Newspaper Page Text
lOl'lvXAI. messenger.
J V JIES T. XtbuKT * ‘■ Edllo™.
.Summary,
-* \ jute Paris letter say* .
rL’ nr rot Mr. Webster to Mr. Rue- .autr.m, zing
m to recognise the new government of trance, I.ns
liim ‘ j: n the French journal* Hi® Conslitution
aPPie<J the way, and the unofficial journals followed,
thinking that no harmcouUcome l them while tread
. n footstep.’ ol the confidential sheet. The
•rai'slaiion is exceedingly well done, and the massive
L ‘ D f \i r . Webster has lost nothing in its pa-sage
i ito a softer European dialect. It is satisfactory to the
\ mermans, and the French who interest themselves in
Ititerican affairs pronounce it a happy instance cl an
ungracious task gracefully executed.
Pi Cotton. —We received from our much es
■ emed representative, iion. Wnt. Aiken, a specimen
i,x cotton- it is a beautiful article,a* glossy as the !
*’•l i-’lands, but lh- staple is so uneven that it would b
.. irieult to make good thread out ot it, so machinery.
\V e have no tears that it cas ever supercede jttoii as
..n article of ordinnty us r.-Charleston Standard.
Gold M—al for Prof. Mjk-e— A letter from
Mr Fleishman, U. B- Cos. -ui.dated rituttg rJGrnna
nv Feb Ist, states that the Governin’ nt ot Wurtetn-
ha? awarded a gold medal to Prof. Morse, as a
testunonial ot their appreetaiton ot hts u-invaded
system ot telegraphing. \\ urienmur* was Hie first
German State to ado. i Frot Morse s great invent ton
l’iic medal is to be sent to t L Brauns, Esq ,ot tins
cpv the Consul General of Wmteinbnrg, aisd be by
h-m presented to Prof. Morse.— Ball. Sun.
Pork Packed in the West.—The Cincinnati Price
Current pubii-hes a statement ot the number ot hog
■ it ked in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, lowa, Missouri and
Kentucky. According to this statement, there were
j ei.ed in 1850-’sl in these States, 1 670,996; and in
j-3i—’52,1,418,975 ; making the tailing off’ this season
197,021.
We clip the following from the Baltimore Sun
ot the Ist inst:
\V ife Wanted.—The advertiser, a good looking
young gentleman, ot twenty three, desires to find a
lacy who would be willing to share his lot in lift-. JStie
tnurt be gaod looking, <f amiable dsposition; money
no object Those disposed to correspond, may rely
on he most inviolable secrecy being preserved, ami
will address” Ernest,” through the Post-dike, previ
on# to 11 A. M., as the writer intends being united to
the fair one ot his choice this evening,and then w iit
start together for California t>y the steamship “ Mirror
of yortk America ” wtiich leaves t!ie Lvecunt. N. E.
corner of Baltimore a id Cnatles-sts , at 71 P .M.
A Vermont papei says ffiat the rights ot woman
are, “ to love her ‘lord’ with all her heart, and her baby
as herself—and to make good bread.”
Homestead Exemption —A homestead exemption
b i; lus passed both branches of ihe I'eni lessee Legis
lating. It requires the person intending to take the
b. n-fit of it to file h:s intentions before trie issuance ot i
execution.
Death of the Last of the Boston Tea Tarty.
—Dnid Kinnison. the ast survivor ot the Bostonian*
win* threw the tea ovriuiorJ in 1* -’-ton harbor, died at
his residence in Chicago, on the 24th of February, at |
the extraordinary age of one hundred and jiitecn
years.
ioUE Progress—Not !‘*g since a marriage took
f .ice at Sl.aneateles, -V \ ..rather out of the ordinary
i lie, but still pertectlv Tire parties were Mr.
Samuel Sellers and Miss Sarah Abbot. Tile rere
mo iv is thus described by an eve wiuie.-s. Afirrgiving
his views in a bnel’ speech, Mr. Setters took h bride
by the hand *.nd said:
In the presence of ai: who are present, f take Sarsh
A ; bot to be my wife, nr. king no promises of continued
affection, and invoking no aid ti.ereio, but hoping, !
tilisting, believing, tint otir characters are sufficiently
well adapted to enable a- to be io each other lanhtu,
and affectionate husband and wife during our lives.”
Miss Abbot tlien said :
“In the presence of ml vGio ure present, I take
Samuel Sellers to be my hu-bwtl, m iking no promisee,
but hoping, trusting, and heaving that our characters
aie suffici* ntly well atkt; ted to cacti other io enable us
io b-* mithlul husband und wit- while we live.”
‘f hey then signed a'paper with tbeir declaration of
being hustcind and Vile, and tite company present
signed a certificate ns witness to the ceremony, and
thus they became husband and wife.
A New English S..\ er—A Miss Chrichton ha<
just appeared for the* ;i -t time in F.ngl *h opera at ;
Drury Lane Theatre. St; • sdescribed asbavi g been
tsces'iveiy frightened and lud erousiy aw*waiff on
t ie s age, but her magnifi tent voice overcame all these
obstacles, and the house rose rn masse to cheer her— .
She is a pupil of Mutiu-l Garcia, the pr*c*pt< r of
Jenny Lind.
Where he Pcts Ttu v.—Every ne nearly in our :
low; indcoun’y know- Davy S , and thst he is and
always has been a rti! >•:d fashioned Democrat. in
tact he took to it as naturala duck takes to water, ‘
and stood up to it through thick and thin, as stiff as a
shingle and tight a a burr. When the secession wing
went off ,he did’nt go, not he,he was not born in the
woods to be scared by an owl as ‘he old saying is,
nor was he to be fooled out ot liix principles, therefore
he lilted up his voice (and sometimes both bands) in
b half of the Union. Since hts beaten and * bop-fallen
old party friends have been trying omnke it up wiihhim
and us they thought the besi means so to do commen
ced chiming themselves to be the “best Union in®n, ex
posing the so called Whig ticket, and winding up with
the necessity of a re-org.ui zation ol the old party, he
coming into their rank*, oke Tiff* proposition brought
httti t<>‘ taw,” and he g-vc them Ins opinion in short :
“Be the sow lov me, k iiere now, yer like ih*-! i
tle by. Vcr see ihe tittle ii;et ov the world stold a lot
of bins eggs oat ov the cist.and when he was about i,
be CRcht at his divffish trick, he puts em back. \\ cult!
he do to trust ! be the boty s> tints, r.o! And do ye
think I’d trust ye that’s g t cai in wid yer nasty D.s
union tricks,and now es tit ng to hiJe ’em ! S'. Pit
riek presarve nie from do. v; it ail, at ail I—Sortb
Mississippi Union.
fley A letter from W’a-lniigton sy:— It is sta'ed
on good authority that Senator Douglas* has consented
to throw his strength into t(:e Buchanan interests; the
morale of ihe move being, that it Gen. Cass were to
get the nomination, it w.'uld, many event, prevent the
north-east from receiving it in 1.-Sfi; whereas by aoiiiu
for Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Douglass stands we i for the
next election. At all events you may reiy that the
move has been agreed upon.
t he total number of immigrants arriving at
New Vork duriHg the month of E b u try wis b 34 >
dmmg the corresponding moitili of fob I it was 8,1*70.
*1 he months of January and Eebruary, as compared •
with i-hose of last year, show a decrea.-e ol 5,913/
{TP The Philadelphia P- :msylvaman calis the pres ;
cut T. ioueranee and anti Temj>erance issue a war be- ;
tween the Maine-iacs and Cogniac#.
03“ Edgar G. Dawson, Esq ,of roluntbus. (so, lias
been app ented by his Evcciuncy, G.v. Cobb, Aid’ de
camp, vvitli the rank ot Colonel.
The McDonough Estate.—A bill has passed the
State Senate ol Louisiana, providing tor the appoint
ment of a board ot Contnu--oners, to take charge ol
the State's portion ot the McDonough estat when
they get it. The Legislature anticipates that thiswil
be soon.and is making the needful preparations.
1 tie board is to be composed ot three commissioners
ot whom one is to be the president, his salary to be
three thousand dollar* a year, and the others “fifteen
hundred each. They ere to hold office (or a term o
two years, and to g ve bonds to the amount of titty
thousand dollars each for their fidelity. Their duties,
saiar.-s and bonds are to date from'the period whin
the ~w ha* decided in tavor otltie State.t.id the prop- *
erty comes into their pos*-sion.
CCf The coinage at the Philadelphia mint, for Feb :
ruaty. amounted to $2,992,619 in go.d ‘i tte receipts
ol g0,.1 dust during the same lime, were $3,000,000.
71A -Letter from Meagher—A gentleman in New
\>nk I.. is received a lettet In.tn Mr Meagher, date
Ho’nt Town, August 28iit. 1851. .Mrs Mitchell and
<it dren bad arrived there in excellent health. Mr.
Mi c c-li nad taken a farm, upon the proceed* ol which
he line d* to support him- it and his family. O’Brien
und ms companions are well, hut teel intensely the
death i :.r existence which they are doomed i drag
out io .bat receptacle of dregs and outcasts of English
villainy.
£GU Ihe parties intere- ied In the “ Crystal Palace,”
to be got up at “ Reservoir Square,” are applying for n
chanet at Aidsny, as it seems it is imp >?stble to organ
ise such a>i exhibition niuier any ol the general law
now in torce. \\ e earnestly hope that no unnecessary
delay* mat be thrown m * .>* wav of an enterprise cal
culated to oe ot so tiiucft benefit in every way to this
city ai dto the country. It cannot fad to give nn im
pulse to ail kinds of industry,and to raise the standard
ot every branch of mechanic*.
We >ce it intimated that the American Institute
think of opposing the scheme. We earnestly hope
that nothing of the kind ntuy be done ft cannot tend
to promote the mteresisol those engngej in home labor,
to prevent an exposition of beautiful tump es of foreign
ski. . M ieh a course would be equally ulibrtal and inju
rious, and to none more so tl*an those engaged in it.
[Courier fit Enquirer.
Cur.aijek Wikofk Caged at Last—ln the list
Pans Assembler Nationale, (Feb. 19,} we find the fol- 1
low ing :
The following is from a Genoa journal of the H'h j
ult:—Seme curious debates have taken place within a
tew rays past at the Tribunal of the First Instance
rhe case wa * that >l the illegal abduction of .Mis* G.
C. G u: e, by M. Henry Wikoff, an American, wbo
endeavored to obtain a promise of marriage, or. tailing
in that, he desired at least to possess halt her fortune.—
Ixu is \ annaod, a Frenchman, ecu tier of ihe la Jy, and a
Genoese mined Louis Cavailurie, were accused of
being his accomplices. ’I he last named wae acquitted,
and ihe two others—Mtkolfand Vannaud—were sen- t
tenced to prison Jorfitteru months each.
Poor Chevalier V\ ikoft’s career is stopped at last
An authentic history ot his life, expedients, tricks im
postures, and queer doings, would be equal to any ro- i
nianee.trr tn Don Quixotte to Turn Jones. When we
were in Europe, last summer, the Chevalier was busily i
engaged in trotting about Philosopher Greeley to see I
the fusil onable people ot Paris. He afterwards visiied
England,on a mission, as he said, to strike up a match !
bei ween a dagliter of Mr. Lawrence, the Ameiican i
M iiittei, and Prince Napoleon Bonaparte, the son of
Jerome—not the Prince President. When in England,
be thought al-o ot doing u little of matrimony on his
own ; rcootn ; but ihe lady would not consent. He
prosecu’ed hi* suit, followed the lair one. has got him
sel) ai -t‘‘caged.cribbed,confined” for fiiteen month*, !
with the li f* nf hit prestige and ptosiiion in the social ]
and diplomatic affairs of the Old World. He professed
perlect intimacy with Lout# Napoleon, Lord Palmer- ■
!,!, dalt the distinguished men in Funpe. Intact,
j** Chevalier trequenity hmftrd tliat he was often em- !
p.oyert iy Palmerston and the American government j
o difticultinternational di-putes and cairy on ■
E® ‘,c ate t.oii.u-Bl intrigue?. *
..e - .ci L ikoff was a perlect origauai, in Lis own ;
j way—talented polite, geniletnaniy, unprincipled, un
acntpu'on*. s‘!fi*h, mean, diplomatic, sneakii|g, polish
ed. cowardly, lying, imaginative,amusing, witty scan
jda’tous.and lull of talk of every kind. Hi* authentic
• history, i;h all his correspondence, would be worm
ten thousand dollars for the copyright.
The New French Court Dress —The costume to
ihe worn hv .hose honored with mv.tattoos to the I uil
ieriesislobeconmosedoladresscoat wuhbutumsma.k
ied with an eagle; trousers with stripes at the sti.e,
! French hat with white or Wack plume, and sword with
Lilt nr silver hilt. Embrotdery of gold, silver, or blue
or red siik, with olive, o:,k or palm haves will serve
i by its variety toestabltsli a seriesol difference* between :
I ;he va io'J# corp* and functionaries. Tite Senate is to
1 have palm or olive leaves embroidered in gold on the j
j collar, cuffs, pockets and breast ; the coat i* to he bur
, dered every where with an ornament of waving fines in \
gold, whic . charactetize the highest (unctions. ‘lhe
eagle on the button i* to be w ith outspread w-ftl-is over
an extended mauilr, coiling to mind the Senate and
die peerage.
All for Charity.—One of the Counsel in the (tie
trial of Wuits m. Fot rest, luv assauil ami battery, in
formed the jury that the am unt ot the verdict ren
dered in favor of Willis, after paying hi* tour lawyers,
would be rievoted to charity. M e undeistatid that
Forrest has bought up “judgements'’ against Wiliisai
ten cent* on the dollar, so that lie discharge* tli - ver
dict at a rosi of only about Uco hundred nnd Jifty dot
hit s This i.-w iiat would be termed in Wail s ieet m
shrewd bn*t n'ss transaction.
Pennsylvania Democratic 8 rxru Convention
The dispatch which we publish y—*terd .v, ot -be pro
ceedings ot Inis Conwnthiti :n I’iiursday, was up to
the time ot ill- nomination ot Mr Buchanan as the I
j choice of thr Democratic party of the tfiate tor the j
• Presidency The following proceedings lock place ■
1 subseq lenity :
A resoliit c.il was offered authorising the President ol
[ the convention to appoint a committee of one for each j
I Congressiocul district, to ttqioit to the convention,sub i
j ject to it- approbation, ih- nau-.e# of IJelegatesto lepre
, sent this S’i'e m iie National (hnivemn-n ; and that
‘no ones Kiuli ii- ooupnated who is not known to be
j the firm iriei.d oi Mr Buchanan, ai.d having no otii-i
! preferences ; wfiicli was amended by Mr. Scott, ot j
; Humingdii.i, to ihi- effect that the delegate# from the i
several Congiessional district* be requested io report to
! ihisconvenu .il the name ot one person from each dis
trict as a d-.eg;it.‘ to the Baltimore Convention, to
| nominate candidates tor President and Vice President.
; Avery exciting and animaietl debate upon thisques
;in crsu* and. pendi g which the convention adjourned 1
Ito meet at o’clock, P. M.
r ruing Session. —Ttie convention met at half-past
7 o'; lock. I’lie discussion on tlie re.-oiutum and
amendment, m reference to the appointment of dele
gitesro the Baitimore Convention, was resumed and
; continued. Many warm speeches were tna e<m both
sides, atier winch, the amendments weie all vested
down !>y uu si decisive votes, and the original resoiu- j
tion adopted by a voteof9l to4l. ‘ihe chair declined j
j to vote.
Mr. Scott,of Huntingdon, on behalf of hims<!fand
otheis. presen ed it paper,signed by twenty four defe.
’gates, protesting, m the most emphatic and decided
terms, again#’ the action of the majority, ami express*
j ing a determination to decline participating auy Inrther
; in the selection of delegates to the N itionnl Convention.
, The paper is quite lengthy, and the language exceed
ingly strong
Mr Hitti moved to refer it to a committee of five
members ‘j tie motion was violently opposed bv the !
Cass dt legate*, who denounced it as an attempt to !
stiff* the protest.
.Mr. Hirst defended ilia motion, and it finally pre- j
iv.aiied, and the President announced Mr. Hirst as I
ichuirman of the coaim tlee, consisting ot iwi-nty-lour !
: niembets.
A committee, consist ng of five members, Mr. Hu- 1
gus, chairman, was appointed to prepare resolutions, I
1 to t> • suDiini ed to the action of ihe convention.
ihe conveiitn n then auj. urued, to meet at Ilf o’- |
ei i k yesterday morning.
Tile Cass men, lit and out of the convention, loudly
’condemn the course puteued by the Buchanan men,
’ who appear, however, to take tilings very quietly.
[Baltimore Sun.
1 he Departed Spirit of Chivalry.
’ The brave lew wholeei or seem to <et-l that upon !
j them rest the honor .and glory of our State, are now :
1 bitierly weep ng for her deputed spirit. Tbeir solitary j
-vaiiiiig*, bon e ovei the ea in s-a ot ‘h* present, fall
1 upon the eai mi urnlul and mstie.-smu a.* ihe t uu wild
cry ot ill in irdcird I’he bro Ken inerted Lear.weep
j mg for the degeneracy of bis tigress daugliters, oi bar
tug tils silvered head to the wild lury ol ihe eienifVits, j
was never more a fit object for sympathy, than are |
these mourners for tire dead spirit of chivalry. Poor 1
homeless exiles! One. only one State was woriiiv of |
! them, and now where shall they turn since she has l.il
teied,stooped and disgraced ? In thi*, their hourof in- j
utit rable soriow, we wou'd fain act towards them the j
part of a true comforter, for it grieves, deeply gneve*
us to see their sad tares, and to hear lUeir s.de swell- 1
mg sobs. \\ neri therefore they sadly speak ol life as a :
burd-n scaice desirable, since tiie honor, courage, and I
.spirit of their State, all are gone, we would in kindness \
and sympathy, p-rsuade them that this is but one ol i
iheir maniac dreams. In liieir phrensy they goaded |
heron to suicide, and now must take the relusai of her j
sober reason tor the halting* of a coward spirit. Cow- j
trd l No, never. They basely slander her, who say ‘
mat this,our nobie Btaie, has ever (altered n tier high 1
:otir#e, and no true sons ol her* are tliey who affect to ;
weep over her dishonor. That her enemies should be- |
le her and street ingly inscribe a monument to her de- 1
sarted chivalry, would excite no wonder, tor the base !
tlways bate the brave and the noble. But tor those !
who claim t> be her sons, worthy ct her, to set up a I
vailing for her disgrace, is .tself ;he deepest disgrace |
hat she can suffer.
It is not courage. but only despair, that prompt* to !
uicide, and it is Quixotism, not chivalry .that tilts at a i
•viiid-miil. 1 here lore, the courage and cnivalry ol [
South Carolina .are not to tie questioned because site j
teclines to doeith -r. In this sne asks no chosen few
©decide for her, what s brave und spirited. Her lion- !
*r, unlike the g >1 fen apples, needs no dragon to guard I
t. Nor is it necessary ihut sue be always bent upon ‘
Je*per:ite venture*, lest t>ols should doubt her spirit.— ‘
Phenames or her heroes are not yet fotgotten, and he j
who would couple her name with coward will cower j
md tremble, as the word upon fits tongue shall conjure j
ip the indignant ghosts ot her Marion, her Sumpter !
nd her Butler 111-ink God, that she can point to >
nnre enduimg monuments ol her chivalry than the |
iravadoes ol those who affect shame tor tier present
■osit on The leccsscsot l;er swantjis, tlie graves at i
JhiTubasco, and tite fierce charge of Chapultepec,shall !
:onu ue m ted the.r story when this noisy heath of j
here talkers shall he hushed. Then hushed be their j
vailing* now Eel these hired mourners spare tor ;
mother time anc some other scene their scalding tears
iitd their stiff ;ug sobs, fiou'h Carolina can well dis
>ense wth these funeral ceremonies, for her ancient
pirn not only n ve* now, hut it sh ill long survive the
neinory of ih • Pvegaud Heed- <d these self appointed
;ua tdi.ih# ol iif rn nor —Siuthcrn Standard.
< *
Kabnn tiap Hailrouu.
Our readers are aware that the Chaiiesioniana have !
hreatened to build a road through the Rabun Gap, in ‘
he North-Eastern corner of tin- State, and thus con- j
iect their city l ya continuous line of Railway with
he Tennessee improvements. Their prnless.-d object
sto avoid the obstruction of the bridge at Augusta.—
dy holJtng tlie Rabun Gap project in tirrorem over
he people of Augusta, they flutter themselves tlmt they
vill be able to frighten them into a compliance with
heir vvi-hes. to connect the Hamburg and Georgia
{ailroad*. Having filled thus lartnePeftoconi.ee*
u>n a’ Augusta, the Charlestonians have turned their
mention to the Rabun Gap route, as much from a
ee ling of spile towards Augusta as Inina d> sire to
lerfect their Railway connections w ith the West
We observe that a few of the papers in th s State
iave kindly assumed the task ol warning Augusta
zafost the foiiy of her course. They tell her to be
lv: .r oil ev-tgraiceo Cuarl-ston. N >-v, we uider
<fe to sav. that the contemplated Railroad through
-ie Rabun Gap w iff never be built—and lor two ieasoit9.
’irsi : No Railroad, so tar as our know edge extends,
vs ever projected .ami carried through front a feeling
•t veng-ance or tlisappointineut. It was hut two years
igc that all G-ir.pi and S >it i-'Gro iua, “and ihe
-est of unit kutd,” assembled at Macon, in this Btate,
o provide lor the construction ol a road from that
,oim. via Si ver Bluff, to Charleston ; bin as the move
nent had ns or gin in a temporary feeling ot vexation
md opp sition. it turned out ns great :t failure as a ;
■crlain other Convention, wh ch met ai Macon about
i year later. It requires something more substantial
md current ill in local ill feeling tosu-iain gr-at public
nt rpr.zes. .Money and labor, and not rage and preju-
Jice.are means, aid the on y means, wuh which
o construct and equip Railroads.
Our second reason for t-eiievirg ihe road will not be j
ouiji is. that it w u 1 rn n the C > rle*ton a til H unbnrg !
road, or so sern-u-ly injure it as to remh r the further i
working ol il a losing business. The bulk ot thestock ;
in that road .* held m Charleston, and it is not too j
much to say, the holdet* of it wiff to a man oppo-e tlie j
new project, the •munent they understand the effect it
will meviiably have upon ih ir present road. Can the j
Kabuu Road be earned through without their eo-opern I
tion! niid.tl it cun, i- it probai le tlini Chat lesion will |
be blind eooug t u alienate lr->m her the sympathies, 1
and driv avun ihebttsines*. of Augu-ta mdtheinirri- j
jor counties ot Geoigia, vvh.ch now currj lliitlier their
I produce !
! Witcu the people of C.iarleston shall have waxed so
strong nnd prosperous as io hr- able to dispense with
ail further connections with thi* Site, ani shall have
discovered a way by which revenge nnd disappoint
ment can be made available substitute* for money and
labor, in the c ii*truction ol Railroad*, then ifo-ir
Rabun or North-Western project will be successful
IJinil these ihicg* occur, we niusi be excused lor be
lieving that the whole movement will end in—smoke
[Sav. Republican.
The .Tloinio:!*.
A writer in the National who signs j
lumseif “ A Californian re affirms the report ol >.
Mormon revolution at ?-all Lake. Ihe w riter says lie
left California on the 16th of December, and that the
rupture between the Mormons and tiie L. S. author!
ties was known at Bacraiueoto, at least eight weeks
1 before he left. He aJds:
“ Although the delegate from the Territory of Utah
. disbelieve* the statement brought by the last stcamei
i front California, vet 1 uni satisfied that lie is in error.
I beffeve every word of it. in tact, it does not surprise
; the people ot Oregon and California. We had all been
j looking lor news ol open defiance on ihe part of tiie
I Mormons to the authority ot the United Stales. Tiie
i great body of these people are English chartists and
. the rest are made up of fanatics and enthusiast* ot our
•own country and other parts of the world. 1 have no
J hesitation in saying that the statement brought by the
(last mail will be confirmed, and that the Government
t will have to take some very decided means to subdue
md restrain these peo|i!e, or they will do immense
; damage to life and property.”
MACON. GEORGIA.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH IT.
ORDINARY BLANKS
We have on hand a complete assortment of legal
Bialik*—those to be used by Ordinaries having been
carefully revised and ndajited to the new organization
of our Courts of Ordinary.
HOUSTON COUNTY UNION MEETING.
The Constitutional Union Party of Houston coun
ty. are requested to meet at Perry, < Tuesday, the
j Cth day of April next, lor the purpose of selecting dele
gates to represent them in the Convention, to be held
in 3ftliedgevilie on the 22d of April next. A foil at
tendance is requested. MANV UNION MEN.
N <t it;-.
Persons tendin'.’ money by mail, due tite Journal
and JUes*ctts-< r Ojdce, prior to the I#/ day rs Jan last,
or writing on business of tbe Old L'niu, will please
address Thomas B. Goulding, Macon. •
‘Io Our kaUseribcrs.
in the change which has recently taken place in :
the proprietorship of this pßper, Mr. Chapman* ;
interest in the stock was purchased by J. i- Nisbet, ]
. together with all the accounts due the Office, sioce j
j tlie Ist of January, ltfo‘2. Mr. Rose remaining in the j
j concern, no change has been made in the firm name, j
; In collecting the accounts due prior to the Ist of Jan , •
! 1852, which belong to S Ro*e and 8. T. Chapman, j
Mr. Chapman insists upon tlie full rates o! subscrip .j
tion. or 00 per annum. This, Mr Chapman has a “
iL’lit to do. as the published rates ol the paper are ;
s39oper annum, when not paid in advance. What ‘
| we wish our subscribers to know is, that this exac
tion is made without the approval or consult of Mr.
Rose, who still remains a proprietor of the paper,
and who i equally interested with Mr. Chapman in 1
tiie accounts prior to the Ist of January, 1852.
<iit r Columns.
We would direct the attention of our readers to
the letter of C. P. Holcomb, addressed to Dr. Win.
Terrell, of Sparta, which will be found in another
column It is devoted to the subject of Agriculture,
; ami particularly to tbe use of guano, as a manure f
an i though it is long, those interested in the subject
of Agriculture, will be ampiy re paid, in the valuable
information it furnishes, for a careful perusal of it.
In our editorial columns, will be found a communica
tion signed,” Inion Democrat;” upon the subject of
the late extraordinary speech of Mr. Chastain, in
the House of Representatives. The author of this
caaarßunication, is a geutlcman extensively known
| in Georgia, who lias been honored with high < fl'cc,
| by tbe Democratic Party of tlie State. For Demoe
-1 racy, ami for Union Democrats, be can speak cx ca
thedra. A disapproval of Mr. Chastain's speech, and
a disavow al of his right to pledge in advance, the,
support of the U.ffon Democrats of Georgia, to the f
Baltimore nominee,comes with a greater aptomh, di- j
redness nnd force, from such r source, than 1 hey 1
would from us ; aud we have therefore cheerfully j
yielded our columns to him.
By request of Dr. Robert E. Martin, Ulerlt if [
the Supreme Court, we publish the following sections
of an Act, passed by tlie last Legislature, approved J
‘22nd January, It'J'i, to which we would call the atten- ,
tion ol members ol the Bar, and Clerks of the Superior !
Court*.
Sec. 2. “.4/iri he it further ennried, That the oritri- !
nal billot exceptions, utter being filed itt ihe Clerk’s
Office of the Superior Court shall be copied bv tbe
Cfoik tfiercd. nnd ‘the copy retained by butt and filed
(n office, and the oiigiuui gent up with tlie papers in
the cause.”
“S-c. 7. And be it further enacted , That all causes
in eituer the Supreme or Superior Courts of tins Stale
may be tried under the provisions of this act. or of
those ol which it is amendatory, until the Ist day of j
M-y next, when this act shall repeal ail laws and parts j
oflaws militating against any of it# provisions.”
I
Beware of Counterfeiters.
Rumors, \Ve understand are in circulation in some
ofibe neighboring counties, calculated to injure the
Savannah Banks. These rumors are started by a gang
of counterfeiters, and are a part of a systematic scheme
of swindling. They first decry some particular bank- i
ing institution, and then offer to take its bills at a dis- |
count, exchanging for them, well #xecu(ed counterfeit*, I
principally on the Banks of S Carolina. No credit i
should be given to the*e rumors.
Report of Directors of South-Western !
Ralltom!.
We omitted to notice, lust week. Ihe pamphlet laid !
upon our table,containing the reports ol the President
and Engineer of the South-Western Railroad Compn- •
ny. We are gratified to see from their exhibits, that j
the Road under their control is in a prosperous condi- i
tion, and <hat a dividend of 8 percent, maybe easily
declared ttjvon the Slock at (lie end of the year. One
fact is disclosed in these Reports, to which we desire
to call the attention of the Planter* of South-Western
Georgia. It is 'hat, for this Road, in which they are
particularly interested, and the benefits of which they
particularly enjoy, they h ive paid off - less than
hiO of the $700,009 which it cost. And we do this in
order to urge upon them, ihe propriety and the neces
sity of aiding more liberally in the efforts which are
now being made to extend this Road beyond Ogle
thorpe, to the great Cotton-growing region of South-
Western Georgia.
Another fact stated in these reports, which arrest
ed our attention, is, that the number of passengers
conveyed over the Road, lias averaged one hundred
nnd fifty a day; conclusive evidence of tlie large
amount of travel it will command, when it is extend
ed to the Chattahoochee. We givj below, an ah
stractof tbe operations ofthe Itoad, np to tbe 31st of
January from tbe Report ot its efficient President,
L. O. Reynolds, Esq. In this connection, we would
direct the attention of our readers to the correspon
dence which will be found in another column, be
tween J M. Clark, Esq .of Stewart, and U. R- Cuy
ler, of Savannah, upon the subject of the extension of
the South Western Rail Road to Eufaula, It i®
Mr. Clark's opinion, that the success ofthe enterprise
is dependent upon the people of South Western
Georgia. The extension of this Road, is a very im
portant matter to that portion of the State, and we
may add, to the city of Macon—as she will be less in
jured by it, the farther it progresses beyond Ogle
thorpe.
The earnings ofthe Road, since the commencement
of business have been $76,532 33
Tbe current expenses during the above
period have been 2*5 9ffo 51
Lcaviug tbe net profits for tlie f.a’f year... 4i,GO'J 2
Union Meeting in Crawford County.
A meeting of the Constitutional Union Party of
Crawford county was held at the Courthouse in
Knoxville, on the 10th March, 1852, when, on motion
of David S. Worsham, Esq., George Moore. Esq.
wa* appointed Chairman, and John Hampton, Esq.,
was appointed Secretary.
David S. Worsham, Esq., explained tiie object <>
tiie meeting to be to appoint delegates to meet the
Constitutional Union Partv of Georgia in Convention
at Mtiledgeville. During his remarks, he decidedly op
posed the policy ol sending delegates to either of the
National Conventions.
Samuel Rutherford, Esq , t'uen offered the following
resolutions:
Hr solved, That in accordant;* with a request of a
port on of the Constitutional Union Party ol Georgia,
assembled nt Milledgevdle in January inst. we appoint
delegate? to meet the Constitutional Union Party ot
Georgia at Milledgeville, on die 22nd of April next
Resolved, That it is the decided opinion of tlie
Union Party of Crawford county, that it would be
impolitic for tin*Constitutional Union Party of Georgia
to send delegates to either ol tlie proposed NiUoiial
Conventions.
Rf silcrd. That the Chairman appoint a Committee
of nine, to select ihree suitable person* to represent the
Union Party of Craw bird county in the contemplated
: Convention m Milledgeville.
The abive resolutions were passed with entire uni
ninthy, when Samuel Rutherford, W. \V. Trippe
John Carter, David G. Worsham, John Strinbridgc,
Francis R. Turner. Benjamin Ligluioot. Alien Mc-
Carthy and John W . Dent wei* appointed tiie Com
mittee of nine. Tiie Committee retired and reported j
tlie name* ol Dolphin Davis, Francis R Turner and j
W. W. Trippe us suitable dt legates, which selec toiis ;
were unanimously ratified,by tlie meeting.
On motion of S. Rutherford, E*q , tiie proceedings j
we;e ordered to be sent to the Journal and Messen
ger and Grorgij Citizen ol Macon, with a request
that they he publish*d, to K t the position ol ‘lie
Constitutional Union Party of Crawford county lie
known.
On motion, the meeting then adjourned.
GEORGE MOORE, Chairman.
John II amt ion, tsecretary.
The Mechanic Arts.
Providence has endowed our State with all tl.e ele
ment? of wealth and g -eat ness, necessary to tlie high
est degree of social and inonitary prosperity. She has
a various and salubrious climate —a rich and divers fi- and
; soil — staples more numerous than belong to any oi Itt
sisters—access to the Ocean and to the Mississippi val
ley: minerals, water nnd timber#,and a population wlttw-e
enterprise, hardihood and intelligence, when developed
i and wisely directed, will be unsurpassed by any people
j ofthe world. At th s moment she is prepared to Hart
! in a career of commercial and industrial improvement,
j with the advantage of railroads, which intersecting her
: broad vailies and piercing Iter mountains, may transfer
| her products of agriculture orth • arts, to favorable mar
kets, from every section of her wide-spread territory.—
No State, whatever may he its physical advantages,
nn hr great or rich, without free and permanent in = li
rations. The institution of Property, is ihe foundation
upon which all civilization rest# ‘i he right to •con
inui'rte property, and its protection when realized, are
indispensable to national prosperity. The ownersh p
and the security in ownership of property, whether
made or inherited, by n steady administration ot equal
laws, are the first great conditions precedent to a pros
perous commonwealth. These, and the right of dis
nasal nnd of trnn#mi : on, guarantied by the !nw,nre
j the incentives to industry nnd m enterprise and th a ir
! reward They stimulate to effort —thev lend to success
i and all these tilings belong to ns as a birthright. Our
J laws,both fundamental nnd derivative, protect proper y.
t Onr enterprise is not lettered by legal restraints, or and s
‘ oonraged by social easts. Not only is property protect
ed hv low, but the inventions ofgeniusand the products
!of skiff, a r e esp“eiallv protected bv the patent laws of
‘the Union. With the possession of property, are in
j separably connected the social advantages of wealth.—
1 So that he. who by enterprise, industry and skill, in
vents a machine, or discovers anew element of me
| chanical power, or anew combination of known ele
ment®, or introduces a useful art, or breaks down nn
absurd industrial prejudice, or diverts cnpit-’l from nn- |
: remunerntingchannels, issure of his reward—a reward,
j we may add, ‘hat not unfrequently embraces the high
jest social nnd political distinction. Such is tlie phys
ical nnd social aspect of Georgia, and yet with all these
; advantages, she has only to a limited extent realized the
bb--sings which the useful arts bestow. By wise legis
j!ntioti,she has don; something to promote their intro
jduciion, and a few enterpiising men among her citi
jzens, have done much towards the =nme object, by de
| moos! rating, in the face of discouraging causes, that art
is productive ns well as agriculture ; that a cotton fac
tory—man iron foundry—or a bucket manufactory—or
s gin simp—or a paper mill—or n tannery-*-©!- the hat
ters’ block, will pay as we!! ns commerce or the cotton
plant. How then shall we introduce, more nt large,
the mechanical arts? This is the question which wc
propose briefly to consider. T’lie theme is a full one,
and would justify great labor and minute elaboration.—
What can be said within the limit* prescribed, must be
J briefly *aid. Outlines must suffice without details—
i hints without specifications.
; In considering tlie subject of the introduction of the
j mechanical arts more generally into our State, the ne
\crssHy ofthe measure first strikes the inquirer. A
( class has always existed among po'itionl theorists nnd
j economists, who deprecate the increase and diffusion
!of mecl anical art, who think the whole industry of a
j people should he expended in agriculture, and who
| sigh for the primitive simplicity of that golden age of
jno luxuries, and few wants, when all men literally
observed the condition of the curse, “ In the sweat of
,'by hr->w shah thou “at thy bread ” Many individuals,
j-r our *ji*!®r modi ving the extreme opinions of ‘hi®
class, entertain the opinion that the labor of our entire
-Tate should he employed in agriculture. We do not
propose to argue this grave qnesti nos State economy.
We wou’ i si n;dy refer such individuals to significant,
exis'ing facts, in the present condition of ‘he nations of
tbe earth, demonstrating that their dignity, independ
ence and happiness are dependant upon a division of <
labor and diversity of employment, and that the
greater weight and wealth of some of them, in com-
parison with the rest, are mainly attributable to the
greater extent to which they have carried this diversity,
by the introduction of the mechanic arts. These arts
have already worked stupendous changes in the
industry of entire nations, and in the commercial rela
tions of the globe ; and we have only seen, as yet, the
1 beginning of the end. What a vast space do these
art® occupy ? They sweep over a surface beginning
• with the simplest wants of the poor, and extending to
i the luxurious indulgences of Kings. They minister
| to infants in the cradle which rocks them, and to em
| pires in the fleets and armies and railroads and tele
i graphs, which harmonize or convulse them.
! Thpy give labor to tfll—kpep at home the wealth
i which agriculture creates, and Increases it an hundred
fold—make a people independent thcmsplves, and ne
cessarv to iheir neighbors, and ri ! governments of
! many of the evils of a surplus population. Population,
i where they flourish, becomes, as it should he, tlie true
criterion of a nation’s strength ; whereas, inagricnltu
ral countries, it becomes slowly, hut inevitably, the
true criterion of its weakness and corruption. Bv
these arts, commerce is created, fostered and in
creased, and in its turn it gives employment to labor
increases international intercourse, breaks down the
|harrier of prejudice and ignorance, and makes the
jknowled - e of all nations the common property of each,
i England is a striking illustration of these truths. It is
an Island ofsmall area,comparatively, with no peculiar
‘advantages of position, and laboring under the disad
vantages of an ungenerous soil, of an tingenial clime,
ind of a crowded population. And yet, England is
the controlling power among nations, social'y, politi
cally and commercially—the seat of the highest civili
zation, and the centre of a colonial system, radiating
ntoevery part ofthe world. Tlie secret ofthe strength
>nd influence and happiness of England i®, that it is
nfficinn gentium" —the work shop ofthe nation®
The world pays tribute to the labor and industry ol
England—a labor and industry which is as diversified
■is the wants of civilization are various. And in th®
’ ace of progress and struggle for pre-eminence, which
hall hereafter take place among nations, the victory
(must be determined, not by force, not by geographical
Jaosition, not by the relative amount of agricultural
.products, not by territory, not by population ; hut by
’■ndustrial enterprise, by the wisdom shown by each in
j fiversified applications of labor and skill. They who
: vho would make the Southern States purely ngrb-ul
urnl or planting communities, would cause us to be
listanced in the race, and doom us to a perpetual in
lustrial vassalage to foreign nations and to the North
ern States ot the Union.
If then national dignity, independence, prosperity
md progress, depend so much upon the diversity of
abor created by the mechanic arts, let us calculate the
leeessity to ns, of their introduction, by a view of our
loverty in them. We pay itt part for the making of the
’bread we eat, for the clot It that clothes us, (or the bed
-1 iteads on which we sleep, for the refined sugar which
j t veetens our tea, for the boots which protect our feel,
or the hats which cover us, (or the confections which
>ur children consume, for the pins which fasten the
} Irapery of our wives and daughters, for the leather
Uvhtch shoes our negroes, for the ploughs which tun
■ iur soil, and fora thousand other articles of domestic
md plantation use, as well as for the ships which n.av
j gate onr waters, and lor the engines which propel
j hem. These, which we hive enumerated, are arti
flea not so much of luxury, as of necessity—articles
:o, wit oil we can easily make at home. We have no
means ot ascertaining the anmunl <>f money winch
J we annually pay for the product* of foreign .art cmi
-1 stinted in Georgia. It is, however,counted by millions.
Nothing farther is necessary to be said, to demon
strate tit™ necessity of tlie introduction of the mecitan
j ic art? into Georgia.
I Thr first thing to be done, in order to introduce these
j arts, is to remove thosehitidrances which exclude them,
j What ore they? They arenot physical —they nre not
I political—lint are they legal. They may, for want of
{a more appropriate designation, he called moral; and
the first to which we would direct attention, are the
universal culture of cotton, nnd some ot the inci
dents, growing out ot this culture. We have been,
and are still too much under the tyranny ofthe cotton
; plant. From the first settlement ol tlie colony,planting
-lias been the habitual pursuit of our people, or what
I may be lermeJ our national industrial usage. Few
j despotisms are more unrelenting than that of indus
jtria 1 usage. We ire inclined to Jo what our fathers
i have done before us. We lov • the “old ways”—we
’let “well enougn” alone, and had rather endure the
I iff* to which we are accustomed “than fly to those we
| know not of” High profits too, have iieen generally
i made in investment# in land* and tv groes lor the cul
lture of cotton, so that, in any attempt tocreateadi
’ version of labor from this channel, we are met by the
obs'acies which interest, habit and custom present.
Another imp cdiim nt to the introduction of the’ u;ts
incident t* the culture of e> trail, is tiie laise senti
neiil that manual labor is degrading. It is not uui-
versnl.bu* it certainly prevails to nn injurious extent.
r J’he presence of slavery is doubtless the source of it
Because servitude is d**gradin ‘, we erroneously con
clude th it the lab >r which slaves perform is alsodegra- i
ding. Whilst upon this point, we inay remark, that
the labor to he employed in the mechanic ars, in the
very nature of the ease, is not the labor which stave*
I perform, and must continue to perform. They are an l
must continue to he employed in the culture of ricean.i
cotton, and ii menial service—that is. the service
which in-d >or servants perform. Beyond those me
chanical pursuits, to which it is thp custom of the
country to put our slaves, au l which are very p-ofi able,
there is a wile ft Id open for geniu*. enterprise and
skill, to the exploration of which, the negro, by reason
of natural inferiority, want ot education, and his con
dition as a slave, is wholly imeompr-tent. This is the
field for the wh te laborer, in which lie imbedded mines
ol wealth, richer than the placers of California. We
are not to he understand as saying, tint white labor
should not b* etnp! iV"d in the culture ot cotton , or tha
slave labor may not be employed in farming, or in
manufictutitig, ot ip any form ot mechanical industry.
It is the right of the slave-owner to put his negroes to
any service, not forbid !en by the law of the State—to
make them mechanics, if he desires it. We mean
simply to ass *rt that the division of labor indicated, is
that which, in tiie nature of things, in this State, must
always substantially obtain ; and we draw thence the
inference, that aversion to manual; labor is not well
founded in the identity of mechanical with slave labor
Another impediment to the introduction et the me
chanic aits, incident to the culture of cotton, is the
emigration to New States, 10 which it necessarily gives
ti-e The poor man 3eiis his lands Jo ins wealthy
tv iglibor.Gnd goes West ; hia wealthy neighbor ex
hanrts them, ami follows him. No accumulation o
capital, no industrial progress,can be made where!hi*
is perpetually recurring.
B -sides th •-e obstacles to the introduction of the i
mechanic arts into Georgia, incident to the cuiture of j
i our great staple, there are others, such ns a want of j
knowledge and skill in the aits, and a belief, that be
c u*e of priority in position and pre-occupancy of mar
kets, with the advantage of experience, and already
large accumulations of capital which they have, it j*
impossible to compete successfully with England and
the Northern State?; Fiance, Holland, Switzerland
and other States, which have for years supplied us, a*
w r ell as the markets of the world.
Now, if the State or individuals, would remove the
difficulties to which we have advetted, it behoove* in
dividuals and the State, first and foremost, to promote
knowledge among men. Knowledge is necessary to
teach what interest is. All despotisms—the despotism
of custom, of prejudice,as well as ot Kings, must tail at
th<-approach of knowledge. The object then is, by
enlightening them, to convince the people of Georgia
that it is their interest to make every thing which they
need—nay more, that it is ilu-ir interest to manufacture
forex jja 11 J foreign consumption. We wish them lar
ger to fin I out, tint that cotton-growing does not pay,
but tit it ati id; will piy as well or better, We want
hem to know lh.it in G -orgia, industry and skill are
capital, as well is in M issicnusetts. We wish the ar
isin to feel, tint no man is more to be honored, than i
he who who is the artificer of his own fortunes—wheth
er he works them out at the bar or the anvil—at the !
Printer’s case or in the Painter’s studio. To bring j
about a knowledge of the relations o! trade—the rela
tive v ilu • of c filings—lie condition of the cotton-busi
ness— of wo it constitutes character—to eradica e pre
judice, a.1.1 in short to tu ike a State great, and a peopl*
ricti; no m eins are so available as to educate the peo
ple. Co.n no t education is an industrial necessity.—
li you would 15.ve to the Georgian that self-respect—
that independence—that real dignity of character
which would induce him to enter upon a life of ine
ohanicil labor in the presence ot cotton planting and
slavery—you must educate him. Peach hun to read,
to write and to think. Teach these things to the whole
ma-s, and soon, very soon, the hum of machinery
would mingle with the roar of our water-tails, and the
pioducts of our art compete with the produc ts of our
s >il.
Something more than common and limited knowl
; edge, among the people at large, is necessary. Beyond
this, science is necessary to success in many of the
useful arts. It may be conceeded, that, for the most
part, practical knowledge alone is requisite. But, not
a few ot the arts of common life depend upon the law*
which regulate matter—the law of forces—of hydruul
icks—of mechanics—of gravitation—of chemical af
finity , iSI-c. Fortified with all knowledge', whether prac
tical or speculative, which illustrates asubject, science
originates and urt executes. Art is the useful hand -
.naid of science. Improvement can not be ma de with
out the latter. Thus, the applications of steam to ma.
cln iery, and oi lightning to the purposes of the trans
ini--101l of intelligence, by winch these mighty agents
are made the strong and swilt servants of man—h- g
Caliban and his Ariel —meekly to obey the magic
wand of his knowledge, are the triumphs of science
rather than of art. It we would compete successfully
with others, lor foreign markets, we must, in the me
chanic arts improve, invent and originate. To “let
well enough alone,” is not, in this age, and in this mat
ter, a sound prudential maxim. YVe must progress,
and, for this, science is necessary. Since then, science
is so necessary (o the arts, let us educate our sons, not
with a view to the professions—to professors’chairs, or
to learned leisure and elegant literaiure ; but with
direct reference to some particular mechanical
pursuit. A sufficient number ot the young men of
the country to supply the demand, tor scientific opera
tion-, ought to tie itius educated.
The want of practical knowledg is lobe supplied
ia the same way A native capable ot putting into
operation, and successfully conducting a w oi or cot
ton mill tstarely tobe found at tireSoufii. Fitness lor
sacli service is not an instinct, nor doe?science bestow
it. practical skill istiie result ofexperience. It is to be
required by training. M-n must be educated into it,
and they must go where the education can be had.—
They mu-t serve an apprenticeship to the business they
propose to conduct.
VV ith a view to the diffusion of knowledge,upon ail
subj'-cis connected with the arts—to elevate the char- i
aeterof the mechanical classes, and to give dignity to
labor, Mechanics Associations or L'jceums, are ob
viously exp'diem. YVe repudiate any aueli idea, as the
creation of social and industrial casts, with either in
terest or leehngs in antagonism witli those ot the bal
ance ot the community. YY’e only mean to say that M;-
c ianie? may and ought to use alt proper means to pro
mote their interests and improve their condition, as
well as any otli -r cla-s of the people. These Lyceums
should be devoted to the discussion of practical sub
jects, and not of metaphysical dogmas, or social theo
ries or political systems. Fiam articles on the business
of tiie in -c 11 nic classes, would suggest hin.s tor
practical use, inspire a habit of thought anil reading,
t id that would induce self-re.-peel and self reliance. .
3*lf-respect an Jselt-reliauce! —ttiese make the success -
ul revolutionist in commerce, murals, science, gov
ernment and arts.
Akin to these institutions, and of equal, perhaps
paramount importance, are Fairs lor the exhibition of
ihe pioducts of agriculture and art. it tshaidly possi
ble to overrate their value in developing the resources
of the State, and introducing into all the department*
ot industry, activity, diffusion and skill. Tirey afford
the wrongest argument in lavorot effort, by ocular il
lustration oi what is, m fact, doing, and of what is
actually practicable. One successful experiment is
worth a dozen ingenious theories. YV’e believe what
we see, and we depart encouraged to do likewise.—
They bring together, and exhibit, at one view, the
result-of many experiences—they awaken a spirit ot
emulation, and, by a system of premiums, give rewards
to merit.
To gu ud against uninformed expectation, let it be
understood, th it the intro iuotion o new pursuits, into
art agricultural and planting community, must be tbe
work of lime. By degrees or.lv can such changes be
accomplished. l, iit lie further understood, that agn
cu litre is not to be superseded.
Til - richness and extent ot our agricultural products,
and the immense amount of money which they furnish
us, i? only an ad litimiul argument for the intio luction
of th* arts; for liiis capital p;educes innumeiabl;
wants a id facilities tor their gratification, and at th;
same time.the princ pal ■ r:i les wliicti produce it, are
matt i oil im m iiiufacture conveniently at hand Gr< at
Britain, annually, make? fifty million pound* steiling
worth of emtou goofs, after tmustering our cotton
across; the Atlantic;, and realizes a profit; and she
makes thirty millions pounds sterling worth ot woolen
goods, from wool rased citieily at home and at the
s.n te time she employs one million of her people—ot
her adult population, successfully in agriculture, and
often ins an agricultural surplus. YY’liy is it, that we
ciinimi make cotton labrick- and reitize a profit, with
the cotton at oir door? YY by is if, that we connut
giow wool and make woolen goods? and why, to
come to tiie immediate point in hand, do we fear that
manufacture* may injure our agricultural interest?
•S ich is not the tact in England, rfueli will not be the
lac; with us. On the contrary, a partial diversion of
capital and labor will aid our agricultural interest, by
increasing consumption and lessening supply,and thus
keeping our great staple ai a remunerating price.
In conclusion, to recur to that unfortunate prejudice,
by wh eh manual labor is held in such disrepute among
us, and which constitutes the chief obstacle lo tiie intro
duction ot ihe mechanic arts into our State, we re
mark, that tune alone can remove it. But that time
is not i ar distant, when inherited wealth and social po
sition. will be lorced lo concede, that a hand may be
kindly and strong, though sometimes unwashed, and
a brow, the abode ot genius, though sometimes begrim
mr and w ith the soot and the sweat of toil. The time is
coming, when men shall recognize lhat mighty power
oi creation, formation and developetnent in labor , by
which its fields, its workshops, its mines and its count
less liu Dual ions every where,are made so many labora
tories ot character,ot physical and moral strength ; and
when lie who would write the great epicpf his age,
must sing, not “Anna vir unique? but,“Tool*and the
man.”
Mr. Chastain’s Speech.
Messrs Editors: —Among the extraordinary and
significant incidents of the day, the late speech of this
gentleman in Congress, cannot fail to arrest attention.
Mr. Chastain is one of the Union members from rhis
State. His speech possesses u twofold interest. First,
it is his debut —bis maiden *-fr >rt in Congress—and in
the next place, it seems to me, to possess in a highly
aggravated forth, the eiiarnrtnistie s o‘ what our Mexi
can neighbors are accustomed to cal! a Pronnncinmc.n
to. In plain Englisb.it is nothing more nor less, than
th; Hon. gentleman’s formal, studied and and liberate
declaration of rebellion against the Union Party. He
has hoisted, at n venture, the standard of Secession from
its ranks,and lias clone so in the manifest experta
'ion that the great body of the Union Democrats of
Georgia will obey fi.** signal be bos given, and hasten
to desert the Union Flag, in utter disregard of all the :
high and sacred considerations which bind them ns i
members of the Constitutional Union organization.
The speech bears on its face, the marks of having
been prepared with the utmost labor and care. But on
i ‘his linin', we are not left to the mere internal evidence
| which it presents. YVe are informed by the Wash
ington correspondent of th-* Charleston Standard,
that it was a written speech, and that the Hon Mem
ber, not trusting to his memory for its faithful delivery,
actually read it to the llnue.
Ushered to the world in thi portentous manner, it
was* certainly, not the speaker’s fault, if men’s minds j
were not duly prepared for some coup d'etat —some !
thunder stroke of statemanship before its otose. And
■mre enough, it came in the last paragraph. There !
tiie denotement is reached. There the long train art
ftiliv concatenated bv the gentleman, through three
i mortal newspaper columns, finally explodes—explodes
, in a monstrous non-sequitur to the whole of the pre
! reeding speech—explodes in a bold, unauthorised a?- ,
j sumption of the gentleman, to speak for the Union j
i Democrats of Georgia, and to pledge them to be at the
• Baltimore Convention, to participate in its councils, j
I and co-operate in its movements
Now the gentleman very well knew', at the moment
of giving utterance to this speech, that the Union Dem
ocrats of Georgia formed not a seperate and distinct
political organization in the State. He very well knew
that they constituted part and parcel of the great, tri
umphant, patriotic, Union Party of the State.
He very well knew that as part and parcel of this j
party, and in no other character, whatever, they had
fought gloriously and successfully for the salvation of
the country, and to the utter overthrow of its enemies
in the South. And he also knew that the Union
D-nioerats'of Georgia, after winning these victoriesin
company with the Union Whigs, had taken counsel
with the Union Whigs, ns to the course which the |
Union Party of Georgia should pursue in the approach
ing Presidential election. The result of these coun
sels was, that a Convention of Delegates from the
Union Party of the whole State, shou'd be held at Mil- i
ledgeville, for the express purpose of settling the course
to be pursued by the Party in reference to this ques
tion.
So the matter stood plainly and distinctly before the
gentlemen’s eyes, at the the moment of delivering his
I speech in Washington. And yet he takes it on him
. self at the close of his speech, to announce as a settled
i fact, that the Union Democrats would take part in the
! Baltimore Democratic Convention.
Asa Union Democrat, I enter my protest against
the authority of the gentlemen to make this declara
tion. The question, the whole question touching the
course to be pursued in the Presidential election, the
Union Democrats have agreed to consi j cr and solve
in council with their brethren of th” Union Party of
the The great Union Convention appointed
by Union Democrats and Union W’btgs to be held for
that purpo'e, is n*ar at hand. Under such circum
stances, is it not treason to the Union Party, for men
who hav* been thrown into high places by means of
its triumph, now to turn nod say tint ‘hey will not pay
it the poor respect of awaiting its decision ?
It does seem to me, Messrs. Editors, that the Hon.
Member ought to reconsider and recall the last para
graph of his speech. He owes it to himself and to
the Union Party, not to continue tostand in thi atti
tude of contempt and disrespect to its authority. Os
nn<- thing, I am sure, that in this regatd he is very far
from representing the feelings and sentiments of the
Union Democracy of Middle and Lower Georgia.—
And I suspect he will find he has reckoned without his
host, even in regard to the Union Democrats of Upper
Georgia. We consider ourselves as bound to the Union
Party of the State, hv infinitely stronger and more sa
cred ties than those which attract us to any other po
litical association whatever. And it is only when some
great national organization shall engraft our princi
ples on its Platform and policy, that we shall deem it
consistent with our duty to the South, and to the
Union, to merge ourselves in its bosom. In this mat
ter,we shallbe far, very far from imitating the exam
ple set by the late self-styled Southern Rights Party,
1 which,after breaking up the Democratic Party, and
j striving to break up the Union, in their false zealforthe
‘endangered South, has now, without requiring a single
‘safeguard or guaranty of any kind for the South,thrown
t itself unconditionally into the full embrace and brother
hood of that self same national Democracy, which it so
lately denounced and repudiated as utterly unsound and
untrustworthy on the great Southern question. We
will continue to be as we have been, true to the South,
is well as to the Union. And if the National Demo
cratic Party shall refuse, as it has thus far done, to
come up to the standard of what we feel to be the du
ty which every national Party owes to the South and
to the Union, why then, we will still stand hy our prin
ciples.even though they should require us to stand
aloof from the National Democracy. Nor will we throw :
off our strength, or disband our organization, until we j
have carried our point, and made strong and safe j
| terms for our beloved South. But what is it that Mr. ;
! Cliartain has pledged himself to do ? Why, the very j
; reverse of all this. He and his train of followers, i* j
any he shall have, are going to Baltimore, as to a sort j
of political Mecca, devotion at whose shrine, is to
make amends for consorting there with Northern
Freesoilism and Southern Disunionism, whilst thehon
or, the interests and safety of the South, are to be cait
adrift on the dark and perilous tide of accidents. Call
you this standing by the South, Mr. Chastain ? Call
you this standing bv the principles of tiie Union Tarty ?
a party whose fundamental maxim is acquiescence in
the past for the sake ol the Union, and resistance to
all future anti-slavery agitation and aggression, even
i at the hazard of the disruption of ail the ties that |
j bind U3 to the Union. UNION DEMOCRAT.
Log Hall, Macon Cos., Mar. 12, 1352.
To Wm Tlrrei.l, M. D., Sparta.
Dear Sir; —The interesting conversation l had the
pleasure to hold with you, on the subject of the Agri- i
culture of our country, when accidentally meeting you
at Macon last week, and the lively interest you mani
fested in the subject, induce me toaddress you this let* 1
ter, in which I will briefly stare whot has been our suc
cess in ihe middle Atlantic States, in improving our
lands, and will also give you my own experience in
I the u*e of guano one of the agents we have used with
j great success.
I It is well known that in Delaware, Maryland and Vir
i ginia.the old system of tillage pursued had exhausted
our cleared lands, until their cultivation no longer re
numerated labor ; they had greatly depreciated in
price, many ol them had been turned out as old fields
! or commons, a.nd so little encouragement or hope of
i prosperity was held ont to Kie Agriculturist, that our
i population w ts removing in large nitmbeis to the vir
i gin soils of the West. The census o! 1810, nctua iy
, exbtbihlled a decrease for the last ten years in the | op
u!a ton of the rur.il districts of Maryland and Drla
ware, the only small increase of these States having
been in the cities.
The intelligent editor of the American Farmer, in
describing to men stion lime since, the change that
the last ten or fifteen years had brought about in Ma
ryland, said that their landed proprietors, at the corn- i
nienc: ment ot tins period, wete generally in debt ;
much of iheir lauds had become exhausted, was .
greatly depreciated in value, and indeed unsaleable,
excegt at ruinous pi ices, and that a general feeling pi
despondency prevailed—a cheerless, discouraging pros
pect seemed before them. Bui by degrees they enter- i
ed on a system ol improving their lands, by the u e
ot lime, marl, manure, and tbe turning down ol
green crops; along with this, a neater husbandry was
practised, “and now,” said this zealous friend cl Agri
culture,‘so great his been the change, that you can
find none desponding, lew are in debt, lands have in
creased one-half in value, and so lull of the spirit ol j
improvement are our people, that you can hardly j
meet a farmer, who is not ready to enteitain you
wiili an account ot some new improvement he lias
introduced, or some successful expeiinient he ha*
tried in under-draining, ditching, deep ploughing,or in
the making and application cl manures ”
; Now this account I know, is almost literally true of
’ Delaware, ami probably tc. h great extent of Vtrgini.
luc sac we bad ploughed our lands so |,. n „ an< j ‘
,h, tsi ’ IC ploughed, the p0.. r ,. r itnw . |p
u*. 1.. C larger id,ages, the greater became o Ur
’l’ “ S '.' Vi:i !i I— thal i!! ‘h-ia-ritul alluded to, th
, ... est... ■- °t *he or. Mates, -o inr as their Agriculture
, was concerned, was looked to *••*;, . ,
. ‘ * ••••recoding*
iUrUvir I) atgtQ
But change has indeed com- over u* p , ■
. I , UiH |p;r
; - S ’ the discovery, that t . plough over i*,
j n " { ' “-T, exc-pt sugi,- ~, -rs oU
growth, w as without profit or even remuneration to V.
bor, we determined to plough only where, u>:i fr: : .
blessings of a kind Providence, we eoul j ou , ••
ecu, twenty, and even thi tty fold, and to a comj |* ru *!| e
extent we have succeeded in this, and b tin; add. -,v; j.a,
j l can 1)0 bom ‘h p experience of my own f -eli, >, ; >
I we have bad as much pleasure in the pursuit, a"? 1,, ;, v
| possession of the object attained In other wordsJn
j ,be pursmt oi Agricultural knowledge—in seeking it
m science, in learning it from books, anti from experi
ments and practice in the field, there is to be Luti.J a
positive enjoyment, realizing, as w do, how dtrec.lv
: we can apply this know ledge, “making it an informin'*
: principle to the plough,” and thus causing the result of
the investigations of the mind, as well as the labor of
j the hands, to appear i;i the crowning harvests of our
i fields.
I inve no doubt that Delaware, Maryland and Vir
i ginia, are growing now as much grain as when their
soilwasa virgin soil, or that the value of their Agr “
cultural products generally are as great as at any form
!er period of iheir history. Nor do i doubt, that under
the influence of an improved Agriculture,these produc
tions will be increased fifty per cent, within the next
: ten years. Ido not consider we have anything to
fear from the great YY’est, certainly nothing so tar 03
wheat husbandry is concerned. Virginia is now conce
ded the third wheat State in the Union. But we must be
true tc ourselves; we must continue to spread the lime,
to dig the marl, apply the gu 1110, to husband our ma
nure, and to plough down the green crops; and more,
we must read,and we must think, and we must give
our thoughts and our time to our business, as the men
of commerce and the professional men do tht rs, and
it is thus we of the old Stales, must hope to get on
There is certainly a vast deal for us yet to do ; we
have hardly more than made a beginning; but then
the spirit ot Agricultural improvement is fairly roused •
there is no longer any sneering at “Book Fanning;” old
prejudices have been discarded, and we have all learn
ed to know our ignorance, and to realize that in our
occupation,above ail others, it is true that
“The Patriarch pupil may be ‘earning,still
Dying, leave his lessons half unlearn’d.”
While passing a few weeks here with my brother,
F. P. Holcomb, at hia plantation on the Flint, I hate
been examining and informing myself somew hat in
reference to the course of culture here in your gre t and
enterprising State of Georgia. I arn most agreeably
struck with the general interest manifested in Agricul
ture, and with the great efficiency w ith which it is pur
sued. The energy and boldness exhibited in entering
and clearing up in a single season, immense tracts of
new ground, and surrounding it with high fences, it
seems to me, is unsurpassed and unsurpassable. So
too the extent of the tillage land annually cultivated,
amounting to2o and 25 acres to the band,shows there
is no want of industry, and also shows how retmuka
bly easy of tillage your lands are.
But, may not these facts prove too much. May they
not show that under sucli a bold advance upon your
fine forests, (in time so valuable for their timber.) they
must soon disappear, as th-=y have with us in tlie old
States; and does not the fact of y-mr ;•>:'] ov r uefi
immense tillages show that a.e approaching that
point at which we arrived, when we m found it necessary
to begin to improve our lands in order to get remunera
ting returrs for our labor 1 I do not speak of having
to improve lands as being a calamity, for with the
means within reach Ido not know that it is. In such
case, the old land may perhaps be as profitably cultivat
ed as the new. 1 grew last season on my farm in New
Castle County, Delaware, two thousand four hundred
; and thirty bushels ol wheat on a field of seventy acres*
being an average ol about thirty-four and a half bushel*
to the acre, while this land when first brought under
cultivation, did not probably produce more than the
j half ofit.
If Peruvian guano could be had for a reasonable
price, I have no doubt it could be used on your fields
which have been some y ears in tillage, with great advan
tage and profit. I have used it annually, for the last
seven years, on various crops, and for giving a start to
exhausted lands in particular, there is nothing that will
compare to it.
I purchased a poor farm in Kent, adjoining the coun
ty in which I reside, where the lands had become very
much exhausted. A field of seventy-five acres was
planted in corn—the product did not exceed five or six
bushels to the acre, Tiie following season I applied
ten tons of Peruvian guano, spreading it broad-cast,
and ploughing in under and put the field in wheat.—
The product was one thousand three hundred bushel*
ot good merchan’able wheat, which I sold for $1 15 cte
a bushel; and after deducting my seed and paying tor
inv guano, 1 had about S9OO left, as the product of the
field I may add, that this farm which cost me in 1843 ,
eight dollars an acre, would now sell lor §3O ; and the
annual sales from it under the system of improvement
that has been adopted, fall but little short of the original
purchase money of the property.
The success of the Hon. Willoughby Newton, of
Westmoreland comity, Yhrginia, in the use of guano,
in a particular case, even exceeds my own This
distinguished and zealous Agriculturist deltveted the
annual address before our Maryland Agricultural So
ciety, at Baltimore, in tbe Autumn of 1850. He stated
in his address, that he had made an application of Pe
ruvian guano to one hundred acres of poor land, a
pine woods soil, selected for his residence back from
his estates on the river, and that he would concilium -
I cate the result when ascertained the following season.
The last September number, I think it is, of the
American Farmer, contains Mr. Newton’s statement
to the effect, as near as I recollect, that the product of
the field was two thousand two hundred bushels of
wheat, being a bushel of wheat for every dollar the land
cost, and every dollar paid for the guano, and leaving
him a surplus beyond this of four or five hundred bush
els! My impression is the land had been a little improv
ed from its very barren condition before this application
of the guano.
The Hon. James A. Pearce, at present the veiv able
Sena'or in Congress from Maryland, delivered the an
nual address be fare our Society the previous year, and
j strongly dwelt on the value of guano, which he proved
: by a careful examination of its constituents, but more
; particularly, by detailing the result of his own txperi.
• enccin the use ofit. But many ol the Senator’s Kent
; neighbors remaining skeptical as to its virtues, or un
willing to put themselves to the trouble of sending for
i it, Mr. Pearce purchased last autumn, an entire cargo
j of Peruvian guano at Baltimore, on his own account--
1 had it shipped to his county, and distributed it among the
fttnnersof Kent at cargo price,effecting an actual sav
, ing of some ten dollars a ton to them. Tbe fact proves
, how high an opinion this clear-headed and astute ob
server lias of ihe* value ot this article as a teltilizer >
and for his laudable zeal in the cause, may he reap h*s
reward in witnessing at the ensuing, hurvesi ti e o * m*
! ing wheat fields oi Ins native county.
Sussex county in Delaware, is for Ihe most part, a
: light, sandy soil,pine woodsgrow tb.and much reseutb
l ng tiie pine land of Georgia. A dressing of two hundred
pounds of good Peruvian guano, will eau*e this land to
produce twenty-five and thiitj bushels of c >ru to tiie
acre, w hen, without manure, it will bring but five or six
; bushels.
Peruvian guano, a good article,shou and contain from
! fourteen to sixteen percent, ot ammonia, which is its
principal constituent of value ; tiie phosphates cl lime
amounting 10 eight or ten per cent.,are also <1 some
value ; and hence, the importance to the consumer ot
I an inspection that shall asceitain with accuracy and
fidelity, the real character of ihe art cle 1 fieied for sab .
At present there is no inspection ot guano, whattver,
1 at any ol our ports t xcepi Baltimore; and here the in
spection is said to te very supeiiieial, aid bttle to la
re lied on., as they pass ait Peruvian guano as nutnui r
■ one, though varying from sixteen to eleven per cent,
in ammonia, unless ihe article is wet, though *Lr dif
ference is thus shown to he nearly one-tii rd it the in-
I trinsic value. This ts one ol the sunjtcts to which, had
we an Agi icuitural Bureau, as we long since ought m
: have had, the attention oi its head should at once ne <ll
- rected.
My own experience satisfies me, that Peruvian
j guano is at least of twice the value of any Patagonia
| guano I have ever been able to obtain, though the com
mercial value does not seem to make this difference.
At present it is well known that an English Com
mercial House has a monopoly of tins tiuue in itnu'i
an guano. When this contract expires, it <* to
hoped w* shall get it much cheaper, jp;d to this et.