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u y s. lIOSE & CO. *V S. HOSE. Editor*. T ER>*< ■ . Inurml Jf Messenger is published eve ■ T X,l'ifffy morning in the city of Macon, at the reduced HATE: ■ I .Irirllv in advance, per year 50 I ‘lf'Xn advance 3 00 I ‘ till the end of the year 4 00 I ( , terms will he rigidly enforced, without re- I l" 1 '” “’™ ns the object of the Publisher* is to do Hir’ I"’ oossihle upon the cash principle— ■ “ ‘(hit Vir subscribers should reap the profits u.inito agent* and collector*. In no case H 1 J i'i" lll| o^ ?( , Iltolll ,ifthe Slate unless tirst paid I” :, ‘a’w'*ctory reference is given in Macon or its I h.nTUI'MhNTd inserted at the usual rates— ■ tl” i,K l.a'when handed in, will he inserted till ■'""Vr,"sills- and discount will he allowed to persons ■toroid ; tail’ lhe , aT am l w ho pay on demand. ■ * re notices,and obituary notices of aver ■ U Charged at the usual rates. anmTu'ice,neats of candidates for office, to be paid County Officers, ■ Auctioneers, and others, who may wish to B ,n i KrU ns advertisin’' 1 will I'lease oliserve the following: i I r by Executors, A,lmims ■ L and Guardians, are required by law to lie adver ■ V.;, public gazette, sixty days previous to the day ■ ol nil sales must be. held on the first Tuesday in the ■ fhetween the hours of ten in the forenoon and I: 1 . 1 ,: n die aftemm,at the Court House in tne county l :n ; . ‘tler.d PersonaT Property ‘"<"* ndvertised in l viuom and Creditors of an Estate must lie l P ”y l ,ureita!app&ti<m , will be made to the Court of ■no'nnrv leave to sell Hand and Negroes, must be Ini.hinhcd weekly tor four months. ~, or betters of Adiiimistration must be puh- B„ It. rly day* —for Dismission Administration, Wtitldy eix montho-ior Dismission Iron, f.uard.an- Ku/Mtorlbreclosure of mortgage, must he published hit far four monthe- lor establishing lost papers, WJ ke f M apace of three monthe-for compiling tt- Hl from Executors or Administrators where a bond has given by the deceased, the full apace of three B*i3* , i‘etiers on business to be post-paid. I Millinery it ml Dross Making. I MRS. WORTHINGTON, ■ RESPECTFULLY informs the Ladies of Ma ■BB C Oll and vicinity, that she is prepared to execute ■ VAany orders in the above line, in a neat and sash- Hioaabit* manner. ■ uLE lUIIING. —All kinds Leghorn and Straw ■Bonnets bleached and altered in the latest style—also, ■li-nu'iiifif- Panama, Straw and Leghorn Ilats bleach- K ami pressed in a superior manner. She is confi ■deiHiruni a thorough knowledge of the business, of Btrv tw.satisfaction to those who favor her with their ■Mronage. Residence over Messrs. Graves, Mwoon £ Co’s Store. ■ Macon. March 8 49 3m I PIANOS! PIANOS!! Bjj) JUST received from J. Chickering, ■n ♦ I toman's iEolian attachment,) Lemuel Gil and others, a tine assortment ot PIANO FORTES. ■The iom? and well known reputation of these instru- Hnems, precludes the necessity ol pufting. We have a Ktii assortment of wood and brass instruments of Hi descriptions, consisting in part of Seraphims, Gui- H&rs. Violins. Accordians, Flutes, Bugles. Tromboons, Hrmiiipets, Coruopions, Opheclides, Mellodions, Viohn- Heiio Drums, Bites, Concert Homes, &c. &,c. Fash- Honabu- music instruction books tor Piano, Guitar, H>. ind Violin, Violin and Guitar Strings,dec. dec., ■ivtu’..id Silver Watches of the finest quality. Jewel- R, silver Spoons of pure silver, Castors, Candlesticks, ‘ Hiirnndoles, Lamps, &c. ■ Watches and Clocks repaired in the most perfect j Bianner. and warranted. Thanklnl for past favors, 1 Be nope to receive a share of public patronage, for Brrt.cn we will give value received. I BRUNO dfc VIRGINS. I Macon, Jan 12 41 6m I WOOD AND BRADLEY, I MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN A BIN E T FURNITUE AND § I Tit CHAIRS. V OULD most resi)ectfully inform the citizens of Macon, and public generally, that having avail- Hr..vniaeJvrs of the Services of some of the very best H irKmen, and having a supply of the l)est materials, He prepared to make to order any article in their line j Hal tition to our present stock, such as Dining, Tea, B'ii're, Side, Work, Toilet, Quartette and Sola Tables, H ‘'iius ; Sideboards ; Sofas and Wardrobes; Sofas ; W'm • Ottomans; Tettetetes ; Foot-stools; Secreta m- Dusks and Book Cases ; Ladies’ Work Boxes and H< >le Desks ; Piano Stool; Looking Glasses and Hne hates of all sizes ; Gilt, Mahogany and Walnut Hraines of all sizes for Pictures and Portraits ; Cane Hr. Settees and Counter Stools ; Mahogany and Wal- B u: l hairs, Plush and Hair Cloth Seuts ; a great varie ty “I curled Maple and Walnut Cane seats and other B i<l|s K icking C iairs of patterns too numerous to Hcnuon . Mahogany, Walnut, curled and plain Maple, Huplar and Pine Bedsteads, cheaper than ever ; Win- H A Shades, new, lieautitul and rare patterns ; Feath er* father Beds , Mattrasses of curled Hair, Cotton Bod Moss. B,^ e ave tnany articles not enumerated or introduc- H m this market Manufacturers —For sale, Fumitue Varnish, n, Walnut, Plush,and Veniersand Bed Posts urnitue repaired neatly and with dispatch. H|d and Chairs reseated or covered with Huir Hs'thor Cane. B Macon, Nov. 3, 1847. 6m—tf Piano Forte**. subscriber respctfully informs the citizens of ■L Georgia, that he has the Agency for the sale of ■JANOS from a manufactory in New York—the arti offered, is of the best woiKinanslnp and materials, H d l be latest style, very superior at low prices.— wishing to purchase, can see one of these in- B ru!u, ' l ‘i at the sulwcriber’s residence ■ w JAMES VAN VALKENBURGH ■ Macon, Jon 5, 1848. 40 ts I UMUII NADDLIA! MORRIS &l WESTCOTT have on hand of SADDLES, HAR- I NESS and CARRIAGE TRIM MLNGS, of B kuids, winch they will sell at prices to suit the times ■beir facilities are such that they can sell lower tlian K ot her establishment of the kind in the city. ■ biw us a call before you buy, is all we ask for a re- H‘niii min non R EPAI RING done at reduced prices, H * w, *rkman-like manner. ■ Uttiui Avenue,next door to A. J. & D. W. Orr. ■ wc 3, 1816. 42 11. IU CARKIAGEN A IIARNKM. oAint &l Wilcox.son have on hand, at their old aland on Mulberry street, Macoti, one of the most exten- H” *nd valuable stocks of ready made ■ CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, BULKIES, I Arc. Ac. Arc. in the Southern States. Customers can be either with Northern urticles or with Duinestie manufacture, ns they prefer Their Hu ~lal ruU w very superior, and uieir workmen Hi r T?*? 0 ® b y any the Northern shops. They i nii’ rc, 'pr’ w * Pr#nl article which they oAer ! H^ lv . f**e| fissured that, for extent, beauty ,va- their present stm*k is not sur- 1 Soiuh. ■t ‘ “ifiHges, &c. inn,lf to orilor, ami all kind* of ■ tlatip with npatiifiM utul df*|>atfh. 1111 tbe mo*t accommodating torim, i ■ hr. n **■ Step., Hondo. Umpt, Conrh H Pti.,i i!’" 1 “"‘t Top leather, Plated and Ja ■ f Hornet, Mounting,; Paint,, <hit, Vur- WpXm. M ■ Hne spring goods. H ‘"''dmignnl arc How receiving a very autirrior w , ; . ’ mill Veatiwa lor Spring ■ ,‘“ u Ull 7 re priqiaicd lo make up m fine ■lylc mm H tnoji ratc tcrina, particularly lor Cahu. ■ M„ UiM FETER At JAUJBTETTER. ■ If ■ pilf. ‘"‘"K Ooodw HI VViMMI llli’n. H would irwiccll'ully ini'timi the riti-i ~fj, ‘'icun.Huiroun.fmg country and all pur-I 11. ’ o “‘"d”. that Ilf w now receiving u good . ■ and Funny ‘ OOODS, | o I.! r* ‘V 11 rrftl *'amble pin es Among Ids > (| •aiiethiug entirely new tor Lndies ■) K| .. J^ tr, .fhe (irenndtne. Ilns he Bresilten. s. . m I***'!** Be rages mid Silks, Oriental ■H Ir-itr. . 1 Silk tfinghnms.Carlton, Scotch ’ k.,\ jaconet, Nansook, Mill Li i i ‘'"1*111 ’nnihrie lf<lkls, Bird Eye Di- H 1 -* |r,-iV 1’ “ ,nr f’ants, Blond ( loth” Cusirncree, %r > f i*v.. ri ', n %*Sheeting, cotton and silk ’"'in,. .. brown find blenched sheeting i , hl ‘ ‘■'•“"l’- Uarpciiug. Kugg., \v Ax - ■ *• fa.. ‘ variety ol Goods iieuullv kept Bt ‘ * v* „ I "‘| Uu,,u n *■ to all come mill examine HH “i Sy ~, ‘ , i;, ve lloilouhl the ( omd will plense WM ‘ j;. rUlKtlr rl,next dour toG. W /’ffre’f. 6eorcjm Journal illcssengtr* NEW GOODS! NEW GOODS!! r rMfE snhscriher would respectfully call the attention I ot the citizens ol Macon and trading community generally, to tile extenai ve and carefully selected stock ot spring iiutl Goods which ia now ojTered for sale nt the lowest market pri ees. From the unusual care and pains taken in his se lections from the different importing houses in N. York, hr Halters himself with the hope of being able to give en tire satisfaction to all who may favor him with a call; hi* stock is not surpassed by any in the city, in variety, style, quality, &c. Aitwnp othet articles he is now receiving and opening, French, English and American Prints, Furniture do. I’ancv col’d, checked,striped & plaid Ginghams, Organ drys &, striped Clinmbrays, Fancy col’d & strip'd Lawns Mourning do. and Mourning Balzarine Prints, French Muslins, do Ginghnmsand Bnrage Drew Patterns, a great variety, Cotton Balzarines, French Jaconet and Cambrics and India Luwns, White Jaconet, Checked, Corded, Cross-harred, Swiss and Book Muslins, 10-4 and 12-4 Linen Sheeting, Pillow-case Linen, 6, 10 & . . Bleached and Brown Sheeting, Damask Towel mg, Do. Table Cloth, Bird’s-eye, Scotch and Russia Diapers, Irish Linen, Nankeens, Cottonade, Colored and Plaid Domestics and Fancy Plaid Linen, White, Colored, Brown arid Black Cotton Hose, Colored, White and Black Silk Hose ; with a general and as sorted stock of READY-MADE CLOTHING, the Soods carefully selected in the pieces and made to or er after the latest and most fashionable styles, and al so a variety ol Gents. Dress Goods. Notice. THE subscriber will constantly have on hand here and at his shop in Forsyth, a general stock of the j best article ot home Manufactured NEGRO SHOES, with every description of Leather. h ine BOOTS and SHOES made to order as his shop m Forsyth. ISAAC WINSHIP. At the stand formerly occupied by A. J. b D. IV. (hr, on the corner of Cotton Avenxte if Cherry St. Macon, MarchS 49 Notice to itlerctmnitt. THE subscribers take this method of informing the Merchants of Middle and Southern Georgia, and ! Alabama, that they are hiakmg at the Flint River Fac tory, in Upson county, a very superior article of SAirl \ag’ ‘-8 wide. They offer this article to the friends of Southern enterprize and industry as cheap or cheaper, than it can be obtained from the North; while it is in every respect much superior. It is remarkable for the strength and roundness ofthe thread, and for the smooth ness and compactness ol the cloth. Specimens may be seen at Ross A Brothers, in Macon, Richards A Jeffer son's, Columbus, and at Herrington’s in Griffin. Merchants and others wishing an article ot the kind, and who are disposed to patronize Georgia labor and skill, would do well to call and examine the goods. It can be had low, and if necessary on time. FLINT RIVER MANUFACTURING COM’Y Fab 23 47 cj t HOUSE KEEPING ARTICLES. LUCAN a ATKINSON have just received and offer for sale, Carpeting,, Rugo; Blanket,, Tick ings. 10-4 and 12-4 Linen Sheeting and pillow case Linens; 10-4 and 12-4 Cotton Sheeting and pillow case Cotton; Irish Linens; American and English Long Cloths; table Linen and table Cloths and Napkins; Russia, Scotch and Hucaback Towellings; fitmiture Calico and furniture Dimity; Table Covering of vari ous kinds; 10-L 11-4 and 12-4 Blankets, of best makes; Woolen and Cotton Flannels, all qualities; Striped. Plaid and Lmbroidered Curtain Muslins; colored and white Marseilles Quilts; together with their usually large variety of black and colored Dress Silks, Cash meres, Plaid Goods, Shawls, Worked Collars, Ameri can and British Prints, Silk and Cotton Hosiery, Gloves, Hdkfe,, Ac., Ac., to which they invite the attention of their friends and the public generally.—Cloths, Cased meres, Sattinets, Kentucky Jeans, Kerseys, Linseys, English, French and American Tweeds, Vestings, just received; which we will sell at the very lowest prices „ LOGAN A ATKINSON. ept 29 26tf. RICH SILKS AND CASHMERES. THE undersigned have received anew and beauti ful stock ot Rich Fall Dress Silks and Cashmeres, consisting in partot plain changeable, striped and plaid, Gro de Rhine, Gro de Royale.Gro de Algier, Gro de Pekin, Satin de Chine, Ottoman and other DressSUkJ \ black Taffeta. Poult de Soule, Satin Russe, Gro Grain, j pluin,striped and watered Silks, for Scarfs Ac.; new style rich printed Cashmeres, sniped and plaid Slous seline de Lame, in various patterns: super plaid Cash meres; Lupin's best qualities French Merinoes of all shades; Gale. Clarence and Oregon Plaids; Worked Collars and Capes; embroided, revere, hemstitched and corded Lawn and Linen Cambric Hdk'ls.; Silk and Cotton Hosiery, Gloves,See., All of which will be sold by the piece or otherwise, at usually low price*. LOGAN A ATKINSON. sept 89 26tf. Crockery and Glass Ware. lAIN ING and Tea Sets, superfine Stone and China Ware, Liverpool and Plain Ditto, Plain, and Fluited Glass Ware of every description, Tumblers, ; Decanters, Wines, Fruit Baskets. Pitcners, Ac., a very j large and general stock just received by. LOGAN A ATKINSON, sept 29 26tf. Griswold’s Cotton Gins. THE Subscriber is better prepared than ever before, for manufacturing a superior article of GINS, hav ing procured better materials, better workmen, better machinery tor doing work, and added all new improve ment suggested by past experience. The previous ce lebrity of these Gins since his introduction of the Pat ent Water Boxes, has increased their sales to over one thousand in a single season. No exertion will be remitted necessary to render them worthy of a still higher reoutution. Engage ments can lie made on accommodating terms, either with his Agents, who will call on Planters generally, or by letter directed to him, at Clinton, Jones county, Georgia SAMUEL GRLSWOLD. March 15 50 3m* Taylor's C elebrated Colton dins. rrWE undersigns! inform the public, that they have 1 been appointed Agents lor the sale of those celebra ted COTTON GINS, manufactured by E. T. Taylor & Cos. formerly of Girard, Ala. but now of Columbus, Ga., where is established one ot the most exten sive and complete manufactories in the South. The materials used are of the best quality. The machinery is all new, and constructed on the most approved plans for the manufacture of Cotton Gins. The machinists and workmen employed in the estab lishment are skillful and experienced in the business ; and they have made such improvements in the mechan ism & construction of the Gins that they teel certain, in every case, to furnish a Gin which will perform admi rably well, and give the purchaser entire satisfaction In the way ol recommendation, we need only say. that we famished several hundred of the late improved Ivins to planters in various Darts of the country during the season, and not one of that number has failed to give general satisfaction, both in speed and the sample ol Cotton. BT ORDERS can he MM to H T Taylor & Cos. by mail, or contracts made with their Agents who are travelling through the country. GINS will be sent to any part of tht* country, and in all cases warranted to perform well. Persons addressing the Proprietors by mail, will di rect their letters to Columbus, Ga. N OUSLEY &. SON. __Mareh 22 51 Massey’s Improved Cotton Gins. THE sulwerilier i* now prepared to manufacture a au penor article of COTTON GINS, having procu red materials of the lieal ipinlity and leiiiit supplied with the Iwet of workmen. Ik sides lie la now making con aiderahle addition to his machinery, which will enable him to furnish as good gins, anti on aa reasonable terms, as any factory in the State The subscriber has the exclusive right of Simpson’a Patent, (for apply mg raetalic robber to drums, pullies. -Vo.) for smile fifty <3 the licet cotton growing counties in the Stale ; which he intends applying to his gins when required. And it ia certainly of great advant age to the cotton gin, for it not only requires one third leas power to propel it, where the lurUlir rubber la ap plied, hut the gin, running geer, and every thing enn* neeied with ii, will last as inurh longer in proportion. I believe there is no one of common artier hut will ad mit, that die lighter machinery of any kind can run, the longer it w ill lust. It appears that a great many persona prefer what ia called a water box, to all such 1 would say, that it ia not worth tats cent far (he piir|Niar recommended—that ia to prevent till'gin from taking tire, lor line simple rea son, n gin never Hikes fire irum die box. but invariably from tin-brush inside the gin, (when it takes firs at all.) Hut ns every intin has Ins own notions, I will furnish a box of my own invention (to all who may require ft,) equal to the patent water box. N B.—Utna aent to any part of the country, and in every case warranted to perform well fiettera addrraaed to the aubsertber at Macon, Ga., will receive prompt ulteutiou. 0. W MASBEV. March 22 51 ly l ine rinnlnlinii Tor kale. ffifi THE subscriber intending to remove to Alaba- lor the purpose of taking personal charge of hismterestathere, idlers for sale Ins PLANTA TION and setilemrnt m Ihisnii county, situileii with in one mid a hall imicant Thoina.lon. am. within one mile “I do li ilrn.nl limn lluriiesviil Columbus, consisting m A<i7 acres lint quality land, 808 of which ure clean'd and ill a fine slate of cultivation, huvtng been highly and trequenllv manured On the premises are a good Dwelling and Negro Houses, s au|srior Gin House mol every other building and eovemenee necessary on u well ananged plantation. The improve ments are all ill good condition, the woodlands are of superior quality —the whole located in one of the very best neighborhoods in Georgia This property will prntivrly ia- sold at a bargain, provided application lie made immediately, E. A. PEARCE. March 15 50 ts MACON, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MAY 10, 1848. FASHIONABLE AND CHEAP. Hamilton & hymons, Vo.n.Wkitakor i Street, Savannah, have on hand the most choice and extensive assortment of French, English, and i Belgian , < loth's, f'as*imt>rF* and Vtvtlinits that can he found in the Southern States They have been aeleeted with the greatest care from the very best imptntntinns, and will lie manufactured to order | in the neatest manner, and upon short notice, either forCush or approved credit Personsfrom lhe up-coun try are particularly invited to call, as they cannot fail to be suited both in price and quality. HAM I ETON A SYMONS have also on hand a very large and extensive assortment of READY-MADE CLOTHING, manufactured in the best style, and from materials care fully selected by themselves in the Northern markets. These they are prepared to sell nearly, if not quite as low as an icles of the same quality can fie purchased in New York. Wishing to extend their business particularly in the up-country, they invite Planters and Country Merch ants to call and examine for themselves. Savannah, Oct. 20,1847. 29 ts ,71 ore New Goods. THE subscriber is now receiving another fresh lot of NEW GOODS, direct from New York, which together with those already in store, makes one of the | largest and most desirable stocks he has ever had.— ’ Many entire new styles which are very handsome may be found, as his stock is now complete, and those in pursuit of fine dross goods will find the following pat terns, viz: Rich Broche Grenadine Fancy Muslin Needle “ Satin stripe emb. Be- Worked Collars rages Silk and Cotton Hosiery “ Broche Brestletenes Bird’s Eye Diaper “ Plaid Silk Luxore Jaconet, Nansook, Mull “ Tissue Bareges and Swiss Muslin “ Silk Muslins Linen Cambric Hdkfa. “ Lisl;Ginghams Hemstitched do “ Earlston A French do Bleach and Brown Table “ Emb. Muslin do Diaper • “ Printed Jac’t Muslins Bleached Satin Jeans “ “ French Lawns “ and brown Sheetings Calicoes and Shirtings Fancy Silk Cravats, Marseilles and Satin Vestings, Broadcloths, Cassimeres, Summer Cassimeres and Gambroous, Cottonades, Union Plaids for Pantaloons, Nankeen, Black Lasting, Drnpd’Ta, very fine Russia and Scotch Diapers, fi-4 and 12-4 Cotton Sheeting, Linen Sheeting, Linen for Pillow Cases, Irish Linens, Carpeting, Rugs, Ac. The public are invited to call as there are great inducements for those purchasing new Goods for cash. G. W. WOODRUFF. Store on Second street, next door to G. W. Price's. April 26 4 NEW GOODS. FINE Silks, Barages and Muslins, just received at I. WINSHIP'S. Macon, May 3, 1848. 5 WashiiiKtoii Hall Stables. Jlt'Xtß THE undersigned have taken th Stables formerly kept by A. C. More- HOUSE, and offer Carnages, Buggies, -“—“—Sulkies, Saddle Horses. Ac Ac to Hire. They have also careful and competent groom*, and will keep aingle Horse* or Droves by the Day, Week, or Month, on the most reasonable terms. , , MASON A DIBBLE. April 4, 1848. l ly Macon and W estern Kail Itoad. gjgWSglggiHi CHANGE OF HOURS. ON and after the 27th March, the Passenger trains of this Road will run daily as follows, connecting at Atlanta with the Western and Atlantic and Geor gia Rail Roads. Leave Macon at 6 A. M.—arrive at Atlanta 12t, at Dalton 8P M. Leave Dalton 4 A. M —arrive at Atlanta II A. M. and Macon, 6P. M. Passengers for Savannah will sleep one night in Ma con , and leave next day at 7A. M. The Trains of the Western and Atlantic Road do not run on Sundays Fares between Dalton and Savannah .sls Macon 9 Atlanta and Savannah..... 10 “ “ ‘! Macon 4 EMERSON FOOTE* Superintendent. Macon, March 22 51 NEW ARRANGEMENT. United States Mail Line—Bally. Between Savannah and Charleston via Hilton Head and Beaufort, Inland two-thirds of the way. g * .'J> THE WELL LKOWN / • Steam Packets. Tf*’ .METAMOK A, Captain F. Barden, WM. SEABROOK, Capt. T Lyon, GEN. CLINCH, Capt. Wm. Curry, Will hereafter leave Savannah every evening at half past 8 o’clock, and Charleston every morning at 9 o’- clock, precisely, touching at Hilton Head and Benu fort each way, and avoiding two-thirds of the sea route. For Freight or Passage apply on board or to BROOKS A TUPPER, Ag’ts Savannah. E. LAFITTE, A CO. Agts Charleston. N. B.—All Goods, intended for Savannah or Charles ton,, will be forwarded by the Agents if directed to their care, free of commissions All w ay freight payable by shippers. Jan 26 43 Neinl-weekly (J. 8. Mail, SAVANNAH A PALATKA, FLA. BT THE WAV OT Darien, Brunswick, St. Mary's, Ga.; Jacksonville, Black Creek and Picolata, Fla. In connection with the Charleston Daily Mail Steam packets at Savannah, the steamer SARAH SPALD ING, from Palatka to Lake Monroe, the U. S. Mail Stage* from Picolata to St Augustine, and from Black Creek, via Newnansville, Alligator, Mineral Springs and Columbus, to Tallahassee OCAMULGEE, Capt P McNelty. ST. M ATTHEWS, Capt. N Kuig. WM. GASTON, Capt. J. Hebbard The Packets leave Savannah every Tuesday and Saturday mumings, at 10 o'clock, and arrive at Picola ta in tune for the Mail Stages to go through to St. Au- i gustine before night every Thursday and Monday , Returning, leave Palatka every Tuesday and Friday , morning a 7 o’clock, touching as above each way BROOKS A TUPPER, Agenta Savannah, Jan 26 43 N B,—Goods unsigned to the agents fbrwa rded free I of commission. Freight from Savannah and Charles- ‘ ton, and all way freight, payable by shippers’ ROBERT A. ALLEN, Factor and Commission Merchant, No. 112, Hay Street, Novttunah, Geo. WILL attend atrictly to the storage and aale of Cotton, Com, Flour, and other produce, and will make liberal caah advances on goods consigned to his House Kefikences.— Mr James A. Niabet,’ E B. Weed, „ J. H R. Washington, Graves. Wood A Cos , Dye A Robertson, Jugwslo. Bration A Young. Marietta Dr. George F. Pierce, S,.arta July 21,1847. lyl HARDEMAN ft HAMILTON. Wnir-House and Commission Merchants, MACON, HAMILTON ft HAHHHMAI7, file tors and Commission Merchants, SAVANNAH, WILL give prompt attention to the sale ot gftMM Cotton and Country produce, as well aa to the tilling of orders for Bagging, Hope, and family supplies. Sept. 22. 2f> tl WAREHOUSE AND COMMISSION BUSINESS rrccw THE mbseriber, having removed from the Wiggiioiui occupied by him last year, and bSH taken that lung known aa Gaxvaa’ W samurai, opprsute to Gaxvrs, Wood 4. Co's. Store, reapectfrdly tenders his thanks to his former pstrons and Mends, and aolicits a couununncrol llietr patronage, with the aasur ance that he will devote his whole tune and spare no ef orts to promote their interest Liaxaxt. xovxseaa will he marts to those wlio require them; and order* for SAGGING. ROPE and TWIN E, and other Merchan dize, promptly tilled on the must reasonable terma GEO JEWETT. May ItHh, I-M7 7 DYSON. COOPER ft MUATI ’ WILL continue the WARE HOUSE and kJMfOM MISSION ItISINESN the ensiling season, at their Eire-Proof Ware-House Thankful to our fnenda for their fomiar patronage, we respectfully ask a continuanoe of the mine, with the aasuranee that our beat efforts will be given to pre inole their interests Liberal xdvxncss will be made on cotton in Store, at customary rates THoaxa pyaoN, joa. a. moria.XNO wa. a. Soar STS. I Macon, March), IMS. 4* ly Aliiaantftrn Itowling *aloon AND BILLIARD ROOM. THE Subscriber has become the proprietor ofthe above establishment, and intend* to keep it at all times in proper order, bo that gentlemen may have an opportunity to epjoy pleasant exercisa in a neat and cool room. THE PULASKI BILLIARD ROOM-opposite the Pulaski House—is kept open us usual; and the public are most respectfully invited to call at either ol the above places. PATRICK CURRAN. Savannah, April 19. 3 3t Nf'w Spring Good* and Millinery. DIRS. DA MOV T It has just received anew of the richest goods in her line, con mating in Silks, Muslins, Ginghams, Cherre Lus tre, Baragrg, all of new styles and patterns, Also, a tew rich Embroidered Silk Wedding Dresses, the finest ever brought to Macon; a large assortment of Shawls and Scarfs—hamelar, Neapoletan, Chip, Tuscans, Dunstable and Straw Bonnets, Flats, &c., and a va riety of other goods usually kept in that line. Macon, March 22 51 5t tW* Federal Union will copy five times. Siraw Bleaching; & Dick* making. Mrs. KENNEDY, would inform the ladies of Macon, and the adjourning country that she has removed to the wooden house, formerly occupied as the Telegraph printing Office,and next door to Mr. Plants Carriage shop, where she will attend to the above business and from her long experience those who en trust w'ork to her care may feel satisfied not only in hav ing it finished in the neatest manner, but in the latest and most fashionable style. teW A lew Black Bilk Laces suitable for Visettet for sale cheap. April 4 1 5t More New Goods at BANCROFT’S, (NOW OPENING.) 1 nf\ PARASOLS, 37*® $3 00, 1 JU 100 Fans, 25 ® $2 50. Summer Silks, Grenadines, Muslins and Ginghams. April 12 2 Just Received at ItANICKOFT’S. FINE Kid Gloves, Jaconet and Swiss Muslin Trimmings, Rich Thread Laces, Shell, Tuck and Side Combs, Fine Bombazines, Rich Black and Colored Silks, Foulard Silks, Ac. Ac. April 12 g Groceries,. & 9li * l continue the kJ GKOCERI business, and keep constantly on hand a lull supply of every article in their line, which they are disposed to sell in any quantity, on as good terms as any other house in the State. April 19. 3 Sugars. A fV HHDS Muscovado and PortoJßioo. *xO 45 do. New-Orleans, fine quality. 75 BBLS. Coffee crushed. 20 do Crushed and Powdered. 20 boxes Refined Loaf Just received and for sale by SCOTT, CARHART A CO. Apnl 19. 3 Cofiee. 1 fUt Bags Prime Rio. 1 vrxl 40 do. Old Java. 8 Half bales Mocha. In Store and for sale by SCOTT, CARHART A CO. April 19, 3 Brandies. 1 11 Half pipes dark “Otard” old and fine. I\J 10 do. light do. do. 5 do. pale do. do. For sale by SCOTT, CARHART A CO. Apnl 19, 3 1 tl PIPES HOLLANDGIN, a genuine article. ’ 30 BBLS OLD MONONGAHELA WHIS KL Y. In Store and tor sale by SCOTT, CARHART A CO. 1 Apnl 19, 3 Fine Winea. OLD MADEIRA of the very best quality. Do. SHERRY do. do Do. PORT the pure juice ot the grape. CHAMPAGNE ANDCLAREt]choicest brands Also—Second quality Madeira, Sherry and Port. > A large supply in Store and lor sale by SCOTT, CARHART A CO. April 19, 3 Whiskey, Gill mid ltum. 1 Ci IY BBLS Rectified Whiskey. IGG 75 do. Baltimore do. 150 do. PHELPS (and other brands) GIN. 50 do. U. E. RUM. f On hand and for aale by SCOTT, CARHART A CO. April 19, 3 Tobacco and Cigars. A large Stock, of every brand and quality,always on hand and for sale low by . „ SCOTT, CARHART A CO. . Apnl 19, 3 Faints, Oils, Ac. WHITE LEAD of different qualities LINSEED OIL. LAMP do. WINDOW GLASS—different sizes. In store and for sale by A 1,0 SCOTT, CARHART A CO. April 19. 3 Porter. *IOO 002. LONDON PORTER(pintsand quarts,) ‘ JyJ O I his day received, and for sale by SCOTT, CARHART A CO. Apnl 26. 4 Bncon. 50,000 3!oaHbs on pr.ine leaf lard in store and ‘A&fcth.m AJW g Musical Instruments. THE undersigned having been sppomted Agent foe I 2ogh*um’s Harmonic Institute, Charleston, S C. is enabled to offer an assortment of Musicol Instru inentsat unparalleled low prices; lie will also keep constantly on hand an assortment of Musical Merchan dize ol all kinds. Complete sets of Instruments for Bands Ac can be furnished These goods are imported into Charleston direct from Europe by Mr. Zogbaum, and can therefore be affonl ed at prices tar below any thing that has yet been offer ed in this part of the country. March 22 51 6m B. L. BURNETT. B. L. BIIKNCTT, CJL. HAS removed from the old stand of C. K Jf- is li enluntrth ts Cos. to Cotton Avenue, near the **t™comerofCheny street, where he is prepared to offer hia customer* old and new, some of the cheapest bargains in JEWELRY ever sold m Macon. His collection of goods has been made with great care, and will be sold remarkably cheap All kinds of Clock nnd Watch Work done with dewateh and warranted. April 5 i FINE WATCHER.—Just received and for aale. neit door to Mr, Bancroll's, on Cotton Avenue, anew mipply of Fine Gold Hunting, Double Bottom and Ancher Lever Gold Watcbea. Warranted to keep time, and at prices to suit the timea. April 5 1 II L BURNETT \\ATf If K MVS.—A new and elegant article, v v Dont forget to call and see ilicm. April 5 I II I, BURNETT. I’KNh in both Child and Silver holders. V* Also, a large aaaortmrm of Gold and Silver Pen cils—the beat and cheapest in the market April 5 1 B. L BURNETT. f ’OLD STUDS for Gentlemen s use and now all VI the I saloon, for Bale by April 5 I II L. BURNETT. FMNGEH KINGS,—A new and elegant assort ment, just received. B. L BURNETT April 5 i LADIES’ Hit HAST PINS.-A few 7.1 new patterns, rare and extremely neat, for rale at April 5 I B L. BURNETTS Ol'i:t 111 l.l> G< I & Silver Iran villi Hurt's tj Perifocal Glasses—the besl now m usi , tor aide by April 4 1 B L HI ‘ll NET T OOLAR LAMPS fine Huitania O and Brass Chamber Candlestick*. for sale by Aprtl 5 I BJL BURNETT OII.VEH SIMHiSS .iid Batter Katvw jml ro- IO ceived and for rale by April 5 I B. L. BURNBIT. I >l, \TED W ARE, Elegant Plated Caatora, ! I Eruit Baskets, Waiter., Candlesticks. Hnuftera and Trays, Cups, 4c —just oprnrd and for aalr by April 5 I h L HURNETT. Id Usg m- rrol y p*i. Ijkt K rale clreap a first rsta Csrnern whole size fair 1 fitted to a hall box with sn extra ( use Applyatlhr Ifegiartrcan Gallery Appoiiollail share | the instrument may be aeen and tried Macon May 3 ININ 3t 5 To the Ladies in I'artirular, r PHE sulwcriber, having had twenty-five yenrs cx- A perience in the Confectionary buHitiFSH, both in New York nnd Europe, heus leave to inform lan.ilies, and Ladies in particular, that he ha* opened an exten sive CONFECTIONARY on Cherry street near Third, where he will furnish CANDIES of his own manufacture, and warranted equal to the best ever pro cured Irom New York, on very reasonable terms. Ail kinds of Cake furnished lor Halls, Parties, Pic Nics, 6(c. at the shortest notice, and very cheap. May 3 5 8t F. DKEVES. Oeortfin HotH. Orfitiiii* iin. BT W. OOOUDGBr THE proprietor would lie pleas- and to see the former patrons of the WARM SPRINGS and STt)NE MOUNTAIN, as well as all others, who may be pleus ed to favor him with a call. The house being situated in a central part of the town,and all the sUigesstopping daily.makes it desira ble for travellers. • PARTIES furnished at short no tice. Music, fife .provided when requested. Griffin, May :!d, IN4B. 5t —5 For Knit 1 . j-_a A COMFORTABLE two story Brick foisß Dwelling on the Court House square, with nil jlijll necessary improvements, together with a line garden, and an excellent well of water on the prem’ses For terms, which will be moderate, apply to SIMEON MERRITT, Hnwkinsville, or „ „ THOaMAS F. NEWTON, Macon. April 26 4 ts agricultural” Agriculture of France* Agriculture is the basis of all the Arts It lies a t the foundation of human improvement: and its state among a given people may be said to afford the measujf of its civilization. Ifone man by his sole labor can provide from the earth subsistence for three, two are left at lib erty by a different application of their labor to procure for common use the comforts and luxuries of life to practice and perfect, by exclusive attention to them, the useful and elegant arts ; to effect the exchanges of com merce ; to ameliorate political, civil, and social institu tions : and to provide tor the intellectual wants of man, bytthe cultivation of Literature nnd Science. A defec tive state of Agriculture in which every man, or nearly man,is occupied with the care of supplying his own fe>od, must abstract largely from the number of persoas engaged in these humanizing pursuits, and evi dently retard in an equal ratio, the advancement of so ciety The end of Agriculture being to increase the amount of iw^fulproducts from the earth, its perfection consists in obtaining the greatest amount with the least cost. — The actual productive capacity of an acre of land is probably unknown. Its maximum product hns not yet neeii reached. Results surprising indeed have been at tained : but in reference to none of them may it bt: averred with confidence that nothing more could have been effected. For agricultural improvement is la mrntably slow in its progress. The application of sci ence to an art which in the eyes of most farmers ap pears so exclusively practical, is regarded, with distrust, and scientific suggestions of most unquestionable utility are sneared at as the advice of book-fanners. Much must doubtless be put down to the account of want of education among the agricultural classes, to honest ig norance and prejudice, its child ; much to disinclination among fanners to disturb established habits, and de- i part from a time-honored routine under the reign of which they and their fathers have gotten along with tolerable comfort. “ Let well enough alone, ” they say. These men, who in full view of the rail-way which conveys to market with so much celerity and convenience the products of their neighliour, are ihem selves content to toil over the hills and stall in the mud ot the ancient courtly road, “ Mine fader has been n I ways travel along dis road and so I travels here too.’’ But per haps the chief cause preventing the prompt general ailop tion ot improvements discovered and recommended by scientific men,is to be found in the limited capital of most farmers, which, already charged to its full extent, is unequal to the expense in which tlie substitution of new methods would involve them. Thus, proposed scientific improvements which have notoriously passed from the doubtful domain of experiment and taken place among well ascertained facts, are rejected under the empire of that stern necessity which leaves the fanner no choice between immediate moderate return* which may be made to suffice, and the large returns which he admits would ultimately reward a change of system. AU these causes and particularly the last, owing to the minute subdivision of landed property, of which we shall have occasion to speak presently, concur to ren der the grand results ot Agriculture in France much in ferior to those of some other countries lees favored by nature. Its territory is thrice that of England, its j>op ulation double, its soil and climate more genial, yet tne agriculture {.products of France are estimated at but one-third, perhaps at one-forth those of England.— lhe difference is astonishing and is due exclusively to the superior modes of tillage which obtain in that island, and which probably render it in certain localities where tavorable circumstances combine, the seat of the most perfect agriculture which the world has ever witnessed. Statistical writers usually announce the agricultural population of France as forming three-fourths of the whole. But M. Cheinin Du pontes who is quoted as the best authority upon this subject, stntes the actual num r°* H**™ 0118 engaged in agricultural pursuits lo be 22,000,000, which is considerably less than three fourths. It is calculated that the laoor of each individ ual suffices for his own subsistence and leaves a surplus equal to the fourth, or at most, the third of the subsist ence of one other person. It appears too, considering the whole population, and the area of land under culti vation, that in the present state of agriculture it requires an average of 3 7-10 acres for the support of a single person. The departments of the North and ot the Lower Rhine which contain a much denser population than this would imply, form in fact no exception to the rule. In these departments notwithstanding their fer tility, production is never equal to consumption, and they draw from abroad a portion of their subsistence. These are deplorable results and in view of the de mands of an increasing population,may well excite the serious concern of the patriot. Agriculture must im prove, and exhibit vastly superior productive energy than at present,or France will become dependent, and year by year increasingly dependent, on foreign sour ces tor her daily bread. A glance at the map of France and a moment’s con sideration ot its physical characteristics, will suffice to prove that this country has been richly endowed by na ture and ranks among the most favored parts of Eurojie Its northern extremity on the base of the Pyrenees falls in 42 deg. 30 inin. N. lat. the northern beyond Dunkirk in 51 deg 10 min. making in length, eight and a half degrees of latitude. Its breath from long H deg 20 mm. E. of Greenwich to 4 deg. 40 min. W extends over thirteen degrees of longitude Thia gives dimen sions nearly square of 595 miles troin north to south, i and 550 from east to west, an area of about 205,000 square inilea, or rather more than 130 millions of acres , The fertility ol its soil is hardly second to that of any part of Europe and its Mia I climate fits it for the ! growth of a rich variety oT northern and southern pm auctions. Till late year* only ill-directrii and imperfect efforts had been made to ascertain the variety and amount of the agricultural wealth ot France Since the revolution of 1830 however, the old inodes have been laid aside and anew method adopted, more tedi ous and difficult, but more efficient and satisfactory for furthering uie real basis of agricultural statistics The bureau of general statistics winch was charged with the wd remedying this evil, addressed to the mayors K‘ fie officers, and the principal citizens of all the 37 - communes of France, so many copies of a table drawn up on a ample and uniform plan, requesting them to fill the blanks with the proper uitormauon and return he table to the officer in Pans. By these means immense iiimks of local information were edCcted, which was submitted, firet, for revision and verification to committee* of each canton : this being the next ter- , ritona! division of France larger than the oomiiiune Having passed through the 2,846 cantons of the king- 1 dom it was submitted, for further arrangement and abridgement, to the 363 arondiaseiiient* Thence it passed into the hands of ooimnußuons in the 86 Depart ments from which it bus been received, a completely digested and reliable body ol valuable French suustint i rhiasystematic plan was commence.) in IH, n d the public ha* been for some time in posaenmon of the re sults. Departmental inspector* of Agriculture are ‘ charged with continuing the work ; it is iheir duty to i keep the government in constant possereion of impor tant agricultural statistics. It is from thi* source thnt most or the figures ill the present article will iw drawn I A distinguished writer, Laliiu de Qwteauvieux di vide* France into eight distinct agricultural regions I vix North, NorthesHt. Southeast, Central, West On •ral, South west, and the Linde or heaths. Before gi V - j mg a rapid sketch of these regions, describing briefly their characteristics, llieir productions, and the mode* luril piuuucuuiiM, rm me modes of culture which prrvail in them, n pawuug notice, must be taken ot the minute subdivision of landed property which ia,in a greater or irm degree, common to all ol them, and is every where attended with deplorable I couaeuuencea to tlw general mtereaia ol agriculture “It la, ‘aayathe wnier mentioned above ‘W charnc tenatic feature ol the rural economy ol France. It (a I the muiienae laet which curtails all ameliorating mesa* I urea and ail eircumatanecs. It HaaaiHca the union ami impreaaea upon it an agricultural character *hich the effort*ot commerce and the afrugg|.*a of industry am impotent to remove ** This division of the toil of France into 1¥3,3tf0,3dH diatmet | mice la, lielongini/ to ■krai llW.tWMOTfeu>r,llH- work ol (lie iVn, I, Revolution Which ot llie great cardinal and saving ideas, |m times I, religious, or aocinl, >■,><.ll the wise com prehension nl winch real I lie hopes of the humun nor dial waa no! armed upon and carried lo wild eatremiiy’ amid the rxceeaes ol that terrible reaction I—dial did IK* become Huxioua and almost odious m ibe allempia which were made al practical development Thua the doctrine that ihr mteirata ol sgriculmre, and the wel fare of Ihe ante would be greatly promoted by the breaking op ol the leudal ayatem, and the creation ol a large Hanoi free propriciofg <8 the aoil, waatllwtrat ed in r ihiicc by morselling the territory to to the al moat incrtdilili extent above mentioned, and diatnbut- Jng it in ruinously unequal portions among 10,898,682 tCp proprietor*. During the last ten years of the nine teenth century .national domains tothp amount of $508,- 262,500 were wold. These were mostly estates of the church and ol the religious orders, which, with the no bility, possessed, prior to the revolution, nearly the whole of the lnndeil property. These estates were gen erally sold at very low prices, partly because not much confidence was had in the newly acquired titles ; and partly because there were not many buyers capable of paying the lull value of the Innd. The following table will present at on** view, the distribution of territorial property in this kingdom at the commencement of the present reign, and partially disclose the magnitude of the evil complained of—an evil aa great, perhaps so far as tile mere interests of agriculture nre concerned, ns the other extreme from which they so precipitately fled. Proprietors are divided into eight classes according to the amount of the land tax with which their properties nre burdened. The four first comprise whntare Known n the large moperties paying nt least 200 francs (S3B 50) nntiunl taxes: the sth and 6th classes, paying a minimum annual tax of 50 francs, ($9 621) comprise the middling properties: the 7th and Bth clnsseschnrg ed with a tax of from one cent to *8 121, comprise tne numerous small proprietors. Clattes •/ Minimum ! VumSer ts \jtrerc?e tize\ Tetcl acres ! proprietors. of taxes, proprietor*.’ of estates j per class. j seres. Ist class. *192 50 8.000,877* acres. 7,018, 0007 i , 1 2d. “ 96 25; 15,000j4448-10 6,672,000 1 3d “ 57 75 67,000 207* “ 13,902,500 ( i I 42,816,500 4th “ 38.50 110,000 138 2-5 “ 15,224,000 J ‘ ’ \ sth. “24 06* 290,000 86* “ 19,030,000 ) ■ ‘ 6th. “ 9 621 480,000 34t “ 16,608,000 \ | Dro “ * ( I 35,638,000 7th. Bth.” 01 ‘ 3,900000 91-50“ 11.500,000 > J sma n ( 23,698,000 \ {proper- J 35,198)007 ties. > [ 4.800,000 113,652,500! j 113,652,500 • I 1 he above table however, exhibits very imperfectly the extent to which the morselling system is carried in b ranee. It does not explain the more than 123 millions of fraction* into which the territory of the kingdom is divided. In fact the properties designated in the table ms large nnd middling are themselves broken up into numerous small fragments : to the effect that a wealthy man’s land lies so split up into small parcels, and often nt such distances from each other, that if he deemed it necessary to have the whole under his personal supervi sion, his whole time would be taken up in moving from I one portion ot his estate to another A man’s property i lfe s scattered over the whole arondissement so that one ofthe larger proprietors has in some portion of his es -1 rate almost every other proprietor of the department as his neighbor. The inconvenience ot this state of things j and its hindrance to productive cultivation are evident , at a glance. Parcels at a distance may not be exchang | ed lor others tying nearer home, because the expenses attended upon the transfer of real estate, in the shape of stamps, conveyancer’s fees, recorder’s fees, 61c., are so onerous that for conveying a lot, yielding only two or three dollars a year, in raw produce, the parties would have to pay nearly twenty dollars in fees! Side by side with the “large,’’“middling,” nnd “small” properties, connected with nnd immediately flowing lrom this fragmentary condition of the Frencn territory are observed different modes of cultivation known by the name of the great, middling and small culture. The great culture as its title would imply is that w hich is conducted upon a grand scale on a large body of land. Numerous hired laborers are employed occupy ing separate quarters and having no connection with the family of the proprietors The middling culture is effected for the most part by the sole labor of the far mer and his family. The hired laborer however, is occasionally called in. A single glow is seen uiion farm ; but no division of labor takes piace. The small culture is earned on without the use of the plow, by the manuellabor of the fanner and his family. Taking no note of th** woodlands, the following is given as the proportion in which the land is distributed among these three systems of cultivation. tSmall culture. Acres To cultivation ofthe vine, Acres 13,344,172 ) Mountainous districts, “ 11,120,144 > 40,452 611 Very small properties, “ 15,938,295 ) Middle culture. Estates taxed at from 94 811 to §9 621 “ 13.344,172 1 r arms cultivated by me- “ / „ “ 35,831,574 {52,882,460 Cultivated by small par- ** celling farmers. “ 3,706,714 J Great culture. 41 15,148,107 .'15,148,107 108,483,175 We are now prepared for a rapid glance at the eight grand agricultural ngions into which L. deChateauvi eux divides the surface of France. It shall not detain ue long from the presentation in tabular form of the variety amount and value of the productions, which under the’ unpropit ions circumstances to which we have been al luding they are made annually to yield. The Region of the North opens a vast field for the growth of bread stuffs vegetables and the grasses Its climate is moist and its soil generally of great fertility consists of sandy clays of no great depth, reposing for the most psrt upon chalk, pure or mixed with gravel, and sometimes upon sand* and tertiary limestone*. It comprises the Paris bastn, an iinmence plain the eleva tion ot which ranges from three hundred to a thousand feet The region of the North is chiefly occupied by the large proper ties and is the chosen the great culture. Shade trees and fences or incioauresare rare Horses are exclusively used in ruslid laUira. Large farms at fixed rents are numerous. Long lines of ap ple-trees for the production of cider forms one of the most striking lent nre* of this region, particularly a* we approach toward* the ocean on the northwest. Root crops and herbaceous oleaginous plants are largely cul tivated. The extensive pastures of this region support lor export, horse*of extraordinary size, strength and beauty large flocks of merino sheep, and fine milch cows, but the oxen for labor are not considered ot a su perior race The northern limit for the cultivation of the vine upon a large scale, passes through this region. I hr limit tnsybr mr.rked bys linr cornmnsHnc on th- Rhine a little south ol Strasbourg in about latitude 48° 25'N. passing southerly to Metz in Ist 49° 10’ N which IS the most northern point, thence m the south-’ westerly direction through Paris in 48° 50’ N Ist paw mg near Chartres, between Alencon ntul Msns. to 1 strike the coast a little west of Nantes, in lat 47° 20’ 1 north. i Adjacent itS|sition in France sufficiently indicated liv Its name, lies the region ts the Northeast It is characterized by a great variety of surface, being com posed m slsrnt equal proportions ol hilland dnle suds corresponding variety of soil. It includes the ancient j provinces; ol Loraina, Bouigugne, and Champagne live arid chalk plains which abound in Champagne, are abandoned to scanty paaiuregr and rrsureas trees Its tamoM vineyards are on the rorht bank ofthe Msrne I hel ween C lislons and Kbeuns. The productions ot the | forest ezeeed the bread stuffs in value Honrs Slid cat tle are of a very inferior quality Three-fourths of the (arm labor is performed hy horses and the other fourth by ozenand cows Igmdaat all rich nre never allowed | l “ lle ‘alfow. This region is further distinguished by the minute division ol landed property, ami hy the pre ! valence of the middling nnd sstaß sysienu ol culture iI he must VII lunMe productions are the Burgundy and j Champagne wines ; potatoes, forming a large pan of ; the element of mini Slid beast and the oleaginous plants Indian cum allows naell in the southern portion ol this region ns an important article of cultivation. Farther north il takes* very low place among agricultural pro , auctions. Hnrminesn Is the general characteristic of the 1 soil of this regiou. The r((ten an Ike Soutketul present* a atill greater diversity ol aurlaee, climate, soil and culture Vaat bo iliea ol nib-riot land tonn it, distinguishing Iraturr Agriculture min a very low and languishing Mate, it i* conducted obit fly by melmytre, and riorpiin a few ol the more northern dirtricta, altogether upon the- •vatrnia ol the small and middling culture. Honwa are lew and ol very tnlenot quality. The labors ol the larm are per lormed by Men. It la the general practice in thia ragt | on to allow the bind lo lie billow every second or third I year. I anally during this year the land Ilea quite idle I t,u *certain localities it ia planted in clover. There is a general tendency here to extend the cultivation of the vine Wherever a proper ‘Xixaiure can be obtained, “I"’” * locality at a antheirnt elevation above the level ill theaea (hidividing this region into two parts by t w parallel of Lyuda. 45° 46’ N. Ist. it ia observed that the noth ern port KM resembles in ita agricultural features the legion, already deaciitird, while the southern hall ia marked by the lira! appearance ol the mulberry. nr gum of Ike Stalk —ln tha itntnear amplulheatre binned by the region vl the aoulh culled alao the tint legion attention ia attracted to an agricultural specla cle ot an entire.y novel chaiact'r. Under the warm aoutiiern amt, over the aurlaee ol the well •haded soil, in the generally diy climate of the aoutli ol Franoe. shrubs and perennial plants are aren to lake the place ol iboee ol annual growth or inngling together with them in the aatne held,. | heir valuable product*, partaking mote ia the i haracter of article* ol commerce than of aut atsience ILf the population, which can imly he rraliaed by the aid of lunda advanced lor larger or ahorttr peri ods, attract nutocruus small capita la from tha citteti VOL. XXVI.—No. 6. and ease and plenty prevail. Natural meadows have disappeared and artificial meadows, which are subject ed to the general system of rotation of crops have taken theirylace. This region does not produce sufficient . wheat for its own consumption. Mules are employed for the plow, sometimes horses. Cattle are few and of mean stock, but asses and sheep are numerous and of an excellent kind. The sheep particularly under the influence of the climate and of an aliment more substan tial than abundant, and well salted, are of robust con st ituuon and furnish a very superior quality of meat for the table. They furnish beside the wool,the only milk, cheese and manure winch are used in tin* country.— Those in daily us:* upon the farms as well as the mov ing docks, are employed for this purpose. Animals are rarefy housed, and the enclosing them in the folds is the only inode of manuring the ground. In the anci< province of Languedoc of this region chestnut trees >■ • very extensively cultivated. The mulberry and he vme are very important productions. It is here that thecul ivntion of the former attains its maximum of extent and its optimum of quality The wines of this region are very strong wild highly colored, destined for the most part for the d.stiQery and exportation. The art of irn fationis well understood and generally applied here.— >rangea, dates, in some favorable locations, lemons, olives, prunes and all dried fruits of all discretions art furnished to commerce in large quantities from this ge nial region. Region of the Center —Agriculture is of a very slov enly description here, effected chiefly by metayer*, un der the “middling” and ‘‘small” cultures. The rural population is sober, frugal, and industrious, yet its agri cultural contribution to the commerce of the kingdom, occupies the lowest rank. Every autumn a considera ble portion of it emigrates to distant provinces, seeking employment during the winter, und returning home in the spring with their meagre earnings. The chief pro ductions of the region of the center nre cattle and mules, which are raised for sale, the pasture on the mountains being of excellent quality ana abundant. Region oj the Southwest.— A grea fj variety of soil and production is offered in this division of France. The mulberryhas almost disappeared fit the ancient prov tnee of Guienna, the cultivation ofth*- vine is curried to the highest perfection. The m-*; valuable wines if , ranee are produced here. Bordeaux is the great mart, its brandies of Arina guar are second only to those of Cognac. A large portion of the territory is devoted to the production of grain, among which wheat holds the first place,und Indian corn the second. Potatoes are produced in laigo quantities, and agriculture is skilfully conducted. The three species of culture obtain here. Kota t ion of crops Is practiced, and with the best results. 1 he plan of the Garonne is not so fertile as that of Flan ders and some others, but the climate is better, and up on equal soil the crop heavier. Viheyarifs are cultivat ed for the profit of the proprietor by an overseer inter ested in the crop The Central Western Region. —Between the valleys of the Garonne and the lower Loire, hounded on the west by the ocean, extends a region whose inhabitants, thanks to its remote position, the insalubrity of its coast, the fertility of its sou,to its mild and equable climate, and its even surface, enjoy more larg ly than those of ■ny ot *Jf r portion of France the quiet happiness of rural hie. I here, agricultural operations are conducted up on a scale equally removed from either of the noxious extremes observed m other regions, und long habits of friendly intercourse between die landlords and tenants have established amicable relations and terms of inti macy, which contribute to the happiness of both. The low price of provisions ami the abundant production of the finest fruits, make living easy and comfortable.— Beautiful meadows border the rivers and skirt the sea. Cattle of the finest form, feed on the plentiful pastures oi clover and sainfoin. They are raised with (Mire and intelligence, and are a valuable urticle of expor, being highly prized, both by the butcher and the firmer of oth er provinces, who would employ them in agricultural labors. This favored and happy portion of France is the central western region The last of the eight divisions remaining to be des cribed, is the lundee,or heaths. They occcupy a broad belt of territory commencing n*ar the center of France at about 46° north las. and 2° of long, east of Paris, and stretching noriliwesterly to the ocean : comprising with in their limits the cities of Moulins, Nevors, Chatean roax, Blois Rennes, Angers, Mans,Nantes, Vanes,and Quimper The abscence of lime or the predominnace ol unity clay in the soil,renders this region comparative ly sterile. It produces abundantly thorn, broom, and jumper. The inferior grains are raised in only moder ate quantities, and impoverished cattle seek scanty pas tures where medows neither natural or artificial, are met with. The various systems of culture pervade cer tain parts of the Landes ; but the barrenness of its soi the bad state of its roads, and difficulty of communica tion with the capital, have placed this region, in an ag ricultural point of view, far in the rear. Sheep and cat tle^ are raised in certain parts for the Paris market. The price of land in France varies, of course, with locality and quality. First rate pasture land in Nor mandy brings 5,000 francs the hectare, (equal to $4 05 per acre,about.) In the Sotogne.n portion of the mou em department ol the Loire et Oper, land sells at per acre. Farmsinthe Limagne, (department of Puy •Jr Dome,) one of the most fertile portions ol the king dom, fetch $2 90 per acre. Eligible garden spots in the central regions oi France sell Tor #320 per acre ; and farms located in the Landes, or heaths,command an av erage price of sl2 per acre. In an official work on the statistics of the kingdom, published by the Minister of Commerce, the extent of the various soils of France is thus stated: Mountainous regions 4,268,150 hectares * Heath...... 5,679,019 Rich mould, 7,276,369 Chalk, or lime, 9,788*197 Gravel, 3*4 17/393 “ Sandy,. 5,921,378 Muddy, or marshy, 284 454 Olher soils. 7,2911,*38 “ , , , 32,768,600 “ Measuring the fertility el the soil of France be ita pro duction of cread stulls, it is ascertained that, that per i' 0 " 0 *f which is of the first quality, occupies about 8-25 olthe territorial surlace of the kingdom, and is lound on the shores ol the ocean, in the valleys of the rivers flowing Irom the Pyremies, and in the- great pla teau which stretches toward the north, between the “"Vo “I! th l’ a,a * i^ at * an oforditiarv fertility makes up 19-40 ot the whole ami ia comprised, lor tne most part, in the provinces ol the east; and filially that the positively burren tracts, counting in the general ■,- tnate for the whole rest, c- 41-800 of the soil, belong to the central regions, Irom the Lore re to cap.- Finistem b ive-stxthsol the soil may be said to be productive, and one-six'll unproductive and incapable of amelioration constating ot mountainous districts ot down., or be mg exclusively of chalk or fiinty clay formation. The following table presents at one view the most important ol the agricultural products .ns ol France the extent ol land employ ml in th.- cultivation ol themaav eraily, the annual am it produced, ti.- average price and the total value. The results contained m this table are not all equally exact and certain The unthortoftbe statistical work Irom which it is taken, say that it may be with confidence relied upon in respect to the moat im portant articles, to w it: the grains or bread stufft • but that the amounts here given as the annual product o! wines, brandies, ciders, are doubt let* tar below tbs ac tual amount produced. Waste during ihe winter local consumption,and, above ail, fraud, prevent compilers es statistics from urrtv mg at any thing more a native to ry than approximates upon this subject The cultivation of potatoes is so infinitely divided, as are garden vege tables generally, that nothing absolutely certain can % gathered respecting them. The number ol mulberry and apptr trees ia also doubtlul, because ol the various modes ol culture adopted, more frequently in long lines on borders and along waters, than ill well deiitied or chards ;Hectres,Heotoli- . Productions. culttva [trdst pro-M ot ** va *’ I led j duced. j Wlieat, 5,5!11,52U 69386,1*9 *211.00001X1 H*,. 2377,254127 all 7bo. 59.25*348 Mason,or ntealin, 910,833 11.8*8,448 28,834370 Barley, I.IHH,IBp| 16 661,462! 273*4388 ’f 1 * I *’ , 3,Wi1l 73s (48,899,785 60,4(12 294 torn and millet, 631,732 7 320,264 14 358 417 Ituek wheat, 651,242 8,469,788 122?7’7*N Henna and tenuis, 19.9911 241,131 ‘37’788 Ciard vage's, 7U0,U00 43 lobjjun j’otatoea, I 921,971 *96.233,985 40>21 173 Beets, 57863115 7441/Ml! ...79*^80 tablm-. col*. i73.5t.1i 2 27636 b 10.225349 llemplk. l !) 176.148 69.178.717 17,257,46,’ rlax (In Kt!) 98,241 36,875,401 11,501,413 Madder (inquin 14.676 160.340 1.868674) lobsero, 7.855 889*471 1.097jUU) Aftihcial tnetulowa, 1576 3171 i 40,753.031 Natural meadows, 1,108,198 j 92,519645 fallow—land, 6,763,281 18,457,1*0 I aalursgcsdt heaths, 9,191,076 | 16,412,809 Orel, unis, 766.5781 Ohve*, 121329; 167330 43553*0 Vines, 1,972 340 ! 1 5>6,000,0U0 t fie stir 11 la, 453,387 3,476 s*! 2,705,638 tmer trees, (10,880347 16,884,4*7 toT"** 89*04,5511 41320105 Walnuts (Kil l 6,7441 1303,591 348,108 Another summary saves the following results'” ’ So. o| Hectares. Annual vaiua at production Area under cultivation ... 19,945,891 *711,64*1,8*# “ in orrhanls, nurar riea, dr osienea 766,577 ” in meadows, pa* .... larva,lands,dr fallow, 82,1697,953 1*,49#,4#7 hnna, 89404361 41.328.M5 * Farmers who pay no fixed rant, but hell the annual product to tlw proprietor Metayer Irom the bur be row tot till audit tonus, medic tat llialt) •The French hectare is equal m 2. 471,143 of our acres —or to 21 acres, nearly,rather Iraa—orto247-l(Xlucrea vary nearly. *1 4 The f tench Uaetalnce ia equal to 22 009*7 gallons bitglish, or very little more than 2 5 * ut our bualtels. I 1 franc equal to I9f cents. 100 centimes ,c 1 equal to 1 traua. 4 roe Ir ranch quintal is equal to 197 ou t