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J >ITRNAL & MESSENGER.
S. T. CHAPMAN & S. ROSE, Editors^
Order and SystfAi in Fanning.
We copy the following from the “ Albany Cultiva
tor,” as an article replete with practical good sense,and
worthy the attentive perusal of our readers. Fanners
make too little useof t*-n, ink, arnd paper, and many
are unable to tell you even the exact dates of their last
year’s plantings. The practice of keeping a diary not
only leads to sys'em and order but also enables the
tarmer to notice the differences in time ol maturing,
amount of crops, &c. under different methods of til
lage, and thus his after opeiattons may be conducted
with the advantages arising out of his own extierience.
What we write down, we are more certain to re
member ; the very act of recording a fact imprints
i on the memory.
W’hen a limner rises in the morning, he should be
prepared to know precisely the whole work of the day,
and indeed his help should have been informed over
night, what they were to begin at in the morning. A
farmer should not retire to rest any Saturday night,
without first having laid out the work for the entire of
thefoltowing week, and the first day ol January should
h id me farmer with a map of his farm, marked with
tne un.-iided crops for the year, dates for having the
g. ;>u id ready ; kinds of manure ; time of planting;
suo-succession of crops, &c. At this lime his seeds
lould be all prepared, and in sufficient quantities, a full
“Ck of compost ready for spring use. A farmer so
,■ pared for his year’s work, will pass a happy New
■ --ar'siiay.
“ The improved condition of agriculture in the state
Mew York is evident in nearly every connty, it is
je apparent in the products which flow in abun
ice to our seaport markets, and is equally apparent
. the whole face of the State. Science has indus
ir.onsly collected the fragments of agricultural knowl
r g , heretofore scattered over this and other countries,
i no having arranged them with system, we arc en
ebieii readily to retain and employ them.
’• V\ nh advantages so great, it is surprising to notice
tlu tiiibarrassmeui and loss, which are peimitteil to
l.arass and distract a large number oi our most indus
trious fanners, an embarrassment which neutralises
their efforts, and holds back from them much ol the
profit their farms would naturally afford.
“ It is in the absence of Order and System in their
proceedings, to which aliusion is made ; a palpable
w ant of arragement of facts, of principles, and of ob
jects, to form a complete whole.
“ At this season of the year, (November,) we are
forcibly reminded of this truth ; the neglected corn
s till standing on the field—the rich soil intended for
spring crops, resting under a covering of mischievous
weeds ; the new grown wheat plant suffering already
in stagnant waters, for want of proper drains or fur
rows ; the plow r and harrow, resting on soft and muddy
headland, there to remain exposed to the winterstorms; ‘
the tine woollen sheep hurrying over a long led pas
ture, snatching a scanty meal, while an adjoining field
exhibits a bountiful supply ; abundant hay stacks (nr
from the bams and sheds, around which the sheep clus
ter in snowy weather, exposed and shivering; such,
and such like negligences are, every where, too often
to be seen, in this our beautiful State—negligences
ansmg from a want ol system and order, and for which
:tn easy remedy exists, when the suffering party can
1- convinced, that he not only loses a portion of the
‘■ ‘•i > yed benefit lie seeks for, but also loses in the es
t i. u on of his fellow citizens, who view with silent re
go i tin slovenly aspect of his farm, the want of order,
-ini the loss of natural advantages for want of system.
“ it was Burke who said that‘good order is the foun
dation of nitgooil things ;’ and as farmers may be as
tated that want of order in our farming operations, and
a wain ol system in our course of cultivation, must and
v%iii mspiay ucontused mind—a mind without a steady
object, reiy fog on chance, depeudanton accident, caus
HifJ, it iCffcb O: iiihi) 4 Ultimo.’
44 ! he c'tacH'i* it* now ai Laud wiien all our out-J- or
operations cease ; in i:.ct,tlie systematic tanner has
Closed tus fi. id labor tor ihisyeat,except perhaps dttch
i*-gi or the it inoval ol stumps ana stones Now is the
season to leriect and establish a system tor the coming
year,aim by a judicious arrangement ot crops and field
wotk, havenercause each to follow in order, admitting
< t no hurry or anxiety for its due and thorough aceom
piishment; this,generally may and can be done, and
the maii who omits it cannot run an equal race with
fits b tier informed and caret I neighbor.
“ No excuse or apology can be found for the want of
oroer; n does not rectuire talentgr skill, neither dues
jt cit.suine time, while itsexercise causes every thing
w limit it.- influence tobe ready lor action, agreeable to
ttie eye, enduring in existence, and fitted to produce
i tie required results without failure.
Charcoal as a Fertilizer.
The weekly Agricultural meetings of the members
ol in Massachusetts Legislature have contributed to
tmt in on stock ot information, the fruits of much
i,. oiVi.ubt experience, and occasional facts of import -
a. ce to cultivators. Manures was the subject of con
siuerattoii ai the last meeting. Several members de
s c i .bed improved modes of making composts, that have
t . a increased the produce of their farms. Mr.
xmmra Cionmended charcoal, which he had used for
y an—the dust, such as is found in the beds of char
|>112 U I Iti Sfll(l
.i> habit has been to draw such quantities as I
u obtain, and deposit it near where my manure
. was to be placed. As the manure wouid aecuinu
'e . tore w over a layer of charcoal, and so continued
;.i itie heap was formed. By this operation I saved
.i ilie ammonia and gases that would otherwise have
i.-capeu, uiid the quantity and quality of the fertilizer
was great,y increased.”
Ciiuicoal and leached ashes add. and to common stable
manure, more than doubles rts value for agricultural
purposes. Pounded coal and ashes placed about the
toots ot peach, apple, pear, fig, and other fruit trees
a nd grape vines, will serve to keep off insects, prevent
diseases in the bodies, roots, limbs and foliage ol the
trees and vines, and at the same time improve the
health, vigor and flavor of the fruit. A sickly, defec
tive organization of wood leaves and fruits is inevita
ble, when the soil lacks any one or more of the ele
mentary substances required by nature iu forming ail
the tissues, sugar, starch,acids, woody fibre and earthy
salts of potash, lime, magnesia, &.C., found in any
part of the living being. The parasitic plant called
“ mildew” which attacks and luxuriates on feeble
grapes as they approach maturity, when the demand
on the soil for proper aliment is largest, and an empty
exchequer dishonors the draft, may be rendered harm
less by a little wood ashes and charcoal.
In damp locations and wet, unfavorable seasons, no
preventives will protect grapes and other tender fruit,
from ill health and more or less damage. But when
the atmosphere and climate are right and the fruit trees
or vines have been judiciously pruned, still if the soil
is detective—if it lacks available potash, lime, sulphur
phosphorus, chlorine and iron—sound, healthy, well
fh vored fruit is not to be expected. Ashes and char
;.. mrnish by these things, besides condensing gases
.m yielding them to the water which euters the roots
ot the vines and trees. The organization of sugar,
starch, gum, nitrogenous tissues and wood, is a curi
n'! and interesting study. Without alkalies and alka
li. earths,nature refuses to perform the task.— Chron.
t; Sent.
Evergr en Trees for Ornament.
Those of t ut readers who intend ornamenting their
grounds with the beautiful productions of our native
foiest, will no well to bear in mind the tact, that ever
g.eens sho Id be transplanted in the spring—deciduous
v tieties in the fall The fir rarely succeeds when set
at the latter season. ]t is a beautiful tree, and with
proper management in removing and transplanting, it
is rarely known to fail. In the spring, as soon as the
frost begins to relax, or after it is wholly out,but while
the nights are sufficiently cold to harden the surface of
the soil, cut around the trunk with an axe, or other
suitable instrument, several the lateral roots at the dis
tance of eighteen inches or two feet from the body
then w,ih as much care as possible, raa-e the tree from
its bed, w ith all the dirt that will adhere to the roots,
and place it in a cart or other vehicle, to Ire conveyed
to the place where it is to be set. The hole tor its re
ception should be sufficiently spacious to receive it
without doubling up or otherwise cramping the roots,
a.u be filled in” with soil as nearly approximating
that wherein it grew, as practicable. No heaping up,
o, “ mounding” about the trunk, should alloweti .
Ii is better to have a concave than a convex suiface
No fi'rmetitable manure should be applied. Old coin-
I o t .s the best Stimulant —(ultivator
Gcaho— In What if Value Consists.— Guana is
c i. fly valuable for the amonia and phosphate of lime
i contains. That from Peru certainly owes its great
s -flic icy to its large proportion atnonical salts ; but
r *ll oilier kinds, as that Irom Saldanhah Bay, must be
considered, in the main, only for its phosphoric acid.
MACON, GEORGIA.
WEDNESDAY. APRIL le 184*-
DCf’ Correspondents whose favors arrived too late
for insertion this week will have n I nii ;i our next.
We beg them to remember that “brevity . the soul of
wit.”
Killing Frost—Crops and Fruits Destroyed.
Alter a week ol intensely hot weather, a sudden
change occurred on Saturday last. Oil Sunday, snow
fell in cons derable quantities at various points through
out the surrounding country. This was followed by a
severe, killing frost, on Sunday night, the damage from
which 19 incalculable. The gardens in this vicinity,
und as far as we have been able to hear, have been
entirely destroyed. Peaches, nectarines, grapes, ap
ples, plums—nil are coutp etely blighted. Corn, which
in many instances was a foot high, was killed to the
ground, and it is generally believed that the witeat crop
has suffered a similar fate. It is difficult, as yet, to
estimate the injury done to the growing crop of cotton
The crop which was up has been destroyed, and the
impression seems to be universal that there is not enough
seed left to re-plant. In many cases the planters, sup
posing their stand complete and their crops out ot dan
ger, had used all their surplus seed for manure ; conse
quently it will be impossible for them to repair their
losses. It will be difficult, for a few days yet, to arrive
at any correct conclusions in regard to the extent of
injury sustained. Our apprehensions may be unreason
ably excited, hut we fear the damage will far exceed
our gloomiest anticipations.
The Mechanic’s Meeting.
It affords us much pleasure to understand, that the
Mechanic’s Association ot this city has been revived,
with every prospect of permanent usefulness. Asso
ciations of the kind are always valuable if conducted
in a proper spirit. They contribute to harmony, con
cert of action and general intelligence ; as well as to
the protection of the interests of their members indi
vidually and collectively. No class at the south needs
this prot*ction more than our mechanics, and we are
always happy to see them assuming that position to
which they are so fuliy entitled by their industry, their
enterprise and honorable deportment.
Kranch l{oail to Perry.
The very able and well written communication sign
ed “ A Planter,” in another column, will commend it
self with much force to the people of Houston. An
other correspondent suggests the policy of a Plank
Road between Perry and Mossy Creek. Next week,
we hope to give the views of this latter writer more in
detail, and would also, be pleased, to hear from “ A
Planter” again, on the subject.
The Savannah Steamers.
The noble Steamers Cherokee if Tennessee, are
now making their weekly trips between Savannah and
New York, with perfect regularity ; and w’e are hap
py to learn, with handsome returns to the Stockhold
ers. We have no doubt that when the Central Com
pany returns to its last schedule, and makes the con
nection through, w ithout stopping, that the travel on
this route will be greatly increased.
More Fine Stage Coaches.
We take pleasure in calling attention to the adver
tisement of Mr. A. C. Morehouse in another column.
It appears that he has established a line of com
modious four hotse post coaches. These coaches are
to be run at all houis, upon the arrival of the cars a t
Forsyth. Anothei advantage of Mr Morehouse, par
ticularly to families, consists in the oiler, to supply
them with private Carriages, Bug go- am Saddle
Horses. “Competition is the life oi t;-n< :” and we
feel confident that the travelling pm • t ihomgthe
present season, have no good cat. < ii j tas to
the facilities of getting to and hoi., t.. ; i u,.an Springs-
Col. James . CuilitiUo.
W’e are gratified to announce that Col. Caluopn,
(late ot the Geotgia Regiment,) has received from the
President the appointment of Indian Agent at Santa
le.New’ Mexico. It any man in the nation, by his
industry, e nterprise and patriotic sacrifices has earned
an appointment, Col. Calhoun certainly is that man.—
We are pleased to see that he has been remembered
by his old chief, and not less so, to know that he has
been tendered a post which will be alike honorable and
proji table.
Honor to me mecnnnic.
The people of Augusta propose l to tender to the build
ers of a New Locomotive in that city, the compliment
of a public supper. The engine, which was construct
ed at the shops of the Georgia Rail Road, is the first
ever made in Georgia,and on that account is called the
‘‘ Native.” It has been tried on the Georgia Road, and
a correspondent of the Constitutionalist says that,
“for neatness and elegance of finish, equableness of
motion, and power, in proportion to the calibre of its
cylinder, it is unsurpassed and unsurpassable by any o*
the imported ones.”
The enterprising builders of this engine, deserve some
public and substantial mark of popular approbation.
The enterprise of our mechanics lias been too long
unrewarded, and it is now high time that these noble
fellows whose heads and hands alike contribute to the
general prosperity of the State, should receive those
marks of regard to which they are so fully entitled.
Candidates for Governor.
A writer in the Athens Banner, seems disposed to
crowd Governor Towns off the track, in the approach
ing political race. He names two candidates from the
mountains, viz; John H. Lumpkin of Rome, and Jas.
t . Cooper, E>aa|. oi Uniiioiicgo. our opponents
nominate Mr. Lumpkin, his several votes in favor of
the Wilmot Proviso, as contained in the Oregon Bill,
will doubtless commend him warmly to his Democratic
allies of middle and lower Georgia. Mr. Cooper is a
gentlemanly, clever young man, and we think would
make a respectable member of the Georgia Legislature,
but his friends will be apt to allow him to tarry at Jericho
for a time, before they make him “Standard bearer” ol
tiie party in the State.
Augusta Flection.
The Whigs of Augusta at their late municipal elec
tion most nobly redeemed their city from Democratic
thraldom, electing their mayor by over one hundred
majority. Only one Democrat succeeded in slipping
into the Board of Aidenneirand he was chosen by only
one vote. Mayor Garvin, who gave the casting vote
against extending the hospitalities of Augusta to Gen
eral Taylor, has been given very plainly to understand
the estimation placed upon his official meanness by
by the good people whose character for hospitality he
attempted to destroy.
New York Municipal Election.
The Wh igsofNew York have gained a glorious vic
tory over the combined forces of the Democrats and
Abolitionists ; having elected their Mayor, a majority
of Council and the Judicial Officers, by a majority op
about 4,000 votes. Prior to the election, there was a
complete coalition between the Old Hunkers and Free
Soilers. Mr. Hnvemeyer. the regular old Hunker Can
didate, withdrew, and transferred his infl i to Mr.
Vail Schaick, whose views coincided v n n . .f the
most ultra anti-slavery men in the city, i’he f Cash
wgton Union hailed this coalition bet . uoc
racy and Abolitionists,as a certain i . -ccess
and accordingly proclaimed a vies y, <. > .The
Whigs, however, true to their rav ... ration
and to Gen. Taylor, adhered fii nn> m ill n i.eket,and
the result has been a complete overtinow ot the com
bined powers of Democracy and Freesoihsm in New-
York. What say the Democratic presses of Georgia
to this new proof ol the position of their Northern al
lies? Will they still persist in their adherence to such
a party, and in opposition to such an administration ?
Tlie Spring Elections.
“In Connecticut, the Democrats have done better
than lor many years past. Thev have succeeded in
electing three out of the (bur members of Congress.”
The above is front the Telegraph of yesterday. The
election of the Free-Soil Abolitionists, is here distinct
ly claimed as a Democratic victory! Had this para
graph appeared in the Athens Banner, or some other
of those Democratic prints which were shrouded in
mourning for the death of Silas Wright, wc could have
understood it; but appearing as it does in the columns
of the Telegraph, whose Editor has openly denounced
Cobb, Lumpkin and their allies, we confess that it is
beyond our comprehension. We can only suppose that
it found its way into the paper by accident, and that it
will be repudiated in his next issue.
New Article of Export.
1 he Augusta Chronicle if Sentinel mentions the fact,
that “the last steamer that left Charleston for New
Yotk, took out 40 barrels of green peas.”
Piank Roads.
Asevery body seems to be reading, or writing or
talking about Plank Reads, we have resolved to pub
lish a few thoughts upon the subject. On our first page
will be found an elaborate aiticle fient the pen of Mr.
George Geoces, who professes to have much expe
dience in the construction and management cl this!
new class ol roads.
It is plain that, in the Northern, Middle, and Wes-!
tern States, Plank Roads are Jcsiined in a great meas
ure to supercede R.iil Roads in particular localities.—
On the main lines ol communication, and between
very distant points, for instance, Rail Roads must con
tinue to be used. Planks,on the contrary, wiil come
into general favor for alll lateral roads of limited ex
tent, running through densely populated and well wood
ed regions. Plank Roads, in other words, will become
the feeders to the Rail Ronds—they will he adjuncts,
and not rivals.
Whether tins will be the casein the South, and par
ticularly in Georgia, remains to be seen. There are
many considerations wh.ch ought to be gravely weigh
ed, before our people embark too extensively in the en
terprise. No one. can doubt the utility ot these roads,
if they can only he made to pay even a limited interest.
The three gieat inquires, then, in regard to them, inns ll
refer to their cost, their probable income, and their du
rability.
1. The co st of a Plank Road must depend entirely
upon circumstances. It cannot be fixed with anything
like certainty. It must vary according to the expense
of gruflj'g,the price of labor', and the convenience and
cost of lumber. No rule, therefore, can belaid down.
It may cost as low SISOO per mile, or it may cost twice
or three tinus that sum.
2. As of the cost so of the income of these roads
This must depend upon the extent and nature of the
transportation, and the amount of travel enjoyed
by each ; const quemly, distinct estimates must
be made for every road, construction of which is con
templated. Upon these points, therefore it is useless
to speculate ; as speculation might only tend to mislead
and deceive the public.
3. In regard to the relative durability of Plank
Roads, North and South, there is also great diversity of
opinion. Some persons contend that they would have
to be re-laid once in every four years, while oihers are
of the opinion that good heart pine, which is easily ob
tained, would last from seven to eight years. The
majority seem to incline to the belief, that six years
would be the greatest limit ol durability—perhaps, it
would be safer to base all estimates upon the probabil
ity of a renewal every five years.
From some estimates which we have seen made, we
are inclined to the belief that Plank Roads could be
made almost anywhere through Middle, Western, or
Southwestern Georgia, at an average cost of S2OOO
per mile, in South-Western Georgia, west of the
Flint River, or from Perry to the South-Western Rail
road, the cost might posssibly be reduced as low SIBOO
per mile. On the rou e from Griffin to West Point, the
grading and timber would probably cost more, and the
expense might thus be swelled to $2,200, sor 2,300 per
mile. Upon these points, however, we find it impossi
ble to arrive at any definite conclusions. Our great
object,in these few paragraphs,is to elicit, if possible,
estimates from intelligent gentlemen in the several
counties through which the construction of Plank
Roads may be contemplated. Our columns are open,
and we will be happy to publish the views and opinions
of our friends upon the subject.
Steam Factory in Augusta.
It appears that notwithstanding the immense water
power at Augusta, the enterprising citizens of the place j
are not satisfied with it, and are about, in part, to sub- i
stitute steam. The Augusta Chronicle if Sentinel of j
the 9th instant, says:
“ It gives us pleasure to learn that Messrs. Glen
den lng & Lockhart ate soon to erect a Steam Factory
for making Wootlen Ware, such as Buckets, Keelers,
&,c.; and also for dressing Marble in the basement
story. Buch an establishment is much needed, and can
hardly tail of being exceedingly profitable. Capitalists
in the country evince their sagacity, by seeking in
vestments in this city, where the safety of the principal
and good dividends are sure to follow. Al* is straight
forward legitimate business, without the least taint of
speculation.”
One effect of the establishment of manufactories in
Augusta, already, seems to be the concentration in
that place of capital Item the surrounding country.—
This is natural. When nten see that a people are indus
trious and cntcrnrisino .n.ra
legitimate pursuits, they will conclude at once, that
there is comparatively but little risk in loaning them
funds. On tire contrary, if that seine people ateent
baiked in gambling stock or cotton speculations, no
wise man would think of giving them cither his money
or his name. Why has the City of Macon never been
enabled to sustain a Bank of her own, based upon ac
tual bona fde capital ? Simply, because of the reason
here alluded to. The business in which the money
was employed was a risky, uncertain businees, and
when cotton declined or, Mississippi lands fell, the mo
ney vanished, leaving only t mpty vaults. Hence,the
insolvency ci the banks, and the loss of character of
their officers.
How different would have been the case if the loans
of these institutions had been based upon the rtal es
tate and industry of the place itself ? It is plain, that
in that event, notwithstanding the disasters of the times,
they w’ould have either had cash capital or its equiva
lent, nnd consequently, that the bill-holders would
have been protected. Another result flowing there
from, would have been, that the banks themselves
w oald have derived additional strength from the very
labor which they would thus have fostered and sustain
ed. Real estate would not have depreciated to the
same extent; nor would our merchants have been pros
trated under the disasters of the times
IT Ttl<? ptro|l*: of Macon <lt>siro groJually to change the
present aspect of affairs, and insure permanent pros
perity and wealth as the reward of industry, they must
imitate the example of their fellow citizens of Augusta,
and embark in a business which is free from risk, and
which, at the same time, will pay better than planting.
T hey must engage in manufacturing, and build up a
community of nidustiious, sober, thinking,mechanics.
When this is done, we will no longer hear complaints
in icgard to the scarcity of capital in Macon—money
will seek investment here, just as it is now doing in
Augusta, because money holders tire generally alive to
their own interest, and place their lunds where they
are safest and yield the largest returns.
Ohio Knifroads,
The citizens of Cincinnati were called onto vote
on the 30th ultimo, on the question of subscribing the
sunt of $1,000,000 to the stock of the proposed railroad,
between St. Louis ami that city. The majority in fa
vor of authorisi ng the loan was quite n large one, and
the stun, with the amount previously subscribed, will
be expended in the construction of the road from Cin
cimiati, as far as possible, reserving a sufficient sum
for the ears, locom olives, &c., necessary to put the fin
ished portion in working order.
It is proposed in St. Louis to subscribe half a mil*
lion ol dollars for the same purpose.
St. Louis Election.
A despatch from St. Louis, dated on the 3d inst.,
says :
“ The city election here has resulted in the election
of the entire Democratic ticket, with the exception of
the city marshal. The Democratic majority was 150.
The board of delegates elected are Whigs, and tiie
aldermen are Democrats. The majority in favor of
the railroad project to Cmcinnatti was 2,500. The
whole number oi votes cast were 5,000.
Emigrants. —The Federal Union of the 2d inst says:
The following young men from this city and its vi
cinity, left last week for California, viz: Ellsworth F. j
Park, Bolling Breedlove, T. W. V\ hite, F. 11. San
ford, Starke Park, E. King, and T. D. Edwards.
They unite with otht rs at At lanta, and proceed thence
to St. Louis. At this place they design providing them
selves with conveyances, nnd then take the Indepen
dence route, via Sama Fe.
Odd-Felix) wsmr in Ohio. — The Odd Fellows’
Magazine for April, published at Columbus, 0., has a
table showing the condition of the Order in that State.
The whole number of meniliers is now 8,217, and the
receipts lor the year were 01,970 68, being an increase
of $7,447 40 over the previous year. ‘J he total amount
expended during the year for relief was $20,921 57.
During the year 2,018 new members have been added,
and 26 new lodges instituted.
VaF Rev. R. T. J. Allen, appointed a few days
since special agent ol the General Post-Office Depart
ment lor California, was some years since a lieutenant
in the army. He is now a local preacher of the Meth
odist Episcopal Church, a thorough going business
man, nnd possesses all the important qualifications for
tire arduous service to which lie is assigned. lie wll
leave here in about a week for New York.
Removals from Office.
His political opponents affect to be greatly horrified
at the probability of Gen. Taylor’s turning out a por
tion of the Democratic office-holders. The “ hoary
headed political cheat” of the Union is thrown into
spasms at the very sight of the guillotine. No wonder
these complaints are common —
“ No rogue e’er saw the halter draw,
With good opinion of the taw.”
Pity, a wondrous pity, that Gen. Taylor will not con
sent to feed the hungry crowd who, a few’months since,
moved Heaven and Hades to keep him out of the White
House. Pity he will not consent to commit the execu
tion of his purposes to men who are (ts they are honest)
opposed to him on principle, and who (of course) would
rejoice at the failure of his administration. Pity the
old Hero would forget himself and pursue a vacillating,
time-serving policy, which would make him alike the
contempt of his enemies and scorn of his friends.—
This would doubtless gratify Mr. Ritchie and Ins f, iends
almost as much as the late triumph ot their Abolition
allies in Connecticut. Gen. Taylor, however, will pur
sue no such course. He will not hunt dow’n and peise
cute men lor opinion’s sake—he will not cut off heads
merely for tiie purpose of seeing the blood flow. He
will give his opponents a reasonable time to arrant
their allairs and set their houses in order, and will then
iurn over the keys to his well-tried and trusty friend*.
In doing this, he will do right,and will violate no prin
ciple or pledge. In doing it he will gratify his liiends
and add to the efficiency of the public officers.
Gen. Taylor is precisely in the position Mr. Jefferson
was, when he reached the Presidential chair. He is
called upon to allow nearly all the offices to remain in
the hands of his political toes. When Mr. Jefferson
was thus appealed to, “so important did he deem it to
have his principle of action rightly understood, that he
departed from the usual course ot official etiquette,and
answered, with his own hand, the letter of a remon
strating committee in reference to certain appointments
and removals.” We quote from Mr. Jefferson's answer
one of its most pregnant passages:
“ The removal, as it is called, of Mr. Goodrich, forms
tmother subject of complaint. Declarations by myself
in favor of political tolerance, exhortations to harmony
and affection in social inteicourse, and to respect for
the equal rights of the minority, have, on certain occa
sions, been quoted and misconstrued into assurances
t hat the tenure of offices was to be undisturbed. But
c o uld candor apply such a construction ? It is not, in
deed, in the remonstrance that we find it; but it leads
to the explanation which that calls for. When it i s
con sidcred that, during the late administration, those
who were not ot a particular sect of politics were ex
c iuded fn m all office ; when, by a steady pursuit of this
measure, nearly the whole efr'.ces of the United States
were monopolised by that sect; when the public senti
ment at length declared itself, and burst open the doors
of honor and confidence to those whose opinions they
more approved, was it to be imagined that this monop
oly of office was still to be continued in the hands of the
minority? Does it violate their equal rights to assert
some lights in the majority also? Is it political intol
erance to claim a proportionate share in the direction
ol the public affairs? Cun they not harmonise in soci
ety unless they have every thing in their own hands?
If the will of the nation, manifested by their various
elections, calls for an administration of government
according with the opinions of those elected ; if, for the
fulfilment of that will, displacements are necessary
with whom can they so justly begin as with persons
appointed in the last moments of an ao'ministration.not
for its own aid, but to begin a career at the same time
with their successors, by whom they had never been
approved, and who could scaicely expect from them a
cordial co-operation ? Mr. Goodrich was one of these.
Was it proper for him to place himself in office, without
knowing whether those whose agent he was to be would
have confidence in his agency? Can the preference of
another, as the successor to Mr. Austin, be candidly
called a removal oi Mr. Goodrich? If a due participa
tion of office is a matter of right, how ore vacancies to
be obtained ? Those by death are few—by resignation
none. Can any other mode than that of removal be
proposed ? This is a painful office ; but it is made my
duty, and 1 meet it as such. I proceed in the operation
vvitn deliberation and inquiry, that it may injure the
best men least, and effect the purposes of justice and
public utility with the least private distress; that it may
be thrown, as much as possible, on delinquencj ,on op
pression, on intolerance, on ami-revolutionary adher
ence to our enemies.”
Southern 31en Itead This!
The Washington correspondent of the Charleston
Courier, undei date oi sth instant, has the following:
“ In the Northern States the Free Soilers are coa
lescing with the Democrats, und this is toe cause of
the result in Connecticut. It is not improbable that
the Northern Democrats und Free Soil members will
unite in the next Congress to pass the Wilmot Fra
visa. IVe have indications that the Northern Demo
crats are determined toja css that question upon Gen.
Taylor.”
This declaration comes from one of the most relia
ble and candid correspondents in Washington City.—
It leaves not a shadow of doubt as to the ailedged con
ic niplated coalition between the Democratic party and
the Free Soilers. That coalition was clearly indicated
months since by the course pursued by Messrs. Cobb
and Lumpkin, of Georgia, in the House,and by Messrs.
Benton of Missouri, and Houston of Texas, in the
Senate. It is no longer to be concealed that we have
the geim of a Wilmot party at the South. It is com
posed of certain ot the leaders of the Democratic par
ty, who seem resolved to sacrifice every thing to place
and power. Southern men, and particulaily, the hon
est and patriotic portion of the Democratic party, are
utgently solicited to ponder upon these things. For
the first time in the history of the nation, we find one
ol tne leading parties of the country openly embracing
tiie Abolitionists—a party which has sworn eternal hos
tility to the Constitution, and to the institutions which
exist under it. The Democratic party ot the North
has embraced and coalesced with the Free Soilers for
the avowed purpose of breaking down the Administra
tion oi Gen. Taylor. To this determination, these
parties have been driven in a great measure by the
manly and patriotic avowal of Gen. Taylor’s views up
on the conduct of the Free Soilers in Congress, in re
gard to the Bi 1 giving a government to California.—
That avowal, made through the Nation Intelligen
cer, can leave no doubt upon the mind of any honest
Southern man, as to the policy of the new administra
tion. It now remains to he seen whether the Democrats
of Georgia will join in this unholy crusade against the
South. Will they longer act with their Northern al
lies ? Will they, too, coalesce with the Free Soilers
and Abolitionists, and destroy the last hope of the Re
public ? W 7 e appeal to them a9 patriots, as Southern
ers, as honest men—will they longer hesitate or taller ?
It will not do for them to attempt to apologise for the
conduct of their leaders in regard to the Oregon Bill.
It will not do for them to abandon the constitutional
question as they did in their recent meetings in Bibb
and Monroe counties. It will not do to cover up in
tended defection by high sounding resolutions, which,
in reality, mean nothing. The South requires—it will
demand—something more tangible and certain. If the
Democracy are sincere in their professed attachment
to Southern rights, let them come out at once, and sus
tain the administration which has boldly taken issue
with the enemies of the South. Inaction at a moment
like this, will only serve to strengthen the coalition
which has already been formed. Southern men, Geor
gians, who continue to act with the national Democrat
ic party, will have tobe regarded as the willing allies
of Free Soilers and Abolitionists! How can it be oth
erwise ? The Northern Democrats and the Abolition
ists are henceforth one and indivisible. Look at the
result in Ohio, in Connecticut, and in New York!
Can any sane man deny the evidence here given of the
union ? Can any honest man close his eyes to the fact, ;
that, while the Democrats have gone over bodily to the
Abolitionists, the Northern Whigs, ns a party, stand
firm in their support of a Southern President, and a
Southern administration ? These are facts worthy the
consideration of Southern men of all parties. We have
evidently reached a crisis in our affairs, which not otdy
justifies, but demands reflection. Gen. Taylor has
boldly assumed position. It remains to be seen wheth
er Southern Democrats will sustain him, or the Free
Soilers and Abolitionists of the North.
Hosts of Candidates.
The approaching Whig convention is likely tobe at
no loss for materials from which to select a good ear- ‘
didote. The names of Messrs. Hardeman, Hill, Holt,
Hull, Meriwether, Floyd, Trippe, Miller, Law and i
Jenkins, have already been mentioned and there is a
prospect that there are still “a few more of the same
sort left.” The whigs of Georgia have at least one
consolation viz : that whoever may be selected front
the above named list will be worthy of their cordial
support. They are all good men and true, all able end
honest.
Who Oppose Gen. Taylor?
It may be matter of consolation to those persons
; at the south who are assaulting Gen. Taylor to know
: that their most active allies at the north are the aboli
! tionists—that while they, here in Georgia, are solemn
| ly declaring that his cabinet are in favor of the Wil
mot Proviso, the Provisoists themselves are opposing
the Old Hero because he is a slaveholder, and because
he has given a preponderance in his cabinet to slave in
terests. To all southern men who oppose the present
administration we commend a careful perusal of the
following :
In the New York Legislature on the 9th inst. Mr.
Floyd, the leading Free soil senator oifered the follow
ing :
Resolved, That the fact that the President of the U.
S. is the owner of a large number of slaves, —that he
has formed his Cabinet so as to give a preponderance
j m itsCouncilto the slave powers,—the fact that hisap-
I pointments to office, thus far,indicate a determination
to protect and extend the slaveholding interest—all ad
monish the opponents of the extension of slavery to re
newed watchfulness and activity.
Resolved, That in behalf of the people of tli State
of New York, w r e hereby evince a deliberate purpose
. to prevent the formation of any civil government in
California or New Mexico which does not prohibit the
( introduction of slaves and the institution of slavery up
on the free soil of those countries, and that this decla
ration is made regardless of all the threats of defection
and of indignant frowns, from whatever quarters threats
may come.
The Albany correspon dent of the New York Courier
if Enquirer says: “ The Senate had previously adopted
a resolution restricting debate to ten minutes from any
one person. Mr. Floyd oeccupied his ten minutes in a
review of the several members of the Cabinet of Gen.
Taylor in their relation to the question of free-soil, and
declared that they were all chosen on accont of their
subserviency to the system of slavery.”
The first resolution was laid on the table by a large
vote, while the second was referred to a select commit
tee, which was regarded as equivalent to a rejection.—
In both these votes, it appears from the Albany papers,
the Free-soilers and Democrats acted together, while
the Whigs, who are largely in the majority, stood firmly
j by Gen. Taylor and his administration.
Now, it is plain that the object of these resolutions is
to break down Gen. Taylor with anti-slavery men, on
i the ground that he has selected Southern men for his
j Cabinet. We ask, who ate the men at the South who
are aiding these Abolitionists in their assaults upon the
administration l Evety child will answer that it is the
leaders of the Democratic party and the presses of the
Democratic party. These leaders and presses, for mere
j party purposes, are endeavoring to mislead and deceive
the Southern people, in regard to the real character of
Gen. Taylor’s administration. They are striving to
j weaken and destroy him in the affections of the South
| era people, and the direct and evident effect of all
; this will be, to give strength and power to his Abolition
j enemies at the Noith.
Those Democratic leaders and Democratic presses,
whose influence is thus cast, are just as much the ene
mies of the South, and of slavery, as the abolitionists
themselves. Nay, they are doing more than all the
Free-Soilers, and all the Abolitionists of the North, to
to accomplish the downfall of our favorite Institutions.
Is it not a singular fact, that w hile Southern men—par
tizans—are bitter, and even denunciatory, in their op
position to the administration, the aLustd and vil
lified Northern Whigs are standing up boldly and nobly
in their defence ? Look at the vote in the New York
Legislature, and then say who can be trusted ? The
quest ion of loyalty to the South is no longer one be
tween Northern Whigsand Northern Democrats. The
noble Whigs of the North, seem resolved to put even
South era Democrats to the blush, by sustaining an
administration which is assaulted at the North, because
its Chief is a slave-holder, and because that Chief has
invited into his Cabinet, safe, conservative men, who
have refused to lend themselves or their influence to aid
the fanatical, free-soil movement of Wilmot, Van Bu
ren&Co. We submit whetherthe honest,liberty-lov
ing Democrats of the South, will sanction such a be
trayal of their lights on the part of their leaders.
The Pub Sic Printing.
An t flicialadvertisement over the signature of Mr.
Secretary Cka wfoiid of the War Department re
cently appeared in;the National Intelligencer. Thisad
vertisement was ordered to be copied by a score or two
“ I| '* D.meKitic Dapers, while not a single whig
press was requested to copy. This act. unexclaiued.
naturally exciied no little astonishment and complaint
among the friends of the administration. A corres
pondent of the Philadelphia North American bf Ga
zette gives the following explanation,which shews
that the matter is the result of a contemptible L ce.o
co trick. The writer says:
, “ Mr. Buchanan,shortly before going'out of office
contracted with the Lccoloco newspapers for the pub
t lication of the laws of the U. States and other adver
tising connected with the Department of State, until
the 30th of September next. This piece of manage
; ment, which may well be regarded as more ingenious
than creditable, will have the effect of appropriating
| for six months to come, a large amount of patronage
which legitimately belongs to the present administra
! tion, and which 1 believe has uniformly attached to the
party coming into power.”
Our only astonishment is that Mr. Clayton, tire pres
ent Secretary of State, should think for a single mo-
I ment of recognizing any such contracts.
The Cabinet.
The National Intelligencer, referring to the rumors
of dissensions in the Cabinet, says there is not, ?nd has
never at any moment been, the slightest foundation for
any such statement. It adds tl-.nt ihere has never ex
isted in this government, a more harmonious Cabinet.
The gentlemen who compose it are personal friends,
with an entire agreement on all the great points of po
litical faith. The various correspondents at Washing
ton still assert the fact, however.
Gen. Taylor on the Tariff.
The Washington correspondent of the Baltimore
Sun, over date of Bth inst, has the following:
“It will be gratifying to the people of Pennsylvania
to know’, that while General Taylor expressly leaves
to the Representatives of the people in Congress the ad
justment of the tariff, he has to-day avowed himself
in favor of protection—of a tariff which will endure,
in virtue of not being too high; and that he gives a
decided preference to specific duties over the advalo
rem principle, which found favor with the past admin
istration. This is the result of conversation had with
the Old Chieftain this day by Mr. Robert M. Riddle,
editor of the Pittsburg Commercial Journal, from whom
I obtained the facts.”
Gen. Taylor is thereiore in favour of a moderate ta
r iff with discriminations in lavour of American Industry.
A:i Englishman’s opinion of Gen. Taylor.
A Canadian Journal contains, the following testimo
ny of an Englishman ns to the impression created on
him on visiting Gen. Taylor:
“In my last I gave my first impression of the new
President. I have since had the honor to make his ac
quaintance, and have no reason to change the opinion
1 expressed of him. The sobriquet of ‘ Rough and
Ready,’ which was conferred upon him by his soldiers,
on account of his promptness in action and in the pres
ence of the enemy, has given the public a very errone
ous impression of the General’s personal apppearance
and demeanor. He is a very plain gentlemanly old
soldier, courteous in the extreme, and prepesaesing in
his manners. He is, in fact, just such a man as wiil
fill his high office with honor and dignity.”
Good Advice.
John 11. Prentice, in his recent valedictory on reti
ring from the editorial chair, which lie had tilled for for
ty-two years, has the following :
“No man should be without a well-conducted
newspaper; he is far behind the spirit of the age;
unless he reads one, is not upon an equal footing with
his fellow-man who enjoys such advantage, and is dis
regardiul of his duty to his family, in not affording
them an opportunity of acquiring a knowledge of what
is passing in the world, at the cheapest possible teach
ing. Show me a family without a newspaper, an i l
venture to say that there will be [.manifest in i.:
amily a want of amenity of manners and indications
of ignorance, most strikingly in contrast with ihe
neighbor who allows himself such ajrational indulgence
Young men especially should read newspapers. If 1
were a bay, even of tsvelve years, l would read a news
paper weekly, though I had to work by torch light to
earn money enough to pay for it. The boy who reads
well, will learn to think and analyze, and if so, he will
be almost sure to make a mail ot himself, hating vi
cious indulgence, which reading is calculated to b-.’get a
distaste for.
COMMUNICATED.
To the Citizens of Houston County.
You have been invited by a meeting recently held in
Perry, by a portion of the citizens of that place, and
vicinity, to meet them at theConrt-house.on the Wed
nesday, of the first week of Superior Court in this
month ; that you may deliberate together upon the pro
priety and practicability, of constructing a Branch
Kadroad from Perry to intersect with the South West
ern Railroad near Giles’ Bridge, over Mossy Creek
My object in thus addressing you, is to cad your atten
tion <o the fact, that such a meeting is contemplated, I
and will be held ; and to insist that the citizens of the
county, of all trades and professions, are m re or less,
interested in the project; and to promote this interest,
they should respoud promptly to the call, and be pie
sent to aid and assist by their counsels and their purses,
in the arrangements preliminary to the construction of
said Branch.
The practicability of its construction, is, (as we con
ceive,) placed beyond a doubt. Any one at all ac
quainted with the character of country best suited to
the location of Railroads, and the least conversant with
the route of the proposed Branch, must at once per
ceive, that nature interposes no obstacles in the char
acter of hills, valleys, or water courses—but, on the
contrary, offers an almost unbroken rid e from Perry
to the blufl at Mossy Creek. This ridge is formed by
the heads of valleys and branches on either side of the
proposed line, of the contemplated Road ; those on the
South and West of the same, running into Beaver an 1
Bay Creeks, and those on the North and East, into
Mossy Creek. There will be no necessity of cross
ing any stream of running water, and thereby, is saved
the expense of constructing culverts. Beginning at
Perry, the road wiil run nearly parallel with the public
road to Macon, until near the residence of Alfred Nel
son; it will leave the public road, and taking a North
west course, heading the valleys making into Fanny
Gresham’s Creek ; it will pass between the plantations
of Green Hill and Hand; thence between the resi
dences of Zac Lamar and George Bivins, passing East
of William Allen’s ; between D. O. Smith's residence
and Dr. Thweatt’s plantation, and thence through the
lands of Davis and Giles to M< ssy Creek.
’l'he right of way, I ant pleased to say, will be given
the Company by the most of these gentlemen. Sev
eral of them I have conversed with upon the subject,
and as to such, 1 speak from authority ; and of those I
have not seen. 1 do not believe a single one wiil offer
any opposition to the location of the road upon their
lands Thus, in this case, one great difficulty in loca
ting Railroads, generally, is removed, and a great ex
pense usually incurred in purchasing the right of way,
is avoided.
There has, as yet, been made no regular survey of
the route, nor estimate of the cost of construction ; con
sequently, I cannot speak definitely as to the cost. But
from some little experience I have had in building such
works, and from information gathered from others,
having more experience than myself, I think the cost
will not exceed seventy-five thousand dollars, and pro
bably less than that sum. The cost will, however, and
must necessarily, depend upon the character of the
superstructure, iron, &c.
The practicability of the route and cheapness of the
Road, having (as I conceive) been made plain, I will
now endeavor to show to the citizens of the county,
that it is to their interest to raise the amount of funds
necessary, and apply the same, to the construction of
this Branch.
I presume, in this age of progress and improvement
it will be unnecessary to argue the question of the utili
ty and importance ol Railroads. That they invariably
add to the wealth of all sections of country through
which they pass, by developing and rendering available
the resources of that country ; cheapening transporta
tion to market, and facilitating travel, thereby enabling
man to accomplish in one day,at a trifling cost, what,
under ordinary circumstances, he could not do in treble
or quadruple the time—are truths so plain and stubborn,
that they cannot be refuted. These benefits do not re
sult alone to the farming interest—merchants,mechan
ics, and all classes, participate in the general beneficial
results. These favors and advantages, however,'‘are
dispensed more liberally by Railroads at their points of
beginning and teimination, by causing to be built up at
such points, markets for the produce of the country
round about affording at the same time, supplies
of Groceries, and such other articles, that the consum
er previously, was compelled to obtain at some distant
market. Capital and business men will concentrate at
these points, in amount and numbers, justified by the
villages, with every prospect of becoming smaller, have
suddenly, and as it by magic, been transformed into
large towns and cities, by the invigorating and health
ful influence of Railroads.
Such, 1 have Yio doubt, will be the case with Perry.
The Road is not intended to go beyond this point. In
deed, the favorable location for a Road, stops here—
and Nature by interposition of innumerable obstacles*
has said, “ Thus fur shait thou go, and no farther.”—
Build this Road, and you thereby, build up in your
midst a town with a population ot two or three thou
sand inhabitants. You bring to your doors a ready
market, not only for your cotton, but for all other pro
ducts, that, from your abundance, you have to spare.
Instead of seeking a maiket at Macon, a distance of
from 30 to 40 miles, at a heavy expense, in the wear
and tearof your mules and wagons, besides the loss of
your own time; or at Savannah, by means of the river,
with great uncertainty as to the length of time in reach
ing it; by building this Road,you virtually bring Macon
and Savannah, as to their markets, within the borders
of your own county. There will be a difference only
of the cost of transportation in the prices paid for cot
ton in Perry and Macon. The same will be the case
as to Bagging, Salt, and Groceries ot aii kinds. The
prices usually paid for irefglit upon wagons between
Ferry, its vicinity, and Macon, varies from twenty to
thirty cents per hundred pounds, or about one dollar per
bale for cotton. Many farmers, considering this price
low, and less than the wear and tear of their wagons
and teams, have paid the same, in preference to using
their own teams. Now, at the same rates per mile,
for which cotton is carried from Macon to Savannah
by the Central Railroad, the cost of transportation
from Perry to Macon, will be only seven cents ptr hun
dred pounds. But as the rates are higher in proportion
on a short time of road than on long ones, we will raise
the price to ten cents per hundred, or forty cents per
bale. This will make a difference of sixty cents a
bale in the prices of freights by wagons and railroad,
rendering the cost of transportation so cheap, that a
farmer having both mules and wagons, cannot afford
to use them in hauling his cotton to Mac< n. These
are considerations and advantages that should not,
and I am sure, will not, be overlooked and disregarded
by a people so prudent and careful of their interests, as
the citizens ol Houston county. Besides, we have said
nothing of the improvement in the value of your pro
perty, which wiil certainly accrue to you if this Road
is built. No argument is necessary to establish this
fact, for it is evident to every reflecting mind, that the
value of the same species of property, and especially,
lands, is estimated differently, and in proportion to their
distance from market. An increase in the value of
lands through which they pass, sea prominent feature
in the history of all Railroads. This fact has been ful
ly exemplified by the State Road in Cherokee, Geor
gia, by an enhancement of lands generally, and in cer
tain locations, fully one hundred per cent.
The question may be asked, can an amount of busi
ness be reasonably anticipated to justify the expense of
building and keeping in repair this Branch,and thereby
realise to the citizens of the county, the results prom
ised l I answer, yes. And though I may do it, at the
risk of not being credited, I assert, that when in ope
ration, this Branch will draw annually to Perry, 20,000
bales of cotton. Agreeably to the statistical informa
tion, compiled by our Tax Receiver ot 1817. the cot
ton crop of HouUon county lor that year, reached very
nearly 17,000 bales. Two-thirds of this amount is
produced South and Hast of Perry, and at points i:i the
county, altogether inconvenient to the South-Western
Railroad, running us it Joes, through the extreme
North-western portion of the county. ‘1 his amount,
therefore, will continue to be wagoned to Macon or
Hawkinsville, as heretofore, unless a more ready ac
cess to market is offered, titan that afforded by the
South-Western Railroad, as now located. But if this
Jranchto Perry is built, every farmer in the county,
who now carries his cotton to Hawkinsville and the
river, will bring it to Perry ; because it is necessity,
and not preference, that induces them to Hawkinsville;
tor the market there, is never so good as Macon, and
lire facilities for getting their crops to Savannah by riv
er, not so good as afforded by the Central Railroad. —
We think, then, we may safely calculate on eight or
ten thousand bales trout Houston alone ; and a large
portion of Pulaski and all the middle and Eastern (tor
tious of Dooly counties, will contribute tlieur crops,and
swell out our receipts in Perry, to over 80,000 bales an
nually.
1 could say much more on this subject, and by van
ous calculations, show to you, wherein you wouid be
benefitted by this Branch. But as my communication
is already lengthy, and presuming these tacts wm be
presented by abler heads than mine, on the day of onr
next meeting, 1 will desist trom turther remarks. ]^ t
; me, however, insist, that no one will remain at hotne
and tail to attend the meeting, thinking they have no
j interest in the matter. All are interested. Come up
then, give us a helping hand, and by a general co-ope
ration, the Road can be bnik w ithout resting a burtii. n
upon the purse of any one man, or set of man.
A r LAN TER.
Houston County, April 12, 1549.
COMMUNICATED.
Messrs. Editors. —As there is much said, n v-a
. days, in regard to Pknk Roads, I beg leave to propose
to the planters the propriety of making estimates for the
j foliow’ing routes:
1. From Macon to Clinton, in Jones cumsy; v ,
two branches, one to Eatonton, Putnam County, and
another to Morbicelio, J:;s, er.
2. From Forsyth, Monroe County, to the Indian
Springs, and thence to Jackson, in Butts County.
3. From Mossy Creek, on the South-Western Road
ito Perry, with branches to llawkiusviile,in Pulaski,on
the one hund, and Graeeviile, Houston, on ihe other.
4. From the point where the South-Western Road
• crosses the Flint River, to Amerieus, and thence in the
direction of Oaklawn, or Gillionviile, in Baker.
5. From the Flint River Depot, by way of Tazewell
in Marion, to Taibotton in Talbot County.
i . 1 mention these different routes, Messrs. Editors,
for the purpose of drawing the attention of others to the
matter. I doubt not that, with a litte effort, some of
the proposed roads could be built. If so, they would
contribute no little to the permanent prosperity of
MACON.
COMMUNICATED.
The Cabinet and the Proviso.
Messrs. Editors I see that the licensed calnmni
ntors who write lor the Telegraph, and who seem to
think that all obligations to speak the truth are cancel
led by the fact that their names are not legibly nppen
-1 ded to their productions, persist in declaring that a ma
jority of Gen. Taylor’s cabinet are Free Soilers. Will
you be good enough to copy the following from the New
Orleans Bulletin:
Mr. Clayton, the Secretary of Suite, is opposed to
the principles of the Proviso, although on one occasion
he voted for the slavery restriction under the instn -
lions of the Legislature of Delaware. In a spe- i
which he made upon his own bill, called the compro
mise bill, in the Senate, in August last, he gave utter
ance to the following manly sentiments:
“ The political agitators, in truth, desire no settle
ment of the question on any terms, and if the South
should push her claim beyond her constitutional rights,
the dissolution of the Union will inevitably follow be*
fore the North will surrender. On the enforcement of
‘hat constitutional right, we, of the middle States, will
stand by the South. Every true patriot and sincere
friend of his country in the North, when he understands
the true question submitted by this bill, will, as the
able Senator from Vermont [Mr. Phelps] has done,
9tand by the South on that issue. The course of that
Senator will, before a year elapse,be approved by the
whole reflecting community in the North, and it will
receive the approbation of all good men in ages to
come. The people still love the constitution and the
institutions of their forefa there ; and no man in the
North can win laurels, that will not speedily wither, by
disparaging their kboreor desecrating their graves.—
The cry against compromise to save the Union, is des
tined to be short-lived. The people know that when
Washington submitted the Constitution to Congress,
he reminded them that individuals entering into soci
ety “ must give up a share of liberty to preserve the
restthat the “greatest interest of every true Ameri
can was the consolidation of our Union,” and that the
constitution itself was but the “result of a spirit of am
ity and of mutal deference and concession, rendered
indispensable by our condition.”
And again in the same speech, alluding to the vote
in the Senate on the proviso clause, when out of fifty
six members, there were but fifteen who voted in favor
of it—less than one third. He concludes thus:
“Under these circumstances, I say no man of sense
will ever calculate that a majority of this body will
vote to prevent the extentsion of slavery in those ter
ritories by a direct of Congress. There is no more
prospect of that, than a majority vote in the other
House to introduce slavery into the Territories.
President T a vtab’c >1 Datruanr
Johnson, in a speech in the United States Senate m
July last, used the following uequi vocal and convinc
ing language.
I understand the Senator from New York (Mr. Dix)
as admitting the authority of Congress to prohibit sla
very, which he finds in the clause of the constitution
empowering them to pass all needful rules and regula
tions respecting the Territory of the United States,
terminates when the territorial condition terminates.—
No such thing. If the right exists at all, it is the right
to impose the restriction as a fundamental article of
government,to be enforced, as well in this Territorial
condition as in the condition of a State. Mr. Presi
dent, does such a power exist I That is, I think, to be
answered by the answer to this question. Was it not
the purpose of the Government that ail the States of
the Union should be equal at all times mid in all things!
Was it proposed to vest in the Congress of the United
States the authority to subject some States to restric
tions, and to leave others unrestricted ? And was it
proposed to accomplish it by vesting in Congress an
unlimited power over the whole question I If the
power to impose this restriction is to be found in the
article of the consttution to which I have referred, it is
there without any limitation. Whatever Congress
shall deem to be needful, they may exact as a condi
tion to fetter the Territory until it comes into the Union.
It has that extent, or it has noue. Now there arc oth
er relations,sir, beside the relation of master and ser
vant, known to society. The relations ol parent aud
child, husband and wife, master and apprent.ee, are re
lations just in the same sense as the relation oi master
aud slave. I'he father has a right,during uunoi.ty to tiie
service of his child ; the master, during the existence
of an apprenticeship, nas a right to the sen ice oi his
apprentice, and to control him by punishm* u, limit 1
only by tiie necessity of each case. Now. if the i
tion of Congress, upon the ground that ,s nee..;u.,
what is to restrain them from saying, that . o man shall
go into the Territories of the United States, with his
wife,child, or apprentice ! If the power exsits, it most
be general aud universal, without limitation, and em
bracing all the relations ot hte. VVniany bony . retend
that Congress couid make such a regulation as that I
The question answers itself.”
Mr. Preston, the Secretary of the Navy, whose
eloquent and conciliatory s-p eeh acquired for him such
general and merited conn., i ‘ation at the last se sion
of Congress, puts a construction upon territorial power
which is as conclusive as it is orthodox. He remarks :
“The territorial power, construed either as gentlemen
from the North or as gentlemen of the South construe
it, is but a secondary power or trust in this Govern
ment. What is the primary trust l What is this
power to the Constitution, in w ich it is declared that
we shall make such rules and regulations as are neces
sary lor the government of the Territories, made tor ?
Was it that this House should be converted into a mu
nicipal legislature? Was it that we should spend
days, weeks, months, aud years, in iegisiatmg upon
distant and small territorial questions ? strictly muni
cipal questions ? No, sir. The great trust—tbe great
power—the great reason why that clause in the Con
stitution was introduced, was upon this principle, and
tins alone. Sir, Territorial dominion was given to us,
not that we might (dace slavery there or freedom there,
not that we might go into munic pal legislation in de
tail for these provinces ; but it was that we should rear
up there, sovereign and independent States. That is
the primary trust in the Constitution. The territory
trust is limited in ns duration.”
From these extracts, it is apparent, that the views of
those prominent members of General Taylor’s Cabi
net are adverse to lue application of the power of Con
gress to the restriction of Slavery.
Mr. Crawfords position on the proviso question has
never even been called in question ; while Mr. Meri
dith himself is a native of Maryland and a gentlemen
who has never been connected with any of the fanati
cal or agiarian movements of the country.
How ridiculous and absurd not to say unprincipled
in the coirespondents of the Telegraph to attempt to
deceive and guil the honest people. My own candid
opinion is that tlte editor ought to be ashamed to pub
lish such communications. JACKSON.
Increase of Wages at Lowell.
We learn from tire Lowell Courier, that Jon the first
of the present month, the wages of the operatives in
the cotton factories ot that city, were raised from
twenty to twenty-five per cent —having been restoied
to what they were six months ago. This must be
most acceptable to the girls.