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JOURNAL MESSENGER. S. T. CHAPMAN V S. ROSE, Editors. T.o Agriculture of Mexico. The people of Mexico seem far behind tl general progress of civilization in the j)resci't age, and judging from the frequent and wo,l written accounts recently received from au thentic sources of the state ol the country, tl cu-iom*. manners, arts, ol thepeopU, their advancement from primitive simpiicii; and ignorance is small; and altho’ possessing one of the most favorite climates and genera j ly productive soils for agriculture, it is a sc - cnee by the inhabit ants but little understoo 1 It is said that they are opposed to evoij change that can be introduced among the? f which tends to their improvement in this r’ sped, their farming utensils being of the ru l est possible description; the same kind ; those used by Cortez, at the conquest in tl • sixteenth c< ntury, being used at this day i this country. The principal agricultural production of the greater portion of Mexico, lire sugar, cor and cotton, the latter ol which grows wi |i luxuriance, the stalk being never killed I ; the cold winter, and it might be profitably cu ■ tivated. if there was a demand for it, whie |. however is not the case, there being no miles or manufactures lor it in the country. Corn grows well, and yields abundantly. Two crops of it are made in a year, it the o f cupant ot‘ the ground is not too lazy to tei ! it. —The first is planted in March and gathe 1 ed in June and July. The second is plunt< li in July or the tirst of August, and gather*l in November and December. A writer from the army observes, “Wlufi we arrived at Monel ova, the first ol Novel i ber. roasting ears and green fodder were | bundant for ourselves and horses, from tl.** second crop. This is the principal crop of tl j* year, as it is less liable to injury from the \i cissitu h ‘ of the weather than the first cro | The yield of corn is about fifty bushels to tl acre i;i a tiii.d field. Wit 1 1 good culture tl * quant;; v vrould be increased considerably.-! The stalks grow to an enormous height. I have often seen them around Monclova f‘> tall, that when sitting on my horse which •;* full sixteen hands high. 1 could not reach tl! ears of corn. It might not be profitable to plant corn >’ th. fall; but there is a wider range from Fell ru ry to Au. 1. 1 to put in the ground ail nave r <;od crop. ugar r. nvsfinely; nndonly needs a lit! I • <md ;td quite ma rtainery to enable tl bitant . > ] rod . v lurgi qu mtitie* •!’ I not g.Minod ns with us. hut when in s y is run into moulds resembling small loavi * - . cm. ad pi lone'B, weigh i Jig about I _-yo:id Monclova, nowever, whore t! i co . itry becomes more elevated, sugar can 1 1 procured with much advantage. iCheat may be raised in Mexico with grerjt facility, mill although in lutitude k’5 w ami IT I sever.d hundred Hides tardier south Ihitl Louisiana. tvi.ere the grain cannot be proth c.J, it ii grown to jierieetion. So are uppli I and pe te.hi:.'. This is owing to the elevntii I of llie country above the level of the Ht tt. At Cingas,, a village fifty miles west it Monelnvu, large quantities of excellent whei am raised. There are two flourishing mi! r at Mom ova. propelled hy tlie steam jiowi which pu-scs through the town. Toe lloul however, is inferior to that oi this country the besf Mexican not b< ing so line or equal u appearance to that of the American article. Oats and rye arc not grown in Mexico; ha 1 lex however, grows finely, and might l< produc'd i,i large quantities. Nearly till descriptions of vegetables gro i ■ finely. With most kinds, a person may si lect his own time thr planting. Fresh pc; I lettuce, beans, &c. may be had the yet round, by planting them repeatedly; pe six inches in length, were growing at Parr i< the ltith of December, which were planti I lor a winter top. As the climate is to pi pttious. and all plants have been reared I irrigation, a planter or gardener may sell ■ his own time for planting. Tl. • same writer says: ■ Riding on the 10 of D ceinber. up the v alley in which l’nrr is situated. I came to a field where they’ we. sowing wheat. The sower was sowing ti wheat broad cast on the unpiougiied groan 1 Twenty-three ploughs Ibllowed each otln 1 on tile same hind, ploughing the wheat in.-’ A contrivance lor a harrow leveled the grout 1 after the plough. Every’ plough was drawl by ;wo oxen. The ploughs were of the sun • p.tUerti of those used by the Homans tw*. thousand years since. They were made t’ the fork of a small tree, one prong of whirl answered for the brum, and was cut Ion) enough to fasten the oxen to; the other pronj was cut oil about four feet long, nndsharpet | edat the i id and a single stick fastened in*• tiie fork and projecting back, made the har die. This was the whole plough —lock, stocl! and barrel. When a tree cannot be foum n short stick is morticed into a long one.- 1 The short prong was the coulter, the lon I one the be rm. This was fastened by a raw’ | bide thong to the ox-yoke, which, rn turn, wi.* ; fa tened to the front of. and to tire horns i ! the oxen, by another raw-hide thong. Tl 1 i handle was held by a pseon, who was acme 1 in the other with a long pole, with a shat goad on the end of it. which he unsparingl ■ plunged into the oxen to qnicktu their sjieer or to change their direction.” Pumpkins and n variety of squashes, grot’ abundantly end are much used. Asa gem ral thing, very few vegetables are used b the Mexi ■ . . Irish potatoes cannot, or at least have no 1 been ■. i many parts ofMexieo, ulthoug! we know not why in some parts of the couir try tin y might not be introduced to advant age. All that were discovered by the troop in their advances through the country wen t. y found at SStiltillo. and they were th t . o''in ir ites and pigeon’s eggs, and hut o’ lit; e value ‘o cut. . tra.ig. • l’ .oiV very beiiutimlly and with lux u ice in every part ol Mexico, although . : tl. olrr and northern portions of the try are of tT> “- kind. Swtvl oranges c and id iurtli r sou h, and in lower ... and valleys, near the w a coast. . uu Cji i i/; •.’ U twnnl Intligcnccr i ( ultivnliu.i >t i olloinii India. There i nothing which occurred a: the laic meeting of due “liri'-inh \*MJcifcto©,” ol more intereat to the me cai.uie community tn both vide* of the Atlantic Chau the |U|H*r v.Ukh WU retd bf Prulessoc Koyie, ou “The ; tut .lien oi tlie Colton Trade.” The subject l more K|eciticaUy was, “On the iniports of India, nt j compared w ith the prices of American cotton. The •xpcri.neiits which have been inode by the Cast India Company lor th** unpioveineut of the culture and cl an* ingej cotton ui the withuett of India have Pull'd, l from the *ccive dryuees ol the srsqft during which they have been made ; hut it Is thought that cotton may be fully cultivated in Ihtndelcund, and with the aid of irrigation. in the neighborhood of tin* Cange* and the Ju man. as in the similar climate of Lgypt, when the great canai now making iscompleated. Iti the Ptmnsir la of India ilu’*uec<-mi lias been consolerrible Cotton from thi* district may, Dr. Hoyle thinks. !*• land* Int Liverpool for n‘ ■ ut Sid per lb. He stated that the“ryats” (ftmi cr)only waul purchase and lionest prices, and that a rise of a farthing per pound in the local maiket would greatly extend tlie cultuie of Cotton. Thirty four bales of cotton have been sent from tins district to Liverpool valued at 6 3-4d.s pound, aud considered equal to “ftiir New Orleans.” This ufn r paying 3ld Air tlic expense of ouavnyance from the place of gn wth, leaves 3; I. tor the grower. Intis- Southern Mahratta country, especially nearihe IV arwar.tlie cultuie of cotton ha* attained complete auccena under Mr. Mercer, “the intelligent American planter The nttlvcs encouraged by thr Government ; iiin nt,awing mure cution produced from the ared introduc'd, and a IteUer price obtained art'll from tha rv ‘ipy i ■ interior amended Urair cultivation laal ) rn> at.. ’ thirty thouaand arraa, ami liavV'sneered . ad ~i .deni ni; (l-eir cotton by the improved gin,ao that g acme of their c-r p (to tlic . atent of one hundred ami W a> lt'<* b it valued, at Liverpool, at 61 nn 63-4 ii perils Tile climate here i* con-idrrrd t>y Mr deicer,to belike that of South Carolina, and thr dhe lousd returning toils original character He also state* ihat there i abundance of land fitted for cot ton culture, nntUhnt nothing is required but are gular de mand, tohave the land covered?with cotton, ltis known to be possessed of certain good qualities, such as its col or, the readiness w ith which it takes color in dyeing, and its great swelling in the process of bleaching. Both the latter effects are probably ow ing to its being grown in a comparatively dry climate. The chief cause which ha B hitherto prevented the ready consumption of Indian cotton in the English manufactories is the dirty slate in vohieh it is seat to market. “The cultivator,” Dr. Roy le so vs, “picks his cotton carle wly enough, hut he sells it in comparatively a clean state to the tcahkary (ormiddle man,) who wishing to increase his profit, does so by increasing the weight of his cotton and meets a fall by a still further adulteration with inferior cotton, cotton in seed, seed, fine stand, Ac.” The overage price lor upland American cotton for 11 years, from 1808 to 1821, was 151 J. to 21J per lb. That of Indian or Surats, 13id. to 18d. The average of American lor the 11 years ending with 1811, was6l to hi. That of Indian, 31d toGId. In 1815 the average of American cotton was about 44d, That of Indian from 2id to 3.1 per pound. The average exports of Indian cotton tor the five years previous to 1825, was 3'J,SGB hales, that ol 1811, wa5233,433 hales ; that ol 1846, only 185,119 biles, but it would rise again in the yenr 1817. Dr. Royle states various reasons lor the irregularity of the trade arising from the variation in internal con sumption, the exports to China, the fluctuating demands of the English market, caused by the American crop and prices, and the cotisequent uncertain profit to the Indian grower. It is q file clear, from this laboriously constructed pa per that since the c i ltivation of cotton is skilfully con ducted by the natives in West and Central India, and the cotton of good quality and moderate in price, it re quires only the investment of capital by those interested in the cultivation of cotton in India, and the more per fect cleansing it and delivery of it at market, to ren der it a very important rival at Liverpool and Man chester to the cotton of the United States. It is dif ficult to make a brief summary of this document, hut the above comprehends its most particular points. flrrcriiii, and rattening ( attic. Science means that knowledge, not only of the de tails of a business or a profession which enables us to practise it as an or!, but that intimate know ledge of al] the reasons upon which each particular proceeding in the art is founded, which will enable us to take advan tage of unexpected circumstances, and to originate, when it is desired, new inodes of proceeding in par ticular rases, it is a knowledge of principal instead of details. The advantages of science in the rearing and fattening of cattle, though not much thought of by those who fol low the business, are not exceeded by those in any other department of agricultural pursuit. Asa proof of this, w e find it stated in the Herd Book, a work by L. F. Al len Esq., that in 1701 the average weight of"beef cattle at the Smithfield market in London was but 370 lbs each. “A select committee of the House ofCommons, in a report printed in 1705, stated that since the year 1732 t ieir neat cattle, on an average, had increased in size and weight 25 per cent. This would make the average at that time (1705) 4G2 pounds. Tlie average of fatted cattle was formerly al*out five years. At this last period the peculiar stage of the times in great Britian, and in deed in all Europe, (for the French revolution had stirred up the political cauldron ol nearly all Christendom,) was exciting increased attention to agricultural pursuits; and the spirit of improvement in their herds of neat cattle had spread through England and Scott land to a wide eluent, probably no period of time ever witnessed u more rapid dissemination of valunb!<* material for pro moting the increased excellence in this variety of do mestic animals, than the thirty yeais succeeding that period. We are not supposed, then fore, at finding, ac cording to the same authority,tli. average o! the Smith field cattle in JB*X) at C 56 pounds end.— n inci M.se, in twenty-five years of over 10 per cent —mi astonishing contrast; and when it is understood that these were fitted for tlie market ar an average of lour years of age, instead of live, and probably with a lessened con sumption of one year one year of forage, and a slight ly increased expense of annual preparation for market pei head, the additional profitable results arc enormous. So much for improvements in England, where their efforts in all brandies of agriculture are till advancing with uedinonDhed vigor.”— Former. Agricultural Education*—Schools. We copy tlie following article from the Prairie Far mer. a monthly publication issued at Chicago, Illinois. There is more common sense in it oit the subject of Agricultural Education than wc find in ordinary pa |**rs. The Farmer says : “ For several years, many of our newspapers and agricultural clubs have had much to say of th e establish ment of agricultural schools, and in one or tvs'O instan ces have thrown themselves upon the subject as a sort of hobby. We have rather stood aloof from the discussion, because we have not very clearly seen the aim at which they were driving, and have been under the impression that those who were most eager in the business, did not themselves see their way with entire plainness. If we have understood the ideas generally put forth, they hove been to set up single schools, in which agri culture, theoretical und practical, should be the who.'e study. The models lor these schools are to be found in Grent Britain, or on the continent ofEurope. It this be the object aimed at, we are free to say, that we re gold the plan witk buie firm. Nothing, it acemsto us, could sooner put such a conceit out of the head of Americans, than the perusal of Mr. Column s account of these schools. The idea ot making a man a tanner, and so educating hint that he can be nothing else, mnv do lor that country ; but it will never do here. The Incility with which men here change their oc cupations, though productive oi some evels, and many times abused, is a peculiarity belonging to our country, which it is not desirable to change, until there is Jess change in other things. In England, a man works all his lile at one branch of business ; and if he is thrown out of that, lie is us helpless as a child of ten years. We do not desire to see men thus educated here, whether the education bo agricultural or in any thing else. The duties “f an American citizen require that he shall pos gr at i inny thing- . Partic ular mi I thorough knowledge* of one kind, and no knowledge of any thing else, may give him power in that direction ; but it exposes th individual and socie ty to perils which ought not to he risked. We do not want lawyers wtio know nothing hut law ; nor minis ters ‘t the gospel who know nothing but theology ; nor physicians who know nothing but physic. Their cine* loree may and ought to lie expended in the line of their professions ; but tney must be properly instructed in other departments of knowledge, that the mind an! cliuracier may be balanced; otherwise they may be come dangerous member* of society, if by any cnancc they are thrown out of their sphere. Nor do we want farmers to be educated to know nodiing but tanning What is wanted of all professions and |*mhuilh is dial tin y know one thing intimately, and ut/iera trell. Our system of education haa hitherto been mainly right. It haa been to teach children the principles of things, to instruct them in the nit of thinking Hence in our higher schools and colleges, die aim is iiot so much to perfect the atundent in the minutiw ofa single branch of knowledge, or to impart u great amount ol knowledge, ns to instruct him in the elements of many branches, and quality him to go forwurd himself, in any direction be pleases, after he leaves the institution. In short, the object is to enable the student to educate himself Foreigner often amuse themselves at the number of studies to which our pupil* ; uiicmiaud some nmouxu* declaim uhout it, mainly because it ditleia from tlie pin ns of other rout i tries; but we maintain, that though not tree iiout evils, the plan is right.and adapted to our ciicuimtunce*; and dial it would be folly to sultitutc lor it uny other. It is possible thut wi- do not do full justice to the views of those of wholly we speak ; hst that their plan is to | establish what may he called agricultural eoZ/rgee—in ’ dilutions to which young men may r- pair after tiinsh ! lug die ordinary routine of studies, lor die study ol og* i ricuiture. botliua an art and a science—-something like 1 our Inw and medical school* ll this b* the plan, we are not prepared to say hut that it may, at wnn<* future time*. la* p ft inly developed by die failure ol all such pro* ■ jectslur year* to come. Atlot*ticl( . siiflicient to driest this plan is, that the tne ore ol ng leulturr s n* t vet sadi' a irntly perfect to •tiiud by its* il as a system ol un\ is. I instruction. Its truth* are olicn too much in die dark tube taught to 1 voting men. a*ac*cnt.lic truths are uaualy, taught,in tne 1 high* *i schools Theuttwre uie not at present teoeliera to man such institution* : but us we might t>e treading on tender toea , to enlarge here, we will he content with the mere date* ■ meat of the fact. Hut not Uidcal merely in objections—there is mani festly abe tut plan—-oo e which wa* recommended ui I this journalseveral year* ago. Tne country feafready, in a measure, supplied with school*. Common school* exist in some *;..pe and i perfection in all the Btales. Then there are private and I select seho -la, academics, seminaries, and high scboo.s , and still further, colleges and wave-* ties Now why | cannot the study of agriculture, in its different bran- I dies, introduced into all these schools t We maui -1 tain that it can. It must be remembered that agriculture is no single i 1 study, like aridimeiic, or mental philosophy ; but that is bawd upon ami divided into a great number of bran- I die* of study* varud and diverse in aha racier. There it i* perhaps no division of education which consists m maintaining un aequajfltNMM with thnigs which does not bear upon it. Those elementary braneh*s, necta ry to educate the tarmer, are neceminr to educate every other iinn ; and hence up to the hignrr and more ab struse of its scientific principles all shtniid Is* educated together. Hie studio* which belong loan agricultural education are. arithmetic, geometry, natural philosophy, algebra, , mensuration, chemistry, geology, mineralogy, plivsiolo i tty °f vegetables and animals, and poll tics I ami dome*, f tic eronourv To these, at tome stage of tht coutua, others might be added—such ns would impart a thor-, ough acquaintance with the domestic animals, practi cal and particular husbandry, and analytic cfidmin- H V Is there any difficulty iu attaching any or oil of these branches to out present school systems, acdorditg to tiieir various grades l La not the proper place lor them to be taught in our schools, academies ami colleges ‘ it is hard to believe that there can be two opinions held by candid persons acquainted with the ffhac.plcs and and -ol youthful instruction. Vaie and Cambridge have already departments attached for instruction in s entilic agriculture, and others will undoubtedly ioi low. It maybe advisable, and undoubtedly will be found so, to modify in the higher schools the course of instruc tion lor those who are to become farmers. A college course ol study might easily be formed, leaving out principally, or wholly, the dead languages, which con sume much time, and substitute those which teach in stead a knowledge of things —leaving it optional with ih.* student, at Ins entrance, to pursue the press-at, or the new course. ‘Flu* two courses much of the way would be identical. Should the students of the new class increase to war rant it, colleges of that sort might be established lor them as demanded ; and those, having grown out of the demand, would be permanent. It is in general much easier and safer to reform and remode l old institutions, than to revolutionize for new ones. All sweeping and radical changes in education we look upon not only ns undesirable, but os chimerical. There is no rational doubt that a general introduction into our courses of education, ol such studies as bear upon agriculture, is demanded by the general interest* of society, and will be demanded by society itself, so soon as the case is made clear to its apprehensions.” Prairie Fanner. JOURNAL X MESSENGER. tl A i o \ , WEDNESDAY, OCT. 27, 1847. FOR PRESIDENT, GEN. ZACHARY TAYLOR. The Grand Lodge. Tlie Grand Lodge of Georgia opened to; annual com munication yesterday in tliis city, R W., John Hun ter and A. Benton, Deputy Grand Mas ters presiding. .\l. VV. Grand Master W. C. Dawson was de tained by important business at Jasper Superior Court, but is expected to arrive to day. There is present we learn a very general representation of Subordinate Lodges, now numbering over Sixty in the. .State. To-morrow at 11 o’clock A. M. an address wiii be de livered before tlie Grand Lodge ut the Presbyterian Church, by R. D. Arnold M. D. ol Savannah ;-a gentle man of decided talent and deserved reputation. In the afternoon, it is expected that a monument will be erect ed with the usual Masonic ceremonies by the order to the memory of our late and lamented fellow citizen Dr. Ambrose Bauer. The procession will probably move from Masonic Hall, to the Cemetery at about hall past 2 o'clock. Macon County. Great injustice has been done the gallant Whigs of Macon by all the presses in the State. Mr. Towns did riot get a majority of 30 votes. On the contrary Gen ! Clinch’s majority is 62 votes being us large a majority ; as was ever given in the county. Homicide. The examination beiore the Bench of Magistrates in the case of the state versus Peter Shannon charged with Killing Alonzo Brown on fridny last in tins city resulted in the commitment of the accused to the coun ty jail to await lus trial at the next Bibb Superior Court which commences its session on Monday next. The ;ninunah Georgian. Our cotemporary of the Savannah Georgian, has pro cured a complete an J elegant outfit of new type, and now presents to lus readers, one of the most neatly printed papers in the State. We hope that his increas ed patronage may equal hts enterprize and his efforts to please lus readers. Tallahassee Stage Line. Messrs. Wright A Sawyer, the enterprising con tractors for earn ing the mail between this city and Tal lahassee, have recently added to their stock three large, roomy nd elegantly finished nine-pasjeiiger coaches. They are from a Boston manufactory, and we venture to say, that for comfort and safety, they are unsurpassed by the coaches upon any of the great Southern lines.— Messrs. Wright A Sawyer have also placed upon their line a full stock of carefully selected horses, and are now able to travel the entire distance to Tallahas see in a little over forty hours; thus making the route much the most safe and expeditious for persons in the Southern or Western States, desirous of reaching Mid dle or West Florida. The rapid increase of population iu Florida, and her growing importance as a State, we think should induce the Post Master General to change this (now tri-weekly) into a daily route. Florida is en titled to a daily communication with the balance of the Union, at, at least, one point; and that of course should be her capital. We feel convinced that if the Govern ment would consent to give the contractors the usual ;>ay, the increase ol travel would be ample to sus tain a daily line. We most respectfully suggest tlrnt the Florida Legislature, soon about to convene, may take this matter into consideration, and that the | Georgia Legislature co-operate in any action which I may be hail. The people oi the South-Western coun ties are especially interested in this matter, as it will have an important beuring upon that great enterprise in w'h ich they are now* so deeply concerned, the South- Western Railroad. The day is not very far distant wh il. as a thorouglifare, this Florida line will compare with auy lateral line in the Southern States. The Vficon l , rrsentinents—The Railroad. That portion of the presentments of the Grand Jury of Macon c ounty, which refers to the resources and condition of South-Western Georgia, is worthy of special attenth n. Is it a fact that cotton is frequently worth one third more in Macon than at the gin house of the South-Wi Ptern Planter? If so, what is the real cause of the difler ence ? Nothing but the facilities of a good market, pom* ssing a speedy, cheap, and certain outlet to an Atlantic’port. The evil being understood and the cuuses it remains lor the people to ap ply the remedy prompt.'y and efficiently. We have had talking enough in regarel to the jkmth-Western Road. Let uh now try what virtue there iin action. AH ad mit that the enterprise is root alfiaionnry one—that the investment will be safe and profitable. The only diili cuity is to raise the necessary fitnii. Wa .have before HUgg**sted tlie justice and propriety* of appealing to the State for u Hulmcription of $850,01)0 to the stock. In ordi r to make tlie invetuueut pericctl/ aale, it might lie provided in the act, that such subscription shall not be iiiudc until a Hiiuilar sum of $250,1M.H1 ahull have hem in good faith expended by Uk* Central Company, and at lonst the like sum of $250,000 by private iiHlividual*.— It can also be provided that the said sum of $500,000, raised by the Central Company mid by private stock holders, shall have been expended in the gradin g of tlie roud, m purchasing cars, laying the superstructure, constructing dejiots, dkc. 4kc.—and that the $850,000 sulwcnbed by ilw State, shall he appropriated exclusive ly for the purchase of iron. This would complete seventy-five miles of the roud, and would open a com* utuiuculion to tlie very hemt of the South-Western counties. Private capital would then accomplish the balance. ‘Plie road thus constructed would run, according to the survey now progressing under Mr. llqixomb,.within forty miles of Cukunbus; thus in etiect building fifty inilesof road lor the benefit of that city, and placing it entirely within the p..wei of her p<*oplc to connect with Macon by n wlioit roud of only forty miles, and to reach tb** Atlantic in twenty horn* Will not the people of Columbus heat lily ©operate man enterprise of tliin km I. vrfttch must relieve them of all their present em harrawsim tits uud s cu:c to them fiir ever the trade oi l.ie p< pulous and wealthy adjacent counties, both ill ‘<* oigtn and Alabama l Can th- y hesitate to abandon all iheir present pinna and emhiace one which must Mgiceed, uud which will ultimately give tIMUi a double outlet to lire Atlantic and the (lull, lor a comparatively insignificant outlay of mom y I Surely the stockhold ers of the Central Company cun oiler no objections to such a plan, as evtry dollar which they xpeud will be r turned to lia iii in Increased profits during the first live yenra. Nor can the Legislature rt ssonal ly refuse in ntraugem lit which, tiewdes being a simple act ol jmtire to the Booth-West, will greatly tend to develop tire resource* and increase the tuxuUc property of the Stnte. What Uien is to prevent success I Noth.ng but the inactivity uud iuaieasncMM of those who nre mos l dee|4y inierested in the enterprise. Let the people in their primary assemblies, not only express their (pin ioos, hut instruct their Senators and Kepiwsrntativrs to I takesiw-h a< lion nswdi secure the adoption of prompt ] measure*. Tht Hiate con rati no rink—on the contra ry,aiic must profit both directly and indirectly by the enterprise, bccaum it must nee*-Manly become the great thoroughfare, both of trade and travel, between th. Atlantic and the Gulf The time ha* come—let the friends of the Bouih-Went be up and active. 1 he Southern Quarterly Review. We are in receipt of the October number of this ad mirable wutk, now published by M •‘•srs. Burgf.ss A James, and conducted by Mr. Clapp, well known for years s die gitrd Editor of the Charleston Mercury. — We find iu the present issue, abl<- and well digested pa per, on tlie folhiwing subjects: 1. The Quadrupeds of North America. 2. Mutual influence of National Literature. 3. Mexico—her people and revolutions. 4. Lives of the liortl Chancellors. 5. Territorial Government of the United States. 6. Dr. Chancers. 7 Letter's Political Ethics. **. Critical Notices. Tlie Review is admirably primed, and for neatness •ofuiechauic.il execution and the solidity of its articles will compare, not disadvantugeously, with that oldest and best of ad Quarterlies, tlie North American. ‘l'll** critical articles in the October number, are characteri zed by discriminating judgment and good taste. Mr. C. is highly gifted os n paragraphst, trad, what is more reriiarkohle, he is, at the same time, eminently aide in those eflbrts which require elaborate research and profound reflection. He mingles the grave and gay most happily and the discriminating reader will al ways find much in his pages to amuse and instruct Wc especially commend the work to our friends. The publishers will please be careful to direct in future to the “ Journal and Messenger, Macon,” and not us here tofore to the “ Journal at Mill dgeville.” The present number would have been noticed a we k sooner had it been properly directed. Edward Carriugtou label. This gentleman, now the representative of the peo ple of Florida, in the United .States House of Represen tatives, recently passed through this city on his way to Tallahassee, from Virginia, where he had been otto visit to his relations and friends. Mr. Cnbel is the young, but talented, gentleman to whom the Whigs of Florida and of the nation are so deeply indebted for his personal eflbrts in that State in two very warmly con tested canvasses, which resulted in his filial triumph and that of his patty in the Legislature. This gives to his friends the selection if a United States Senator in place of Mr. Westcott, and we are pleased to notice his name mentioned among tlie first of those entitled to the dis tinguished honor. Though the Whigs of tlie nation would dislike to see die position of Florida in the lower House changed or even j- oparded, still nothing would ! afford them more gratification than to see the crown ‘ placed upon the head ol him who has done so much to win it. Col. JHclutoftli. The Savannah Georgian warmly seconds our sug gestion in regard to the propriety of some action on the part of the next Legislature giving a substantial testimo nial of their estimation oi the heroic conduct of the late Col. Mclntosh, and quotes the example ol the people of S. Carolina, in rai ing a find by voluntary contnbution for tlie family of Coi Butier. It is right and proper that sum* thing should he bone*and we trust that the tuna nicy be drawn from the Treasury, as thereby all will contribu e. Lots of Good Things. The vnitiis and ladies of the city, should not fnil to pay a visit to Mr. Charles H. Freeman’s on Cotton Avenue. Hi 4 stock ofc tidies, To vs oramiied Fruits. Dried Fruits, Preserves, Sauces. Segura Ac Ac. is very large and inoet admirably selected. His Candies are of home manufacture and are warranted to be equa; to tlie best that can be procured in the Norh. flis Brandied and preserved fruits are carefully put up. while lus Cigars pujf as pleasantly as any in the City. * Ifc>ee Advertisements. Ohio Election. The Whigs have gained a signal triumph in Ohio, having cariedboth branches of the Legislature, the Sen ate by 2, the House by 6 majority; thus securing a whig senator in the place ol Mr. Allen and the power to des troy the miserable gueny-mandered senatorial districts created by their opponents. Florida Election. The Whig majority in the Florida Legislature, will probably be 5 in the Seuate and G in the House, giving a majority on joint ballot of eleven votes—enough for all practical purposes. The Sentinel, one of the most tal ented Whig papers in the Sou'h, exhorts the Whigs of the Legislstuie to great prudence and moderation in the exercise of their authority. It says that tlie body will be one distinguished for talent and intelligence.— Our Whig brethren ol Florida deserve infinite honor for the great triumph which they have achieved. May their reign be a long and prosperous*one, worthy the efforts they have made, w orthy of their gallant bearing and worthy of the growing character of their State. Railroad Meeting in Elbert. The citizens ol Elbert county have recently had two public meetings, at which resolutions were passed in lavor ol the construction of a Railroad from Eiberton, to connect with the grand junction Road from Wash ington, Wilkes county, to the Central or Georgia lines. Committees were appointed “to correspond with the Grand Junction and Central Railroad Compa nies to ascertain upon what terms the projected Road can unite with them, and w hat amount of stock the city of Savannah would subbcnbe to tlie project .” The same Committee were also authorized to commu nicate with the Georgia Company, and “ascertain upon wliat terms said road can unite with that Road at any point, the most convenient and available, and what amount of stock the cities of Augusta and Charleston will subscribe to theprojected Road.” The people were addressed by Messrs. Toombs and Heard, and manifested a strong interest in favor of the construction of a work which would give to them the advantages ol a constant and speedy communication with the seaboard. The Vtlan a Convention* It will be recollected thut there is to bean internal Improvement Convention at Atlanta, Georgia, on the 23.1 of November,at which are expected tube present, Delegates from several of the adjacent states. At the Dalton and Knoxville meetings there were no delegates from Macon, Savannah ani-the Central por tion* of Georgia. So tar ns the published proceedings of the Knoxville convention are concerned, it was evi dently a Charleston atiiiirnnd the reports were evident ly intended,not aomuch to throw light upon the great subject of Internal Improvements, as they were elec tioneering documents trained purposely, to put money in to the pockets o| the shop keepers ol Charleston! Similar ut tempts may be made in the approaching Atlanta Con vention. We trust therefore that the true interest of Georgia, tuny be represented and that Iter territory may be protected against the invasions of those foreign ri- i vals who ure necking only to fatten upon the results of Georgia enterprise. The full ill i ot'on. Tlie continued and disastrous tall of cotton in Kurope* ought to leuch every thinking pluuler in this tommy,at least, two things: 1 That the story, which was generally circulated just prior to the lute Klee non in Georgia, that me u i- VHiice in cotton, wus owing to the operation oi the Volk Tunil wus inunuiactuied purpo* y to gu.l them into tlie support of Democratic men and measu.es. 2. Tliat in order to be indepeudsni of Foreign milti dices and lort ign reverse* in the money market Uie cotton grower should sustain home nianuthctohe* and home interests. If the imumiMctuuig capacity of the IJiuted States, were equal to a million and u half of ales* the Hank of Kngiand would no longer Ik* able, by a single change m the rote oi interest, to advuuce or dc pre*s die price oi cotton a cent und a hull per pound in a single day. The power of the bank, a* i well known, is alwaysixerted in iuvour of the liritish subject and agamst the Aineru un ettuen. It therefore follow* that ao long as Knghind is the great market for our ruw ma terial, ao long will the planter he in the power of the ior cigu puichasi-r. Aside then from the consideration of limn-dime profits arising Irom the e*uibli*hinelit of cot ton mills in tlie south, every planter must see from tin* single ciiTunistfliicv that it wdl ultimately be greatly to hi* interest to invest ut leust one third oi his capital in such enterprise* It is a question of independence us well a* of profit uud deserves to lie carefully studied by <>ur |toiittcinns >md law givers, as well a* by our rnouied nun. The Legislature oi Georgia, soon to u wemble, will doubtless lie colled upon totakeaoiue defliuite ac in regard to the charter* oi incorporated c inpaiues.ntid we suiccrely trwt that tlie members may be enabled to take an enlarg'd and enlightued view oi the present condition oi atiuirs, and that their action may hi* such a* to build up h -me interests and develope home resour ce*. Am fill Explosion# $ (ring avioent thunder storm h the City • i Nash* vi.fr,Tanneasrr,on the 12thinst. the Powder Magazine at that place was struck wait lightning, causing an aw j fal explosion, which si took the city ns by an earthquake, j and spread dismay, destruction nud death on oil aides. , About one hundred houses were destroyed or greatly ] damaged and many lives lost. Ten dead bodies have already been recovered from beneath the sad ruins.— The dwelling of Mr. Shevers was torn to pieces, his lamily badly injured and one young 1 iJy killed. The War, The Army. “There is nothing,” says the N. O. Bnllietin : “in the recent advices from Mexico, that holds out any expec tation that the Mexican Government, or people, have the least wish or intention of making peace —on the contrary, notwithstanding the uninterrupted misfortune® and defeats dial have continually attended them, since the first commencement of the war, there seems to be nothing but the prospect of continued and imbittertd hostility on their part.” A letter from Maj. Gaines, written from the capital after its capture,says: “The Congress of Mexico.it is said, will assemble at Queretcno.on the sth ofOctober,and high expectations are entertained that peace will shortly Ir* made. lam one of thos-3 who doubt it. They have been whipped in not less than twenty battles, their capital captured* one thousaud pieces of artillery and nearly fifteen thou sand prisoners taken. How many more killed and wounded, 1 know not : and yet, if there is any party here iti favor of peace, I have heard nothing of it. VV'e also have to mourn our losses. Since this gallant army entered this valley, on the 14th ult., I very much fear that two thousand v\ ill not cover our killed and wound ed, and still a peace is not “conquered.” Lei us hope for the best—the worst can but come.” Mr. Kendai.i., writing also from the capital, says:— “Assassinations continue. No less than ten murder ed soldiers were found this morning, in the vicinity of the quarter of San Peblo, and eight on the previous day. The fault lies partially with our own men, who straggle from their quarters and get intoxicated at the pul queria, or grog shop; yet the fact that even in this state, they ore set upon by gangs of armed ruffians, shows that a feeling of revenge and deep hatred obtains against us; and the frequency of the murders would prove that a regular system of assassination has been organized ; the wire-workers, very likely some of the priests and lending men. “One great reason lor this is the almost insignificant , force under Gen. Scott. True, he has had enough to , achieve victories and capture the city of Mexico, anil i for this reason, many may think that he has sufficient ! men. But such is not the case. The very smallness i of our army is more degrading to the pride of the Mex i icans than any defeat that has befallen them. Had an army respectable in numbers, compared with theenter i prise undertaken and accomplished, entered the valley of Mexico, the smartings of discomfiture would have been alleviated by the evidence that they had not been beaten so shamefully by a body of men so inferior in numbers to their own grand army. Nor will they think of peace until forced to it by an army so large that there will, at least, be some merit in succumbing in the eyes of the world. Rigorous measures, too, must be adopt ed, lor any one who runs may read that if iFie quasi war heretofore carried on is continued, it will be prolonged until the causes which brought it on are forgotten.” The Fr sidenl a.. J Air. Wise. The Washington (Jni t Wednesday says :—Hen ry A. Wise, Esq., late Minister to Brazil, arrived yes terd; yin this city. We are happy to state that he is in fine health and spirits, lie waited upon the President to-day, With whom he had a long nnd most agreeable intei view. Subsequently he had an ini rview ol nearly two hours with the & cretin yof State. Mr. Wise’s family has gone on to Philadelphia. State Agricultural Pair. The following committees ore appointed for award ing the Premiums, and for other purposes : Committee on Staple Products—Richd Rowell, Har per Tucker, Wm. A. Jarratt. Committee on Stock—A. H. Kenan, S. P. Myrick, N- Hawkins. Committee on best Treatise for making manure, of Georgia materials—T. Fort, 1. L. Harris, Daniel R. Tucker. Committee on best tieatise for planting and tilling ! Cotton—A. Jarrett, Sam. Buffington, Jr., James Dick son. Committee for best treatise on planting and cultivat ing Com—S. Gruntiand, Benj. S. Jordan, H. V. John son. ladies’ department. Committee for making the awards to the manufac tures of the Ladies—Green H. Jordan, John H. brown, George Murph. Committee ; on Manufactures and Agricultural Im provements—John S. Thomas, O. ii. F. Bonner George D. Case. Committee Jot Arrangements, whose duty it will be to select and have prepared a suitable site for the exhibi tion of the Fair, &c. &c. M. J. Kenan, R. H. Ram say, Win. H. Scott. Committee to confer with the othorities of the State Association, to secure the services of a suitable orator on the occasion—M. Grieve, Dr. John R. Coiling, Rev- S. K. Talinage. Persons competing for the premiums on Treatises, are requested to hand their productions to the first named Committee man m the respective departments, for which they contend, at least eight days previous to the Fair, that the Committees may have time to bestow that at tention upon them it is believed their importance will merit, and that they may be prepared to report at the time the other awards are made. A W REDDING. R M.ORME, M GRIEVE, I L. HARRIS, Committee ofAArrangemen t, Gen. Flores. This distinguished personage late President of the republic of Equador with Ins Aid-de-Caiup and Secre tory left New York on the *JOth in the Steamer Guodnl quiver lor Havana. Thence he. will proceed to Vene zuela, where a strong party of his friends w ill join him in another ellbrt to reinstate himself in power. The New York Herald oj the 21{ ftayx : “Those who are acquainted with General Flores, speak of him as a man of great talent and energy.” Scott’s Demeanor in llattle. A corresjiondent of the N. O. Delta thus writes o 1 Gen. Scott’s demeanor in battle. Gen. Scott, at the head of our nmiy, during the en gage ment received a slight wound in the leg, and what is remarkable no person whatever except himself was aware of it until after the battle was over. A great deal has been said and written in reference totheability Gen. Scott as a military man, but those who have seen him in command and under fire, can only fonn a just concept ion of his abilities. His cool consideration of everything around him—his quick perception —his firm resolve and immediate execution—-equal if they do not surpass those ot any of the great genera la wh'*c deeds have been made so conspicuoe in histo | ry. Wlint Next t The Kennebec Journo! says: “We saw at Hallowed, a lew days since, a machine, invented by Mr George ■ Pollard of that town, lor picking oakum. He picks, fit tor use, Sr) lbs in 30 minutes; while by the process ©f hand picking some 7ot 3 tbs. is s day’s work. The machine may be woikedby hand, hoi se, water or steam |Kwer. Onwsrd is tiie mnrcli of improvement. The infirm paupers in the alms-houses may henceforward told their arms, and exclaim ill quiet resignation, “Our occupa tions gone !” Col. Jefferson Davis’ Loiter. The Baltimore American, very justly remarks that the following letter from the gallant Col. Davis, ot Miss <ippi, bear* eloquent testimony to the great and manly pianties o! Gen. Taylor. It will he seen that the impression mode by Gen TAVtAiKsdinracter upon those that know him liest is derived from the sterling nature of the man, os recognized not only in his capa city as a commander, hut as especially seen in the or dinary utlairs ot private life and intercourse. There have been uud are now many distinguished personages who look best at a distance, while a more intimate ob servation discloses weaknesses which detract from the symmetry of the character and impair ita efficiency. The actors look well on the stage, lait they dress lor the occasion and play tor effect.—The letter ot Col. Davis describes a character worthy of the inspection it invitee—a character with nothing sham about it, but tub o! kind, generous and noble qualitu* Brjeri old, ( Miss ) i Bepiciiibor iMth, lbl7 > C. G. Forshf.y, Esq ,oJ Com. of Invitation : Deai SUr /—When 1 received the fetter of yotir com mittee, inviting me on behalf of the cuiaens of Concor dia, to a barbei'i:s to be given on the 30th inst. ns o compliment to the character and gallant services of Gen. Z. Taylor, 1 hoped it would have been in my power to meet you on an occasion to me so interesting and grate lul to the warm personal attachment I teel lor the patroit hero whom you propose to honor. Valua ble an I brilliant as have been the public services oi Gen. Taylor, attracting the admiration and gratitude of his countrymen throughout our broad Union, those who have known him best will equally remember and honor him for the purity, the generosity and unostenta tious magnanimity of his private character, llis colos sal greatness is presented in the garb of the strictest re publican simplicity ; and to this, no doubt, in a great degree, may be referred the feeling you describe when you say, “we are learning to regard him with a filial ufK ction.” To speak of Gen. Taylor as one who has known him long and well, I will say, that his life has been de voted to the service of hiscountry so rno other reward than the consciousness of serving it well—nnd that for many years past, the goal of his desire has been a private sta tion, as soon as his official obligation would permit, to retire to the enjoyment of the sovereignty of a citizen of the United States. Before closing I will recur to a recent and character istic exhibition of his disinterested pat rot ism. He was called on by the administration for his opinion as to the best mode of prosecuting the war with Mexico. In view of the embarrassment which surrounded Gen. Scott, and the importance of the operations in which he was engaged, Gen. Taylor recommended that u portion ot his own command be sent to reinforce the Southern column. For the good of his country, he sacrified his long deferred hope of an advance at the moment of its fulfilment, and doomed himself to the worst punishment of a soldier—inactivity on u line ot detence. For the good of his country nil personal am bition, all rivalry were forgotton—he gave his vest also to the man who had taken his coat, and left him expos ed to the storms of Buena Vista. Permit me to offer you for the occasion : Gen. Taylor —The soldier who “never surrenders the citizen whose love is “lor the country, the whole country the man whose sacrifices are all of himself. Accept for yourselves, gentlemen of the committee* and please tender to those whom you represent assur ances of my high esteem nnd the regret which 1 feel at not being able to meet you as invited. Very respectfully, yours, JEFFERSON DAVIS. Letter ot General Taylor to the Honorable Joseph R. Ingersol. “The Editor of the N. Y. Courier and Enquirier says: We have hoped for some time past, to obtain a copy of the aboye letter ; but we have been disappointed. The general tenor and substance, however, we are per mitted to impart to our readers. The Letter is dated the 3d of August. 1847, nt the Head Quarters of the Army of Occupation in Mexico. It commences by stating that he (Gen. Taylor) is “a Whig, not an ultra partisan Whig, but a decided Whig that no one could have observed the debate in the Congress of the last session on the attempt to censure him for the capitulation ot Monterey, conduct ed mainly hi “parly grounds,” and doubt “the com plexion of his ” (my) “ politics ” That he has held n commission iu the army of the United States for foity years,—this commission being one of the last issued by- Mr. Jefferson ; that in the last Presidential election he advocated the election of Mr. Clay, believing that he and h a friends, u assimilated’ more to the principles of Mr. J if.Mson than their “opponents.” Gen. Taylor proceeds then to define his present po sition, —that he does not thmk himself qualified for the Presidency ; that he would willingly postpone his name to secure the election of Mr. Clay or any of the distin guished men of the same school now presented to the public. If, however, the people of the United States shall spontaneously elect him, he shall feel himself bound to serve ; but that he will not accept of a party nomi nation “exclusively.” That if he should be elected he will go into office unpledged to any particular course , that he was determined to carry cut the intention of the framers of the constitution, of whom two (referring to Washington and Madison,) were among the early Presidents of the country, and that he is determined in such case to be the President of the “nation,” and not of a “parly .” This letter is, we understand, the most full nnd satis factory exposition of Gen. Taylor’s views, yet given by him. Mr. Ingersoll will not consent to its publication, because it is an answer to a letter forged by some in dividual and purporting to have been written by Mr Ingersoll, when no such letter was ever written by him We think Mr. Ingersoll right in the position he has taken : but we hope he will take the proper measures to relieve himself from this difficulty, and obtain the con sent of Gen. Taylor to lay this interesting document before the public. Taylor Meetings. A meeting of the friends of Gen. Taylor, with out distinction of party, was held at Nashville Tenne see on the 9th, inst. It was very numerously atten ded by persons from all portions of the state. The Mayor of Nashville presided and addresses were de livered by Judge Turner and the Hon. Bailie Peyton The preamble attached to the resolutions which wen passed is too long for publication entire. After review ing ably the condition and prospects of the country it thus concludes: m ” Under all the circumstances of the country at this time, in view of the past as well as the future, and more especially in view ot the deeply exciting and moment ous questions which are likely to arise out of our pres ent relations with Mexico, it may be regarded as pecu liarly fortunate that there exists a man in whom the whole country—every section and all parties—may safe ly confide the administration ot the executive depart ment of the government after the expiration of the term of the present incumbent—a man who, although he may have impressions and opinions on every question, of interest which has attracted public attention, is pledged to no party upon the points upon which the most serious differences may lie expected to present themselves in the conduct of public affairs—a man whose career has been marked with a singular discretion, firmness, judg ment and devotion to his country—a man against whom there exists no prejudice or hostility arising out of past party conflicts, among the great body of the people, and who at the same time, enjoys their undivided esteem and admiration. Such a man is Gen. Zachary Tay lor. The question of his candidacy can no longer be regarded ns open and doubtful. The people in almost every State and section of the Union have, in their pri mary and spontaneous meetings declared their confi dence in and determination to support him ; and whether he shall receive the nomination of a national conven tion or not, he will be supported by the people. There fore. Re noire and. That this meeting cordially concurs in the nominations of Gen Zachary Taylor for the Presiden cy which have, heretofore, been made in public assem bles of the people in this and other States of the Union. Revolted, That we have entire confidence in the ability and discretion of Gen. Taylor to administer the executive department of the government skilliily and sitceesfully, and that he will do ao, if elected, upon truly republican principles. Remitted, That we recootmnend to the friends of Gen. Taylor, in every county of this State and in every State of the Union, to put him in nominatidn, without waiting the e* lt ofparty conventions, and to take the proper step* for the •election of un electoral ticket in each State. In Kentucky a day has been already designated for the sitting of a State Convention to nominate an elec toral ticket for the State. At the recent meeting in Bou bon county the following resolutions were adopt ed : ” Remitted, Hint we the citizens of IV orbon county assembled, recommend Gen. Ztchnry Taylor as a suit able person for our next President. Remitted, That we reconciled to those of other c< un ties who will unite with u. tint they end delegates to Frankfort on the 21 1 of February next, for the purpose of selecting electors lor President mid Vice President, and that Richard Hawes, George \V Williams, W. W. Alexnnd'*r, Nathaniel I* Rogers, and Hubbard Taylor. Sr., Ik* the delegates for Bourbon county, to meet at the time* and pluce desjguutcd, or such other time and pisce os may be fixed.” Adjournment of the Epfocopiil <’mention. The New York Herald of the Ist inst. says:—."The Protestant Episoopd I’onvention, contrary to the ex pectation of evsry one, as much as to that of the mem- tine die last evening, after a short ace •ion of two days. Before the waters became troubled, or the passions or prejudices of the nv Hillers got excit ed, a senes oi resolutions were introduced by the Rev Mr. Forbes, virtually leaving to the general eonven* uon, which will shortly meet, the case nftk *<l B>l*p. t*r Una! ailjuifimlun. Under nil tu*’™’ “T>a ‘“•nef. tliii wrm the best action lU-y cuu |j * r ""- in tlie matter, and we congratulate the ? t * l eo happy turn which matters took.'’ u:i Us C VTEIi ruo.ll EUROPE. Orcnt Decline in Cotton. The Cainbrjn arrive:! at Boston, on the i ... Liverpool dates to the sth ult. The *■ lh *illl intelligence is oi a most diiheartning elm rj."."’'"'' l " l money market was still sadly depressed awl 1 ’ l ‘ e failures continued to occur dully m n |) _ IU , s 'y Kingdom. The pecuniary revulsion in Ene-l-. 1 ? 01 *** greater and more alarming than that 1837. The Baltimore Sun of the doth, ollu . t " u,ltr y in stateol tilings abroad lemaika; “The down* and nicy ol the markets, in both cotton and I?") len ‘ and the frightful depression and calamities of Z""®. etnry and commercial interests of England nr * culated to appeal us here, tor a moment, and m*' 11 " 11 ’ apprehension with regard to the effect ol <l . uick( The grain and provision markets had been j ‘ but constantly declining. The fall m Cuu more disastrous. A Liverpool circular of ‘* llll following: -h has The prices of cotton since our Inst advice, he seen, have seriously receded, a circuni*,J “T® putnhly result ng from the aggravated coodnT,!? ? money market, and the consequent impossible J’ le rarest instances, ol obtaining accomnuidutu™ universal panic which has sensed upon manui! Th ” and Hie total destruction of every thing like efforts in the lower qualities particularly, , he f/? a ”' e more severely fell. Operations since the airiviuT * Caledotua have been of the most burned hu es for the week endmg the Ist mstam, wera -1,000 bales, of Which only 800 were on sue I i*"” since then the sales have been about 3,u00 bXs^ U °“ 1 On the 3d instant, 3,000 bales were disposed of all, consumers, speculation being emirel„„ , . the demand being to ,1* I “' i The following are the quotation., ,| lowi ol t of a penny, or a cent and a half, 81nce ces: “New Orleans ordinary to middling SJ. „ 51,1., to good 6|d.a fid ; good to fine 7*d. a Btd y'f* ordinary to middling 5.1. a 5*1.; fair g,md 6jd . good to fair fiid. Alabama and Tennessee ordinal, middling sd. a sfd.; fair to good fair 5| | . a Georgia ordinary , 0 middling SJ. a 5d.; fair toJj fair bid. a 81.; good to fair 6d. a 6td. Sea Wand? dmary to middling 9d. a 10*d.; fair to good fair lm n lid.; good to lair 15d. a 18d.; damaged range,fa, Purchase of Indian Territory. The Picayune learns from the MHuxtukie IKaio,. fin that “Gen. Isaac A. Verplanck, who has recentlv been appointed hy the President a me,*, conclude a treaty with the Chippcw is of the AJ - pi. has been entirely successful in the object ot ham* 81011, and hss lurmed treaties, subject ot course i„ * tanficution of the Senate. w,th the Uapp.-Was .add* I illager Indians in the new Territory of Minesou- The following are the boundaries of the lands which have been ceded to the United States by these two In. ilian tribes:” 1 lie first treaty was concluded at Fond-c/u-Lac at Lake Su|>erior, on the 2d August. 1641, wdi ifo Chippewas of Lake Superior and the Mississippi. The land purchased is bounded on the east hy the Miasisis ippi river, on the north by the Crow W.ng and Long Frame rivers, on the west by the boundary line between the Sioux and Chippewas, and on the south by the Wa tab river. This land is to be the future home o! the Winnebagoes. “The second treaty was concluded at Leech Lake, on the 21st August, with the Pillager Indians. Th* purchase is adjoining the tract purchased oftheChipp. was, and lying between Long Prairie and Leal fiver- Geu. Taylor’s Letter. The National Intelligencer, of Tuesday, publishes the following letter from Gen. Taylor, at the request of the gentleman to whom it was addressed: Headquarters Army of Occupation. Camp near Monterey, August 10, 1847. Siß—Your letter of the 17th ultimo, requesting of me an exposition of my views on the questions of nations Policy now at issue between the political parties of the United States, has duly reached me. 1 must take occasion to say that many of my letters, addressed to gentlemen in the United States in answer to similar inquiries, have already been made public and 1 had greatly hoped that all persons interested had, by this time, obtained from them a sufficiently accurate knowledge of my views aud desires in relation to tin sulnecr As it appears, however, that such is not the case, I deem it proper,in reply to your letter, distinctly to repeat that l am not before the people of the United States as a candidate for the next Presidency. Its my great desire to return, at the close of this tear, to the discharge of those professional duties and to the enjoy ment of those domestic pursuits from which I was call ed at its commencement, and for which my tastes and education best fit me. I deem it but due to candor to state, at the same time, that it I were called to the Presidential Chair by tln general voice of the people, icithout regard to tkevr political differences, 1 should deem it to be my duty to accept tiie office. But while j freely avowl my attachment to the administrative policy of our early Presidents, 1 desire it to be understood that I cannot submit, even in thus accepting it, to the exaction of auy other pledge os to the course I should pursue than dial of discharging its functions to the beat ofmy abiuty.aud strictly in accordance with the requirements of the con stitution. I have thus given you the circumstances under which only can I be induced to accept the high and reasona ble office of President of the United States. lured hardly add that lcannot many rase permit mysrllU be brought before the people exclusively oy any of the political parties that tunc so unfortunately divide our country, ns their candidate for tins office. it affords me great pleasure, in conclusion, fully to concur with you in your high and just estimate ol tie virtues, both of head and heart,of the distinguish? j cit izens [Messrs Clay, Webster’ Adams, McDcffibuJ CalHuUnJ mentioned in your letter. I have never tP erased the pnviledge of voting; but if J had ucencall ed at the last Piesidential election to do so, I timid most certainly have cast my votejor Mr. Clay. I am sir, very’ respccifuly, Your obedient servant, Z TAYLOR, Major Gen. U. S. Aiuiy. linporiitir Invention. Wc learn from the Hagerstown Torchlight, that Mr. gj Samuel lientz, ot Boonsboiough, Md , husdiicovrudl g| prK*esH, which is now being patented, & which, it is l| scried.completely reiiiovcsnii bran and extra neuuiMl - g| tertrum the wheut m its natural state, fearing ra| nothing but pure ungrounJ dour, and effecting* rag or gam of at least one-tenth. The editor adds— II The outer coating of the gram is < o.npleuly reinuwh Eg and instead of sixty-one pounds of of offal, (or vat luwi- |j| | el of wheat to the barrel) the offal under this 11 | will not exceed from seven to t*-lv<- pounds; anJvMj G| troiu to si) percent, ot time is su v *.*d in ti* g' lo *’ H| itig, the varieties of wheat tie impiovcd from n| til tee n per cent, producing the very best hot tlattU |j| flour known in the world. These results havebrrn w* &| rived at by actual experiment, and the public cn thus ||| see, at a glance the immense importance of |j| provcineut. The cultivation of mifoont of sdditio i ucres, could not benefit tin* world more than ifo'ran, ’ uud un w- are told, truly simple invention. VNr h** specimen of the unbraned wheut, which wc will ® 6 pleasure in showing to anyone who may wisbfe** ine it. A specimen wus prepared for the N * ’ which bus elicited the following higniy couiplt®# nll ” letter: . N. Y. State Auriculti ral Socnrrv,t Ai.many, beptemhSff I*’* 7 ’ S. Ukntz :—Y our letter dosing samples ol wheat, h c with your notice as to the improvement, was receiy too late to h* passed upon by the Judges at the /• hut has been carefully xm mined by the Executive mittee, mid they are impressed with its ureal the wheat glowing districts of our Htatc. W* a,e ■irous of ssoi*riainißg the process by which it * 8 phshed, the expense attending it uud whether it done fast enough, so as to supply a run of grinding. We have swarded you a diploma* w is herewith enclosed. 1 should be plessed to ** send me by express a larger sample of wiiest a of bran—ssy t quarts. Wc are detnous to MCf all wc can in relation to it, os we deem it very ant. 1 am, respectfully youis, B P. JOHNSON, Hec’ry. N. Y. Agfkdraral %gT Patrons will please hand 111 their AdveitjJ ment* on Monday afternoon, or eaily juesuay nlng.