should leave
your fellow subjects in misery at home, in order
to take your seat by the side of the black man
on the plantations of America. Even if you
are horror-stricken at the highly colored picture
of human distress, incident to the separation of
husband and wife, and parents, and children, un
der our system of negro slavery—a thing, by
the way of rare occurrence among us, and then
attended by peculiar circumstances—you have
no occasion to leave your own land for a similar,
and still harsher, and more unjust exercise of
authority. (Jo, and arrest the proceedings of
your Admiralty ! Throw your charities between
them and the press-gang ! He has fought the bat
tles of England all over the seas. He was at the
Nile. He bled and conquered at Trafalgar. He
caught yotir gallant Nelson in his arms as he
was falling on the bloody deck; received his
last breath, and consigned his remains to the
bosom of St. Paul’s Cathedral. He has made
England what she is, great and powerful. Shall
he not, after all this, be permitted to enjoy the
sunshine of home, with his wife and little ones,
for a single day ? He has perrilled his life for
England—he has returned from a five years’ ab
sence in distant seas—his wife and children
look with rapture upon his weather-beaten
countenance—he holds the loved ones in his
embrace—but the press-gang comes, and his fit
ful dream of happiness is over. If he resists,
there are fetters for his limbs! If he talks of
England’s proudly boasted common law, there
is no law for him. Magna Charta is farce, and
the Petition of Right a mockery, as far as he is
concerned. Go, sisters of England, to your
Queen, your Prime Minister, your Parliaments,
and your courts, and ask their interference to
arrest this moral and political iniquity, and you
will be told, “Woman should have no concern
with politics—back to your drawing-rooms and
nurseries.”
For another subject quite as fruitful of sym
pathy, I need not only refer you to the condi
tion of Ireland, with its population but recently
starving for food, which was freely supplied from
our granaries, and at this moment craving mercy
from avaricious landlords, who, to extend the
area of grazing lands, are levelling their humble
cottages to the ground, and sending them forth
to die upon the public highways. Women of
England 1 go thither with your tender charities.
There, on the roadside, sinks an attenuated and
exhausted mother, still straining her perishable
child to her breast, while the unhappy husband
and father, himself foodless and raimentless, sheds
drops of agony over the heart-rending scene.
Spare from the well-fed negroes of these States
one drop of your superabounding spmpathy, to
pour into that bitter cup which is overrunning
witli sorrow and with tears. Poor, suffering,
down-trodden Ireland ! land of poetry and song,
of noble feeling and generous emotions —birth
place of the warrior, the statesman, the orator—
there is no -room for you in the sympathizing
hearts of the women of England. Let the Celtic
aace be driven by starvation, from the land of
their fathers, and its exodus would be regarded,
not with sorrow, but with joy and gladness by
the secret heart of England. “Religious tolera
tion” is but an unmeaning phrase with the peo
ple of Great Britain—it extends not beyond the
lips. A great difference in creed has been the
death-blow to Ireland.
I reason nqt with you on the subject of our
domestic institutions. Such as they are, they
are ours. “We fear the Greeks though bearing ,
presents.” Never was adage more applicable— \
although professing friendship and sympathy, i
we cannot consent that England shall mix her- ,
self up with our concerns. We prefer to work ■
out our own destiny- When she might nave
(lone so she gave not relief. We asked her for
bread, and she gave us a stone. The African,
under her policy, and by her lawß, became pro
pel ty. That property has descended from fath
er to sou, and constitutes a large part of South
ern wealth. We desire no intrusion of Advice
as to our individual property rights, at home or
abroad. We meddle not with your laws of pri
mogeniture and entail, although they are ob
noxious to our notions of justice, and are in vio
lation of the laws of nature. Would the noble
ladies of England feel no resentment if We
should address them upon these subjects? And
yet is there a certainty that our voice would not
be heard by the toiling landless millions, in fa
vor of a system which we consider more wise,
more just and more consistent with the holy
word of God ? We, however, preach no cru
sade against the aristocratic establishments. It
is enough for us that we do not allow them to
exist among ourselves. We are content to
leave England in the free enjoyment of her pe
culiar institutions; and we insist upon the right
to regulate ours without her aid. I pray you to
bearfin mind that the golden rule oflife is for
each to attend to his own buriuess and let his
neighbor’s alone! This means peace, love,
friendship. The opposite means hatred, ill-will,
contention. It destroys the peace of neighbor
hoods. and is the fruitful cause of discord
among nations. I must also say to you frankly,
that we regard England as an indifferent adviser
on the subject of negro slavery. Her states
manship, if it be judged by her course of policy
in regard to the West India Islands, would give
her no exalted position ; unless, indeed, ianati
cism be a wise and sound policy. No, we pre
fer to follow our own conception of what is pro
per for us to do. Our eyes are turned across the
ocean, not in the direction of England, but to
Africa. The footprints of our policy are seen
in the colonies there established, already become
independent States—in the voluntary emanci
pation of slaves by our citizens as preparatory
of emigration to Africa—a course ol emancipa
tion which from 1790 to 1800, has increased our
table in Virginia, of free persons in the ratio of
301 per cent, while the white population has
only increased 102} per cer cent, and the slaves
but 04 J per cent. These interesting statistics I
extract from a memorial recently presented to
the Legislature of Virginia, asking additional
: aid ?o further the colonization of freed negroes
( in Liberia. Thus we seek to retribute the
i wrongs done by England to Africa, by return
ing civilization lor barbarism—Christianity for
idolatry. We desire no such boon as England
bestowed on her islands—no blight so abiding,
no mildew so destructive—no ultimate war be
tween the races, no bloody, desolating, and fi
nally annihilating. Steam is conquering dis
tance, and Africa will be brought nearer and
nearer to our shores with each revolving year—
and the results of a policy, at once wise and
discreet, commencing with slaveholding Vir
. giuia, and extensively adopted by the people of
the United States, will claim, sooner or later,
the admiration of mankind.
America might love England if England
would permit her. A common descent, a com
mon language, mutual interests, and, to a great
extent, a common heritage of freedom, should
draw the two nations together. The disposi
tion of the Southern mind, (I speak what Ido
know) is to cultivate the closest friendship with
England. Nearly all of the Southern people
are descendants of the first settlers. They have
kindred blood, almost unmixed by emigration,
flowing in their veins. Their interests lead
them to {cherish the principles of free trade.—
Their cotton, their rice, and other productions
of the soil, find extensive maikets in Great
Britain. They would have them still more free
—still more widely open. For myself, when I
have visited England, it has been with emotions
of reverence, growing out of the recollections
of the historic page. Westminister Abby, with
its undying memorials—the noble monuments
of the past scattered over the face of the coun
try—the very ruins spoke of an ancestry alike
dear to the American and Englishman. My
intermixture of Scotch blood, derived from a
leader of two Scottish clans, who lost life, cas
tle and estate in the wars of King Charlie, with
the pure Anglo-Saxon, in no degree abated my
ardor and enthusiasm, when I looked upon these
mementoes of the mighty past, in which so
many ol us here claim a common interest with
you. But, if England will sever these ties ; if,
instead of cultivating good feeling with us, she
chooses rather to subject us to taunt, to ridicule,
to insult in the grossest form; and, above all,
improperly to interfere in our domestic affairs;
if she scatters her nobility among us, first to
share our hospitality and then to abuse us ; if,
what is still worse, she sends her emissaries, in
the persons of members of Parliament, to stir up
our people to mutiny and revolt; if, which is
quite as objectionable, her public press shall in
cite her -women, and the more illustrious for
birth the Worse ft makes the matter, to address
us homilies pn justice, humanity and philanthro
py, as if we had not, like themselves, the advan
tage of civilization, and the lights of Christiani
ty, with all the desire to cultivate relations of
undying amity, the men of the United States,
deriving their spirit from their mothers and their
wives, may be foiced into the adoption ol a very
different feeling with regard to Great Britain.
Julia Gardine<i v Tyler.
i Sherwood Forest, Virginia, Jan. 24,|1853.
Chinese Oaths.
I cisco Hmntei, a brief report of a case txi*d ift
I il)c Superior Court, in whlcafr the dr'tmid/.ci,
f’.vcio Chine®**,-!»*—.*»• tn»ii *e\VC suited that
evidence-of a Chinaman was takeu in be
-1 half of his countrymen, Tong A'hieit, the in
; telligent Chinaman, whose name has become
quite familiar to our readers, was a party to the
suit, and as he is well acquainted with our lan
guage, his services were put in requisition du
ring the ceremony of administering to his coun
trymen the proper legal oath. We were after
wards at some pains to obtain from him the oath
as administered, and we now present it, both in
the Chinese, and as literally translated. It was
as follows :
“ Lap sei chaong yun Kwoh Ayun kum tsoi
tsi kung tong chok ching e sat ko sat ho mo se
kook Sheong ter kam-chat ping kung seoo che.
Yattseenpat pak oong-shap yee neen shap
yee yuet cho-kan yat.” . (This last is the date
in Chinese, viz:—ISO 2, twelfth month, ninth
day)
Literal translation—“ Subscriber oath bond
man Kwoh Ayttn, now in this public court,
give evidence with truth tell truth without par
ticle partiality—Supreme Heavenly God exam
ine with justice—burn paper.”
The last two words lelate to what appeared
a very important part of the ceremony. Hav
ing been written in Chinese characters upon a
piece of yellow tissue paper, the witness sub
scribed the oath, and the Sheriff in attendance
was requested to bring a lighted candle, into the
flame of which the paper was thereupon put
with a due show of gravity. It was of course
quickly consumed, and the obligation upon the
conscience of the witness was then understood
to be complete. An examination of the form of
the oath will readily suggest its origin, it being
very evidently nothing more than a Chinese
rendering of an ordinary English Common Law
oath. The burning of the paper is an addition
probably of the Chinese, and is doubtless typical
of the fate the witness irn-precates upon himself 1
should lie fail to tell the truth. We asked Tong
Aehick if this were the most solemn form of !
oath among his countrymen, and he said, in re
ply, that it was not, there was another cere
mony much more solemn, which, however, was
not resorted to.
Patkiotic Scene. —We were accidentally
present at a scene in the House of Representa
tatives of Florida, on Saturday last, of deep and
Stirling interest. It being the Bth of January,
the anniversary of the battle of New Orleans, a
motion was made that the flag of the Union,
which usually occupies a position over the
Speaker's chair, but which happened to be in
one corner of the room at the time, be unfurled
anil placed in its proper position. Another mo
tion was made, and carried by acclamation, that
Gen. R. K. Call, who wasobserved to be in the
hall, be invited to unfurl the flag. The General
was an active participant in the bloody field of
Chalmette, as aid to the glorious old chieftain,
then in the full vigor of intellectual and physi
cal greatness, and there was, therefore a striking
propriety in the request which was made of
him. He complied. Giavely and deliberately
he advanced, took the flag in his hands, and un
furled it by the side of the Speaker, when such
an outburst of patriotic emotion swelled up fro m
every heart present as has not often been wit
nessed in that assembly. The General proceed
ed Briefly, with an eloquence inspired by the
exciting recollections of the of the day, to ad
dress the general assembly; for by this time
Senators had (locked in, attracted by the clapping
of hands and other demonstrations of gratifica
tion which had continued to greet Gen. Call
from the first moment he stepped within the
bar of the house. After he had concluded, a
unanimous invitation was given him to take a
seat on the Speaker’s stand, which was accepted.
I Tallahassee Journal , 15 th ult.
Washington Irving, while at Mount Vernon
the other day. remarked that he remembered see
ing Gen. Washington in New York, when he
was a child five years of age, and while the
General was passing thorugh the street, accom
panied by a crowd, young Irving was attended
by his nurse, an honest Scotchwoman. The
woman forced her way up to the General, lead
ing her child by the hand, and approaching, ad
dressed hirn—“Your honor, here is a bairn that
is called after you.” The General paused, and
placing his hand upon the boy’s head, gave him
his blessing. Mr. Irving states that he has a
distinct recollection of the whole scene—which
occurred in the year 1787.
Singular Blunder. —Some years ago Judge
Christopher Neale, ot Alexandria, Virginia,made
application for a revolutionary pension lor one
F. Hall, whose claim was rejected on the ground
that he deserted the service,and the decision was
so endorsed on the application and filed away.
Since then, the application has been printed in
a congressional document, and by the mistake
oi a clerk it now appears that Judge Neale is
made to appear as the deserter, instead of Hall,
during the revolution, although, he was not born
then, but during the war of 1812 he served as a
gallant volunteer.
A noble lord having given a grand gala, his
tailor was among the company, whom his lord
ship addressed, ‘My dear sir, I remember your
face, but forget your name;’ when the tailor
whispered, ‘I made your breeches.’ The noble
man took him by the hand, and said aloud, ‘Ma
jor Bridges, I am glad to see you.’
Macon &
ceived the annual 0 f •■pe rations of
this Road for the y*jSfaff% from which we
following |jsg£:
The earnings of the ll4|Bvj jgj2 are. $269,955 93
Exponsoa cfiargoablo f*po.. .t,. 116,366 74
Leaving Ut .V|il $153,597 19
To which add amount of profit
and losspor last repA^8T......4,546 30
Proceeds of old iron
Bonds issued since ' .*.38,900 00
ML $236,281 10
Deduct disburswnopUiM Follows:
''aid Bividonds Nos lIOW
12 in Fob .and AuguattiHp 7,120 00
Interest on 80nd5.... kKi 10, 780 00
State and Gitj Tax... 3,315 6 j
For con., new engine*,
Ac 9,425 82
Bonds redeemed and
ed 09 165,641 67
Leaving a balance
to be appropriated to and Reserved Fund.
There has been ajJ?irea|e .of 10| percent, in
passenger earniggtf, ascornto»red with the previ
ous year, and *n increase* freight earnings -of
72 per cent. The aggrega% increase eftnuniDgs
was 27 i per cent.
The President things tldat the completion of
the Thomaston awl Barn*'’ilie R*ijro«d, now
in process of grading, will wing muelr new and
profitable business to the Macon k Western
Road.
The officers elected by the stocklK Idera- at
their annual meeting in January past, were,
Isaac Scott, President, and, Andrew Jbow, Ed
ward Padelford, J. C. Laky. Charles Moran,
Brake Mills, Adam Norris, Ber Boyce, T. C
Matthiesson, N. C. Munroe,l-B. Ross, James
Thweatt, C. J. MrPnnildplT —rtnn
A New Freight Proposition.—ls£>rti are
being, made by Capt. James Williams so effect
a new route for frieght fro* Baltimore to any
part of East Tennessee, byXhich the ra, rs will
be from 25 to 50 per cent. Aeaper than by the
way of Charleston or Savalnah. It will corne
by the way of Wheeling and Nashville, or
Wheeling and Tuscumbia, iftas the buyer may
desire. The arrangement i> com
pleted, but under way, he ready,
we trust,to its superiorly
over the other routes. is much
indebted to Capt. Williams/oethe favorable en
terprises which have, from tiipe to time, been
made, and which haveaddij bjj, pros
perity. If freight
on the Tennessee
rates from 2-5 to 50 per c*nVj*>f, it is 9u iriq.or- -1
tant consideration, atid/wnitßArtfw tnv*_ hi to
another channel. Informatfim will be giver in
due time, if the proposed route be successfully es
tablished.—Chattanooga insi.
Ramsey & Son have finished klliy'g hujt* for
this season. They have slaughtered 2000 uead,
which will be put into bacw,. We are n uch
pleased with the neatness aiii taste displayed in
trimming the hams and preparing them lor “he
smoke house. They have 1*9,000 pounds now
smoking which will soon be jeady for -market.
Averaging the hogs at 200 each, and dednetirfg
i for the iard, bones, &c., the) will buvj- not fir
from 300,000 pounds for sale, 1 which in -quality
will compare well with any dfered.— ll.
A New Gun.—Col. P. W. porter, of Tennes
see, has invented a Repeating Riff*, whereof
the cylinder revolves vertically [instead of hori
zontally, like Colt’s) and caries nine charges.
This gun primes and cocks itilf, and ma) be
fired once a second, or as often is the Vriggei can
be pulled. With the sixfv charges
which is furnished with it, ittiay tie ired mar
ly sixty times in a minute. |it ’seetr* to be
quite simple in constructions is litt’e heavieT
than the ordinary rifle, shoots pith great force
and is said to be easily keptlin order. To a
marksman of our sort, who might chance to tree
a squirrel or other game, we shield think such a
gun would not come amiss. , la a sigh. with a
Grizzly Bear, a Californian woijid find- it useful,
provided the bear would keep ajproper distance,
which some badly educated cubj seem ,ot to un
derstand. For desperate dueliss, it must have
great attractions. We believe its cost (without
magazine) is S6O.
• --r-j"- —
Cotton Destroyed.—We regret to learn that
forty-seven bales of Cotton, belongin'; to Mr.
Stephen Deßruhl, and of Dr. A. W.
Lynch, were burned up last wisk, at Calhoun’s
landing, on the Savannah risy. .jf burnt, it
was certainly the work of an ineendiary. It is
supposed by some that this Cctfon must have
! been stolen, as there were other lots immediate
ly contiguous not even scorched. There were
signs, however, of some cotton having been
burned. Mr. Deßruhl has recently settled in
this District, and the loss falls particularly heavy
upon him. —Abberville Banner, 3j intt.
Colt’s Revolvf.li.—The London United Ser
vice Gazette, contains an account of the perform
ance of Colt’s revolving pistolfcot the Cape of
Good Hope Colony. They have*gained a repu
tation there exceeding that which thVy have
hitherto obtained among ourselwes. the native
land of the inventor. Col. Coif sent out Mr.
j Peard as his agent to Cape Towii with a quan
tity of his revolvers, and he invited the most
celebrated shots in the British frmy t". re, to
tgut their rifles wild* Colt’s
t >;.•■.* Id
\ .'»! Jl r t*vS... .'/SC'f'j'-. ■
• .
\ f|ving
y- ''' l 1 «ii ■«,
> pentific Am.'iica
r me:h!'i-: ' u- 1
' weLjn, for Mr. Peard sJId iao ie.- s
eighS»ovolvers in Tow •i'r
One o. Colt s large\T=_’Vipistols was B," i
the presence of some Cal. a mark 40*7° ' o
distant, and they declared it was “ Gc{ 'Ji
tol.” A corres|)ondent from Graham’s
writing about the performances of the lef ,
states that Mr. Peard made 21 hits ojt
shots in a target of a barrel head, at 2tW
distance, and asks when Colt’s revolveware to
be used exclusively in the army and uqry.
Important Decision Relative to Benevo
lent Societies.—The Cayuga Lodge case, I. O.
O. F., some time pending in the Supreme Court
of New York, on demurrer, has been decided in
favor of the plaintiffs on all the points involved
in the issue. The principal point was whether
the courts will enforce the trust created by the
j constitutions of the order. The decision of the
court sustained the position assumed by Cayuga
Lodge, and overrules the demurrers interjiosed
in behalf of the members who withheld the
funds contributed for the objects of benevolence
and charity. It is therefore an important deci
sion not only to the Order of Odd Follows, but
in the Order of Sons of Temperance, Free Ma
sons, Martha Washington and other charitable
societies which are not incorporated. It recog
nizes their constitutions, and maintains that the
courts will enforce the trust which they . reate.
Novel Case of Swindling.-The Boston Post
states that a well dressed man called upon one
of our large carpet dealers on Wednesday, and
stated that he was the captain of a Clipper ship
just about to sail for California, and that he
wanted to purchase carpet to the amount of
SIOOO fora friend in San Francisco. He bought
4 to the amount of SIOOO, and requested to have
i the goods sent to the ship, naming the wharf.—
The seller accompanied the goods, and found the
| purchaser, who invited him to inspect the ship.
The dealer went back to his store perfectly sat
isfied. As soon as the dealer’s back w»s‘turned,
the goods were placed on a truck ; taken to a
railroad, and sent to New York ; and the dealer
yesteulay found that he had been swindled, as
the rascal had no connection at all with the
ship.
New Liquor Law in Rhode Island.—A
very stringent liquor bill has been introduced
into the Rhode Island House of Representatives
—it makes manufacturers or sellers of spirituous
liquors, unless town agents, liable lor the first of
fence to fine and costs and three months impris
onment in the county jail, and, on further con
viction for the same offence, to imprisonment for
six months. For adulterating liquors, so as to
render them more injurious, a person is liable to
a fine of SIOO, and imprisonment for one year at
least. Complaints are to bo on oath, and search
warrants are to be issued by ju*ticn9 of the
peace.
A New Kind of Manure.—ln the fcdand of
St. Vincent a new kind of earth has been discov
ered, of very peculiar properties, and, withal, so
valuable that it is likely to become, at no distant
day, an important and regular aificle oftxporta
toion. Little less than 2,000 tons have b*aw4aker.
to Bermuda, to assist in the formation of a break
water that is being erected by the Government
there. They claim that it is an excellent cement
lor use under water. Besides, it is said that
English chemists have analyzed it, and pro
nounce it to be more valuable than guano even,
as a
“ Carl Benson,” writing to the N. Y. “Spirit
of the Times’” from Paris, says :
“ Chantilly has been sold. It was the last
and concluding portion of the Orleans property
disposed of. The purchasers were English. Mr.
Edward Majoribanks, and Sir Edmund Antro
bus ; they gave the nice little sum of s6i« 000
cash down, with $1,600,000 more to be paid in
various instalments.”
Telegraph to Athens. —We woQld lispect
fully suggest to the citizens of this place* gene
erally,the propriety of aiding in the proposed
establishment of a telegraphic communication
between Athens and Union Point. A subscrip
tion lor this purpose has already been opened,
and we learn that the book is in the possession
of Maj. Mitchell, of the Franklin House, with
thirteen hundred dollars subscribed at the present
date (Jan. 31st, 1853.)
We are authorised to say that a subscription
of three thousand dollars by our community, will
ensure the commencement of the work, and' we
trust that the remainder of the sum, (1,700,) will
be speedily made up.— Athens Banner, 3d.'
Homestkads. —Seventeen States have parsed
homestead laws. Os the Southern States Geor
gia exempts twenty acres, not exceeding in
value $350; Florida exempts forty acres, aot
exceeding in value S4OO ; Alabama forty acres,
or house and lot in town, S3OO ; Texas two hun
dred acres, SSOO ; California, $500; South Car
olina forty acres, SSOO.
Other passions have objects to flatter them, and
seemingly to content and satisfy them lor a
while, there is a power in ambition, and plea
sure in luxury, and pelf in covetousness, imt
envy can give nothing but vexation, i
\ Reported for the Baltimore Sun.]
Thtrtr-Ssaond Congress —2nd Session.
Washington, Jan. 31,1853.
SENATE.
The chair laid before the Senate the efficia
army and navy register for 1853.
The deficiency bill was received from tue
House and referred to the committee on finance.
Mr. Hale presented two petitions praying the
repeal or modification of the fugitive slave law,
which were laid on the table.
Mr. Hunter submitted a resolution which was
agreed to, directing the appointment of a com
mittee to examine and count the returns of votes
for President and Vice-President of the United
States, and to inform the persons chosen of their
election.
Messrs. Hunter, Pearce and Bright were ap
pointed the commitee.
Mr. Borland presented the credentials of his
colleague, the Hon. W. K. Sebastian, re-elected
forsix years as a Senator from Arkansas !
After petitions and reports, none of which
were of any public importance, a message was
received from the House, announcing the death
of the Hon. A. H. Buell, of New York.
Mr. Sewaid addressed the Senate in terms of
high praise and commendation of the many mer
its and virtues of the deceased, and offered the
usual and appropriate resolutions.
Mr. Hamlin followed in a tribute to his de
ceased friend.
The resolutions were adopted and the Senate
adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Immediately after reading the journal, Mr.
Jones, of Tenn., moved to take up the Senate
bill, abolishing imprisonment for debt in the
District of Columbia.
The bill having been reported, and read a first
and second time, Mr. Jones moved that it be
made the special order for to-morrow at one
o’clock, which was agreed to.
Mr. Jenkins, of N. Y., then arose and announ
ced the death of the Hon. Alexander H. Buell,
one of the delegates from the State of Ne w York;
and entered into a brief history of his private life j
and public career. He was bom in 18*1, and by
industry and punctuality, succeeded in acquiring I
wealth and affluence. He was taken ill about a !
fortnight since, and his disease baffled the skill
of his physicians and disappointed the hopes of
his relatives and friends; on Monday morning
at three o’clock, he passed from time to eternity,
leaving an aged father, an affectionate and dis
consolate wife, and children too young fully to 1
appreciate the loss they have sustained, to mourn j
the afflicting bereavement. Mr. Jenkins con- j
, eluded by moving the usual resolutions, and that |
| fhflfßpiisc adjourn. I
I Mr. Ives, if N. Y., followed with a simii -r ;
axpressiou of feeling aud testijm uy of the worth
ofthe defftrted member; and also moved that
iho clerk of the House pay* as usual, the expen
ses of transmitting his remains to his native :
State, and of the committee which accompanies
them.
Tii i resolutions having been passed the House
adjourned till to-morrow.
Washington, Feb. 3, 1553.
SENATE.
Mr. Smith submitted a motion, excusing Mr.
Dixon from service on the select committee ors
the varieus memorials relating to the anesthetic
agi'iit in surgical cases. Laid over.
Mr. Underwood, from the committee on the
contingent fund, reported a resolution rejecting
the petition of James Robertson, claiming dama
’ ges for imprisonment, by the order of the Vice
I Piesident, two years under an impression
that he intended to assault Mr. Clay. The re
solution was agreed to.
Also a resolution giving Robertson $l5O in
addition to SIOO already paid him, in full pay
ment and satisfaction of all conceivable claim
against the Senate. It was debated, and then
laid on the table; yeas 25, nays 21.
Mr. Douglas, when speaking on this subject,
thought it right to intimate to the corporation ol
Washington the necessity of protecting mem
bers of Congress from the importunities and in
sults of such persons as the petitioner. If the
authorities of Washington did not think proper
to do so. it might be well for Congress to disre
gard the claims of that corporation in its appli
cations to Congress.
The bill to amend the warehousing system
was taken up.
Mr. Miller opposed the bill, as extending fa
cilities to the foreign manufacturer to the injury
of the American manufacturer. The bill was
then postponed.
The bill to re-organise the navy of the United
Statss was taken up.
Mr. Stockton submitted sixty-six amendments
to the bill, the first of which, involving the
question of making the personnel of the navy
“ active” exclusively, was the only one debated,
and was adopted—yeas 30, nays 14. The re
maining amendments were all adopted at one
vole. The bill was then ordered to be engrossed,
anil to be printed as amended.
An act for the relief of Joseph Wileoxon, and
the bill for the relief of Mary Merry, were pas
t'd.
The Tacific Railroad bill was again taken up.
The question pending was on Mr. Brodhead’s
substitute, confining the work to a survey and
reconnoissance of the roost practicable route.
Messrs. Weller aud Rusk opposed the amend
ment, and Messrs. Bayard and Cooper supported
it. The Senate then adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
The roil having been called and the journal
authorising the issije o* a silver
.’JUtiu li*., Al~
nax.orVv
“*> N•* ■ »>!<•’ ■J■* ■'
\
]>
■1 exisLng tin teuhC...
i.n ! i .11., ,i. led. the .; < . .1
Md.. presented the petition of
.. William P. Mahon, asking
->*■' taking the census of 15, 50, in
Md ’
\ oi Alabama, moved that the
■ \ resolve itself into a committee “of the
f\Snole on the state of the Union; which wasneg
■iatived, tellers having been appointed—yeas 61,
nays 78. The yeas and nays were then taken,
and the motion was finally negatived—yeas 79,
nays 89.
The House then went to the business on the
Speaker’s table, and took up the pending mo
tion, to roconsider the vote by which the bill to
admit railroad iron free of duty was laid on the
table, and another to lay the motion to reconsid
er upon the table.
The yeas and nays were then taken on the
latter motion, which was carried, yeas 95, nays
S’2.
Reports from Depaitments were reported to
the House.
After some discussion as to the order of busi
ness on the Speaker’s table—Mr. Stanly con
tending that the unfinished business of yesterday,
being the Wisconsin railway bill, had the pre
ference, and the Speaker deciding that it wont
over to be taken up in the fifth class, the House
went into committee of the whole on the state
ofthe Union, after sustaining the Speaker’s de
cision.
Mr. Davis, of Mass., entered into a defence of
the Springfield establishment, and maintained
that it is efficiently conducted, and for the ad
vantage ofthe country; pending which,the com
mittee rose, and the House adjourned.
Washington, Feb. 4.
SENATE.
Mr. Seward presented memorials praying the
suspension of the steamboat act of last session.
Mr. Fish presented the memorial of members
of the New York Legislature, praying that mea
sures be adopted so as to secure the freedom of
conscience to Americans while in foreign coun
tries.
Mr. Hunter submitted the following resolution,
which was agreed to :
Resolved , that the two houses will assemble in
the chamber of the House of Representatives on
Wednesday, the 9th inst., at 12 o’clock, and the
President of the Senate pro tern, shall be the pre
siding officer; that one person be appointed a
teller on the part ofthe Senate and two on the
part of the House of Representatives, to make
a list of the votes as they shall be declared, that
the result shall be delivered to the president of
the Senate pro tempore, who shall announce the
state of the vote and the persons elected to the
two Houses assembled as aforesaid, which shall
be deemed a declaration of the persons elected
President and Vice President ofthe United States,
and, together with a list of votes, be entered on
the journals of the two Houses.
I%S* resolution was agreed to, and Mr. Hun
ter was appointed teller on the part of the Sen
ate.
Mr. Houston submitted a resolution directing
an inquiry as to the expediency of reorganizing
the marine corps so as to dispense with all offi
cers above the grade of captain.
The House bill granting the right of way to
the Niagara Falls and Lake Ontario Railroad
through the military reservation of Fort Niagara,
was taken up and passed.
A bill for the relief of C. L. Swazey was pas
sed.
House bill for extending for two years the
time for emigrants to Oregon to take the bene
fit of the grants of land to actual settlers, was ta
ken up, amended and passed.
The bill to amend the warehouse system by
establishing private bonded warehouses, and ex
tending the time during which imports may re
main warehoused,whether intended for consump
tion or for exportation, to three years, was taken
U P
Mr. Hunter suppoited the bill for some time.
Messrs. Miller, Davis and Brodhead opposed
that part of the bill extending the time to three
years, during which goods intended for consump
tion may remain warehoused.
Mr. Davis moved to add to the 4th section the
words that nothing in this act contained shall
extend the time for withdrawing goods for con
sumption, beyond one year.
Messrs. Gwin, Seward and Toucey opposed
the amendment. After some further debate, the
amendment was agieed to without objection.
Mr. Miller moved to except from the articles
allowed to be thus warehoused iron, bloom bars,
pigs, rods, slabs and castings of all kinds.
This amendment was rejected—yeas 15, nays
33, as follows:
Yens. —Messrs. Bell, Brodhead, Clarke, Coop
er, Foot, Geyer, Jones, of Tenn., Mangum, Mil
ler, Morton, Pratt, Smith, Spruance, Underwood
and Wade—ls.
Nays. —Messrs. Adams, Atchinson, Badger,
Bayard, Bradbury, Bright, Butler, Cass, Charl
ton, Chase, Clemens, Dodge, of Wis., Dodge, of
lowa, Douglas, Downs, Felch, Fish, Fitzpatrick,
Gwin, Hamlin, Houston, Hunter, Jones, of lowa,
Mangum, Norris, Pettit, Rusk, Seward, Shields,
Sumner, Toucey, Walker and Weller—33.
Mr. Bright said he was in favor of the bill as
one step towords free trade.
Mr. Walker moved to amend the bill by ex
cepting from the goods thus allowed to be ware-
housed wheat, com, bareley, beef and pork. He
said Canada could furnish New York with those
articles earlier in the spring and later in the fall
than the Western 'States. He desired her to
have no advantage over those States.
Mr. Gwin was in favor of abolishing all duties
on breadstuff’s and provisions, and on iron too.
After further debate this amendment was re
jected—yeas 19, nays 29.
The bill was then passed.
A bill authorizing a register to the steamship
Albatross was passed.
Mr. Clemens gave notice that on Monday he
would ask to be heard on the joint resolution af
firming the Monroe doctrine.
The Pacific Railroad bill was taken up.
Mr. Davis addressed the Senate at length in
its support.
Mr. Dawson followed, opposing it, and sup
porting Mr. Brodhead’s substitute.
Mr. Douglas addressed the Senate for more
than an hour in earnest support of the bill.
The Senate then adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
There not being a quorum present, it was
moved that there should be a call of the House,
which was negatived—yeas 59, nays 64. There
being a quorum at this time present, the jour
nals were read.
A discussion of an hour and upwards in dura
tion followed on a question of privilege, the Spea
ker having decided that a motion made yester
day by Mr. Doty, to reconsider the vote which
tabled the Wisconsin bill, subsequent to the mo
tion to adjouin, was before the House.
Mr. Jones, of Tenn., appealed against the de
cision of the Speaker; and the appeal was laid
on the table—yeas 109, nays 57.
Mr. Dean, of N. Y., moved to lay the motion
to reconsider upon the table; and the yeas and
nays having been ordered, it was decided in the
negative—yeas 82, nays 91.
The motion to reconsider was then agreed to
—yeas 88, nays 80.
It was then moved that the House go into
committee of the whole on the private calendar,
; and the yeas and nays were ordered, pending
which the motion was withdrawn, accompanied
! by a motion to reconsider the bill.
The yeas and nays were then take*! upon a
motion to adjourn, at twenty-live minutes before
three o'clock, which was negatived—yeas 61,
nays 104, at ten minutes before three.
It was again moved to go into committee of
the whole on th*»,private calendar, upon which
the yeas and nays were ordered.
The motion to adjourn having been renewed
j at three o’clock, it was negatived—yias 77,
I nays 84.
Mr. Marshall, of California, moved that,when
I .the House adjourn, it adjourn to meet on Alon
, day ;' which was ueg.-Svcd. »
A inotiou was made to adjourn, and leliers
1 were appointed on a call for the ayes and nays.
aud, 41 voting in he affirmative, the ayes and
! nays were ordered ; and the motion to adjourn
was negatived ; yeas 78, nays 81.
! A call of the House was then moved, and the
| ayes and nays were demanded, which was nega
tived. Tellers were appointed, but there was
j not a sufficient number voting in the affirmative.
An adjournment was again moved, and the
! yeas and nays again taken, when it was carried
I —yeas 78, nays 70.
The House then adjourned till to-morrow.
[Telegraphed to the Baltimore Sim.j
; ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMER CANADA.
O <E WEEK LATER FROM EUROPE.
Ovral War Preparations in Ihr English Navy
\ar;N—Prospective Marriaao oS the Emperor
oi France—Activity in the French Navy Yards
—Advance in Cotton—State oi Ollier Markets,
Sec,
Halifax, Feb. 4th.
: The steamer Canada arrived here at 9} o’clock
: this morning. The Eastern lines not being in
! good order, the news could not be transmitted
! till late this evening. The Atlantic and City of
j Manchester arrived out on the 20th. The Cari-
I ada left on the morning of the 23d.
England. —Mr. Gladstone had been elected
i to Parliament.
Great apprehensions were felt in England of a
coup dr. main on the part ol Napoleon. The Gov
i ernment are making inquiries of the railroad
| companies as to how many horses and muni
j tions of war they can carry to specified points
| in cases of emergency. A large military station
| is to be formed near Birmingham, and no more
I regulars are to be sent from home. Great activi
;ty prevails in the navy-yards,and every prepara
! tion is making for war.
France. —The Emperor has determined to
marry Senorita Montego, and the marriage was
advertised to take place two weeks from the
22d, at Notre Dame. A dowry of 5,000,000
francs is demanded for the bride.
The Emperor has refused to accept the resig
nation of Droughn d’ L Huys.
Twenty line-of-battle-ships. IS frigates and
15 smaller vessels of war were building in the
French Navy Yards. Napier, the English ship
builder, received an order from tbe French Em
| peror to build 10 frigates, but the English ad
; rniralty cancelled the outer and gave him simi
i lar orders on their own account.
The 3 per cents, closed at 79f. 95c.; the 4}
per cents, at 105 f.
Markets.
Liverpool, Jan. 12.—Tlio Atlantic's nows had a
favorable effect on tho cotton market, and prices of
fair have advanced ft! and of middling Jd. Tho
sales of the week have readied 58,900 bales, of
■which exporters took 0,750 bales, and speculators
11,000 bates. .The sales to d :-y arc 5,500 bales.
Tho are : Fair Orleans, Old; Middling,
kid.; J?air 5 id* Fair Upland,
I 5 ’ f ,;\£iddiilTp7-a .wldaU
400(000 bal‘'“ pro American. /
Id. Western Canal flour 275. (id.; Ohio, Balthpiore
and Philadelphia, 28s. 6d.
Trade at Manchester had improved. The grain
market was a shade lower.
London , Jan. 21.—Tho produco market was
dull. Bell A Sons quote stocks unchanged. The
bank had advanced the rato of interest to 3 per
cent. Consols closed at 99jj a 100. Sales of U. S.
5 s, 'OS, at 97 a 98 ; U. S. 6’s. ’O2, 108 a 109 ; U. S.
6's, (bonds) ’OB, 109} a 110*; U. S. C’s. 'O7, 08,
108 J a 109}; New York State 5s 97 a 98 ; Penn
sylvania s’s 80 ; Maryland s’s 98 a 99 ; Kentucky
G’s 97 ; Ohio o‘s 100 : Massachusetts s's 108.
Havre, Jan. 18.—Tho sales of cotton for tho
week are 9,500 bales, at J advance.
Boston, Feb. 3.
Edward Everett elected U. S. Senator. —The
Senate to-day voted for U. S. Senator. The vote
stood : Everett, Whig 28; Cushing, Dein., 3 ;
Phillips, Free Soil, 1. Mr. Everett was there
fore elected to take office from the 4th of March
next.
New York, Feb. 3.
Arrival of the Empire City. —The steamer
Empire City, for Havana, has arrived. The Ful
ton left Havana on Monday, for Key West, to
take Mr. King to Havana.
Albany, Feb. 3.
Acquittal of Salmon. —The jury in the case of
Salmon, charged with assisting in the rescue of
Jerry, returned a verdict of not guilty.
Portland, Feb. 3.
Senatorial Election in Maine. —On the second
ballot in the House, to day, lor Senator, Fessen
den, whig, received 70; Dana, democrat, 00;
scattering, 10. In the Senate, Fessenden IS;
Clifford, dem., 13.
Washington, Feb. 3.
The Washington Shooting Case. —After the
shooting of Fuller last night, excited crowds
hung about the National Hotel until a late hour.
Public sentiment here, many think, justified the
act. Many of Schaumburg’s friends were cutting
his acquaintance yesterday in consequence ol
Fuller’s unanswered publication. Both were in
the prime of life and well known to the com
munity. Fuller was in great agony last night,
but was put to sleep by powerful opiates, and is
reputed easier this morning. A slight discharge
of bile from the wound indicated that the hall
had penetrated the liver, and his phyicians think
he cannot survive many days.
Washington, Feb. 3.
Dismissals from Service — Mr. Fuller.—Presi
dent Fillmore has dismissed Major Kingsbnrg, of
the ninth infantry, and Lieut. Hawkins, of the
mounted riflemen, from the service, for neglect
ing the settlement of their public accounts.
Mr. Fuller’s condition continues to elicit the
most absorbing interest in the three cities. Sev
eral physicians are in attendance, and he is said
to be in a very critical situation. M.
Boston, Feb. 2.
Lule anil Important from Buetws Ayres.—Pri
vate advices from Buenos Ayres to the 23d De
cember, represent a gloomy condition of political
affairs. The upper provinces were in confusion.
Urquiza had crossed the River Panama with his
artillery, deposed the Governor of Santa Fe, and
established Gen. Galan in his place. The Bue
nos Ayiean Government were collecting a large
force at St. Nicholas, and had also sent 2,000
troops to Rio to stir up a revolution against Ur
quiza. A division of Buenos Ayres troops land
ed at Gaulaquaycha on the 15th, surprised the
guard, and captured the town, the inhabitants
tiaternizing with them. This force was said to
be on their way to Santa Fe, to interfere with
the National Congress, which meets there on
the 20th.
Produce of all kinds were scarce and high.
Doubloons $17,50.
Advices from Fayal to December 20th state
that two earthquakes had occurred, which, how
ever, did little damage.
Gen. Pierce in Boston. —Gen. Pierce has arriv
ed in this city, for the purpose of making pre
liminary domestic arrangements prior to his de
parture for Washington. He enjoys good health
and looks well, but is scrupulous in avoiding pub
lic demonstration.
Massachusetts U. S. Setuclor. —The House of
Representatives of this State ballotted for U. S.
Senator. The vote stood thus: Edward Ev
erett, 146; Caleb Cushing, 75; Phillips, 51;
Wales, 5 ; Ashmun, 1 j Vallet, 1. Mr. Everett
received 6 majority.
Later fhoii Santa Fe.—The St. Louis Re
publican has a month’s later advices from
Santa Fe. The Legislature of New Mexico was
in session, following out the recommendations
of the Governor, and apparently doing some good
for the country. Gov. Lane’s course is becom
ing very popular.
A littlo disturbance that at one time threat
ened the peace of the territory, sprang up be
tween the civil and military authorities. At the
request of Gov. Lane, Col. Brooke, thefcommand
er of the fiost at Santa Fe, hoisted the llag in the
plaza, while the Legislature was in session, that
had been removed by Col. Sumner’s order; in
consequence of which he was removed and' the
flag taken down. The citizens soon had anoth
er ready, but in their haste it happened to con
sist of three colors—red white and blue. This
was ordered down by the military, and down it
came. Some stars were added, and it was run
up agann. So it floats—the civil authorities con
trolling.
Craddock & Lucas were attacked and robbed 1
of a wagon load of merchandize, near Fort Fill
more, l>y some Mexicans dressed as Apaches.
AUGUSTA, GKOKGIA.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 9.
Terms of Subscription.
Daily Papor, por annum, in advance... .$8 00
Tri-Woekly 5 00
Weekly, por annum in advance 2 00
If paid within the year 2 50
At the ond of the year....; 3 00
above terms will bo rigidly enforced.
[C7” Subscribers writing to request their pa
pers changed to another Post-office, will please
be particular to state the office to which the
paper is now sent.
Bank of St. Mary’s.
The bills of the Bank of St. Mary’s under five
dollars, and the change bills of J. G. Winter, are
still taken at par at this office.
. -V::. - : :
Editorial Correspondence.
Charleston, S. C., Feb. 5.
Race week in Charleston is alwaysone of un
usual bustle, excitement, pleasure and business.
Merchants, planters, professional men, and men
of “ elegant leisure’’ visit the city in considera
ble numbers on that day. Some of them on bus
iness, or the pretext of business—but most of
them, lor pleasure and amusement, while some
manage to combine both.
This week there has been an unsually large con
course, and the hotels, the streets, the race course,
and the evening resorts of amusement, have
presented a crowded and animated appearance.
The hotels are full, and the landlords have worn
round and smiling faces. We recognized the
familiar countenances of those benignant Bonni
iuc. % -J.r-j-’. 'ktive of good cheer, M i\kr, of the
Cltarlcsh i *, Bn r i'Knnm.o,ofthe Pavilion, lluiist
of the American, and Stken, of the Merchant's—
all well known in Georgia, where they have
troops of friends.
The hotel keepers and merchants have suffer
ed some disappointments from the yellow fever
of last summer, closely followed by the report of
the existence of Cholera—the leal Asiatic—in
their midst—which for months last year, kept
their usual customers away. But with the res
toration of health and confidence, the aspect of
affairs has brightened, and the Spring business
is looked to as one of unusual promise. The mer
chants are anticipating and are prepared for
an extensive business. The stocks of goods of
all kinds are very heavy, and the terms will be
made satisfactory to approved customers. I
was much struck with some facts, showing the
vastly extended area of back country now em
braced by the trade and business of Charleston.
The extension of the Railroad system west
vvardly, has brought large sections of country
into familiar intercourse with Charleston, en
abling many of her wholesale merchants and
her factors to double and quadruple their busi
ness.
I hca’ - d but little of the Rabun Gap Railroad.
The opinion does not Seem to prevail that
there is at present, any necessity for such a road,
or that the interests involved would be com
pensated for so great an outlay. The enteprize
may, eventually, be achieved; though Charles
tonians ol the highest intelligence, and who
ought to know, say otherwise.
The leading attraction of the week, was, of
course, the Races, which are more generally at
tended hare than in any other community. All
classes, from the highest circles of fashion and
wealth, down to the day laborers, white and
black, who can get off, if but for a day, can be
seen on the track. The racing this week has
been unusually fine. Many of the races were
beautifully contested, and considering the track,
never favorable to quick time, the performance
was in each case most creditable to the winning
horse. Several colts have made demonstrations
which promise them high places hereafter on
the racing calendar. One in particular, Mr.
Puryear’s colt Highlander, lias made long
. strides towards the head of the Southern turf,
: and bids fair to reach it. To have won two
races in excellent time, the same week, against
j strong fields, in the last one beating Caro-
Viuais. fqvpyite in le—Jeff. Davis—
,J\us no culinary Vo(neiit. Jeff was thought
IV be uriequalleO. '.All, m endurance and sliced in
that State. His ipilaiit race of ionr mile
last winter, wonin three heats, placed him at
the head ot the Carolina turf. The fact that he
was raised about thirty miles from Charleston,
made hitn doubly a favorite on the Washing
ton course. Eveu the children and the “color
ed population” on the track to-day, weie deeply
interested for hitn—were loud in their shouts
when he won the first heat. When beaten the
second and third heats, the disappointment
was very apparent upon hundreds of counte
nances, and in the ejaculations which filled
the air. The heavy losers, who bet the long
odds, had ample sympathy. Jeff is a fine horse,
notwithstanding, having many points ot simi
larity to his grand sire, Bertrand Jr. High
lander is a superb colt, in size, appearance and
racing qualities. In the race to-day, three mile
heats, the fastest time he made, it is said, was
in running the ninth mile. We understand
his owner will shortly put forth a banter of
SIO,OOO, against the world, to run 4 mile heats
next winter on the La Fayette race course, if
so, and the challenge is accepted, we will have
a lively time next races.
I should not omit some mention of the other
amusements of race week—the balls and con
certs, the theatre, and Anderson's magic enter
tainments. Os Ole Bull the good folks of Au
gusta will have an opportunity to judge for them
selves. He is, emphatically, king of the king of
instruments. Strakosch is in the first rank of
pianists. Madame Strakosch has added, since un
man iage, to her reputation as a vocalist—she has
evidently improved since her tour with Parodi.as
Ma’mlle I’atti. Her sister, the little Adelina, isa
musical prodigy that should take rank with the
Batemen children, in her wonderful precocity.
She sings with an artistic cultivation and taste,
and with a clear and swelling richness of voice
surpassed by very few adults. I regret that her
name is not in the programme for the Concert
at Augusta.
Many regrets are expressed, both by Charles
tonians and Georgians, now in the city, that the
fair sex of Georgia is always wholly unrepre
sented here on gala occasions. They could be
well repaid by the gaities they would partici
pate in, and, it may be added, by the admira
tion they would excite; for, while many beau
tiful faces and graceful forms were here, many
equally beautiful and graceful in our own Geor
gia, the Empire State of the South, would have
suffered nc disparagement by a comparison with
the queens of beauty, in this Queen City of the
Southern Atlantic.
The active intercourse of trade and business
of all kinds, and the consequent interchange of
civilities between South Carolina and Georgia,
are fast wearing away tire petty jealousies that
once existed between the two States, increased
by political antagonisms, and rivalries of her
leading men. We now have, in thier place, a
noble rivalry for the rewards of superior enter
prize, mutually beneficial. Whichever may win
the palm, both States must prosper under the
wholesome stimulus.
The crossing of the Savannah river at Augus
ta, by the South Carolina Railroad, now so near
at hand, and the completion of the Waynesboro
Railroad, are two events looked to here with
much interest. It will produce a more active
competition between Savannah and Charleston,
than has heretofore existed, and with increased
advantages to the former, in the contest for the
trade of Augusta, and of the immense back coun
try, now open to both.
The progress of Charleston is, in defiance
of temporary draw-backs, most marked, and
increasing at a rapid pace. Real estate, a
certain index, is advancing in value, not from a
speculative feeling, but from the needs of an in
creasing business and population. Lots are be
ing reclaimed from water and filled up, and new
houses erected and old ones enlarged, in all di
rections. New-comers now find it an impossi
bility almost, to rent a comfortable dwelling;
but the indications are, that measures are in pro
gress to supply the constantly occurring demand.
G.
Through Tickets from Cincinnati. —We
learn from the Cincinnati papers that through
tickets are now issued in that city to Baltimore,
via Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The fare as
established is: To Zanesville, $5; to Wheeling,
$7 60; to Baltimore, sls; to Washington, D. C.
$lO 30; to Philadelphia, sl6 30.
This community hiv In t a good citizen and
most excellent man In the person of Mr. Martin
Frederick, who died in this city on Sunday last.
sth inst., aged sixty-two years. He was a na- %
tiveof Alsace, France, and emigrated, to this
country about thirty-five years ago. He ar
rived in humble circumstances, but by untiring
industry and unwavering probity, acquired ■ for
himself a handsome competency. He was an
amiable and charitable man, and was noted for
acts of kindness to his less fortunate fellow
countrymen, whose lot was cast among us.
Many of them are indebted to his friendly aid
for success in their business pursuits. He en
joyed the esteem and good will of all who knew
him; many a poor man has lost in him a kind
and sympathising l'iiend,and the city a worthy
citizen. *
Death of Judge Sayre.
It is with sincere regret that vve announce
(says the Chronicle of yesterday,) the death of
the Hon. Nathan C. Sayre, which occurred at
his residence in Sparta, on Friday last, in the
full vigor of matured manhood. He occupied a
high position in his adopted State, not less as a
man of sterling integrity and the strictest probi
ty, than as a sound and learned jurist, lie hail
repeatedly represented Hancock county in both
branches of the Georgia Legislature, where he
earned for himself a well merited reputation for
his efficient business capacity; and for several
years occupied a seat on the bench of the Supe
rior Court, a position which he filled with emi
nent ability.
His loss will be deeply felt not only in his im
mediate vicinity,but throughout the State where
he was known.
Young’s Mammolli Corn.
Some weeks since we received a letter noti
fying us that a sack of the above very superior
Com had been forwarded to us by Railroad from
Cass county, but it did not reach us until yester
day. It had probably been stowed away at the
De|wt in this city so carefully that it could not
be found at the proper time.
We refer our readers to the advertisement set
ting forth its suporioiyiuolitUm for planting, W 4«
in'productiveness, weight, and size ol grain.
Davis, Kolb & Fanning aie the Agents for
its sale in this city.
Floyd County Resolutions.
The resolutions passed by the Democratic
party of Floyd county, which we publish to
day, will meet the approval of every well-wish
er of the party throughout the State—of every
one really desirous of seeing the party harmo
nious and united, in support of Hie general poll -
cy and measures of the National Democracy.
It is due to the incoming Administration, that
all among us. who heartily aided in bringing it
into power, should do all that honorable men
can, to unite upon a common basis of action, and
give to it and to each other a generous confi
dence. Upon practical questions of policy,
there is no reason to apprehend any serious di
visions of opinion; for Democratic measures
have now become the measures of the country,
indorsed by the popular will, and approved by
the matured wisdom of our Statesmen. The
Southern Democracy, especially, should and can
act as a unit, for no wild and extravagant issues
have taken root among them, the tendency of
which, would be to precipitate a portion into .
extreme positions, which separate them fnjhi
the more cautious and reflecting. The distinc
tions between conservatives and progressives—
between Old Fogyism and “Young America”
are not recognized here as real and tangible.
There is no division among us in principles or
in men that can embarrass the party, or prevent
its acting as a unit.
Upon the practical questions of finance and
commercial regulations—of free trade and of na
tional expenditures —of internal improvements,
and of appropriations out of the treasury—of
schemes to squander the public lands, and to
foster sectional and class interests, there is noth
ing to prevent harmony among the Southern
Democracy.
As to speculative opinions upon tho na
ture and theory of the Federal Government, as
applied to the right of secession—it is not prob
able that entire coincidence of opinion can ever
be commanded among members of so large a
party. The human mind is so constituted as to
render differences of opinioninsuehaca.se in
evitable; and the practical objects which give
rise to parties and band them together, are such
, as to make tolerance of each others speculative
opinions a necessity.
The Baltimore Convention of J line last, adopt
. pil iginciples which furnish common ground, on
t. Which ait i«moor.i, cun Aj pd.They are mark
, ’ tul by u aci i.mw l ■« ■
« of the States, ond a strict construction of the
Constitution. They adopt',d the Virginia and
Kentucky resolutions of ’US amt ’99 as their
own, and made them the recognized creed of the
party.
Now Democrats may honestly differ as to
the construction of these resolutions. They may
not go as far as the advocates *bt the right of se
cession claim for them. But men ol the most
extreme State Rights opinions have never repu
diated them as insufficient for tffe'protection of
the rights of the States, and Democrats of oppo
site tendencies have never rear'd their adlie
, sion to them because they claimed too much for
the States. “
In measures of State politics no theoretical
questions can aiise to distract the party, fn
Georgia, the Democracy can consistently unite
and act harmoniously for the advancement and
prosperity of the State and the best interests of
the people. If the good example and good conn
cels of the Democrats of Floyd he not lost on us,
this will be the happy result.
Democratic Meeting.
Tuesday, Feb. I, 1853.
A respectable portion of the Democratic party
of Floyd county, assembled at the Court House
on Tuesday last. On motion, the Hon. .T. H.
Lumpkin was called to the Chair, and William
Johnson, Esq., requested to act as Secretary.
Judge Spullock moved that a Committee o f
seven be appointed, to report matter for the ac
tion of the meeting, and as Col. Fouche, of Cass,
was present, that lie be made the Chairman of
the Committee.
The chairman appointed Col. 8. Fouche, Judge
J. M. Spullock, Col. Joseph Walters, Houston
Aycock, Esq., John W. Underwood, l>r. A.
Dean artd Jesse Lamberth, Esq. A tier retiring
fora short time, the committee returned, and re
ported the following resolutions, which were
unanimously adopted by the meeting :
The committee upon whom has been devolved
the duty of reporting matter for the action ol this
meeting, have unanimously agreed upon, and
beg leave to report the following resolutions:
Ist. Resolved , That upon all that class of prin
ciples relating to the administrative policy of the
Federal Government, the Democratic party of
this State have ever been generally and cordially
united.
2d. Resolved, That all true Democrats, honest
ly holding these principles, ought to unite in
giving to them the most efficient support dur
ing the administration of Jjen.,
ministration which they have called into exist
ence upon these well known and long establish
ed principles. ™
3d. Resolved, That there is another class of
principles relating to the nature of the Federal
Government, its powers, and the relation which
that Government bears to the States of the
Union, and also the sovereignty and the resei veil
rights of these States, upon which Democrats
here and elsewhere have differed, do now differ
and probably will continue to differ.
4th. Rcsohtcd, That in the opinion es this
meeting, these differences of opinion touching
this latter class of principles, ought not to be suf
fered to distract and divide the party in its sup
port of that class of principles and measures upon
which they have always been united, especially
as there is room to hope that no great issue, practi
cally involving any ol the second class of princi
ples, is likely to aiise for many years to come.
sth Resolved , That any re-organization of the
Democratic party, to be effective, must be ground
ed upon a frank admission of these differences,
and contending for the ascendancy of the Demo
cratic principles as set forth in the Baltimore
Platform of 1552.
6th. Resolved, That all efforts, from whatever
quarter, to engender in either wing of the Dem
ocratic party, a spirit of intolerance and proscrip
tion towards the other should be regarded as
conclusive evidence of hostility to the common
and peculiar principles of both.
7th. Resolved, That, casting behind us all
thought of animosities to bo gratified, and rally
ing under the good old banner which we have
followed unwaveringly through so many conflict*
we will hail as friends and equals all who come
up in a spirit of disinterested loyalty and devo
tion to do battle under that llag lor the common
principles and policy of the Democratic party.
Bth. Resolved , That we earnestly recommend to
all true friends of democratic principles and poli- Jj
cy, to take promptly effective measures for uni
ting and harmonizing, the party, and setting in
battle array again to contend fur all its great
principles and measures of administrative policy.
On motion of Col. Underwood, it was ordered
that the proceedings of this meeting be publishr
ed in the city papers, and that all papers in the
State friendly to the movement, be requested to
copy.
On motion of Judge Lester, the meeting ad
journed sine die. J. H. Lumtkin, Chaii'n,
Wm. Johnson, Secretary,
a*