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JOURNAL & MESSENGER.
JAMES T. JVISBET AND SIMRI ROSE.
EDITORS.
The Thinker and the Doer.
Ovs sits at home with pale impressive brow,
Iteut on the eloquence of lifeless letters;
Noting thoughts from Mind’s first dawn till now.
Wien Truth seeing Heaven-inspired, to burst her let
ters.
Another piles the force of stalwart limbs,
Aud keen wit sharpen'd by the whiri of action;
For miduigln lore no studious lamp he trims.
Curtain’d and muffled from the world’s distraction.
Two destinies —converging to one end,
The glorious issue of alt human labor;
Where, in harmonious union softly blend
The praise of God, the profit ot our neighbor*
Each has his gift—the stamp affix'd st birth.
That marks him for the servant of a Master-
The chosen steward of llis realm of Earth ; ‘
The shepherd watching for a higher Pastor.
Each has his crown—of earthly laurels here,
Gather’d and woven by the hand of mortals;
And when the ripirit-City’s towers apjiear.
Dropp'd ou his brows by angels at ns portals.
Judge not which serves his Master best,
Haply thou niightest be true worth's detractor *
For each obeys his nature’s high behest, —
The close-pent thinker, and the busy actor.
GENTLE EVA.
nr tins. r. s. xicnous.
Have you heard the touching story,
Told so sadly of that clime,
Where the rose, in crimson glory.
Brightens all the summer time !
It tells us ot a maiden
Golden-haired aud staiTv-eved—
Young in years, by thought o’erladen,
Woo in angel-beautv died.
Gentle Eva, loving Eva,
Sleeping by the ebbing wave,
M ail or woe shall never grieve her,
Shrouded in her mossy grave.
Once she wept o’er- wrong and sorrow,
Childish tears so wisely shed;
Birds ot Eden, on the morrow,
_ Warbled dirges o’er her head.
Velvet leaf and snowy blossom
Crowned her young and radiant brow :
0 er her white and heaviug bosom
Little hands are folded now.
Gentle Eva, loving Eva,
Sleejang by the moaning tide !
.fever mote sliriil sorrow grieve her
Who in aug.d beauty died.
Thirty-Second Congress—Second Session.
Washington, Jxn 1.
SENATE.
The consideration of the nomination of Mr Badger
as associate J ustice ol the Supreme Court, in Executive
Session, was internipted by the announcement of the
death of Senator Upham of Vermont, by his colleague.
Mr. loot. Etilogiis upon the deceased wete delivered
by Messrs., foot and Seward, the usual resolutions
adopted, and the Senate adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Mr. Sinner asked but did not obtain, leave to intro
ducte a bill granting to Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri’
lowa and Minnesota, land for the construction of a rail,
rod from New Orleans to the boundary of Minnesota.
One private bill was passed.
A message was received from the Senate, annou icing
the death <*t Hon. William Upham.
Mr. Miner delivered some remarks eulogistic of the
deceased, aud concluded by moving the usual resolution
ol respect to the memory of the deceased
Mr. Meacham said a few tvotds appropriate to the oc
casion, when the resolutions were adopted, and the
House adjourned.
J in- 17.
SENATE.
M r Bcodhcad presented ihe memorial of 1,4-. hi citi
zens of New Volk, praying that the grants of laud to the
otlicersaud soldiers of the war of 1812 be increuscd aud
made uniform at 180 acres.
Mr. Hale obtained leave to withdraw- the resolution
making inquiry into the conduct of Commodore Mor
gan while in command of the Mediterranean squadrou.
Mr. Foot submitted resolutions directing ;hut the
Governor of Vermont be informed ot the death of th-
Hon. Wm. Upham, and that ihe widow of the Hon. W.
Upham be jaid ihe arrearages of per diem and milc.igc
due him at ihe time of his death. Adopted.
Mr. Davis submitted a resolution calling tor copies of
the correspondence not heretofore published relatiug to
the northern fisheries. Adopted.
Mr. Miller submitted a resohi ion, which w.-.s laid
over, direct ng an inqu ry in o the pio; r.ety of rccogi i
ling the independence ol Liberia.
Mr. Gwin submitted a resolution, which was agreed
to, directing an inquiry as to the ex|x-diencv ot appoin
ting an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States for Oregon and California.
Mr. Walker introduced a bill granting kind to Wis
consin, to aid in the construction of certain railroads in
that State.
The Senate then proceeded to -he consideration of Ex
ecutive business, on Mr. Badger’s nomination, bv the
following vote:
—Measr . Pell, Brooke, Clarke, Cooper, Davis,
Dixon, Fish, Foot, Gever. Hale, Jnucs, of Tcnn., Mai -
sum, Miller, Morton, Pearce, Rusk, Sebas-ain, Seward, 1
mith, Spruance, Sumner, Underwood, Wade, Walker j
—34.
Xay*. —Messrs. Adums, Borland, Bright, Brodliead, !
Butler, Cass, Cathcart, l>e S iusaure, Dodge, of Wis , i
Dodge, of lowa, Downs, lech, Gwin, Hamlin, Houston,
Hunter, Janies, Jones, of lowa, Mallory, Xorr J, Soule—
-3L
Afler some time the doors were reojietietl and the bill
providirv for the establishment ofa national road to the :
Pacific, trom the Mississippi, was taken up.
Mr. Brooke submitted a substitute for the bill provi- ‘
ding for a contract with the company recently iacorpo
rated in New York, for the construction of this road.
A debate ensued, Mr. Brooke sustaining the amend
ment and Mr. Gwin opposing i*.
After further debate it was postponed.
The homestead bill was fixed for Wednesday week.—
The Senate adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Several private bills were passed ; among which was
one granting a pension to Mrs. McNeil, widow of the
late Major General McNeil.
Mr. Dean, of New York, moved a resolution author
izing the election of a colossal statue to Gen. Washing
ton, the rules having been suspended for that purjxse;
and that it be referred to a committee on the state of
the Union—the object being to carrv into effect an act
of 178*
Mr. Orr moved that the roll be suspended, which re
quired that the resolution should be referred to the com
mittee of ihe whole.
The bill alluded to, requiring that the statue should
be in the Roman costume, and lie executed by a foreign
artist, the resolution was amended, so that it” should be
in the Continental dress, and the statue be executed by
Clarke Mills, who produced the statue of Gen. Jackson,
recently erected.
After a short and unimportant discussion, the reso
lution was adopted under the ujieration of the previous
question.
A bill was called up by Mr. Bowie, of Maryland, c- -
tending the provision for widows and children of offi
cers and men who fell during the Mexican war, or who
died in consequence of disease con’ racted there, for an
additional {.'elision of five years, and was ultimately
passed.
Mr. Marshall, of California, moved to suspend the
rules to enable him to introduce a resolution placing ten
millions of dollars at the disposal of the Pres idem . 1
w-hich being objected to, the ayes aud nays were called,
on a motion to suspend the ruses, which was negatived,
yeas 26, nays 115.
Mr. Polk, of Tennessee, moved to suspend the rule*
J® e J' a ble him to introduce a resolution granting to
Clarke Mills $ ,to remunerate him for die equestri
an statue of Gen. Jackson, recently erected in laitkvettc
square ; which was negatived.
Mr. Polk theu modified the resolution, by filling up
the blank with $18,000; and the yeas and navs being
token on the suspension of the rules, the motion was
negatived: yeas 26, nays 65—there not being a two
thirds vote.
On motion of Mr. Houston, of Alabama, the small
note bill was referred back from the committee.
Mr. Bowie, of Man-land, objected to the procedure,
as he had an amendment to propose.
On motion of Mr. Jones, of Teun, the special order,
referring back the bill, was postponed till to-morrow.
After some other business of minor importance, the
House adjourned at an early hour.
Jan. 18, 185:;.
SENATE.
Mr. Bright presented the credentials of the Hon. John
Pettit, Senator elect from Indiana, in the place of the
lion. James Whitcomb, deceased. Mr. I’. appeared
and was sworn.
Mr. Badger introduced a bill abolishing the right to
hold to bail in civil ruses in the District of Columbia.
Mr. Shields reported hack House hill appropriui ing
$50,i100 for the erection, by Clark Mills, of an equestr -
an statue of Washington, in the city of Washington, ami
it was taken up and passed.
Mr. Mangutn submitted a resolution, which was
•greed to, directing an inquiry iuto the propriety of pur
chasing, for the use of the naVv, Estiev’s Conical Ver.-
tilator. 1
Mr. Soule submitted a resolution, calling for corres
pondence relative to the claims of citizens of the United
States against Hayti Adopted.
Mr. Ifrookes resolution relative to the causes for the
suspension of diplomatic relations with the Nicaraguan
Minister, was withdrawn, for the puniose of being offer
ed in Executive session.
Mr. Cass joint resolution, re-affirming the Monroe
doctrine, was taken up.
Mr Cass said that two Presidents—Mr Monroe in
1624, and Mr. Polk, in 1845—had made this declaration
and bad given good reasons why it should be adopted!
Their declarations were but an Executive protest against
the re-colonization of any part of the Americancooti
nent by any European power. The right to assert such
a right resulted from that principle of the law of nations
which always adapts nself to the circumstances of the
world. The right of the title by discovery, was one re
sulting from the discovery of America, aud has since
become an established principle.
To give anv European power the right of dominion
aver any of tbe American States, or to place them in
the position of dependant colonies, then this nation
would become involved in inexplicable difficulty. Tbe
provinces thus colonized would, in the event of any
European war, become disturbed and involved in it as
partisans of their respective governments, aad in this
way our commerce and relations with the world would
be eoihnrrassed and circumscribed. The right of self
protection justified this declaration sod its jnamten
aucs. la the eomupoodenreMMtop ” “ v
Mr. Canning, in 1824, this right wag admitted and ad
viva by Mr. Canning.
When suh meu as Mr. Monroe, Polk and Canning
belie-, etklthis right to be just, those who held the doc
trine now could stand utidisiuax ed bv the sneers and
scoffs whk-h everlastingly were thrown upon them. If
such a cotir.-e was right thirty years ago, how much
more was it proper and necessary now, when our posi
tion lias grown into strong:h and importance in thi
win fib ‘t here was no doubt but that the declaration
made by Mr. Monroe had its due effect, but it was no:
to be denied that the opinion was last growing in Eu
rope that me United States did not seriously intend to
hold to its declaration It became our duty to declare
that vve do intend to maintain that and clanui'-n, and that
i‘"Cuba be seized upon by any European r.a i >n, we will
resist it by force.
The declaration of Messrs. Polk ana Monroe should
receive a legislative sanction and force. The condition
of tbe South American States invited European intei
ference. European powers exhibited afe e:i.-h unxie y
to in'er l enc in the attaiis of I his conti.ic t so a i si re
footh* id U[ion it, to interrupt free communication bi
t'.vp u th” Atlantic and Pacific, itnd to check our pro
gress in every way.
AH Europe is sensible of our necessity to k-cp up iw
inijutired our free and uninterrupted miei comae \vi li
the Pacific, and every thing they cau do, they willic
defeat and injure us in tins re.-q>ect. France laid re
cently attempted to get Sonora. It failed, but had it
been successful, no doubt could exist but what France
would have insisted on her light to hold it. He had
been informed some time previous of the projected at
t -inp: of France ou Sonora. He read several article*
f out French publications, showing the feverish anxiety
there to emb what they consider the pushing ambitiou
of the United States, and I<> clu-ck our progress. He
iiad no doubt, but 1-ingland and France would continue
their poliev toclieckihe United S a‘os. It should be
ms wired firmly by he United Slates, in ihe nla _e of
this declraaticn.
His resolution applied this doctrine to Cufov. He was
willing to purchase t uba —to pay a I.U-ral j rice for it,
yet he would rather the people of Cuba, bv friendly reg
al.!.ions with S|iuin, or by revnlutkm, should become
independent, a;,a ilun unite wi h us. He denied the
unlimited right of Spain to sell her territory, regardless
of the interests and desires of ihe people of Cuba. Con
gress, in 1511, Jirec od the President so seize upon Flor
ida, in case any European nation should attempt to take
if. The people of Cuba had tbe right to decide whether
they would {'refer to join the Unit-d Sates, or be trans
ferred to another European nation. He pointed out the
immense itiqs'rtance of the Gulf of Mexico to the United
States, and contended that if Havana became tbe prop
erly of Engla nl, tlic ntou h of ihe Mississippi in case of
war, would he h nrc ieallv sealed.
He read from a deba e in the English Hi use of Com
nio s some years ago, when 1 o and George Ben ickdeelu *
ed that the way to settle the Cuban difficulty was for
England to disruln and take the Island for the debt due
by Sj'-'in, and thu* pir an end to American boasting ly
cutiiug oar commerce ia iwo He referred also to the
mortgage held by France o:i the Island, and read Mr.
Everett s reply to ihe two ministerscoiiipliniemiiig it .n
the highest les :ns.
He though* ihe oljccl of France and England in
making *lie recent offer for a tripartite treaty, was that
thev have offored the United Stales a shale ill the con
trol of Cuba, would then be free to act alone. They
knew tKMf.etlv that their offer would be rejee'ed. But
iliev desired freedom to dcstrain for their dibts. He
was for notifying them that that destru u could not l>e
levied
He gave an eloquent history of the progress of this
nation since the days of the Revolution. Our strides
had been by decades, and of these decades he had seen
eight, and the progress in ptosperity, wealth, and pow
er had been uninterrupted.
The time was come when we must perform our duly
according to the position which we occupied; and, as
we performed that duty, so will we deserve the inheri
tance bequeathed to us.
Mr. Butler followed, agreeing mainly with Mr. Cass
in his views, hut inclining to the opinion lieietofoie ex
pressed bv Mr. Calhmiu, that the declaration of Mr.
Monroe was intended to apply specifically to the attempt
to restore the Spanish American republics to the do
main of Spain.
Mr. Cass rejoined.
Mr. Hale followed, contending that in a military and
commercial point of view, Canada was of tenfold the
importance of Cuba, and maintained that to be consist-
I eti', England should lie mdified that she could not sell
Canada to any {lower but the U. States He pursued
thi* subject at great leng'h
Mr Mason got the floor, and the Senate adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Mr. Brook*, of New York, reported fi om the commit
tee on Ways and Means, a bill tor establishing a branch
mint in the city of New York, which was reud the first
time.
Mr. Chandler, of Pa., objected to the second reading
of the bill.
The morning hour having expired, the House took up
the District of Columbia small note bill; and an aincnd
; men?, reported by the Committee of the Whole, to the
first section, reducing the penultv for issuing the forbid
den notes to from ssu to s.'>oo, was read.
Til - bill was filially- passed, ns amended, in the Com
mittee of ilie Whole—yeas 81, nays.3*, and the House
adjourned.
Jan. 10, 1853.
SENATE.
Mr. Foote presented the credentials of the Hon. S. S.
Phelps, Senator appointed for the Slate of Vermont, in
the place of Hon. \V. Upham, deceased.
Several executive communications were presented
Mr. Hamlin reported a resoiu.ioti calling upon the
treasury for a draft ot anew code of laws for collecting
the revenue. Adopted.
Mr. Hunter reported back the Military Academy ap
; preprint ion bill with an amendment; the bill was taken
! up, ;he amendment concurred in, and the bill passed.
Mr. Cass’ joint resolution reaffirming the Monroe doc
j trine was taken up.
! Mr. Mason said, that it might become his duty, be
’ fore this resolmion came to a vote, to speak at large up
|on the merits of the subject, but he now simply desired
jto s]>eak upon one {ioint, which he thought was misin
|terpreted bv ihe Senator from Michigan. He desired
I to speak of Mr. Monroe’s message as asserting a princi
, pie in i ended to be applied to ihe affairs of .Spanish Amer
ica alouc. He desired so show that it was directed to
| the affairs of Spanish America, and being asserted for
a s|>eciiic object, did effect the object intended, and had
not laid idle in the archives of the nation ; and that the
principle asserted by Mr. Monroe could not be resusci
tated by the American government unless the same con
lingcncies should arise.
Hu quoted the message of Mr. Monroe, to which the
declaration was made, to prove that it referred to the re
establishment of the dominion of Spain over her South
American colonies, and w \s designed to present the cf
ots of the Holy Alban- eto accon pi sh tl.is object. It
did accomplish it and he objected iliat injustice should
be done to the memory of Mr. Monroe, by extending
his doc rine toenibruceodierprineiplesaiid other objects.
He quoted English and American au horities, in sup
port of his construction of the Monroe declaration
Mr. Cass sjiid th it lie never heard till yesterday, that
it was doubted that Mr. Monroe had protested against
the rccolonization of any purt of this continent by any
E urojH an po*. er. Ibe Monroe doctrine was not confin
ed to the contemplated intcrveniion by the allied pow
ers, because it was :o continue for all time. The reason
given that the peculiar interests of this continent were j
distinct flora those of Kuroj e was no more Hue lhen
than now.
Mr. Dixon gave no. ice I hat he would hereafter move
to commit this resolution, with instruciions to report
whether the Clayton and Bulwer treaty- had been viola
ted, and if so to report the proper measures.
The subject was then, on motion of Mr. Soule, post
p< nod till Tuesday next.
The I’acitic Rail road bill was then fakeu up, and af
ter a long debate an amendment to change the bill so as
to leave to the President to select the termini of the
nod was adopted, and ihe Sena'e adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Nothing of any importance was transacted in the
House
Jam-ary 2<*.
SENATE.
The chair presented the animal report of the Secre
tary of the Treasury, which was referred, and ten tliou-
Sfcmf extra copies ordered to be printed.
Also, the n-|x>rt of the light-house board, and the rc-
Cwtof the commissioner to run aud mark the Mexican
rnndary
Also, a me.-sage from the President relative to the
Florida Indians—all of which were ordered to be print
el.
Mr. Seward presented the resolutions of the New
York Legislainre concerning the distribution of the
public lauds.
Mr. Rush moved, and the bill reported by the terri
t< rial committee for a railroad to the Pacific, was re
ferred to a select committee of five.
The House till to suppress the circulation of small
notes in tlie District of Columbia was referred to the
Committee on the District of Columbia
Mr. Gw in moved to take up he Pacific R. ilroad b ll
Mr. Pearce moved to take up the bill providing for
the pay ment of the Texas debt.
A defaa-e ensued, continuing for more than an hour,
as to w hich bill should be considered, and then Mr.
Pearce's motion was negatived Yeas 23, nays 27.
The California Railroad bill was taken up, and deba
ted for some time.
Mr. Clark, at half-past two o’clock, moved to post
pone the bill for an executive session, and the motion
was agreed to; yeas 24, nays 17
Mr. G'taik moved then that the Senate go into execu
tive session.
Mr. Weller opposed the motion, and said that as
there vu but a very thin Senate, and it was important
to have a full one for important executive business, lie
moved the Senate adjourn, which motion was rejected;
nara 25, yeas 16.
the Senate then proceeded to consider executive
business—Mr. Badgers nomination.
At 4 o’chx k ihe doors were opened, and Mr. Fitzpat
rick, of Alabama, appeared, presented his credentials
and was sworn in. The Senate then adjourned No
action was had on Mr. Badger.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
The morning hour was consumed by discussion of
ihe bill to e-iablish a branch mint in New York,
when
Mr. Houston, of Alabama, moved that the House
proceed to the business on the S{>c.iker’s table, and also
that it resolve iisell into a committee of the whole on
the State of the Union.
The latter motion being negatived—the yeas and
nays having been culled, the House took up the busi
ness on the Speaker’s table ; and after a short time, a
■notion was made to go into a Committee on the Slate
of the Union ; and the yeas and nays having been or
dered, it was negatived--yens 51*. nays 102.
When the French spoliation bill came up, the Shak
er decided that according to the 27th rule it cuine un
der the fifth class therein referred to, and could no
then be taken uj>. V
Mr. Walsh, of Md., contended that it was among the
third class, in consequent of a motion having been
made to commit. J
An appeal was taken the decision of the
chair. A motion was made to lay the appeal nixin the
table, and the aves and nay-8 having been ordered it
*- I nftf*-
A bill to prohibit public executions in Ihe District of
Columbia was then taken up an l passed.
A message was laid before i lie 1 louse from the Presi
dent, enminunicating ;t ie;*<-r. 1.-i itive to correspon
dence wi ii Spain in re.erenee m it*v Sasun Loud and
Goorapu.ai.
Pending the tno !on if Mr. Poßt, to rt- faisider the
vote refci ring die message arid documents to the com
mittee on foreign affiiirs, ihe House adjourned.
MACON* GEORGIA •
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY £6 ISN>.
Editorial C tauge.
Messrs. J. M. A 11. K. Guekn and P. Tract have b -
C-line the Editors and Proprietors of the Georgia Th
ijritph. They are U ‘.veil known in cur community a
g -iitlenun of character, of talent, and of well-defined
political principles, and under then -joint control, die
telegraph will doubtless increase in interest and ii
elliciency. as a newsj.ai er and {.arty organ. Wishing
them success in their new avocation, we welcome them
to the editorial fraternity, and trust our intercourse may
be {ileasant and j roiitable. We give below the happy
siilut itory in which they briefly define their position and
the views ju which they design to act in ilie conduct
of their journal.
Mr. Ross, the surviving partner of the firm of Rat A
Ross, withdraws from die paper, and our best wishes
till low him in bis retirement
To Tin Patrons or the Georgia Tklkgr; ph.— In
taking charge of the Ge mjia, 1W- the undersign
ed feel that they have assumed a task full of difficulty
and responsibility. To maintain the commanding posi.
tion that the paper attained while under the control ol*
iis late editor, Mr. Rat, and to deserve the wide-spread
and powerful influence that it enjoyed under his edito
rial management, will demand a steady and persevering
self-devoiion toils interests. Relying, however, upon
ovr knowledge of the political relations of the TJ gnipl.
to the Democratic parly, a.id uvu i die generous sup
port of one of ihe largest and most intelligent lists id
subscribers in die State, we shall use every energy to
deserve the condmied confidence of its patrons.
On assuming our new duties, custom perhaps requires
at our bands an expression of principles and a declara
tion of faith. Under similar circumstances it is usual,
we believe, to indulge in the reflective vein—to v.ndiea e
certain political dogmas by u jiatient history of their n
s ills— to vow eternal fidelity to certain time-honored te
nets, and finally to promise the public an inestimable
profit in the perusal of die paper.
We shall content ourselves, however, with briefly
stating, that the Trleat-.q h will be devoted to the inte
rests of ihe Democratic parly—that it will avoid ail in -
jm fi .able discussions of closed questions, and that it
will ever be found a zealous advocate of die reserved
rights of die several States. It shall be our endeavor
to conduct the {tress with proper fairness and liberality
—to enliven its columns with useful and agreeable in
formation, and in all things to use our position as pub
lic journalis'd for tbe public good More than this, it
is perhaps unnecessary to say. \V hether we shall ful
fil the promise already made, is a question which lime
and the judgment of our readers must determine.
H. K. GREEN,
.1 M GREEN,
I\ TRACY.
The Southern Presbyterian.
The office of publication of this valuable religious
journal has been changed from Milledgeville to Charles
ton, where it will hereafter be issued weekly, us hereto
fore, under Ihe charge of the Rev. Washington Baird*
and under die patronage of the Presbyterian denomina
tion of that city. The Correspondents of the Editor,
and the exchanges of the /Vm -yfe. era, will notice this
change of location. We would call the attention of our
readers to the advertisement of the valuable property in
Scotsboro’, offered for sale by Mr. Baird, which will be
found in our columns to-day.
The American Giant Girl.
This young lady, who occupies such a large space in
the attention of the public, has arrived in our city, and
is bolding her levees in a loom in the Floyd House
Building, fronting upon Third-street and adjoining tbe
Lottery Office She is remarkably intelligent and en
tertaining, and furnishes a striking illustration of the
proclivity of the universal Yankee nation to spread.—
Our readers we trust, will avail themselves of the op
portunity offered and visit this wonderful product of
Ohio. For particulars see advertisement.
The Fakir of Siva.
An individual by the name of Haskell, who was born
in Tennessee, and is, we believe, a small farmer in the
Northern {rt of this State, gat e a ser es of entertain
tainments in this city during the past week, as Necro
mancer and Wizard. These were attended by large
audiences, from the fact that we have had nothing simi
lar so them in our place for some time, and because
some little curiosity was excited to see and hear the
“ Fakir of Siva,” as this Tennessee adventurer myste
riously announced himself. lie proved to be a fellow
of shabby trick*, upon the stage and off of it, —leaving
the city without paying some of his small bills for crea
ture comforts, in which Fakirs or Monks are not sup
posed to indulge ; and compelling our Marshals to ai
r.-st him, before lie would settle the coronation tax
upoii bis show. On the evening preceding the last
night of bis entertainment, he announced that he
would, assisted by Professor Loomis, give an enter
tainment, the proceeds of which would be handed
over to a benevolent Society, connected with the Bap
tist Church of this city. It is needless to say that he
was not authorized to make this announcement, and
that the Society would not have accepted a benefit from
such a source. But the entertainment was given, di
versified by juggling tricks, and vulgar, obscene songs
from the Fakir, and by a series of experiments by Prof
Loomis, which were neither brilliant or new, though
the complacent Professor evidently thought they were
both. The Fakir pocketed the proceeds and left. As he
begged us to herald his praises, we have to say in his
behalf, that he is a fellow of sublime impudence, has fin
gers almost as nimble as his feet, and is unequalled
in the display of pasteboard.
Will our contemporaries of Columbus, Montgomery
and Mobile, mark this tricky fellow *
Where are McAllister and Anderson, and when will
our community have the pleasure of witnessing their
performances ?
“ Mure .flatter fora .flay Morning.”
California Marshall is an extravagant fellow, particu
larly extravagant, according to his own showing during
the last session, in mileage and mint-juleps, in a Con
gressional canvass. Courting notoriety, no one can com*
plain of the role lie may play to obtain it; whether i l
may b that of a Ca'o or an Alcibiades; but really we
must object, when his acts, as a public servant, are such
as to overturn every rudimentary notion of propriety
and of property which has survived the “ progress of
the age.” On the 14th inst. he moved to suspend the
rules in the House of Representatives, to enable him to
introduce a resolution, to place at the disposal of Presi.
dent Pierce, ten millions of dollars, to meet any emer
gency which may arise during the recess of Congress,
growing out of the momentous questions connected
with the foreign relations of ibis Government. Ten
millions of dollars! We do not know what value Mr
Marshall may attach to the precious metals, as his con
stituents dig gold from the earth in great chunks; but
to tbe great majority of the people of the U. States, ten
millions of dollars is a very large sum of money, and
they must be curious to know w hut reason there is for
desiring to place it ut tbe disposal of General Pierce-
What is in the wind?
“ The men of mind are mountains, and their heads
Are sunned long ere the test ot earth;”
mid California Mat shall, who hus formally inaugurated
this crisis, should let us know whence it mines—and the
people and their Representatives, if the necessity exists,
will place themselves and llieir whole Treasury at thedis
posol of President Pierce. The age and experience and
position of Mr. Marshall in the councils of the count y,
eminently tit him to take the initiative in this matter, and
w hen he has oracularly announced that a crisis does
impend us in our foreign relations, it is astonishing
that the country will not be alarmed or frightened
from its propriety, and that the people will quietly and
c nnposodly pursue tlie regular routine of their duties
and labors What is ibis crisis w hich approaches in
the foreign relations of this country, demanding the ap
propriation of this large amount of secret service money,
to be used by the President w ithout accountability ?
General Cass, we know, has an old grudge agains,
the British Lion, and Geoige Law an aimory of old
muskets, which he would like to sell to Cuban
fillibusters, and Duff Green has some colonization de.
signs or some other designs, with which Souloque in
terferes, and there are many individuals who, like Mr-
Murshall, exhibit a reckless proclivity to pitch into
every thing generally ; but notwithstanding all these
things, and notwithstanding the great delicacy of many
of the subjects connected w'ith our foreign relations,
we cannot doubt that peace may be the policy of the
next administration, as it is the sentiment of the poopl *.
There is, it is true, a speck of war upon the political
horizon —a very small speck. Billy Bowlegs contum *
ctously refuses to emigrate, and is guilty of almost as
many extravagances of action end of language as Cali
fornia Marshall. The hostile incursion of this redoubta
ble chief'ain, v. i h ten warriors, upon the defenceless
women and children es Florida, may bo the contingency
which is dreaded, und w hich demands the extraordinary
appropriation of ten millions of secret service money.
It seems to us, however, if this is ihe occ-tsion for it,
and the use to which it is to be applied, that Mr. Mo.-
shall is extravagent in his precautionary preparations.
Why break r, liy upon a wheel? Why spend ten mil
lions upon Mr. Bowlegs, when it might insure the
building of a Railroad to ihe Pacific, if loaned to a pri
vate Company? Twenty-five \ oted for, mid one hun
dred and tis ecu again- 1 the suspension of the rules for
the introduction of Mr M’s resolutions; and if this vote
is to be received as an indication of the opinion of the
House,there is very little danger that lie or any other rep
resentative of Young America, shall -uecced in getting
up an extempore crisis in the foreign affairs of this govern
ment. There is really more matter for laughter than for
any thing else in the erratic course of the gentleman
from California, though w e may fear, despite the reason
ingof the Loii-lon TLnm against the possibility of such
in occurrence, that spontaneous combustion, with blue
lights at ihe side scenes, may be its final catastrophe.
The Monroe Declaration.
The proceedings of the House of Representatives for
the last few weeks, have been unusually dull and ex
hibit very satisfactorily, the efficiency of its rules, in
clogging business, and in delaying and defeating legis
lation. The sessions of the Senate, on the contrary,
have been unusually interesting, as it lias {dunged
headlong into our foreign relations, and seems deter*
mined top jrsevere until it and the whole country, and
the rest of mankind, shall know everything of delicacy,
of interest, or of mystery, in our connection with every
power on earth, from Souloque to the Czar of all the
Russias. The Tripartite Treaty, proposed by France
and England, Central America and Cuba, have in turn
claimed its attention, and led to the discussion of the
gravest questions connected with the foreign policy of
■ the United States—discussions which must attract pub
lic attention and influence public opinion. What may
be their result, vve cannot foresee, but the attention
winch our foreign relations attract, indicate that anew
cia has begun in the history of this country ;tl a the
foreign policy of this Government must overshadow, in
!is increased Interest, the questions w hich have tisreto
ore separated parties and sections, and‘create the is
sues between the Administration of General Bierce
’ and the party of the opposition.
0 i the 17th and 18th insts., Mr. Cass’ resolution, re*
affirming the Monroe declaration, and applying it to
Cuba, was debated by Messrs. Cass, Butler, Hale and
Mason. These gentlemen differ widely in their con
struction of this celebrated declaration, aud wider still
in the objects and uses to which they would now ap
ply it. The exposition of Mr. Cass, is doubtless, the
correct one, — certainly that one which will be endorsed
by a vast majority of the American people. Mr. Mason
contends that it was designed to prevent the attempt
of Spain, aided by her powerful allies, Russia and Aus
tria, to re-subjligate her American colonies, —that it ac
! complished this specific object, and that there is no oc
casion r.ow for its re-affirmance. Mr. Cass contends
J that the declaration of Mr. Monroe was designed to
prevent the colonization of any portion of either Ame
rican continent by any European power; and in this
view he is supported by the authorities to which Mr.
Mason refers, to support a contrary construction. The
first and most celebrated declaration of the principle
was certainly made to accomplish a specific object,
viz: to prevent the intervention of the Holy Alli
ance in the affairs of Spanish American colonies, w hich
had asserted and maintained their independence, and
which hud been recognized as independent sovereign
ties by the United States.
The possessions of Spain, upon the American conti
nents, out,:’ extended from California to Cape Horn, aud
of this vast and magnificent Colonial Empire, nothing
remains but the Island of Cuba. Won by the daring
of i‘s early navigators, aud by the valor of its adven- (
turous soldiers, it was gradually lost iu the decay of the
power and glory of its home government,—utterly im
potent to resist the influences of the American and
French revolutions, and emasculated of its strength by
the European struggles which ensued upon the advent
of Napoleon. In the re-establishment of the old order
of things which followed the full of Napoleon, it was
natural that Spain should seek to rc-pqssess the mag
nificent Empire she had lost in the Western hemisphere,
and that Russia and Austria, bound to the same policy
| and disturbed by the same fears, should aid her in the
j attempt. The recovery of the ground she had lost
! upon the South American Continent might “ repair the
| broken crutch of legitimacy ” and oppose a barrier to
■ the territorial aggrandizement of the Uni'ed States, and
| to the progress of American influences and American
ideas. In December, 1828, a proposition having these
objects in view, was made by Spain mid Russia and
Austria, and was only declined on account of the firm
and decided declaration of President Monro.-.
Here there was a specific application of the principle,
but in the same message Mr. Monroe .•sserts it broadly
and roundly, without limiting it to any state of circum
stances or to the happening of any contingency. In
speaking of the negotiations between this Government
and those of Russia and England, concerning their re
spective rights and interests on the liortli-west coast of
this continent, he says: “In the discussions to which
this interest has given rise, and in the arrangements by
which they may terminate, the occasion has been
judged proper for assorting, as a principle in which the
rights and interests of the United States ure involved,
that the American continent*, hj the free an l indepen
dent condition which they hare assumed ant maintain,
are henoforth not to l>e comidered ns subjects for future
colonisation by any European powers.” This language
sustains the construction contended Corby Mr. Cass.
But it is useless to waste time in discussing the ques
tion as to the actual limit to which Mr. Monroe designed
liis declaration to go. The question to be determined
is, w hether the principle he announced is sound and
just. It was asserted by Congress in 1811, and re
affirmed by Polk in 1845. It had no foundation or jus
tification in 1811, in 1823, or in 1845, but its necessity.
Self-interest and self-preservation tire the higher law of
nations. The necessities of a nation, and the exigen
cies of its position, are a law unto it—always have been
and always will be. The assertion of a principle or a
rule of action demanded by necessity, needs no defence.
Such was the Monroe declaration ; and the same neces
sity of self-interest and self-preservation w hich first jus
tified its assertion, should direct its application, and jus
tify its re-affirmance in all new cases which may arise.
Whether this doctrine should receive a legislative
sanction in the re-affirmance of it in general terms, is
proposed by Gen. Cass, is a question ol doubt, upt u
which Senators may well disagree. “ A terrible oath,
w ith a swaggering accent sharply twanged off,” may
intimidate “ the rest of mankind,” and then again it
may not. The gauntlet thus throw n down to Europe,
may be raised by France, or Spain, or Russia, or Eng
land. Cases are not wanting now for its application, if
the broad construction contended for by Mr. Cuss is
adopted. The occupation of Samina by ihe French -
the English colonization at the Balize aud the Bay of
Islands—the supposed intervention designs of France
and England in the affairs of Cuba, will furnish, at
once, occasion for its enforcement. Arc we prepared to
assume the position that American questions shall no*
be complicated with the jealousies and passions and in
terest* of European powers, and that American pro
gress, American ideas and American institutions, shall
not be arrested or endangered by European intervention.
This is the true Monroe doctrine. Its declaration is a
question of time, of policy and of expediency.
Uy*>''Senator Upham, of Vermont, died at his lodg’
ings at the Irving House, in Washington city, on the
14th inst., of vareoloid, in the fifty-eighth year of his
age. lie has represented Vermont in the Senate for the
last nine years. The Hon. Samuel S. I’helps, (V hig.)
and formerly Senator from Vermont, has been appoint
ed to fill his unexpired term.
Z3T On the 14th inst. Wiiliam G. Crosby, (M hig,)
was elected Governor of Maine by the Senate of that
State. By the provisions of the Constitution of the
State, when no Gubernatorial candidate has received a
mijoritv of all the votes given, the House of Repre
sentatives nominates two candidates, and the Senate
chooses one of them as Governor. The State gave a
large Democratic mnjority at the last Presidential elec
tion. The House of Representatives is largely Demo,
cratic, and yet a Whig Governor is elected, by dissen
sions and divisions existing among the Democracy.
*4?” Catherine Hayes’s Concerts in San Francisco
have created great excitement. No less than $1,150
premium w r as paid for the best seat at her third concert.
At her first concert the enthusiasm ran so high that hats
and chunks of gold w ere thrown upon the stage, and
even a diamond ring worth 700. She had also receiv
ed as a present, a splendid riding hat, made of green
velvet, embroidered with shamrocks of gold, and clasp
'<*d vil'n a golden harp
The North Alabama Railroad.
I The following communication, which appeared in the
! Summit RepM'can of the 24th inst., we rc-publishat
| the request o a subscriber. Macon and its c tizens have
no interest in is subject matter, except that which she
mast feel in all improvements designed to increase the
1 wealth and prosperity of the Slate, and to perfect Ilia
system of Railroads which, has given her her prominent
p; sition among her sister r tat s .t ie Sou a. The . x
\ tension of the South-Western Railroad directly West
from its Ameriens terminus, is the only Railroad pre
fect in which Macon has a direct interest, or by which
she can be benefited. The proposed junci ion of (iris-
I tin and Decatur, Ala., bv Railroad, connecting Savan
nah and Memphis, and bringing North Alabama nearer
to it than to Charleston, is u matter in which Savannah
and the Macon and Western and Central Railroads arc
deeply interested.
The full benefit of the immense trade of Northern
and Western Georgia, North Alabama and Tennessee,
is the great object gained to Savannah by ibis commo
tion, and is wor.liy of a display of that extraordinary
energy she has exhibited o! late years, in every thing
else connected with her interests:
COM M l MOATED.
North Alabama and Savannah Railroad.
Jaisars. U . itor -: —Permit me to call your attention to
a projected line of Kafiioad, not put down on any maps,
but which, when carelully examined, will be found
; vastly to contribute to the trade and commerce of Sn-
I rannah, and the increase of tonnage and passengers
going over the Western and Macon and Central Rail
roads.
11 you will examine the map of Tenncssse, Alabama
a id Georgia, and draw an air tine from Memphis, Ten
| see, to Savannah, Georgia, it will at once appear that
i Decatur, North Alabama, Grifliu and Macon, Ga., are
| nearly upon tb it line. A line of road, therefore, reach
! iug from Memphis, Tenn., to Savannah, via Decatur, to
Gridin, would at once be preferred above all others to
Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York, for all descrip
tions of freight from tin* South and South-west seeking
ttiose points ; also for nil merchandise shipped from the
Northern cities seeking the South and South-west with
in its influence or range It would also control a vast
amount of travel which will otherwise take the Rust
Tenn. and Ya. Railroad. In fact, it is the only route, in
cluding all loads already made, or in contemplation,
which will carry freight or passengers as quick as the
East Tennessee and \ irginia route, Horn North to South
via Memphis.
The road from Memphis to Decatur will be completed
in three years at farthest, (a distance ot less than two
hundredniilesj under the charter of the Memphis and
Charleston R. R. Cos., and the only portion of this con
templated new route lo build is front Decatur, Alabama,
to Grillin, in Georgia, adistauceof about 170 miles; and
it is rather a remarkable fact, that, follow ing the airline
from Decatur to Gridin, leads us through, or very near
to the only prac ic .ble route known Ironi North to
Middle Alabama, to wit: through Morgan, Marshall,
touching the lines dividing DeKalb and Cherokee from
St. Clair and through the centre of Benton county, near
Jacksonville, the county seat, thence to near Gadsden,
and through Nc.vuau to Gridin.
This road would, to a very considerable extent, drain
the whole of North Alabama above and below the Mus
cle Shoals, which region of country is generally known
as the Tennessee Valley, making annually from seventy
five to one hundred thousand bales of cotton, varying
according to seasons, and with a plank road made to
Klkton, Tenn., which is thirty miles north of Decatur,
Ala., float ten to twenty thousand bales more would, in
all probability, seek its way to Savannah. Upon reach
ing the Coosa Valley front Route, in Ga , to Talladega
county, the road runs through a section ot the country,
yielding at least twenty thousand bales more, which
would be tributary to it.
Thus, it w ill be perceived, that in the article of cotton
alone, the Road would intersect a portion of country
yielding from one hundred to one hundred and twenty
thousand bales, and, with the aid of the Plank Road, or
Roads, could contribute o tehun in-d andthirty thoiisuml
bales.
Again, goods purchased in Baltimore, Philadelphia
or New York would, almost necessarily, be sent by way
of Savannah, io supply all the section of country inter
sected by this contemplated road to Memphis, Tenn.,
andbeyound that point, to a portion of West Tennessee,
Mississippi, Arkansas and Texas. Besides it w ould in
duce a considerable carrying trade all along the line of
road from St Louis, Mo , in flour, hides and other arti
cles of commerce, which she. has for exchange for other
products of other sections of the country.
And the grand reason why 1 believe all these antici
pated results will be realized, is, in the fact mainly, that
Decatur, North Alabama, via this new route to Griffin
in Georgia, is nearer Savannah, than Chattanooga is to
Charleston by railroad. The distance from Chattanoo
ga to Charles'! n by railroad is four hundred and forty
four miles. The distance from Decatur, Ala., to Gridin
is 17d miles —the distance from Grillin to Savannah is
►249 miles—making in all, the distance from Decatur to
Savannah, 419 miles. But, allowing the Road to di
verge at various points, it is sufficient to establish the
important fact, that Decatur will be as near Savannah
for freight or travel, as Chattanooga is td Charleston. —
Making a difference of length, by Railroad of 130 miles,
and by i iver of I*s miles in favor of the new route to
Savannah—sufficient, in my estimation, to overcome all
competition by other lines.
The distance in miles being so much in favor of th s
new Road, it is confidently believed and maintained,
that it is the only possible way to control the Cotton ol
the Tennessee Valley to the Atlantic ports; because the
Memphis <fc Charleston Road can afford to carry Cotton
from Decatur to Memphis, and steamboats from Memphis
to New Orleans for three dollars per bale, including insu
rance, or, at most, three dollars and twenty-five cents,
but, by the road from Decatur via Grillin to Savannah,
it can be carried at the same rate, because insurance will
be saved. In this case, Ido not at all conceive it doubt
ful, how the large bulk of the Cotton will go—clearly to
Savannah —it being n well-ascertained fact, that prices
are generally better for North Alabama Cotton ut lhe
Atlantic ports, than arc realized at the Gulf ports, which
is sufficient to induce it to go that wa v. lint the present
rates charged from the Tennessee river to Savannah or
Charle.-ton, say $5 per bale including insurance, w ould
not be for a moment submitted to bp- any planter or ship
per, knowing the difference in cost; consequently, no
Cotton can be expected with any show of reason, to
seek lhe Atlantic ports, when a communication by rail
road is made to Memphis, unless this projected read is
hilt.
The country through Marshall, and for some distance
towards Cherokee, is mountainous and rugged, but pre
sents no formidable obstacle in building the Road—it be
ing intersected with valleys running in the direction of
Gadsden, which approximates the air line already men
tioned.
There can ho no question, that the freight and travel
already mentioned, as likely to be brought on this line
of road, would yield a considerable revenue, and make
it, in fac', a good investment, at fifteen thousand dollars
per mile, or probably-more. And w hen viewed in all
its important bearings upon Savannah, Baltimore, Phil
adelphia and New York, it is presumed no great difficul
ty would be experienced in realizing capital to built! it.
The writer trusts that enough has already been stated,
to point out its great importance, and to call public at
tention to it, and speedy action in getting survey* anti
estimates made by an experienced engineer, and it he
succeeds to this extent, lor ihe present, he will remain
satisfied, and will have accomplished the task he lias
undertaken being entirely satisfied as to the final re
sult, when estimates and surveys are made. \V. M.
January, 13-13.
Louisiana Senator.
There is some probability that J. I*. Benjamin,
(Whig) elected bv the last Legislature of Louisiana to
ihe Senate of the United States, for six years from the
4th of March next, will not be permitted to take bis
seat. No good reason will exist for his exclusion, but
good pretexts may be found. The new Constitution
recently adopted contains the following provision :
“/> it/iirtk r< ‘i irted, <(•'■., That on the first Monday
following the meeting of the Legislature, in the session
thereof, commencing in the year in which the term of
office rtf any n it.tr or Sen-/tors chosen to represent the
Shit ill the Cos rttri.ii of the Unit.d States'/ America,
sh id expire , or in case there is no session of the Leg
islature in such year, then in the next preceding such
year, the two Houses shall meet in the Hall of the
House of Representatives, and proceed to the choice of
u Senator or Senators to represent the State in the
Congress of the United Slates, in place of the Senator
< r Senators going out of office ; and the person or jkt
sons having the greater number of votes, shall be de
clared duly elected Senator or Senators: Provided such
number be a majority of all the members present. ”
The present Democratic Legislature, which begun its
sessions on the 24th inst., mav proceed on next Mon
day to elect a United States Senator, it being “ the first
Monday following the meeting of the Legislature, in
the session thereof, commencing in the year in which
ho term” of Solomon W. Downs, the Democratic i •
cumbcnt, “ shall expire.” In this euut, Democratic
Senators, giving ihe new Constitu'ion a retrospective
operation, may oust Mr. Benjamin from his seat and
give it to a Democratic contestant.
The Small Change Scarcity.—A correspondent re
ferring to the statement that a Lowell Manufacturing
Company pays, on an average, *.iu per month for small
change, to pay off the operatives, Ac., adds:—“l cm
point you to two Railroad Companies who pay- from
$6 i to * hi> per month for change used in the depots in
Boston and on the line of their road. All the other
Railroad Companies have to pay largely for chamre.—
Cannot some hing be done to remedy the expensive
evil ?”
The great part of the Scandinavian Mormonites
have decided upon emigrating to America. On Mon
day, the 27th ult., the Obotnt carried the first instal
ment, about unit souls, to Kiel, whence they would make
their wav to Hamburg, Liverpool, or Hull, and New
York or New Orleans. About O') >or 700 more would
follow them in a short time. They possess some capital
and are all respectable.
A Constable ox a Throne.— The present Empe
ror of France was a few years ago an English Consta
ble. During the Chartist movements, in 1848, M.
Louis Bonaparte found himself at London. Not hav
ing a sou in his pocket, he was, of course, “iu favor of
all the great questions of the day,” that promised to
pay anything, and ready to join in getting up a revolu
tion, or putting down one, just as the wind might
blow. On the 10th of April, 184$, when a Chartist in
surrection was apprehended, Louis, probably foresee
ing that i: would come to nothing, applied lor the of
fice of Constable, and was sworn in as a “special.”
He was put upon duty in ihe streets of London, and as
sisted in keeping the populace in order.
yigr* Thomas Frances Meagher thus speaks of the de
basing influences of gold, in bis elegant lecture upon
Australia. Asa feverish desire to grow rich is our
principal national characteristic, he could have hsiul noth
ing more appropriate to his American hearers:
“ Gold, which has caused many a brain to ac'n \ has
ll:>tc ed many a hand, broken many a liobie heart, has
wounded many a soaring soul, ami clinging to if, h s
brought it to the dust; gold, winch has bought ihe in
-Itc H* ihj N d'-c-'niaH, mid ioti in- Cft})iivi*:
■p- n i. uiiich h.us silenced ihe tongue ot* ihe orator, and
I b>u ,r hr the lla-feties ot the past; gold, lbr which in the
gav < saloons of fashion, many a tair and noble girl has
plighted the vow which has consigned her life to bittet
n *.- s, nd Io ked main her radiant uejk the .-r>a io that
swells her reins with venom ; gold, which his sol n into
the councils of the: Haggling na!ion,has bred d;s>en : t. n
among tier chiefs, has broken the seal o. her sacred se
crets, lias forced the gates of herstronges: citadels, his
bought the evidences which hurried her apostles to the
scatiold, has bought the vn'es which made over her in
heritance to others, and her glory to a strange people
gold, which has led the trailer to thegirelou, and with
a kiss b trave l the Redeemer of the worl i—gold, w hich
ii so many sh ipos ha s ejq c l with e s tit! by ue td or
rioted ; mongs men—which has be- n ihe fever, the
madness, the despair—lias been in tuna and qu.ck
succession, ihe s v, the swindler, the perjurer, the as
sassin—the foe of innocence, the blight of beauty, tli •
bane of genious; gold has become a fountain of lit",
and joy, and freedom—the serpent has been transform
ed in'o a blossomed wand. Lucifer has become the
morning star. To you, the citizens of America, it must
be pleasing, indeed, to behold anew republic rising up
to share with you the labors and glories of a future, be
fore which the conceit of the old world shall bn hum
bled, and in the light, of which humanity shall grow
strong.
Pacific Railroad.
Mr. G win’s grand project for 5,115 miles of Railroad
Westward is as follows;
Miles.
From San Francisco, via Fulton, in Arkansas, to
Memphis 2,000
St. Louis branch from a point on main trunk, 35
miles South of Saute be, to St. Louis 815
Dubuque branch from a point on ;*(. Louis bra .eh
where it intersects Arkansas river to Dubuque t!10
Texas branch from source of Red River, on
Southern bend of main trunk, to source of
Colorado river, thence to Matagorda bay, on
lbe gulf 535
New Orleans route from Fulton to New Orleans. 405
Oregon branch from San Francisco to Fort Nis
qually, in Oregon GSO
Total length of Railroad to be constructed.. 5,115
The means proposed to construct the Railway and
branches, is a grant front Congress of public land to
the Stales of Louisiana, Missouri, Arkansas, fowa, Cali
fornia, and an appropriation tor the construction of the
road through the Territories of an aggregate quantity
of 152,400 square miles, or 97,536,00'J acres, and this
appropriation is to meet the expenses of a Pacific Rail
way and branches of 4,400 miles, because from the ag
gregate length of 5,115 miles is to be deducted the
Texas branch, inasmuch as the Government of the L'.
no public lands to grant with the limits of
that State.
Branch Mint at Dahlonega.—The following is a
summary of bullion received, and coinage executed at
this branch, during the year 1852:
1 alue.
Bullion £470,788 73
COINAGE.
1*1,452 Half Eagles $457,260 <>)
4,078 Qr. Eagles 10,195 00
6,360 Gold Dollars 6,360 00 —$473,*15 00
101,890 No. of pieces.
FROM WHERE OBTAINED.
California *...*324,931 17
Georgia 93,122 41
South Carolina 57,542 41
Tennessee 749 46
North Carolina 443 28
$476,788 73
Branch of the United States Mint, Dahlonega, Geo.,
Jan. 12, 1858.
A true extract from the Books.
A. \V. REDDING, Sup’t and Treas-
Another Triumph of American Steamers. —A gen
tleman who came over from Liverpool in the Baltic tells
us that when he left, every body in that city was rejoic
ing over the new Cunard steam ship Arabia, which had
been built expressly to beat the Collins steamers, and
was considered tlie most superb as well as the fastest
vessel afloat. Loud were the exultations over the anti
cipated triumph and the lowering of the American flag
in this contest of speed. What has been the issue? The
Baltic, which sailed Dec. 29th, arrived safe and snug at
her wharf in New-York Jan. 11th —making the trip in
less than thirteen days, in sprite of stormy weather. The
Arabia, which sailed Jan. Ist, after running nearly Ihir
een days and exhausting her fuel in efforts to make a
rapid trip, has to put into a way port for coal and repairs,
and will probably be fifteen days or more in making the
run to New-York. We rejoice over this defeat of our
cousins over the water, in the honorable competition
for the mastery of the seas. The Coliins s;earners re
main unappn.ached by the Cunarders, and the English
! company will have to labor long before they can get a
vessel to beat, in a fair race, either the Baltic, Pacific,
Atlantic or Arctic. —Philadelphia Eoeninj Pali,tin.
French Navy.—A Paris letter of 27th ult., in the
V ashington Republic, has the following statement:
“ The squadron sent from Toulon to make experi
ments upon the different qualities of steam and sailing
vessels, has returned to France. We have read with
great interest a report of its adventures. Two screw
line of bat lie ships—the Napoleon, of 950 tons, and the
Charlemagne, of 450, were the only steamers There
were six government ships-of the-line. The whole eight
made, at first, a trial of speed with sails alone, and lhe
screws are said to have been in all respects equal to the
sailing vessels Os course no trial was made between
the latter and the screws, making use of their steam.
But the experiments made in towing were extremely
important and interesting. The Charlemagne made
six knots and a halt with a three-decker behind her,
agin ta heavy head-wind; and four knots and a half
with two. The Napoleon went four and a half knots
with three vessels in tow. one of them a three-decker.
Leaving this last behind, she went nine knots nearly,
using oißv sjven boileis out of eight. This is realiv
maguifimit. The immense services steamers, such as
these, would render in the transportation of troops, is
apparent to all. Tiie Napoleon, though a screw, has
proved herself all things considered, the finest and
most useful vessel in the world. You will remember
that she easily makes thirteen knots, and does not use
half the fuel required by a side-wheel steamer of her
tonnage. She and the Charlemagne are spoken of bv
the official journal as “types”—that is, patterns upon
which improvements may be made in all subsequent
buildings of men-of-war. So that it seems the activity
which has reigfled in the ship-yards for the last year, is
to continue indefinitely. It wasintended that the three
decker Montebello, a sailing vessel, recently fitted with
a screw, should have taken part in the experiment.
But she had not succeeded sufficiently well iu her trip
to justify the attempt. She will never make, it is
thought, over six knots against a moderate head-wind.
Baltimore Guano Trade.—A New Fertilizer.—
The imports of Peruvian guano at Baltimore the past
year, as we learn from the Price Current, do not much
exceed those of 1851, amounting to about 25,000 tons.—
This is accounted for by the fact that the agents for the
Peruvian government have imported a considerable
| quantity into Norfolk and Alexandria, for the first time.
| 1 he demand was active the past season, and prices rul
-lod high from dealers on account of the scarcity of the
| article. The importer’s prices remained unchanged at
$44,20 per ton during the year.
But while the imports of Peruvian guano at Baltimore
are thus large, we notice that a recent statement in the
Boston Journal made the total imports of guano into all
the United States in 1951, only 23,153 tons. The im
ports of Peruvian guano at Baltimore alon?in ihut vear
amounted to 2'>,ouo tons, and the Price Cun-cut is quite
certain that at least lo.fiOO tons were imported into oth
er ports during the same period, which would make the
total 12,000 tons more than is stated in the Journal.—
The total imports of Peruvian guano into all the United
States during the year 1852, were 79 cargoes, with 41,-
08s tons, 72240 lbs.) The following is an exhibit of the
imports of Peruvian guano at Baltimore, lor the last
four years:
1349 2,700 tons
1850 6,sou “
1851 25,ink) “
1352 . 25,000 “
In this connection, the introduction of anew fertili
zer may be noticed, one which is beginning to attract the
j attention of farmers and scientific men, viz: Mineral
Phosphate of Lime, of which we have alretdy reported
the arrival of two cargoes at Baltimore. This article is
obtained tiom mines lit the States of New-York and New
Jersey, and iu the latter State a company has been in
corporated by the Legislature for its manufacture. The
mineral is simply run through a pulverizer, and is then
I ready for use by the agriculturist. The following is the
: u >al\ is if this new irt lhe : Phosplu eof Lime, .2;
Filiate ot Lime, 7 ; Mi.r He and Carbonate of line, i.
The, ri e, according to this au ilvsi-, is s3 ll p r on, de
liverable at Baltimore. — Pat-in, r Sin.
Seventeen Chinese Shot.- A tragical event lias
been made known at Lloyds, to the effect tint, on the
2<*tli of October, a mutiny broke out among a patty ot
Chinese on board the British bark (r rtrude, from Amoy
to Havana, and tli it seventeen of the Chinese had beeii
shot by the Captain and crew. The bark put into S.n
gapote, when*, from the investigation that was held, it
appeared that what the Captain took for a mutiny was
merely a row among theCtiinese, but, having no inter
preter on board, the Chinamen were unable to make
themselves understood.
May a Gentleman wear a Frock-coat at an Eve
ning party ?—The N. \ . Home Journal, iu a recent ar
ticle upon changes in fashions, says:
“The disputed question—May a gentleman weir a
frock-.oat at an evening party ? seems to have been deci
ded in tue affirmative; aud. accordingly, young gentle
men take particular pleasure iu wearing I hat long ob
noxious garment, w ith the additional innovation of black
neckerchiefs. \\ bite waistcoats are generally discard
ed, and white kids yjgld precedence to gloves of color.”
A Mountain of Marble.—Mr. J. D. Manlove gives
the St. Louis Int.U ijencer a description of a mountain
of marble, which he says exists in the Great Salt Lake
Valley. He says the murble is of almost every color
and shade, iu slabs of very large area, and from an inch
in thickness to blocks of an immense size. Mr. Man
love judges the marble to be of the best quality, and
that it is inexhaustible.
Li?’ The Atlanta and La Grange Railroad is comple
ted to within four miles of Lit Grange.
The Tehuantepec Route.
M tlham M. Harwell, of Virginia, has contributed a
very able and elaborate article to Do Bow’s Review for
January, upon the subject of Tehuantepec, in which
the American and Mexican sides of the question are
clearly viewed and examined, and ihe advantages of
ill Telvuu'cpcc connection s rottgiy put forward. Mr.
Burn- ;!J sums up in brief u few of these advantages :
it v. rt lo ••;_*!; time b.: ween N-w t ora and Gan
i-raoci-wo :o Uiu.vn -.1 1; s -iw o■■ Xs.v Orleans and
ti hi Francisco to about eleven
1. The N. Orleans and N r arille Kaitroad.
2. The Opelousas Railroad.
The Mobile aud Chicago Railroad.
4. ino A la’run ta t 1 To inc < ec R L
The s'j ;l:1 ; Tex, ..nee Railroad.
6. The i* eh nor.d and Danville R itlroad.
7. The Son -hwestern Georgia Railroad.
8 Tiie Cos i lesion an 1 II ituburg R ulroad.
9. The Savannah a.id Florida Railroad.
Each. of thc*e nine ra.ha! lines, with its interior
c in.ice tons, will confribtt ct > the commercial inter
course bet wee i the safes and cities of the South and
Southwest and the Pacific. The immense resources tq>-
o : th t enumerated rou.es, and the competition amongst
them, will reduce g"eitly the charges and promote the
comfort of tht travel upon the Atlantic section of the
ma c to California.
Tue united intercourse of California and Mexico will
have a similar effect upon the cost of crossing ihe Gulf
of Mexico.
The reduction of ocean steaming upon the Pacific
coast will contribute to the same result.
It will greatly lessen the cost of mail transportation,
because the mail being already paid for through the U.
States to New Orleans. Mobile and Pens.tcola, and pro
vided for across the Gulf of Mexico to Vera Cruz, the
whole coast mail line from New Yor k around to the
point of intersection, oil’ Tehuantepec, would be saved.
The adoption of a route comparatively domestic
would diminish greatly the tendency to collision be
tween our citizens and the punctilious authorities of
the European dependencies in the West Indies.
The saving on interest and insurance upon the pre
cious metals, would constitute another principal subject
of advantage ; whilst the reduction of fares, the pro
motion of health and comfort to the immense number
of persons aatma'lv passing between the Atlantic and
Pacific States, all demand the earnest consideration of
the government.
It is therefore obvious, that the effect of a free wav of
communication for the citizens of the United States
across the Isthmus of Tehuant pee, would be to shorten
the time, reduce the cost and increase the comfort, of
their intercourse with the prosperous and expanding
Slates of tiie Pacific; and if the subject has been placed
in flic point of view which it merits, it is obvious that
the American people are far more interested in securing
the fight of free passage across the Isthmus of Tehuan
tepec than tiie proprietors of jhe Garay grant.
Signs of Commercial Peril.
Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine, for January, touches
briefly upon two or three topics, which, at this inomen‘,
{K)s.->esscs more than ordinary in'erest. We extract the
following suggestive paragraphs:
Our merchants have never enjoyed such uninter
rupted prosperity Breaches of mercantile faith, or
failure to meet commercial engagements, have been al
most unknown, and thus the profit and loss account ex
hibits a range of entries all upon the credit side. ‘What
next ? is the question asked or anxiously con.-idered on
t every side. Have we reached this height ol* prosperity
only to make our fall the more disastrous? Is the course
of commercial affairs always like the segment of a cir
cle described by a child’s swing, and can there be no
progress without a corresponding re-action. Has the
world grown no wiser with age than thus to toil up the
hill with the certainty that the ground will all be lost
again ? i heseare thoughts that will come to many du
ring the long evenings that close in upon the first of the
next year.
“ There are, it is true, some signs of evil portent.—
55 e regard as the most dangerous, the rapid increase of
new banks. The principal danger from this source, is
not in the fact that the expenses of legitimate banking
will be greatly increased, while the profits will only be
divided. Nor is it so much in the healthy expansion
which will be created by the increased issue of paper
money, although this is an evil of great magnitude.
The great danger lies in the fact that the control of the
currency and the direction of monetary affairs will pass,
in a great measure, from the hands of the judicious and
experienced, into the hands of anew set of men, too
little accustomed to such a charge The new Banks are
managed, in a great degree, by new hands, undisci
plined by former reverses, and unaccustomed to the
dangers which are sure to be encountered. Like inex
perienced mariners, they will carry too much sail in
tair weather, aud give way to too sudden a panic when
the storm overtakes them. A large class of the new
banks, too, are originated by lon otters instead of capi
talists, and this will add neither to their caution nor sta
bi’.i y.
“Another indication of evil is the rapid formation of
new houses by young and inexperienced clerks, who
(.light to be kept under the control of wiser beads until
they are more lit to be trusted to their own strength. —
lhe requisites for the successful management of mer
cantile business are greatly under-rated bv a majority
of the young men in this country; and the melancholy
disasters with which our commercial history in the past
is so illicitly strewed, scent to have no influence in de
terring the voting and adventurous from embarking in
the saute desperate enterpr so. Andi iany, even of
those whs have some reason in setting up” for them
selves, show but little judgment at the very outset of
their career. They have no patience for the small be
ginnings, the slow and sure earnings which have laid
the foundations of all legitimate success in mercantile
pursuits. They lay out their schemes on a scale of mug
nificence truly dazzling, and their expenses are gener
ally in a ratip inverse to their profits. This multiplica
tion of mercantile houses will be one of the most ‘try
ing ’ of all the assaults upon our prosperity for the
coming year.”
NyF' 1 Judge Betts, of the Utii ed States Circuit Court,
sitting at New-Y ork, has denied a motion to quash the
indictments for manslaughter which are pending
agiinst the officers of the steamers Henry Clay and
Reindeer. He ruled tl.a under the law of Congress of
(338, when negligence, misconduct, or inattention
occurs on board a steamboat, by which the loss of life ts
caused, the persons guilty of such misconduct, are ‘
triable for manslaughter iu the United States Courts in
the District in which such offence may have been com
mitted; and that the United Sta*es Courts have juris
diction over all eases of the kind occuiring in the navi
gable waters of the 1 nited States. The trial will proba
bly tako place without further delay.
?? 5\ e learn from the last received number of the
JSitutical Standard that (treat Britain is making large
additions to her steam marine. It is stated that in the
course of the present year, she will possess a screw
fleet ot twenty-two ships, sixteen of which may be
termed sail of the line. It is further stated that no line
ot-bdttlc-ship will be launched without being fitted
for screw machinery. Our readers will observe that
this number does not include the guard ships, very
many of which have long since been fitted with screw
machinery, but only large and powerful ships, the
smallest of which carries ofiguns, and the largest, like
the Dale“t it - l ngt n, the lioyal Albert, the Mirlb -
roujh and the Royal Ge, roe, from 120 to 130 guns.
“ 55’hat a long tail our comet has got !”
Professor Olmsted, of 5 ale College, in a town-lec
ture upon astronomy, the other evening, speaking of
the “tree it American Cornet ,” (we take it that there is
no other such comet in “Ew-rop, ”) observed that “The
rate at which it travelled was about one million three
hundred thousand miles an hour, more than four tlioi -
sand miles to every pulsation of the wrist, or beat t .*
the clock. It was also remarkable for its n< ar approar i
to the sun ; in fact, it almost grazed that both. T.. •
least calculation of its tail made it about a hundred mi -
lions of miles in length. So that were it wound round
the earth like a serpent, it would go round it font thou
sand times !” Now it seems to us that this is too big a
tail for any “body, ’ celestial or terrestrial, and espeeiu -
lv for an “ erratic body,” bound bv no law unless it he
by some “higher law” titan is known to the other
I “ bodies celestial,” whose “glory” doesn’t lie in exact
-Ilv the same direction. Apropos of this magnificent
scale of celestial measurement ; it reminds us of a reply
once made iri England by one of our own “cu e Yankees
to a London cockney, wire, standing upon the “ber.k of
the Terns, nea-urr Gi innidge,” said :
“Me deah Saw; ’av’ you any such rivers as that in
Emerikaw?” “ ’
“As that l’ exclaimed the Yankee: “what that
muddy creek! Get emit! Why, we've got more’n
ten-aud-iwenty rivers that would flow straight through
the “Big Brook,” the ’Tlantic ocean, that shets you oft’
from u.i, and then stick eout furder on both sides than
all the rivers that you got in yot.r hull “garden-patch,”
as you call your little “ Island o’ Kn -land !”
“Ged ‘l ime soul!” exclaimed the cockney, drily :
| “ that's verv exiiod’nary!” Ard it ira*, “ravlher!’ —-
j But comets’Tails out of the question, we have pigs
! tails enough, accumulated in one year, in the capital of
I one Stale in the Union, lo eclipse ihe erratic heavenly
i body of which Drolessor Dim stead speaks. Accurate
! statistics have been furnished, fr >ma porcine “observa
i ton” at Cincinnati, from which it appears, tHn. jags
I enough are slaughtered in the “Queen City of the J
! West i l ine, not only to cross the Atkin ie, each with
| thetailof his next neighbor in his mouth, but that,
without straightening die kinks in the tail of anyone
“ individual” of the “ species” vvhieh “ form the lino,”
the whole would reach, and neatly double on, the other
side! Grand is astronomy! Wondeifhl, mathemat
ics !
A Ribs on ihe is \ck or a Hyena.—Dr. Sparman
fells a curious story of a hyena, which was told him at
the Cape of Good Hope One night the soldiers had a
feast near the Cape when one of them, who was a trum
peter, drank so much that he could not stand up.
companions, not wanting him in the room, carried h |m
I out of doors and laid him down beside the hotre : eg*‘ l
c.tol and sober. Tiie trumpeter laid there and went 0
sleep, when a hyena came along, and thinking b lll *
dead, began to car: v him away, so as to uiakc a meai ol
him undisturbed.
It was some time before the man awoke so ‘ ;>
know the danger of his situation. sVhen he did so, 9°
found liimselt on tiie baek of a hvena, whieh was n* ‘*
ing oil* towards the mountain with him n fit' l liS DF*
siblti. Being horror struck a* finding him- 9 w,
power of the ferocious bests , ins tear br< .sod ‘ !: ’,Fj
Ids senses, and seizing his trumpet which hung
his neck, he sounded an alarm. Ihe beast, ihu> ■}&
he had only a dead man, was as much fngbtcoyd n\
sound of the trumpet as the man was at hia situu•
so, dropping his prey, they scampered away !,ot!l ‘ ac f
other as fast as possible. * It is not prob.tbfe fh** l
Other iuuu but the trumpeter would have e-cny'U so
easily. *"'■
1° “ late number of tie: Ltiulon Jc exzein we
find forty-nine American books advertized, e . x pA
sively reviewed, and four favorably “notk* ** ~ 1
greater number of volumes of Awtrireuk c! * tturfe f p e
been sold iu England during ihe vear 1 ’ ‘” ari ° * u ’
glbh literature in America