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JOI R STAJL X MKSSKMIKK. s* T. < IIAFMAN A S. ROSE, Etiitnn. - - Dairy UasiMH at the South. During tlie short time we have been in the Southern States our attention has been di ’• I ! the Bitbject of making Butter and ei .3 quarter of the Union. It is a b.a.s a ot’ rural industry with which we have b. . :i fimiiiar from our earliest boyhood.— Finding the statistics of the number of cows milked ni the Stare of New York given nei ther in the United States or State Census, \v had that and other defects corrected in 1341. The census of 1845 disclosed the un expected fact that there were over one mil lion ot cows in the State, of which nearly that number was milked. As the dairy husi ne-s was very profitable in 1816 and 1817 and n. ny mu have been driven into New York from Ohio and other States, us well as many hein is < one to maturity which were reared within its limits we estimate the number of milkers th ■ pant season at one million one hun dred and fifty thousand. It is impossible to say with any approach to accuracy, what is the money value of the milk, butter, cheese and pork realized from the cows of New York. It will not do ta estimate the product by the ; returns fr >.ri the milkers, kept by the writer and Ins friends in therily of Rochester. The , v: product of the 1,230,000 cows cannot be | less than tinrly millions of dollars. \ cow which will give ten -quarts of milk a day w irth two cents a quart, tor 200 days in a y< a y , ids in that time liirty dollars, worth of i! s most wholesome lood. Ol course a million ol i h cows would give forty millions of dollars ai milk. Kn nvina that the dairy business is profit- I able, we f:i i commend it to the favorable no- j tire . : Sa.it.hern farmers with nil confidence. — . Is it sound policy to depend entirely on one crop—a single article—which may be low in j price, destroy ed by worms or adverse seasons. ; lor the m. ans to purchase every thing need ed bv tie igriculturist. his linnily and labo rers, tiii ‘ i..i a wholejyear? We do not ob ject to th growing ot cotton, so far as its cul- ] ture will pay better than any other branches ol rural labor. But we are confident that the over proa ‘ion of this great staple is close nt ht"d. The State of Georgia, according to it., o.i . ; . y-s. contains thirty-six mil-1 a-o . es. Oie third of this is. certainly, i .in 11 i.mds. Cultivate oae-l'uurtli or one-j third of her whole territory in cotton, or throe ! mi!1 1 las of a res out of tliirly-six so that tiiey [ will weld a bale to the acre, and the product i will lie three millions of hales —six hundred : thousand more than all the cotton growing j Siales have ever produced in any one year, j The wise foresee the evil and hide them- ! selves.” Wise cotton planters will look out lor other branches of agriculture insects 0a,30 that their annual incomes shall never be less. Can you not procure twenty, fifty or one hundred cows, and with a little pains both keep and improve them? Wcdare not speak of Southern grasses, and yet we see a thick gross sward covering the dry commons ol'Au- < gu .a Milledgeville and elsewhere, on which ! cows feed ;.s though they relished their food, i \in.--tenths of all the corn fields, and not a few cotton fields, are covered with a dense c irpet of grass. Certainly, it requires not ai li wit. nor labor, to make grass grow in ...iis climate and soil. What they would do, u . I :■ judici ms management, as liiod for cows, we do not know, anil beg to be informed. Suppose a farmer should set apart a ten 1 acre field, manure and cultivate it as itsliould ; be to give him a large yield of sweet potatoes? : Suppose lie drills in another field of twenty I acres to corn, cuts it up before it is ripe, and 1 cures it well lor fodder ? With a plenty of I such tooii in addition to grass, rye, millet, peas. | turnips, b ets. and carrots, can he not keep any reasonable number of dairy cows? We esteem very highly the* yam and the sweet I potatoe; and if they will notmake cheap milk butter, beet and and pork, our judgment is at’ fault. Having procured the cows and a generous ‘ flow of mil > how will you extract from it ail tb butter and cheese at the least expense ? j ‘.v pn. t iin a condition to keep well in! 1... cuai.i:. one or two years ? From a 1 kof experience in making butter I and cliei ~e. it is unavoidable that Southern farmers should know as little of this business as we do of growing cotton. It is our pur pose to study closely the culture of the lalter crop, and to giveonr readers a chance to learn something of the best process for making good cheese and butter, and keejang them good the year round. In summer there is much difficulty in making all the butter rise on milk in the shape of cream, before the milk becomes sour and thick. Hence to avoid loss, not the cream only but the whole milk should lie churned, so soon as it is coagulated. In a cool brick or stone milk-house, well shaded and dug deep into the earth, like a cellar, milk may be kept J from twenty-four to thirty-six hours before churning i : the hottest weather. Our rela tives m New York make a heavy sheep do the charm j. \ sheep is better than a dog. and ‘ a mule better than either sheep or a man. lor so oh churning. Cold pure freestone wa ter will not injure butter in washing out butter [ -mi! and particles of curd, in working over new butter. A- much cannot be said of hard lime water, i whir generally contains an appreciable a- j mount ol cpsom salts copperas ana chloride of i iron us well of suits M lime and soda. We prefe r to work over butler without any water— the brine o. pure salt tarnishing waterenough. In no ease should the hand, with its animal heat and insensible perspiration be applied to the working of butter. All the suit should be dissolved. atness in every particular is quite in lisp-usable in all dairy operations.— The butter brought into the Augusta market, shows a lamentable neglect in this important particular. Where milk and butter are kept in a cellar, nothing else should be; nor should uny wood eomeiuto contact with earth to de- j cay. Nothing but pure salt, and not a great 1 deal of that, at the last working ol the i b ilt ris ceded. Our practice is to work but-1 .■always twice, nnd often three times over to remove every animal substance, but the but ter and n delicious aroma. As stone ware can be in ule very cheap in tins porcelain re regiou. we advise pans for milk, and crocks for paekiugjbutter in. be made of the white sili cate of alumina, ol which we have seen so much in Q. urgia. Many tons of this mineral lire transported from New Jersey to Buffalo, t leveland and Detroit, to lie mould, and ami bak ed into • .inus. jugs, crocks, &.C. If we mis take not. “ queen’s ware ” can be made out of the material tiiund in this State at a profit.— We know of but two establishments of the land in tiie Union. We sb II have more to say on the subject of “ Dairies nt the South;” talk of cheese, and tin way that women milk, whn don't know hole, and l.enee get about two-llurds as much in the course of n season as one might whn and ies up the business secundum orient. There is but one cheese dairy in all Georgia. We w ant to *'i’ five thousand—a number that ran ni.i.o fortunes at the business. —Southern Cultii mer. Analysis olllie l oil on Plant. F;om u recent letter received from our ror respindetit ill Germany, we learn thut the fir ‘ oniplete analysis of tiis Cotton plant, seed, and cotton wool, ever attempted in En rol*'. i.i now m progrci s in the Laboratory of ol the renowned Libsio under his superinten dence. A private pupil of the great t'lieniist linn it in charge, and as tlie plant nnd fhlit from winch the analysis is to tie made, was m ill from tin plantation of our friend John C. KiNociiToN. Ksq.. tho forthcoming experi ments will he ot singular interest to Houtii faroliiiH Planters. Baron Likrio, next sea son. li, determined to grow cotton from the seed sent by artificial means by furnishing the pi “■! ► m ire will diet ite may open fields “savoiui nt in the culture ofour great sta le she analysis will be furnished us lor publication ; soon u- liuule. —Cdro/ifttan. \ stall tint Solid Argument. They ilist deny a God, destroy man's nobility : for estuu itv man is of kin to th*’ beasts by his body ; sn.i it her* not Main to God l>y ins spirit, he is an I'tioble i X est •tan .- td. Baron I MACON, GEORGIA. \\ EDNESDAy, FEB. 2. 1848. FOB president, GEN. ZACHARY TAYLOR. < ongres.iiHial News. Both House of Congressseems to lie busily engnxeil in discussing the war and collateral questions. It is | generally supposed ihnt the new loan of eighteen and i a half million will be authorized, but without any ! provisions for the use of Treasury Notes. The Gen. Regiment Bill will probably be defeated or amended ; so as to Empower the President to fill np the exist ing Regiment to a number equal to the aggregate of men asked for. The object seems to be to restrict I the under patronage of the executive. No other men , eurcs ot importance arc ns yet prominently before ie- j ther House. Proposed New Market Ordinance. A correspondent in another column,makes some sag- ! gestions in regard to a change ill the market regulations which seem to meet wilh general approbation. The i universal opinion is, that the market cannot !’ worse than at present, and therefore, that any change must i be an improvement. It seems to be but reasonable that if we are to have the nntnc of a market nnd the ripe me of a market, we aliould also enjoy some of its advanta ges. Otherwise the whole nfihir should tic abolished, nnd then all can enter with equal zeal and equal pros pect of suc.-ess into die general scramble for the pigs and turkeya. We make theae remarks not from any personal inconvenience, hut simply in obedience to the wishes of a large and respectable class of sufferers. Proposed National Convention. Asa number of Whigs at Washington have deter mined to hold a National Convention for the purpose ot nominating cnndidatcß for die Presidency and Vice Presidency, it becomes important that the W higs of Georgia, in their primnry meetings during the approach ing spring Courts, should express an opinion upon the subject. It will be exceedingly proper for them to do so, especially ns they wdl he appointing delegnies to the June Convention, and as the action of that Con vention may greatly depend upon the instructions given to the Delegates appointed. Even if tile Convention should nominate (as we have no doubt it will) a Taylor Ticket, it may be proper to send Delegates with limited in’ auctions, to a National Convention, in order to con sult and confer, in regard to the Vice Presidency. W’e regard it therelore as a question for the people them selves to settle. We believe they will settle it priqierly and promptly, just oa they have settled the question in regard to “ Old Rough and Ready,” and they will do it without any reference to leaders or their dictation. They will follow men ns the representatives of their principles, only so long as they can be made useful in carrying ilioac principles into practice, but they will not allow cither their former personal attachments ;or the ambitious views ol old favorites, to lead them from the plain path of duty. To the people therelore, we are jierfeclly willing to submit the question. The Him. John W. Jones. The speech of the Representative from this District, seems to have produced some little excitement both in and out of Congress. As we have not yet received a corrected copy of it, we are of course not prepared to pass upon its literary merits. Some oi the m<*t intelli gent letter writers sp.uk of it as a siieeeli embodying many sound and statesmanlike views, though perhaps j somewhat encumbered wilh a redundancy of words.— As Mr. Jones has been hut little in publi life, and has l ad but limited ex|ierience in either writing or speaking, this may lie true ; hut we feel assured that for sound ness ol judgment and general correctnes* of conclu sions he has few superiors either in liis District on in j Congress. The Treaty of Peace. By our latest advices from Washington, it appears i that tiie 1 reaty ol Peace spoken of, was not a result ol the election ol Herrera as President, but of an unthori zed negotiation carried on between Mr. Trist and Messrs. Cuevas, Couto and Atristian, Mexican Com missioners. It is not a treaty, butthe basisof anagree ment winch may easily be converted into a Treaty by tiie Mexican and American authorities. Tiie agree ment embodies substantially the demand made by Mr. Trist betore the city ol Mexico under the directions of Messrs. Buchanan and Polk. It has not yet received tlip sanction of the Mexican Congress, but it is thought , that it will readily be agreed to by that body. It was under consideration in the Cabinet at Washington on the 26tli ult., and it was generally supposed that Mr. Polk, as usual, anxious to shill die resiioiisibility, would submit the whole matter to Congress. It is believed in Washington, nnd so stated by the correspondent of the Baltimore Sun, that Mr. Trist has acted under the advice and with the consent of Gen. Scott. What will be done in the premises remains to be wen. The whole affair seems involved in more mystery than ever. It is doubtful w hether Congress will countenance the 1 reaty, as it will provide for the acquisition of territory, and then again it is still more douhtl'u I whether, if ter ritory is obtained, it may not be incumbered with the Wilmot Proviso, crvrilh the white instead of the Fed eral basisot Representation. On this subject the Na tional Intelligencer of the 27th ult. says, “it has receiv ed a letter from its correspondent at New Orleans, un der date of the ICtlt instant, in which he says that he lias received inlbiillation from a source such as to leave little doubt on his mind of its correctness, that “Mr. Trist has signed a treaty, and that it will be received here [New Orleans) by the next arrival.” Private letters from officers in Mexico mention ru mors there which look to tiie result above indicated. Capt. Croghan Ker, of 2d Regiment U. 8. Dragoons, arrived at Washington, yesterday, from Mexico, l.y way of Vera Crux and New Orleans, bearer of depatch es, which it is thought may throw some light on the subject. The Washington Union,of 27th ult says:—“Wash ington is full of rumors about peace. Hut we cannot understand any official accounts have been received to justify these sanguine calculations. The only thing which we have heard of any authentic character, is a letter Iroiu a distinguished officer, who writes from Ve ra Crux, on the 3d instant, to a member of Congress, reporting the arrival of the courier from the capital, with rumors about negotiation, and the opinion ot the commander-in-chief that we should have peace at no i distant day. We have no continuation of these re -1 porta from official sources ; though we should not be surprised if Mr. Trist, without any instructions or nu ! thorny, was receiving proposals trom the Mexican , commissioners.” Odd Fellows IVlvb inliou* It is not our purpose to attempt even an imperfect j analysis of the very chaste and elegant Address pro- ! nouncedon Thursday last, In-fore the Independent Or der of Odd Fellows, by the Rev. Brother Myers. It was a clear and able exposition of the principles and prncticesot Odd Fellowship—so far at least, ns tis proper lor them to Is* imd before the public. It was matter of much regrvl, that so few eitiaeus were pres ent, to benefit by ;tlie wise counsels of the Speak- j er; we are however gratified to learn, that the mflu- j ence of it may not tx* entirely lost, ns efforts are being made, to induce the speaker lo yield In* assent to its publication m pamphlet f nu With one portion of the Address, we were particu larly struck—that which illustrated the practical char- j ity of tiie Order, and proved in the language of the Speaker, that Odd Fellowship “ is not all plan without I performance— mere syateni without result. From relit- ! hfc statistics, it appears that the benefits paid by the 1 various Lodges in the Union from 1811 to 1816, amount- 1 ed to ss4o/kJO In 1846, to $06,00(1. In 1847 to S3OO.- ‘ 000. In Georgia for the yenreruling July Ist, 1847, j tiie benefits were #3.500, and in the City of Mncon | alone, $775. Hince the establishment of the Order in Macon, no lew than twenty six hundred dollais have been dispensed in charity t*#the various objects deemed worthy us assistance “ We intend no invidious com parisons, hut we sincerely question whether ail tin chanties of all the churches in the City, during the tame time, would amount to one halfof the shove sum. Like the drwsfr*mi Hruven, thase lienetii* hive distilled upon the unfortunate and the helpless, and yet there is no noise or excitement crested upon the sublet Well and truly did the worthy Speaker alter pres* sit ing ih*ae and other lads equally striking, exclaim : “Oh ! that the thousands of humble and industrious poor—the men gaining their daily bread by their daily toil—cut off’ from every resource, when prostrated by sickness—-their disease haUie to be aggravated by the distress of a watching, mid care-worn wife, and die cry of famished bafirs (4h ‘ that the hundreds of widows and thousands ol orphans, but for our Order left to the cold charity of a wot Id fully istssessrd with its own gnefr—to pine—to starve—to sin—< Mi! that tin (numberless exiles from home, and the assiduous atten tions of home-friend.*, who, but for us and such as we might have sickened uud died, unattended, unwept, and . unhonored, with no memorial placed to mmk. a strang- , engrave—Oh! that these—a 11 these might appear be fore you to-day, to testify of the anguish quenched, tho bliss conferred by the unohstrusive, quiet working of our system ; then there would be no need of an Orator so unskilled ns I, in stirring human sympathies, to speak of our charities—to testify of our humane labors—to enJist your hearts in our cause—for every look and every word would be a tongue, which eloquence herself might he proud to substitute for her shimmering gifts.” We will not mar the beauty of the performance, by I making further extracts, especially os we trust that our ! readers may have the pleasure of perusing the Address entire, in print. | The Order appeared in full force during the day, and while in pi occasion, mode quite an imposing appearance. Not Dead Vet. j On the outside of our present number, will be found lan extract from the Hamburg Republican, including an article, from the pen of the truly celebrated ; “founder of Hamburg.” The great object of Mr. I j Shultz, seems to be to announce to the people ol (ieor- I j gia, that after a quarter of a century’s toil nnd trouble, j so far from his being swallowed up by a “ soulless eorpo - ( 1 ration ,” he haa at last succeeded in dragging it More | ; the Chief Tribunal of justice, and placed himself in a ! position where his rights will be fairly passed upon, by ! the Supreme Court of the nation. Verily, there is not j another man in Christendom, who could have manifest ed such dogged |>erseverance, such on unyielding deter mination to “ have his rights or die” in the attempt He has proved a very “ Old Zac,” in litigation and the word “ surrender,” does not seem to have a place in his Lexicon. Should he succeed, he will have gained a real Buena Vista victory. We do not think however, that even if he should recover, the public will be serious ly in ured, ns the Bank is doubtless perfectly able to meet even the large amount claimed, without injury either to its Bill holders or creditors. At the same time no man would enjoy the princely fortune gained, more than would Mr. Shultz—none would be more charita ble or just with it, and no one would spend more of it for the support of the poor and unfortunate, than would the celebrated “ Founder of the City of Hamburg.” The State Road, It will be seen by the advertisement of the Chief Engineer in another column, tlait proposals will be re ceived at Ins Office in Atlanta, until the 20th of March, for the grading, superstructure, &c.,of the unfinished 1 portion of the Western and Atlantic Rail-Road. Un- j der the provision of the law of the last Legislature. Mr. i Mitchell we think, very properly invite* bids for the work, both by sections and as a whole. We have no doubt now, that the work will be pressed to completion, at the earliest practicable period, particularly as Ten nessee , by the prompt and noble response of her Legis lature, seems to have settled the question of Extension, both to Nashville and Knoxville. The Road once ex extended to Nashville, and “ there is no telling where it will stop” Louisville, St. Louis, and even Chicago, are now earnestly looking forward to an ultimate con nection by our Georgia improvements with the South ern Atlantic ports. . The Dalilouega Mint. The Editor of the Marietta Helicon, who has been wandering among the gold mines for a few days, gives the following table showing the monthly and aggregate ‘ coinage of the above Mint for the year 1847. The j amount is much larger than we had supposed was yield ed by the mines of the. State. Their product during the year must have been considerable over half a mil lion. January, $7,465 August, 39,097 February, 29,490 September, $32,660 March, 36,855 October, 40,605 ( April, 32,360 November, 17,385 May, 15,505 December, 40,880 , J une 33,227 July, 35,855 Aggregate, $361,485 A Small Error. It has been announced from the Treasury Depart ment to Congress, that an Error has been discovered in I the estimates of only $0,914 078 ! This error it is true, J is in favor of the Treasury, but it proves, that Mr. j Polk’s Agents are either very careless or very incompe tent. When they see the government throwing away hundreds of millions upon conquest, and rapidly run ning up a national debt, it is but natural, that they should regard an error of seven millions, as an insigni ficant affair. When” pay day comes” the people will begin to hold the followers of Mr. Polk, responsible for the conduct of their Chief. The President’s Wars. The Louisville Journal is afraid that the Administra tion is getting more wars upon its hands than it can manage with any sort of convenience, nnd enumerates its war upon Mexico, its war upon Gen. Taylor and his friends, its war upon the Constitution, its w r ar upon the currency, its war upon the rivers and harbors, and its war upon the old ladle’s coffee-pots and tea-kettles.” The lowa Legislature. The legislature of lowa, was organized on the 3d inst, Thomas Hughes,(Dem.) President of the Senate, and J. B. Brown, (Whig) Speakerof the House. The Democrats have a majority on joint ballot ; hut the 1 Cincinnati Gazette, (Whig) seems to hint at some ma tt ceuv re which threatens to supersede two of the Demo crats in the House. Whig National Convention. A meeting composed of the Whig members of Con- ; gress, and ol Whigs from various sections of the Un- j ion, was held in Washington ciiy, on the 21st ult., and they unanimously determined that a Whig Na tional Convent ion for the nomination of candidates for the Presidency and Y T ice Presidency, should be held a* some future dny. Democratic National Convention. The Democratic Members of Congress, held a meet ing on the 21st ult., in the Senate Chamber. The Un ion, of Monday night, thus gives the result : “ A report from the committee of both Houses, ap pointed at a former meeting, was made, recommending to the republican party to hold the National Convention for the nomination of President and Vice President, at the usual time and place—viz : at Baltimore, on the 4th Monday in May. Motions were successively made to substitute Cincinnati as the place, nnd the 4th of July, as the time of meeting, both of which were rejected. | The original report of the joint committee was I unanimoutiy adopted ; and the meeting ndjourned at 1 an early hour, in the best feeling and spirits” Tin’ Fruits of the War. The national glory, great it* it is, won in the Mejicau | : War, has tarn purchased at a tearlul sncriiicc of treas- 1 ■ ure, ami of brave men. We “[tenk not so much of the ! leaders as of the subordinate*, the comparative youths who have Ireely yielded up their live* on the Held. All | remember the fateot the heroic Roliert-, who, though a Hurgcon in the service, threw himself at the head o* l [ his Kegiment, when all its officers were cut down and tell, in the act of cheering on his men, in the bloody tight of Molino Del Key. j The South Carolina paper* mention the name of a young” Palmetto,” who was equally distinguished and j equally unloriunate. fit* remain* were recently inter red at Columbia, w ith military honor*, and a writer in , die Omly Trlvgru/ik, say*, ol him : | “ A beardless hoy, scarce seventeen, when he volun ’ eered at the first eallot Carolina—he assumed and dis tcharged unfaltering l ? tha sternest duties of manhood. In a lew weeks alter his eighteenth birth-day (10th Ju ly, 1W17,) buying passed unscathed tluougli the horrors of Contreras and Cliurubusco, he fell at Chapultepec, on the 13th September; being, in the words of hi* brave . Captain,’ amongst die foremost when lie received the j land hall.’ A mysterious warning reached Ids soul dial | his hour was come, fie told hi* comrades die night he j tor* the battle, that be should not survive the morrow Hr wu* serious and reflective, and hi* bible was often in hi* hand*. And, when that morrow came, calm and unfaltering lie pressed onward to hi* doom, ami soon | the last pulse* of his hrave young lienrt beat beneath I the bible, a* it lay, where so long it Imd bean in hie, upon his bosom. To ins bravery, hi* lotty hearing, the i’almrltoeu all bear witness. The noble DeSauwurr close* hi*affectionate account ol hi* career hy saying, second to none in the Palmetto Kegiment i then was 1 no spirit more chivalnr than that of Hkywood Tina- 1 vast, none more proud of the title ol Carolinian ‘ C> n ! rhtiELtw, when lie hi* portrait, immediately recog m*cd it,sud *uid butt he would have known it any where, and inn lew brief words, repressed his ehitrae- I ter, ’ a brave, noble gentlrman, dine was not a heller ‘ soldier in the Regiment.’ These are only isolated car. Hundreds have ilonbt iess Is He n, who were equally brave and equally devoted to ilieir country, but whose mimes and deeds w ill re main unknown to fame. The heart ’sickens at die thought ; yet such isthe tale of war All Honor to i mu fod* We have omitted to nv-n'. * d.at the * - *!it m • in (’n vsfbt I count n- ‘ the whig Candidates f'*r ba Hi •*’ * Ih'b’*’ v S . riti E. Wes* Esq, was c!> i'. * Hi mil Will be as sisted by J. B. Morgan ii • Mt s ■ i'h’ ynr both gentlemen of known and ntw habits. Tiie spring term -J t 1M ‘ ‘ unit c*m me lines on Monday next •< ‘• ‘ v ’ 1 H sue to it that the good people of th • ( y have Ht oj; ty of becoming sit!wons to the .hum it Messen ger. They have now many good realms for g;vin: us n liberal support, ;i 4 •heir g'ii advertisements wil, be inerted in our paj r, m.! as the niuiis have at 1 st been so arranged as to hs ns t < transmit it to nearly every part 6f th" 1 ceinty within twenty four hours after its publication. Kuilrciuls. The Nashville Un on of the 13th ult. Mates that “a bill has passed the Semite of that State oppiopriating S6II,(MX) to the Hast T niv - id \ n n 1 Railroad ; SIOO,OOO to the Nashville a. i h ittiii M 1 Railroad; and $611,000 to the O 1.0 nnd M bile R idroud. “On the same day tilth) uk bill to i;icr pointc the Mobile and Ohio Railroad pa and 111 1 Ten': oe Legislature to a third r ading. The \ -le <.ll it wai j ayes 35, nays 26.” 111 addition to the above, the Chattanooga Gazette says: “The amount of private subscription* to the Nashville and Chattanooea Railroad i.i now H , v) ).000. The Board of Directors are cnd -av-Mi 14 t ■ 1 the Legislature to appropriate $500,000 more, to enable the State to obtain the subscription of $1 ,<XK),O( r U born the cities of Charleston and N *w Vei l. “ We presume there must bes .1 •mi -uke i.i the last paragraph, as the Nushviiie Banner states that Gover nor Jones, in his speech before tli3 Legislature, said the amount of individual sub-cription was $1,490,000. — ; This, add? and to the $44*0,000, would m*ik‘ the $1,800,000 spoken of by the Gazette. The allusion to the pro curement of $1,000,000 from Chari* ton and New York we confess ourselves at a 10-s to comprt lieiufr and would thank our friend of tbc Gazette to explain. The South Western Rail Road. We are happy to announce that the gentlemen who have been traversing tli t nth Western Counties, for the purpose of securing sub-eriptions to the stock of the above work, have succeed* and in securing an amount suf ficient to justify the organ 1/ • ? i* *ll of th < omnnny under the charter. The election ot Fresu . ill, and a Board of Directors, will therefore t ike place as advertised on the 10th inst. If on that occasion the proper officers are chosen, men of experience, character and practical, common sense, there will 1 no difficulty in the way of j the immediate prosecution o the work to an early com pletion. The able and practical report of ?vlr. 110 - | comb has already done 111 u* ii to arrest the attention of p radical business men 111 the north to the important, national character of the work. The must influential presses in Philadelphia and New Yoik, have already been enlisted in behalf of the ent -rpris*?. We recent ly copied an able article from the North American ty U. S. Gazette, and today, give another from the JSew York Journal of Commerce These articles are from the pens ot business men and are published and en dorsed by sagacious, business Editors. They take an enlarged, national view ol the enterprise and must con vince every thinking liuCn Yhat the work will ultimately be finished aßa great national thoroughfare between the Atlantic and the Gulf. Asa local enterprise it fortunately has advantages which must commend it to the patronage ot the great planting interests of Georgia and Alabama. On ly a day or two since, we had from the lips of a rcspec- I table gentleman, a statement of facts which go far to j illustrate the importance of this work. He gave us ‘ item of the sale of a crop of 69 hales pii.i.e cotton at Eulaula,Ala. at 6± cents, at the very time when the same cotton would have brought in Macon market, 7i cents, nnd in either Charleston or Savannah 71 (a) 7J cent. The crop averaged 520 lbs. per bale and allow ing only let. per Hi difference, would have yielded $5,20 t per bale more in Macon, than it did in Eulauln. Now the South Western Rail Road w ere coinpleteiftnd the , ! proposed branch to Eufaula constructed this cotton could have been laid down in Macon at a cost of 120 cents per bale. The planter would therefore have had a clear profit of four dollars per bale, or $320 upon a single crop and only a moderate crop at that. Here is the interest at 7 percent upon upwards of $4,400, which the planter in question might invest either in money or work 111 the proposed road and yet grow rich under the operation. Tl. se planters therefore who have invested money in the South Western Rail Road have acted, w’iscly and we think the new Board should encourage a similar spirit in others by discriminating in favour of B tockholders, both for freight and travel. It is not rea senable thut men who venture their means for the con struction ot these great thoroughfares of trade and trav el should be placed upon the same level with those who j play the miser with their means, nnd wait for others to I open up the way to a profitable market. Such a dis- j crimination would be just aud fair and ought to be made,at least until the road is completed and the stock holders are in the full enjoyment of legal interest upon j their investment. Such ak _ ilaii* 1 would do muchto | increase the subscriptions to the stock as it w’ould op erate as a partial guarantee to the subscribers. The Suspension of Gt u. Scott* It appears that the administration after much hesita tion, and infinite pother, has resolved to decapitate the ; Army in Mexico. Cen. Scott, alter a series of the ; j most brilliant achievements of either ancient or mod ern times, is summarily suspended tiom Ins command* and is compelled to submit to a Court of Inquiry, com posed exclusively of partizan -übolternE —one of them a civilian, not recognized ns entitled to rank in the Ar my, and another, a mere political tool, who has sold himself soul nnd body, k* a little brief authority. In the U. Senate on the 25th ult. * The special order having been called, “Mr. Critteneen desired an opportunity to ask the I Chairman of ini! tary affairs, “ whether General Scott ( has been suspended or recalled l and whether Gen eral Worth hud been relieved or hupended troin arrest/ “Mr. CASSsaid'he w ould not reply in his character of ’ chairman of the committee on mihatry affairs, but he j was ready to give the S nator from Kentucky all the information he had on the subject. He did nut suppose that the Government would feel any difficulty in giving any information on the subject. (Jen. Scott has been I suspended,and the coin I., and of the atmy, has devolv , ed on the next in rank, Gen Duller. Cm. Scott, will j attend the Comt ol inquiiy, which lias been ordered. j Gen. Worth haa been relieved or suspended from ar- J rest. j Thus it is, thut Mr. Folk andhia nrilafertnls, treat the brave men who have ■ n figiitin,; thu battles of the j country in Mexico. ‘Fhe pnni/.un Generals have oil been ordered t • report in persen, at Head Quarters in [ Washington, while Be ti lasuepemii .1 ,on charges prs | Jarred by inferior officers, and ‘Fa vl ris treated with j s.ient contempt, by ih*. president and Ins miserable hoard of political trick- erf. “VV utc greatly nustuken it the conduct of the Adiuittfetruiion, does not excite u storm ot popuiur indignation, win* h wui sweep from office, the entire clan who arc now p!-.ii ring the peo ple lbr their own benefit. The following just and discriminating remarks we copy from the Ne w f Orleans Delta Though made at u time when it was supposed that Mr. F"lk had chang ed his mind 111 r giird to G orr, they have lost none of their force, now that the deed has been done. The Editor says; “ We arc glad to perceive that the Government has countermui ded llu? recall of Gen. £cott. It was un unwise and injudicious iiu aßure. Ail ;gree that Gen. Scott, is ein inmtly qualified I r hi* present position. We have never seen an 4i .<• r In 1 1 tl * a.-my who did not a Unit his capabilities and sti|K i nrity is the I eudo 1 a large army, iim experience and peiicct knowledge ! of his profession, his civil qualil. in. s nndgi at fa miliarity with the provision* and details of military or- j gamzation and martial law, render him eminently the ’ man lor the post lie now ocoupirf He Ikih Wm, eurned hiap sitioound honor* by si vac and trying toils, bril liant d.splay* ol genernishtp and glonous vk ion a. To deprive lulu ot in* present ootninand \* 10 finite-m from him the hard-earned rewards and featimonialo of grunt deeds,and to insult the veteran .and im who li.as thus worthily and imbly sustained the Id-nor ami 1 of the (ration. The pretext trvoloiM efiftrg* * have Inch preferred sguinst him, by t JliocM wl.o lum incurred life just censure, is not sufficient ty justify the Gu.uuuisin, 111 reselling Gen. froott, fiotn a |s *.lloll whore n is sr> necessary to tho public safety and honor that lie should remain. *’ I o allow subo.diiiti of ui u>-t lidos s comman der w!m> is ile ter un 1 led b uppn>B mipn>|cr |u.<clicus in the army, by send mg in efisrgi * to tin* Cfen* rnineni. wou'd cstnhlirh a riMK*t *L:igerofts precedent in milita ry alia ire. Tuyloi Demonstration in New Orl ans. The people of Now Orleans irrespective ol |xii ty held a; i ‘-ntliuaiastic >n the24iliult. to promote the election .(i n•• il Tayl’ .i to tli * Office of President ol the i hiited States. Col. M. White presided ut the mcet itit;. Patriotic hm-oohes were made and the following resolutions adopted: Whereas union,concert and co-o|eration arc essen t and to.the success of all great enterprises, eapecia ly to of (i political character, and to produce such co* Iteration it has been proposed to hold a convention of ites from ?!i •* * t ; n.s Star . n the -2iid day ol February next, to nominate electors who i;e favorable to the election of General Zachary Taylor to the Presidency: It is therefore, I. Resolved, Tnat we cordially approve of the said convention proposed to be holden in the city of New Orleans at the time aforesaid, and that one hundred del gates be appointed by the chair, to represent this city and parish in the said convention. -• Resulted, Thatconti ling as we do in the wisdom, iiimu *, moderation and republican simplicity of Gen. Taylor as illustrated by his whole life, and in his patri j otic devotion to his country, as displayed in so many ! battle-fields, we will not approach him to ask for pledges ! iiv n on moot occasions by politicians, but we are con tent to look upon the past n9 a sulKcient guarrantec for j hi - future conduct; wc wish to present him to the coun* ! ! try the candidate, ns he will be the President, of the j people and not ofa party. | 3. Resolved, That we take pleasure in announcing to t.ie friends of Gen. Taylor,all over the Republic, that we have the best reason Tor assuring them that, come | what may, Gen. Tny lor will not retire from the position 1 ii relation to t!i Presidency in which the people have | placed him. •T Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that l the refusal of Gen. Taylor to become the candidate of any particular party, so far from constituting n just | ground of complaint, should be considered as evidence’ of his superior qualifications for the discharge of the du ties of President. 5. Resulted, That in electing Gen. Taylor to the I Presidential chair we secure in the administration of of public affairs n strict observance of the constitution I and the general principles of policy maintaned by Wash ington, Jefferson and Madison. f>. Resolved, That the lofty patriotism, the sound judgment, the sterling integrity of Gen. Taylor, and more especially the eminent services he has rendered the country during the present war with Mexico, con stitute the rorest guarantee that the future conductor this war will be safe in his hands, and that no treaty of peace can receive his sanction that will compromit the honor and interests of our country. 7. Resolved, That our hearts are filled with joy and pride at the hope of seeing in the elevated place, once | filled by our illustrious Washington a man who like ■ hint, can know no party but his country, be ruled by no motives but duty and patriotism. Taylor feeling in Indimin. A letter to the Louisville Journal, giving an account <*f the proceedings of the Whig State Convention, held in Indianapolis, on the 12th inst,says: About three-fourths of the Convention are in favor <>fnominating Taylor ; but Clay, Scott and McLean have their friends. The name of the illustrious Ken tuckian was always sure to draw forth the most vocifer ous cheering of the meeting as his services to the coun try were alluded to by the speaker. Mr. Clay not in the Field. The Daily Advertiser, a newspaper published in Washington city, says—“ The report that Mr. Clay is not and will not under any circumstances be a candi date for the Preldency, is now regarded here as a fact about which there is no dispute.” Triumph ol the Leatheon. A most successful application of the Letheon was recently made in Forsyth, Monroe county. The case was that of a Mr. Spicer, aged 60 years, who accord ing to the Bee, had suffered from an ulcerated leg for tv\ enty seven yeare. The Letheon was administered by Dr. A. Bean, and the leg amputated above the knee by Dr. R. L. Roddey with perfect success. The pa tient at the latest accounts was doing well, though it is generally believed that in consequence of his age and debility, without the use of the Letheon, he must have died under the operation. The usefulness ol this won derful agent in skilful hands, is now no longer doubted. 1 he only question is, wiietiier n may not yet be super cceded by the recently discovered agent known in Eng land by the name ot Chloroform. A Vegetable Toast. At the celebration of the anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans, at Washington, Mr. Dunnington gave the following toast, which is not only in the “ vegetable 1 line,” but decidedly verdant : By ( VV . C. Dunnington—The Cobb of tieorgia and the Cobb of Alabama: The short Cobb and the long Cobb—both I lemocratic Cobbs . and the more you shell them, the fuller of com are these two democratic | Cobbs.” Whereupon Mr. Cobh, that is the short Cobb, must have looked for all the world as if he would like to take a passage through one of the most approved modem patent Com Shellers. The Ocean Steamers. I lie Steamer Britannia sailed from Liverpool lor Boston on the 15th inst. The Propeller Sarah Sands j 1 h Liverpool on Saturday, and the French steamer Philadelphia was advertised to leave Havre at the same , time for New-York. This hardly agrees with the an nouncement made in the New-York papers, that this line has been discontinued. Good Fees. It is reported the three Attorneysof Mrs. Gen. Gaines are to receive $50,000 each for their services in the great case recently decided in the United States Su preme Court.—Den. Walter Jones, the Hon. Ueverdy Johnson, and Mr. S. J. Burr, are the fortunate gen tlemen. Improvement in the Telegraph. ‘l’he Cincinnati Chronicle of the 17th ult. says— We have conversed with Dr Roe, of Illinois, who is proceeding to Washington wilh the model ol an inven tion whtcli he calls the Telegraph Manipulator. Des patches, messages or large documents are set up in elec trical topes, locked in a chase, in a manner similar to printing types, and the form placed upon the machine. Dr. Roe is sanguine in the belief that he can by this machine transmit to nil points connected wath the wire, as much matter ns would make one entire page of the Chronicle in tirnity minutes 1 lie Manipulator is represented ns being remarka bly simple, and not likely to get out of order. And, to secure correctness, as well as speed, a proof is taken Irom the types, in the ordinary manner. The Doubtful Gender. \\ e last week published the case of u temate recruit, ■t Port .Man It upjH-nrs, that she was enlisted under the name ol 11 Bill Newcomb “ The tlrrnmn Tribune, con tains a copy ol one of the morning reports, made by .one Lieut. O’llsrs, and winch exhibits a most amu si ig contusion of the genders. The report is as fol lows: ” Bill N.mcomb can’t serve because he iss girl.” ! 1 certily that the above is correct. Lieut. O'Hara. lining lircthren. One of the bent writer* and best men of his nge thus allude* to the almost universal and disgraceful hab it ol oppressing the unfortunate : ” Would you throw a brick bat at a friend who had I i fallen overboard f Would you gather stone# and pile them on a bank that had fallen on a brother! Would j you throw n keg of powder to a Iriend who had fallen in | j the fiw 1 f l hen why heap words ot reproach upon him I who hnd erred from the path of duty t Why denounce ! him and spurn him from your presence f Can you I* a | tratiger to the human heart—yon who have yourself, -> often fallen f ll** cannot know the human heart, Who, when h weaker brother errs, Instead of acting M Tcy’e part, f vrh base malignant (Mission stirs, llurt-h words and epithets hut prove That iw liiii seh t a hi the wrong— That first he need* a brother's love, T o Drive his heart and guide his tongue. I!nd ot tfic Npccii; I>rnin• The New \ ork Kxpress, speaking of the favorable hn meter of the (nmhrm’e news says : I he general impretadon, is that there will be noniorr -'liipinenta ot specie for the preaent. The Cambria lm> brought out five thousand dollars in specie; that sum i is already been entered, and there may be more.’* The Northern .\llu -. Those ol our readers who have examined critically the letters of those nsrthem Democrats who are aspir- , mg to the I’reskiency will have notic dthat they all op- ! P< se the Wilmot Proviso because it is a mere a , <tract- 1 ion and lias no practical bearing. The New For/. Globe, the same Democratic organ which recently a vered that the co-existence of Demon acy and slavery were incompatalffe, thus lets the cutout of the bag.— The Editor says: “ Negro slavery can neverliecom ■ one of the iusiitu. tionsol Mexico, west of the Rio Grande, and this fact may account lor the st 1 nag opposition to conquest* with a view to annexation, by Mr Calhoun and oth ers. They want no more territory, unless it will ad mit of slavery. On the Mexican side of the Rio Grande slavery cannot go.” Abdication of the Emperor ol Russia. On the first ol December, says the London :sun,‘‘ the I Emperor of Russia completed the twenty-second year ol his reign; in three years, therefore, he will hnvear- ! rived at nn epoch which has not been attained by any ol me czars before him. A fundeinental law exists in I Russia, which dates before the time of Peter the Great, and by which the Emperor ol Russia can reign no more than twenty-five years. After this period he is obliged to abdicate in favor of the heir presumptive of the hope- \ rial Crown. It is thought lie will try and have the law revoked.” [COMAICXICATLD.] THE SOUTH-WESTERN HAIL-ROAD, vs. FLINT RIVER, AND APALACHICOLA. The Editor of the Apalachicola Advertiser, hn s thought proper to contradict a statement of “ South’ Western Georgia,” of sth ultimo, published in the Journal & Messenger, in relation to the cost and eliarg- j es on a crop of cotton, grown in Baker county, ami shipped to New-York, during the last Spring, via Ap alachicola Bay. He charges disenevnnousness in the schedule of freights, insurance &.C., sod alledges it to be an “ isolated case,” and that no reliance ought to be placed upon it. To fortify his assertions, heap|iealed to some of the respectable merchants of Apalachicola who fully corroborated Lis previous impression, viz: that “ South Western Georgia” had perverted the truth.— How lias South Western Georgia been guilty of a per version in the premises! Why, simply by publishing an extract ot a letter from a Commission House of New 5 m k addressed to the gentleman of Baker County, who grew the cotton alluded to, to show the cost, charges, freight ar.d insurance which were paid on his crop of 151 bales. Would it not hove better comported with the nature of an entire refutation of South Wes em Geor gia’s statements to have adduced some tangible proof in support ol the “ low and high charges ’ upon ship ments other than that founded upon the statements of those interested gentlemen who have voluntarily come foward to prove that the cost, charges, insurance &.c. from Allbany to New York via Apalachicola is either $4,75 or $7,50, these being the minimum and maximum rates. The former the present, prices the latter caused by high freights by sea. “South Western Georgia” contends that random assertions of interested witnesses are in admissible when there is documentary evidence and ap peals to the legal knowledge ol the edilor if such is not the fact 1 ” South \Y estern Georgia ” has heard numer ous complaints against the “high charges” made on cot ton shipped Irom Baker county to Yew York rid Apa lachicola. For the editor of the Advertiser to deny that the schedule is untrue generally, is not at all stiangc. It has no relation to the present state of things. It is merely an “isolated case.” The Editor goes still furth- er. He has talked with one of the oldest and most res pectable mercantile linns of Apalachicola, and liasliecn assured, that it will undeitnke the shipment of all the cotton carried from Albany to New York, at the rate of one cent per pound,so long as freights and insurance shall remain at the present established prices. This assertion is doubtless true, and yet it is singular, that among the many planters of Baker county, who have shipped to New Y'ork, via Apalachicola, not one of them has ever found the returns of his cotton to corres pond with the promises made by this respectable mer cantile firm—nor has any of them found the cost and ! charges as low as the maximum rates which the editor Bays, is caused by increase of freights by sea. The | present published rates and the promises ot what can ■ be done by mercantile firms in reducing the rates of freights, costs and charges, brings seriously into question the integrity of those who have been engaged in this branch ot business. ‘ South Western Georgia’ is not prepared to believe that the numerous complaints of the planters of Baker county against the high charges paid upon the bale of cotton is to be imputed to the dishon esty of the merchants oft Apalachicola A chunge of agents would suggest itsell and die remedy would be effectual. The Editor assumes that the South Western Rail Road will cost $1,000,000 and that 30,000 boles of cot ton will be the utmost that it will take to Macon. The freight on this will be $2 per bale, making an aggregate of $60,000 and by this way ol settling the results of the work, the stockholders in the enterprise will receive six per cent on their stock only. Tins is mere specu lation on die part of the editor. It shows that he know* little or nothing about Rail Roads—nor the sources whence they derive their profits—nor the agricultural resources ol tile South Western Counties. It may be asked him why he did not add to his schedule of the operations of the South Western Rail Road, an ade quate sum for passage money, mail service &c. Why are these and other important items suppressed! tail it lie that the editor was disinclined to swell the amount of business which will result from the completion of this great enterprise I He calculates that the South Western Counties make only 30,0 CA) bales of cotton I This assumption is remarkable when the statistics to be found in nearly every printing office will show that the crop of Stewart county for the year 1833 was little short o| 13,000 bales,of 400 lbs. the average hule. Tin- was lie, , thirdcrop after the Indian war of 36 Her crop is now | supposed to be, by persons competent to judge of her j agriculture, 25,000balcs of similar weight. There is the crop of Randolph County, which fall H but little short of Stewart, swelling the aggregate amount of bales to nearly 50,000. It is passing strange that the editor who has lived lor a long time in the val fey of the Chattahoochee should totally forget such items which ought to have mude up the sum of his cal culations. “South Western Georgia” is willing to make liberal concessions for a difference of opinion where nn honesty of purpose is manifest. There is a limit to ones charity. The Editor tells his readers that if cotton should take the South Western Road to .Mu- j con, It will he charged ss£oto Savannah,on the Cen tral Rail IL ud ! This is a grossexnggi ration, and lh’ editor is inexcusable for not consulting the records of [ hi* office. For his enlightenment ’South Western Geor i gia will say that 10 c ults per hundred, or 16u cents jier | huleut 40U pounds,is the present established rates, and J this 100 w hile the Oeuiulgee, like the Flint River genet - \ ally, is extremely low. In ust hasten on with a review of the editor’s argument ! to prove the inutility ol the South Western Rail Road.— j j He says : ” There are times whn the planter does not wish to ! I send forward Ins crop to its ultimate market too soon . j The present season offers a practical example of this fact! ” The present season offers a practical example of tli f entire sh Italy of the editor's premises, so fur as excep tions can disprove a general benefit. Hud the South Western Ruil Hoad been completed it is probable that the great majority of planters of South Western Geor gia wttuld have sold their crops ol cotton at greatly en hanced rates over the present reduced prices. Hut there was no South Wei tern Hail Road, and to all available benefits, no Flint or Chattahoochee river. If the ed. itor is right he in doing the planters of South Western Georgia, a wrong by urging the openin'.; of Flint R iver. It should remain as it is or be limit worse if possible. Dues the Fditor meant* argue that restraint* upon trade, are wise? A resoit lo such flimsy uigumcijt as the above quoin non shows, has a tendency to bring into disgrace the libera! understanding of its author. If such views had to be endorsed by any portion of the mer chants,'Houih Western Georgia’ would sooner believe that the me roil mi us ol Apalachicola would furnish the endorsement tlmn any other community. It dors not result Iron n want of confidence in the integrity of her merchant*. It grows out ot the peculiar circumstance* by winch th y are siirmutided. Miemii eais may run fromotir end of ih< muon to the other—the magnetic wires may flash their intelligence hourly ihiouuliout the length and breadth of the Reputdtc. Apalachicola stands ns she has ever stood beyond the hope of c ru* mercinl redemption ! Sustained exclus.vely by river cirriog*', always doubtful aud disa*w us, sujh radded to n sickly locaity, and a transient population,site will go on in u lingering condition nli the Mouth Western Rail Road shall teach Sotilh Western Georgia,when theday of her dissolution wiU draw nigh. ‘J’ime will fulfil tie prophecy I Tl.t object of the editor of the Aplac!„cola a, riser is to show that cotton is shipped ehenner ‘N ‘ - York rin Apalachicola than .. can h'riu Nf * \V estern Ran Road. Towards the close of h* &U ' h vs ~. South Western Rail Road he !„ r e„, LJ"* ar,,cl ’ lan I proceded to prove, that there was i erni! * having a direct connection with the AtlamV! u''*”* 1 ’ us the Honda Legislature by its recent acto fog"’* l^ provision for this purpos •by devutm , ;he , 1 ni,,l | l! ‘ P“ l,1;c lu " da ’ Tl ‘ v-iilurlvid “IwwnsnieEtT Ins own min I, bow nbsu; I „ wuß (l)r „ , ‘ eu,n ’>’ to South Western Counties to look t„ nn \ • ‘“' ra “ the and yet the ink was scarcely drv before |„. across the peninsula ol his stare, to reduce miiT”' 1 the present charges upon cotton to New Y,„U a Flic planters of South Western Georgia are i, x to open Flint River and unite with Ffoiufa itlt , N • iQlßmc she has recently broached! Hearth* V vvho endorses this magnificent project. edllor ] “If a canal were dug through th* peninsula * , , [ Flint river cleared cut. tin, expenses of a bale oui't lof cotton from Albany*. Ga. to New York ritv i be ns follows : Freight down Flint river 50 cents • * 1 “"‘"■JJ'tot 5HS cento—wharfage (twice) 121 ce,,-,’ m 7 mg. It) C oits draying, 8 cents commission hi-e in (Iran.* 41 cents-.!,ip fmighi to NewvN •* ““WWW Nr •15 cento-total, $3 7r, , ‘* ,cr ,or •* fuilrood Income in competition will, o “ rates, the stockholder* would Ik, coni;-|fe l a dividend of only three jter cent ]ter annum ” *" 111 ° Tli ■ editor ol the Apalachicola Advertiser fojx . opinion* which the Hon. Daniel Webster ‘ W twenty-five years ago in the Congress of tfo nTTf States, in advocacy of a canal across the p,.,, Mr. Webster took high national groiuid in the enterprise. “rairof Since tins period, a period when canals. “ aa w . „ posed” were the only modes of facilitating the l’”I’’ 1 ’’ merce of the countiy, by atimolating it. -T™’ tore and budding up its cities, the public mind haaS’ gone,.,, entire change. Rail, ouds have been substiruo’ and the substitute lias been endorsed by th ■ fir r Europe, and the United States. Mr Webster aTsf vani.nh, spoke of his advocacy of t l, o canal across * lur “ la lwel "y flw yvara before that tune,bate .asi.U ed it at the present time ; n “obsolete idea ” He lock*! foward to the South Western Rail Road as a great T noiml undertaking, superseding all other schemes tubind the Atlantic und the Gulf in the fraternal embraces or commerce, agriculture and national [lower Mr W opinions a re quoted in this article because it seems appro pnate to offer them to the editor of the Advertiser his serious consideration. Before h • shall decide „ m here to the ‘obsolete idea’ he should ascertain o meetly the ability of his state to dig a canal, tig, reg.on 0 f country whether adapted to the work or not, and ,ks advantages it will give to the great mass of the people in forwarding their produce to market. Whenhe shall institute an honest comparison of the relative advanta ges between bis favor.le undertaking and the South Western Rail Road , it would be uncharitable to his intelligence to suppose him capable of a pers, stance in present errors. ” South W estern Georgia ” will in some future arti cle make an exhibit of the whole commercial machinery ot Apalachicola Bay It will be a curious ‘ picture’ to look upon where 108,000 bales of cotton were concen trated for shipment during the past commercial year- It will contain some startling developments to those who are unacquainted with the way and manner or doing things upon the Gulf. It will show she is too Is! “reefward and not near enough landward ” ever to contain the important elements of a great city. SOUTH WESTERN GEORGIA. fOR THE JOURNAL AND MESSENGER Messrs. Editors. —l see that the Council have chosen two gentlemen to prepare and report anew set of Or dinances. Allow me to call their special attention to the importance of nn entirely new arrangement in re gard to the Market. The present Ordinance operates entirely in favor ofa few favored persons, men of wealth, I warding-house and Hotel keepers, to the injury and op pression ot those in moderate circumstances, and espe i cially the poorer working classes. It is nn easy master lor men of means, to secure, by contract, all the choice meats and other provisions, at ! low prices. The poor man whose hours are all eniploy j ed, has neither the opportunity nor the funds to make j such purchases, and when he is lucky enough to find any thing in the Market House, (winch is seldom the case) he is compelled to pay an extra price, for an infe rior article. Ihe fact is it would be be better to have no Market, tlmn to have one as badly arranged as ours is at present. I need not suggest to the gentlemen selected to compile the Ordinances, nor the City Council, iny particular provisions, ns they are doubtless familiar with the Market regulations of other Cities, and can select those portions of them, best adapted to the circumstan ces ot our people. 1 trust that a matter which so deep ly interests the entire population, may be taken hold cf with energy and determination by the authorities, his just as easy to have a good Market as a mean one. A little firmness is all that is required. Let us have a lair equitable Ordinance, properly enforced by the Marshal and his Assistants, and in lessthffn twelve months, (he cost of living will be reduced, at least one third below what it now is CITIZEN. St MM \ RY. U“ ,s were an invention of the 15th century.— ‘l’lie hat which Charles the Y’lll wore on his public en try into Rouen, in 1112, is one of the first noticed in his tory. t. 5?“ England’s war debt is nearly HOO million pounds > terling! Her former wars now cost tbepeople nearly thirty inillonaannually,besides the current cost of the army and navy. There are two things which ought to teach us to think but meanly of human glory—the very best have had their calumniators, the very worst their pene gyrista. £ The imports of Coton into Boston in 1H47 reached 127,824 bales. In 1816 the imports were 191,- 764 bales. £ ’ The Wing Convention, at Columbus, have now muted Seabury Ford, Esq., for Governor of the State of Ohio. t3TT he New York Tribune, says: “John iacob .IsToR, who ha* been dangerously ill for tow tune past, we leum with pleasure is now convalescent. £ jr/° Dr. Troost, the geologist of Tennetse, has dis covered, in Sumner county, a large and valuable depo j site of the purest gruiiular silicioui rock, fit for the manufacture of the finest kind of glass. He tecom ! mends the establishment of a glass manufactory in Ten nessee. t The New York Express suya: “Private letter# ! from Washington state that the new eighteen million I loan proposed in Congress, is to be a six per cent, stock and not to be sold l>elow par, wilh no permwenm to - ! sue Treasury notes.” £sT The celebrated Dr. Br&ndrelh is one of the members of the New York Democratic Central Com mute. Os course ull their candidates are bound to go tiitough by daylight. aMud has 246 bones: the head and face 63, the | trunk 32, the arms 61, und the lower extremities 60.-- ! There are in man 201 muscles or pairs of muscles. £■ fT’ During the lust year, M.tsmchuis‘tls has sup ported 18,717 paupers, ut llw expense of $347,411. £ The existing military und nuvul foreo of Gn*i | Bntuiu cost* **>,ooo,ooo per year. ur Uncle Hum’s property in Washington Mity * valued ut 12,331,180. fc. */” The whole nuinlrcr of failures in Qnd Bttain from August 1. 1817, to January 1. 1818,1 wm mouth*, is about JMI, for bayond twenty-Jour miUw’i*af tier ting. I A Isu kclor m Detroit having advertised k • wile to share his lot, an “anxmue enquirer” Us •‘ii'-iM’d information as to tin sixcof h mdlut y /’ The expense# <>i New York tor the current y ftr are e iimutei at ul,Ul-g,;k7. For UMd.ai •'die has a debt ol f,Ub,l*.MI. Auiouni ot lb* and county taxes, *3/5 at llw W hig Delegates lo the Nutiunai C’onven lion from lowa, have leeii instiucted to eipres* u l ,re * none* lo* Gui. Tsyloi ns the Whig omidnJai* fur *!• FiWidoncy. ttib* J'lene .So ulr (Democrat) has been cliosra l Mena tor from the Mtuieni LouiHanua, lor lixycaiW l the 4th of March next. * J‘\ New Vork latter says that Charlotte and t min nan, turn Faimy Kemble liutirr are couxil^*'^ < aumry topiuy uu engag uism iu New Yu*k t tT Ihe Governor of Alubuma lias vetoed tb* BiH chartering tlir Mobile und Ohio Railroad Company t j& j tip lo (lie 10th mst. between duity and ‘thirty* live thousand bog* hud been siniq;ku ied st wenty-fiv# thousand of them we* di tveu traai lUft#**