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JOURNAL & MESSENGER.
JAMES T. NISBET AND SIMRI ROSE,
EDITORS.
Thirty-Second Congress—Second Session.
February 11, 1353.
SENATE.
Th,- chair laid before the Seuate a communication
from the State Department, show nig the names and
compensation of the employees of the Department.--
Ai.‘ a reoort showing the disbursements for the service
ot the Depart incut, including foreign missions, for the
vear endror June 3", 1352. ... ,
‘ \{ r Scv.ard presented a memorial signed bv l ome
li.ts Vativlcibilt and others, ot New \ ork, asking a re
peal ot the steamboat act of last session -and several
other petitions of a like character.
Mr Mason, from the committee on foreign relations,
to which was referred tlie subject of the explanations to
the ratifications .l the Clavtonsuid lliilwer treaty, made
a long rej ort. accompanied by the following resolution:
JttH-htd, As the opinion of the committee, that the
declaration on the j>urt ot the British government, and
the reply thereto by the Secretary ot State, a.-, pre
litninar . to the exchange of the ratification of the treaty
concluded at Washington between the gutcrnnieiit ol
Great Britain and the Un;ted States, on the 19th ol
April, 1~ inijxirts nothing more than mi admission
on the pait of the two governments, or their functiona
ries, at the time of such exchange, that nothing con
tained in the treaty is to be considered as sltecriug tbe
title or existing rights of (Jreut Urituin to th* CaWj,i>n
settlement* in ilondtm* bay, mid consequently, in the
opinion of the committee, no measures arc necessan,
ou the part of the Senate, to lx- taken in reference to
such declaration and reply. . .. ,
The committee report that the Islands in the l.ay ot
Honduras belong to Gautemala, and being such me
Central American, and cannot be colonized by Great
Britain, without violating the treaty of IS-M'.
On motion of Mr. Cass, two thousand copies of the
report were ordered to be printed.
Mr. Dodge, of lowa, reported back House on! tor the
relief of the town of Belfeview, in lowa, and it was
passed.
Mr. Fish introduced a bill for the belter management
and safe conduct of American merchant vessels, ami tor
maintaining discipline on board the same —reierml to
the committee on commerce.
Mr. Miller gave notice that on to-morrow lie desired ,
to speak on the recognition of tlie independence ol i
The bill to provide for the settlement ol the ilaims of
the Texan creditors was taken up
Mr. Houston addressed the Senate, contending tint
these debts were an affair properly belonging to lexas,
and with which the U. States had nothing to .<.
The subject was postponed till next Wednesday, and
the Senate proceeded to consider executive bttsni. >s.
In Cnt*k'ii T ivf session, the notiiiiiAtiou *1 Mr. hauler
as Jintoe of the Supreme Court, was indefinitely i
nonet! .> -j*l. uavs 25. The Senate ltieo mljourncd. I
1 ‘i! ‘USE OK KEPRKSENT AT IVKS.
The Nebraska territorial bill was read a th.rd tune
and passed. .
Mr. Seymour, from the Comm.tee on 1 n.nmerce, re
ported a bill .to establish reciprocal trade with the
British North* America Provinces on certain condi
tions. , ..... .1
Mr. Sevmour, moved that the 0.11, together with the
report, be printed, which was agreed to. lie then mo
ved to recommit the bill, and that its iurther cun.-iucra
tion be postjsmed until Thursday tux*.
Mr. Seymour, there being objection, withdrew his
motion. - _ , ,
Mr. Jones, moved tlia: the bill be referred to tlie Uom
mittec of the Whole on the state of the Union; pending
which, the House went into Committee of the \\ hole on
the state of the Union.
Mr. Davis, opposed the amendment heretoforeo.tcwl,
fa restore the civil for the mil.tory superintendeiicy at
the armories. , .
Mr. Faulkner, supported it, and, utter a repiy by Mr.
Stanlv, the amendment was adopted.
The Committee rose, when the amendments made in
Committee were concurred in, by yeas *7, nays at- ,
ter which the bill was passed. i
The House adjourned, and for the third time passed
over the order lor an evening session
February 12.
SENATE.
The chair laid before the Senate the annual report of
the director of the mint; bid on the table.
The resolution providing tb.it from aud after Monday
next, the Senate shall meet daily at 11 A. M., was taken
up and agreed to.
Mr. Hale presented the petition of citizens of 1 oi
tage county, Ohio, praying the iuterjKisitiou of this go
verument, in favor ot tree-join ot religion’ worship in
foreign nations, with a let ter suggesting that when those
natiuus shall have acceded to this measure, they be re
quested to call upon this government to extend the
blessings of civil and religious worship to the millions
of slaves in this country.
A large number of House hills were referred.
House bill for the relief of ,1. If. t’onvers was pa'sc-1.
Mr. Davis reported back the bill promising reciprocal
fishing rights between the AiuerieananJ British fisher
men, ?n the waters of the two countries, and moved
that it be taken up.
Mr Mallory said the bill w ould have tlie effect of in
troducing into Southern water*, a class of persons
whom it “Was not desirable should be introduced there.
He desired the bill to be postjioaed till Monday, to ena
ble Loin to prepare an amendment. It was |x>-4poned.
The army bill w as taken up, and referred to the com
mittee on linai,ee.
The House bill regulating the fees to be allowed to
clerks, marshals, attorneys, solicitors, masters and
others in the U. S. Courts, was taken up. Various
amendments reported by the judiciary committee were
minted. , ...
Mr. Bright moved an amendment providing that liero
after all clerks of U. S Court* shall be ap|oiuted by
the President, bv and with the advice ana consent of
the Senate, for four rears. After debate it was rejected.
Mr. Walker moved to amend, bv providing that tie
son or brother of a judge shall be apiomtcd clerk.—
Lost.
The bill was then passed.
A bill abolishing the present s‘a£T department of the
army, was taken up, debaigd aud postjiouei'.
The bill to abolish brevet pay and double rations in
the arttiv, was also debated aud postponed.
The Senate adjourned to Monday.
HOUSE OF KEI’KKSEN TAT!VES.
The first subject this morning, af er the reporting and
reference of papers from ‘ lie he.uis ot departnienis, was
the bill for the relief of CoL Fremont, which led to
quite a discursive discuss.ou, consisting of questions
wliieh were asked on one hand and answeicd on tlie
other. • ..
Mr. Brown, of Miss., moved an amendment to strike
out all but the enacting clause of the bill, and to sub
stitute a section authorising tlie Secretary ot M:r to
pay Col. Fremont £19,500, and to deduct the same from
the amount which shall be found to be due that otlicer
on the final settlement of Ins accounts.
Mr. Orr, of S. C , moved in amendment a provision
. a—. p,;,,, r til I e : n rpntium-d shall be colls!I lied to n-
The question was then taken upon the amendment as
amended, which was carried, and the hill as amended
was read a third time aud passed.
Frn. 14,1353.
SENATE.
The Chair laid before the Senate estimates from the
War Department of fortifications necessary for the pic
tection of California.
Mr. Se-ranl presented memorials for the repeal of the
steamboat law.
On his motion, the bill granting a register to the ship
was taken up and passed.
Mr. Foote presented a memorial in favor of an expe
riment of a patent for a safety railroad track on incl ned
planes, whicn was referred to a select committee.
On motion of Mr. Hunter, the deficiency Tiill was ta
ken tip. All the amendments reported by the commit
tee m Finance were adopted. Amongst them, f,70”
stir Lafayette Square; £12,000 for tlie square Boil h of
the President’s House; £2s,tX)o additional for a custom
house at San Francisco ; additional sections authorizing
the leasing of sui'able buildings, Ac., in San Francisco,
for assay offices, for three years, till the mint is comple
ted ; assayers and others to be appointed ; £25,000 for
the session of the Senate after the 4th March next.
Mr. Gwin moved an amendment, appropriating fi-’toO,-
000 to be paid to California out ot the fund collected in
that State as duties on imports, previous to her admis
sion, by the military authorities.
This was supported bv Messrs. Gwin, Rusk and
Hearce, and opposed by Messrs. Butler, Borland, lired
head, Badger and Hunter. Without taking the ques
tion ou the amendment, the bill was postponed.
Mr. Underwood presented tbecredentials of ihe Hon.
J. B Thompson, Senator elect from Keutueky, for six
years from the 4th of March next.
The Senate then proceeded to consider the joint res
olution of Mr. Cass, affirming the Monroe doctrine, aud
applying it to the possession of Cuba.
Mr. Douglass addressed the Senate. He examined
the Claytou-Uniter treaty, the Oregon treaty, the Mexi
can treaty of peace, and the history of Enrojiean colo
nization and proceedings on this continent, showing
that the Monroe doctrine, notwithstanding its rejieated
affirmation, had been systematicullv treated with con
tempt by European powers, and had been submitted to
■uuicUy by the United States, they binding themselves
by treaties not to euforce it.
He opposed any declaration on the subject, but to
leave this nation free to act as circumstances should at
the time demand. He was opposed to binding the Uni
ted States by treaty with European nations, not to do
or to do any act hereafter, but to leave this nation free
to act, as events and the rights and interests of the tui
tion should demand. He opposed tlie resolution in its
terms applying to Cuba.
He would not declare that the United States had no
intention to mb Spain in the particular case of Cuba,
bveause it would imply that the United States were open
to a suspicion of having such intentions. He consider
ed it unnecessary to inform Europe that the United
.States will allow no European nation to take Cuba, for
they well knew it. No nation in Europe would dare
take it. Any attempt by England tvoulu be to banish
her from North Am*-net
He looked ujkiu the resolution as looking over the
past .riolation ot the Monroe doctrine, and uttering ter
rible threats for the future. He was for dealing with
the ease before the Senate—the violation of that doc
trine and the f lat ten treaty by the*colooization of tbe
islands in the Bay of Honduras, and practically H'Scrt
ing and maintaining that doctrine by forcing, at all huz- I
anls, Grent Britain to abandon that'colony. He would
annex Cuba if site became free aud inde; endent; would !
purchase her if Spain would sell ; but would take her j
forcibly it .-.fie was to be transiened by Spam to any
Knropean nation. * i
Mr. Cu s followed, contending that hi* resolution ap- .
p ! ied to jwxst as well as future violations of the tieaty.
Mr. Douglas replied.
Mr. I uderwooa defended Mr. Clayton.
Mr. Houston got the floor, cd the subject was post
poned till Satord; l ". And the Senate adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Ou motion of Mr. Houston, of Ala., the House re
solved to meet during the remainder of the session at
eleven o’clock. An intimation was expressed that the
‘evolution for evening meetings should be rescinded,
but which was not sustained.
The t ides were suspended to enable the committee
on public lands to rejairt a bill relative to the settlement
of swamp lands in certain States, which hud b en
granted to and improved by individuals subsequent to
.heir being granted to the State* by the general gov
ernment ; the object of the hill being to confirm tlie ti
les of those individuals.
A discussion of no general interest whatever follow
ed, which was marked by much excitement on the part
.it members who spoke, tor which it is difficult to ac
count, and which occupied about two hours.
At length Mr. Cleveland, of Conn., moved to lay the
hill on tlie table, which was carried—yeas Ilf., navs.s t.
The teas and nays were then taken on the us. a mo
tion to reconsider the vote, and lay the motion to recon
sider uoou the tuhle. which consumed the remainder ol
• liesitting; aud the lioti-e adjourned tdl t<-morrow at
11 o’clock.
Frill. 15, 1853.
SENATE.
The Chair laid before tlie Senate a report of the Sec
retary of the interior, ou the subject ot the Mexican
boundary.
Mr. Badger said lie saw in tlie newspaper* that, in
the Criminal Court of this District, the L . S. Attorney
bad asked the Court to fix a day for the trial of the
Gardiner case, ami that the Court had expressed his
willingness to tix the day, but admonished counsel that,
should the trial be commenced and nor concluded before
the commencement of the next term ol the Court, m
.March, the jury would have to be discharged and the
proceedings set aside.
To prevent the occurrence f such difficulties, and
the delay and failure of justice, the judiciary committee
had directed him to rep rt a bdl providing thai in the
irial of etses before liie Courts ot tlie Di.'t.'ict ot Co
lombia, should one nm lie compleicd before the com
mencement of anew t-nn of tlie Court, the said trial
‘ball coniinue aud proceed to final judgment in the
same manner as if tbe term in w hich it commenced had
not expired
The bill was then passed.
Messrs. < iss, Davis and Hamlin presented memorials
hi favi r of securing to Americans, while abroad, reli
gious freedom.
Mr. Phelps presented the joint resolutions of ihe Le
gislature ot Vermont, in favor of the bill providing for
li..tnbotion of public lands among tlie St i es; in tavor
•f ai bit nil ion a> a substitute fiir war, and in opposition
I so rceip:ocity trade with Canada.
’ Mr. Mallory submitted a resolution cal iig lor copies
i of tlie applications mailc by ttrisi? Iti'ifain since 1 Site,
I ~,r fishing privileges on the coast of Florida. Adopted.
The Sviuitc resumed the consideration ol the deficien
cy b ; ii. The question pending was on the amendment
ot Mi. Gwin. impropriating ,0 be paid to Cali
fornia, out of the civil fund collected there previous to
her admission as a State. After further debate the
i amendment was agreed to —yeas 21, nays
! Mr. Ch ise moves! an amendment, appropriating i-fo,-
• ‘Hii to enable ihe President to purchase 1 liittm Powers’
statue of America. After some debate oil a point of
■rJer, tbe amendment was withdrawn, to be offered to
the general appropriation bill.
Mr. Borland moved to add to the appropriation for
he extension of the canitol, a proviso lint hereafter all
moneys expended on tliis work dial! be disbursed by
the commissioner of public buildings He said it was
necessary, ftom what had taken place, that there sh mid
lie some safeguard pl icetl over the disbursement ot the
public monel s. lie was a member ot the select eoin
nittce on this subject, before which tiiere was a mass of
I'estiinonv show mg that there had been a total disregard
of the public interest, and a fraudulent misuse of the
’public money, to an extent unheard of before in this
country.
When the first appropriation for this work was before
the Senate, he called attention to w hat he considered
was fraud in tbe matter, and yet he had been denounced
for it by the sjKiial organ of tbe administration. There
was ample evidence before the committee of large em
bezzlements. The evidence of the commissioner of
public buildings had shown that the architect, when in
! formed of the hands of the superintendent, refused to
! io:ice them. Large sums had been embezzled during
lie past \ ear
Subscquentlv, he said, that it was shown that the ar
chitect had made con facts for pieces of marble eoniain
ug over thirty-cubic feet at *1 VS per cubic foot, and
.it 05 cents per oub : c fait for pieces containing less than
thirty cubic tl-ef. The result was that the large pieces
were brought here at great expense, and after they got
here thev w ere broken up into small pieces to Le used.
| In this way ?05, s)o had been lost.
Mr. Brooke protested against this divulging ex parte
evidence before the committee.
Mr. Cooper defended the character of Mr. Walter,
ihe architect.
The amendment was agreed to.
Also, an item for ?2','>'>■> for the Library of Con
gress.
Mr. Borland moved to amend the bill bv striking out
the appropriation of £4n i for continuing the work
on the Capitol, which was rejected—t eas 23, nays 24.
Mr. Walkei mo veil to strike out the provision to make
the salary of the superintending clerk of the census
(Mr Kennedy) £:fono per annum.
Mr. Davi.- said in the debate that this census would
cost m< re than all the previous censuses together. That
twenty five good clerks could have accomplished the
work in less time th.au tlieDfo which have been employ
ed, will finish it. He considered the whole history of
the census made it manifest that the present superin
tending clerk was utterly iaconijietent to the duty as
signed him. lie denounced the extravagant expenses
incurred by the census bureau.
Mr. Walker said that the I*so clerks had been mainly
occupied in writing a history, which, if Congress did
not publish, would be published by the superintending
clerk of the census on lyis private account.
The bill was postponed till to-morrow.
The Pacific Railroad hill was fixed for to-morrow.
Tlie resolutions on the subject of the Tehuantepec
grant were taken up.
Mr. Hale addressed the Senate in opposition to the
resolution*, and Mr. Brooke commenced a reply. The
Senate then adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
The bill authorizing *n issue of small silver coins,
was again taken up.
The bill was then passed as it came from the Senate,
the amendments of the committee having been nega
tived ; among which was one making silver change to
the amount of five dollars a legal tender only in pay
ment of sums due the government.
A bill was passed which came ftom the Senate, ex
tending the present silt ingot the Criminal Court in the
District of Columbia, ou account of a trial which is at
present pending.
The bill to prevent frauds upon tlie Treasury of the
United Sta.es, with one or two amendments, was then
passed.
The 1 louse went into committee of the whole on the
state of the Ljjii*u, and took up the Post Office bill,
which in.’ ordered to be reported upon favorably.
The civil and diplomatic bill then came up, and Mr.
Venable aud o. bets spoke at length w ith reference to
he nedeet of public business, wh.ch w-a* attributed to
ihe.AMVNW"* •" /l r ' u - ” -*■*’ ***
Mr. Newton obtained the floor and made a speech on
he Homestead bill.
The Committee then rose and the House adjourned.
F tu. If, 1 553.
Tlie Chair laid before the Senate the report of the
board of officers appointed to survey for a canal around
he Falls of the Ohio.
Mr. Hu iter moved to take up th.: Deficiency Bill.
Mr. Bright said he hoped a half hour would be given
o oilier business. He supposed the Senator made the
notion as a matter of du.y, and would take its being
voted down kindly.
Mr. Hunter said the Senator should speuk for him
self. He wanted bis motion to Ik- carried.
Mr. Hunter’s motion was agreed to—yeas 21, nuvs 12.
The question {lending was on the motion of Mr
Walker, to strike out the provision increasing the sala
ry of the Superintendent of tlie Census from £2, Son to
si'.,ooo, from the time of the establishment of that
office, in 1350.
This gate rise to a protracted debate, after which
he question was taken, and the motion was rejected
bv —Yeas 24, nays 2.5, as follows:
Vv/.s Messrs. Atchison, Bell, Borland, Brodbitrv,
Chase, Clarke, Davis, Dodge ol Wjs , Dodge of lowa,
Douglas, Geyer, Gwin, James, Jones of lowa, Jones of
Tenn , Pratt, Rusk, Sebastian, Smith, Sumner, Uuiere
wood, Wade, Walker, and Weller —24.
Nays—Messrs. Bavard, Bright. Brodhead, Brrxike,
Butler, Cooper. Dawson, Desaussuire, Downs, Felch
Fitzpatrick, Hale, Hamlin, Hunter, Mallory, Mason,
Miller, Morris, Pettit, Phelps, Seward, Soule, Spru
ance, Twucey—2s.
Mr. Holland, moved to amend the provision making
appropriation for the continuance of the capitol exten
sion by providing tliat none of the money should he ex
pended till after the Ist of April next, in order that the
investigation now going on may be finished.
The subject of frauds, Ac., in the work, was further
debated, after which the amendment was agreed to.
Oilier amendments were submitted and agreed to,
and the bill was then juissed.
The Senate then took up the resolutions of the Com
mittee on Foreign Relations on the subject of the l ight
of way across the Isthmus of Teh mm tepee.
Mr. Brooke, resumed and concluded his remarks
in tavor of the resolution, in reply to Messrs. Sew ard
and Hale.
Mr. Gwin, moved, a* a test question, that the resolu
tions be laid on the table, pending wliicti the Senate
adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATi VES.
The House took up the Post Office Appropriation hill
when Mr. Olds moved an amendment proposing lo
change the compensation of ihe deputy (mis:masters.
This was ruled out of order, and tlie bill was pas
sed.
The Speaker announced the next business to be the
bill heretofore reported from the Committee on Com
merce, to establish reciprocal trade with the British
North American colonies, upon certain condition*—ihe
question being on recommitting the bill to that commit
tee.
Mr. Seymour of N. Y ~ said a desire had been mani
fested that the consideration of the subject should not
come on to-day, inasmuch as the report was laid on the i
rabies of the members only yesterday, and as the bill
itself is important in detail; he was willing to accede to
the wishes of gentlemen, provided the bill will not lose
its priority during the inotug hour.
lie therefore moved that it be postponed until to-mor
row, which was agreed to.
The House went into Committee of the Whole on the
State of the Union on the civil and diplomatic appro
priate n bill.
Mr. Bren ton, moved an amendment, to dispense with
the present por diem of members, and instead give them
annually a salUrv of two thousand dollars.
The Chairman declared it cut of order.
Various amendment, of little or no public importance,
were made, when the committee rose.
Mr. Brown, asked leave to introduce a joint resolu
tio-i. authorizing s he Recrefsrv of State to contract with
\inerican sculptors Tot marble statues of all the 1 ten
i cusnts, commeuci g with Washington.
Objections were made, and the House adjourned.
J Fi b. 17, lvw-
SENATE.
Mr. Sumner presented several petitions in liivor
cle;q> {Kistage. ,
Mr. i’niU presented the memorial of versons engager
as owners or navigators of steam vessels o;i the 1 In-si
pcake Buy, praying the suspension of the steamboat
law of lasi session for nine mo.nhs. ,
Mr. Brodhead [iretented similar petitions fioni I oua
delpliia. ...
Two thousand extra copies of the report o! the ( on - -
missioticr to run and mark the Mexican boundary, and
twotl.o isaui extra copies of Col. J. D. Graham s le
poit on the value subject, were ordered to be pt inteiL
Mr. Underwood, from the committee on foreign
tfons, to whom were referred various memorials on the
subject of securing to American citizens wh.le abioatl,
freedom of conscience, made a report, coticiu ting with
the following n*solu.ions: .
K'We*!, That it would be just and wise on the pan
of the government of” the l ui'od Siutes, in tu ur e ..c..
ties with toieigu nations, to sectue, it practieulue, “
our citizens residing abroad the right of w.-r-.i pi ing
God free.v ami openly, according to the dictates ol
;heir own consciences, by juovidmg that lue; sli.di ..ot
he d.stut bed, molested or annoyed in tuiy tnunnei on
ueeoiitit ofiheir religious belief, nor in the proper exei-
Cise of their peculiar religion, cither witnm their own
private houses, or in chinches, chapels or other plates
aiipointtsl ter public ivorshiji; and dint they snail be a
liberty to build and maintain jilaces ot worslnp m con
venient situations, interfering in no way with, but re
specting the religion and customs of the country in
which thev reside. , _ _ ,
/'/ further, That it would be just and wise m
our future treaties with foreign nations to secure to our
citizens residing abroad the right to purchase and own
burial places, and to bury any ot our citizens dying
abroad in such places with those rel.gious ceremonies
aiul observances deemed appropriate by the surviving
relations and friends of the deceased.
Mr. Douglas reported buck house bills to establish
governments for the territories ot Nebraska and Wash
ington. . , ,
Mr. Walker submitted a resolution, cal.mg’ lorn i>*
ot tlie clerks, and their names, employed in the te ini’
office; ou whose recommendation employed, ana the
time of service of each. Laid over
Mr. Sumner submitted a resolution calling for a state
ment of the amount of postages collected in the L mien
States on the account ot tiic British provinces, since the
postal treat v; agreed to.
Mr. Bright submitted a resolution calling for a copy
of the report on the coal tmues on the western w.i.ers ;
adoiitcd. . . ,
Mr. Weller submitted a resolution, winch was agreed
to, calling for copies of the proimsitions and contracts
nude within the past six mouths, for the the trail spin -
totem of mails from New York, New Orleans and \ era
Cruz to San Francisco —adopted.
The Tehuantepec resolutions were postponed till
Wednesday next.
The l’aciiic Railroad bill was taken up.
Mr. Bell resumed and concluded the remarks com
menced by him in support of the bill on the Ah in
stant.
Mr. Smi.h followed in defence and urgent advocacy
of the bill.
Mr. (Jliase supported Mr. Broadhead s proposed suL
stimte -und then the subject was {instponed.
The Senate proceeded to the consideration of Execu
tive business, and at a late hour adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
The proceedings of the House were commenced to
day with calling the roll.
Mr. Hammond, of Maryland, presented the memorial
of the medical department of the Georgetown College,
asking an appropriation tor the support ot the lntirmaiy,
which was referred to the committee on the District ot
Columbia.
The reciprocity bill coming up in order, Mr. Sey
mour, chairman of the committee on ways and means,
made an opening speech, which he said should be brief,
owing to tlie pressure of public business. He alluded
to the refusal ot the North American Colonies to join
the people of these States in their efforts to procure in
dependence ; the subsequent concessions made to those
colonies, bv which they had attained a < indepen
dence, and are enabled to levy du’ies on imports, lor
the purpose of revenue, and their propositions tor a re
ciprocal free trade, which to a certain extent had been
acceded to by Congress in I*4-% and by the drawback
act, and the question now to lie decided is, wlie her
this country will meet the Colonics, and admit agricul
tural produce free ot duties.
He pointed out the growing importance of the Dale
with the colonies; aud con ended, with reterence to
protection, that anew order of things was arising,
which legislation could not control referred to the
fishery dispute, which the bill reported by the commit
tee would settle, and the consequent opening <>t the*St
Laurence to American vessels. Also that ot tlie river
St. John; and concluded by recommending it to the
favorable consideration of tbe House.
When he had concluded, Mr. Clingntan, of N.
moved an amendment, providing that before the bill
took effect the coasting trade of bo h England and the
United States be opened to the same extent as that
with foreign nations.
Another amendment was projiosed, embracing manu
factured articles among those enumerated in the bill.
Mr. Fuller, of Me., rose near the conclusion of the
morning hour, and commenced a speech in opposition
to the bill. He avowed himself to be a thorough free
trader, but was opposed to free trade or protection being
extended to some articles and not all, and considered it
unfair that while lumber is to be adniified at a low rale
of duty, protection is afforded to tlie iron and coal
interests of Pennsylvania.
The morning hour having expired, Mr. Fuller had to
defer the remainder of his remarks til! to-morrow.
The House then went into t.e whole,
on the state Union, and a*rim took up tlie civil
and diplomatic bill; the clauses and amendments ol
which occupied the remainder of tlie sitting.
During the diversified discussion that took place. Mi.
1!rooks, of Nev, York, endeavored ineffectually to have
a clause- inserted, providing for an issue of gold dollar
ami a half pieces.
Mr. Stanlv called the attention of the House to the
refusal of one of iis clerks to attend us u witness before
the Criminal Court of this District, because lie was otli
cer of the House; for the purpose of giving evidence
as to the gambling houses of this city.
Mr. MeLanahun, of Pa., defended ihV decision ol the
Judge in this case.
Mr Walsh, of Maryland, took the same new ot the
question, and contended that if the officers of the
House could be required to attend the Courts of Justice,
it might materially interfere with the business of tlie
country. He submitted, however, that where such at
tendance is necessary, it could always be attained te
tin application to that effect to the House.
The committee rose without getting through the bill,
and the House adjourned
Tun Ericsson —This noble ship goes to sea next
week; and after cruising about and giving her engines
a fair Irial, will repair to Norfolk. The ship itsell is
equal to any specimen of naval architecture which this
—>v Inis ever turned out; and good judges say that she
>s iviv i.pniKtii wi nei cominamrer, i ipialu i.ow Our,’ ono
is an experienced | acket master.
We look upon the question in regard to al ri- being
anew i/wtiiw power as definitively settled; but there
are those who still doubt, and they will experience the
most intense anxiety until they hear of the Ericsson*
safe arrival at Norfolk, and learn what speed she has
accomplished.
The incalculable advantage, not only to this country,
but to all mankind, of the successful workings of this
new motive power, will at once strike every person of
reffeetiou. ’lhe saving of five-sixths of the fuel not
only renders it the chritj<-4 power with which to navi
gate the ocean ; hut while it is both cheap anil perfectly
sat' 1 , it at once enables a vessel to take in a supply of
fuel tor the longest voyages, and still have a reasonable
amount of space for cargo. But aside hum its effects
upon the commerce of the world, let us look at its im
mediate bearing upon our own city.
We will not attempt to estimate tlie amount of the
stationary steam-power of the city ; but it is very great
—so great that already the Board of Water Commis
sioners are unwilling, or at least not anxious, to increase
their sales for purposes connected with steam-engines;
aud it is perfectly manifest that at no very distant day
the Croton will not be equal to a supply of our city for
domestic and manufacturing purposes. This would
indeed be a great misfortune; but from this ihe caloric
will save us, as well from the present ct>nt of the water
w ith which to create steam. A person using a ten
horse steam engine pays the corporation one hundred
dollars per annum for the water used by it; which is
equal to six per cent, upon Dent ten hand, -e /do l,rx. —
Now, for two hundred dollars, or twenty dollars per
horse-power, he can purchase the right to use the caloric
engine forever; and ilius effect an immediate saving of
fifteen hundred dollars upon the material alone, with
which to create his power, und a subsequent saving of
five-sixths in the fuel, besides getting rid of the entire
risk of explosion, and the consequent increased instu
auce. In truth, it is impossible to estimate the value of
this groat discovery to the civilized world.—iV. York
(Joor.er, 11 th.
MAKtit.iac.—Dr. Forbes Winslow, of mar
riage, says : “Nothing delights me morq than to enter
ihe neat little tenement of the young couple, who w ith
in j erliaps two or three years, without any resources
but their own knowledge of industry, have joined heart
and hand, and engaged to share together the responsi
bilities, duties, interests, trials, and pleasures of life.—
The industrious wife is cheerfully employing her own
hands in domestic duties, putting her house in older,
or mending her husbana s clothes, or preparing the
dinner, while, perhaps, the little darling sits prattling
on the floor, or lies sleeping in the cradle, and every
thing seems preparing to welcome the happiest of hus
bands, and tlie best oi fathers, when he shall come home
from his toil to enjoy the sw eet* of his little paradise.
This is the true domestic pleasure. Health, content
mold, love, abundance, and bright prospects, are uil
here But it has become a prevalent sentiment, that a
man must acquire his fortune before he marries, that
tlie wife must have no sympathy, nor share with him
in pursuit of it, in which most pleasure truly consists;
and the voting married pcinle must set out wiih as
large and expensi re an establishment as is becoming
those who have been wedded for twenty veins. This
is very unhappy; it fills the community with bachelors,
who are wailing to make their fortunes, endangering
virtue und promoting vice; ft destroys the true econo
my and design ot the domestic institution, and pr<-
motes inefficiency among females, who ate expecting to
be taken up by a fortune, and passively sustained, with
out utiy care or concern on their part, and thus many a
wife becomes, as a gentleman onto rental ked, not a
4 hel{einate,’ but a help-cast”
It is said that the International Copy-Right
Treaty is likely to be signed and sent to the Semite next
week. The American autliore, as well as the British
authors, desire it, and many of the American publishers
are cow in lavor of it. The balance of the advantages
of the arrangement will be in favor of the Americans.
MACON, GEORGIA :
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1853.
The Races.
The Spring Meeting over the Central Course begins
to-dav. At the hour at which -e went to press on yes
terday evening, the entries for to-day’s races had not
b on made. From the number of stables in attendance
md the completeness of the ariungemants upon the
Course, we anticipate fine sport for the next four days
if the w eather is not unfavorable.
Judge of the South Western Circuit.
We understand that W. 11. Pbkkins, ot Randolph,
E II Brown, of Sumter, (the present incumbent,) and
Richard F. Lyon, of Baker, arc candidates for the office
of Judge of the South-Western Cir.-nit. Mr. Lyon is
the nominee of the Democratic party. The electiou is
by the people, and will take place on -Monday next.
l-dT The Hon James C. Dobbin lias been appointed
bv Gov. Reid, of North Carolina, to the seat in the U.
S. Senate, which will be vacated by the Hon. 1\ illic 1 .
Mi'.ngum on the 3d day of March next. Mr. Dobbin
was the regular democratic nominee for this position,
before the Legislature of North Carolina, nt its recent
session ; but failed to be elected on account of the de
fection of Gcu. Romulus Saunders and a few of his
friends. The right of Mr. Dobbin to take (lie seat, un
lev an Executive appointment, will, doubtless, be con
tested.
The Maine Legislature has failed, as yet, to elect a
United States Senator. The Demoorats have a decided
majority, but are divided between Clifford and Dana-
The next balloting for Senator will take place on the
Mh of March, and if, in the meantime, the divisions
among tlie Democracy are not reconciled, Fessenden,
the whig nominee, may be elected.
RAILROADS.
Extension of tiie South-Western Rail Road.
—Tbe Engineers are now actively engaged in survey
ing a route from Oglethorpe to Americus. They have
passed over one of the proposed lines, and find the
distance to be nineteen and a half miles. They are
now on a second route, and will probably survey a
third, when one of them will be selected. The pros
poets are highly favorable for the early completion of
this road. All the stock required to he taken by the
citizens of Sumter, has been subscribed tor, and the
first instalment paid in.
The terminus of this road, must, for some time, re
main at Americus, which is now a flourishing village’
Ow ing to its established character for health, handsome
location, and the high reputation of its inhabitants, it
will he resorted to as a place of residence for many
wealthy planters residing in less favored sections; and
wc would not be surprised if it should, in a few yeaiß )
be equal in business and population to any other
town in South-Western Georgia.
The Eatonton and Milledgoville Railroad, we
learn, is nearly completed. The cars now run daily to
within three miles of the former place, and arrange
ments have been made to convey passengers, w ithout
delay, from this point to the town of Eatonton.
yjf We learn (by a polite invitation which we have
received to attend a celebration of the event) that tlie
cars of tbe Atlanta and West Point Railroad reached
LaGrivnge on the 27th inst. The remaining seventeen
miles of the road, from LaGrange to West Point, are
nearly completed, and soon there will be a continuous
line of Railroad between the cities of Montgomery and
Charleston.
Mr. Badger’s nomination as an associate Justice
of the Supreme Court of the United States, has been
indefinitely postponed, which, we suppose, is equivalent
to its rejection. This action of the Senate has been
variously commented upon by the press, according to
the political or local prejudices of its conductors. The
lli.* in den Union opposed the confirmation of Badger
from the outset, upon the ground that he was a Feder
alist, and the echoes of the Metropolitan organ repeated
the charge, without careing to know what it meant. —
Mr Badger is a Christian gentleman, an üblc lawyer,
and a fine specimen of a Whig politician. Ihe charge
of Federalism against him, is nothing but a part of the
policy which the Democratic Party has always pursued
of charging upon Whiggcrv, and upon W big states
men principles and objects w hich they do not profess.
Chief Justice Taney and Justice Wayne, of the Su
preme Court, are better Federalists, iu the common ac
ceptation of the term, than Senator Badger, because
they have, in the responsible position of administrators
of the law, luid in the solemn form of judicial decisions,
upheld and /maintained those principles ami p<jimoi
opinions for which Badger is charged with Federalism.
Taney and Wayne were ultra and radical Democrats at
the time of their appointment. They have gradually
become under the severe discipline and weighty res
ponsibilities of their position, as conservative as Mr.
Badger always has been, and deserve much more than
the Senator from North Carolina, the denunciations of
the Union. And whoever may he hereafter appointed
to the Supreme Court Bench ; and whatever may be
his political faith, the Union must expect to see him
under the influences of judicial studies, judicial experi
ence, and judicial responsibilities, gradually approach
ing that just medium in political opinion, between
Federalism and progressive Democracy, which has been,
and is now occupied by the National IV bigs ot the
Union. In other words, it must expect to see Demo
crats, when removed from the influences of party, in
independent judicial positions, gradually becoming
Whigs, or as the Union would call them, Federalists.
Mr. Badger resides out of the Judicial
which the vaaancy exists, which lie'has J}- tQ ,‘ is C(jt>
to fill. Ibis a we do not regret his re
tirotation ; appointment belongs to the present
Administration—the vacancy occurred last year, and
the Senate of the United States lias no right to make
the appointing power of the President a nullity, by
summarily rejecting his nominations, to keep the office
vacant until a Democratic President can fill it with a
Democrat. There are gentlemen residing in Louisiana,
against whom no objection can be urged; and we trust
that President Fillmore will send to the Senate the
name of some such man as W. C. Macou, t hat it muv
have no excuse to hold the office open so the disposal
of President Pierce
In our last issue we noticed an article in the
January number of Blackwood upon the subject of
slavery in the Southern States. Since then our atten
tion has been called to an elaborate and able review of
the same article, by a correspondent of the Chronicle
and Sentinel, who writes from Washington City. We
publish this article to-day on our first page, together
with tin* editorial comments of the C>t‘on Plant, into
which it has been copied, and commend it to the atten
tion of our readers, as it overthrows the reasoning and
the contusions of Blackwood by stubborn facts und
statistics. The January number of the Wcttminder
Jteciew contains an article entitled 44 American Slavery
and Emancipation by the Free States,” which is even
more unjust aud more virulent than the article in
Blackwood. The Westminster Reviewer quotes Mrs.
Stowe, Hildreth, Fred Douglass aud other fugitive
slaves, as Ins authorities against tlie institutien of sla
very -endorses the vilest slanders which have been
originated against the South by the vilest abolitionists
of the North—proposes emancipation by the Northern
party in Congress, and coolly speculates upon the con
sequences of such legislation.
These English attacks upon the social institutions of
the South, are stimulated by the Abolition Press of the
North and endorsed by them. Against this impudent
interference by Northern and English fanatics in its af
fairs, the South should present an unbroken front, and
preserve at feast the morale of public sentiment at the
South, upon the subject of slavery,—by refusing to
fraternize or affiliate with tiny class #r party at the
North ; who join with English allies in a crusade agiust
the domestic quiet and tlie prosperity of the South.—
We do not fear English attacks upon our social insti
tutions, w hen we know they are instigated by a nation
al jealousy of asocial progress and social prosperity at
the South, which England cannot attain, and which the
attacks of her press cannot affect. But we should re
sent (lie agitation of the subject of slavery at the north,
uhieh has given rise to these attacks, aud proscribe the
men who have been conspicuous in their efforts to cre
ate this agitation, and to array against the South tlie
public opinion of the world upon the subject of slavery-
The abolitionists of the North have placed us iu an an
t agonist position to the test of the world, upon a qus_
tiou affecting our interests, the existence of our social
system, and the continuance of our prosperity. As
long as fanaticism exists in this world, we must occupy
this position. Compromise measures have not changed
it, and resolutions of political conventions cannot alter
it; and the sooner these facts are recognized, the b. t.
ter it will be for the South and for the Union. Politi
cal parties have been and arc now the cause of that
want of unity of sentiment aud of action, at the South’
which her condition demands. Southern men act with
reference to the immediate interests of party, rather
than to remote contingencies in the position of the
South.
This fact is shown in the present position of the
Southern Rights l’arty of Georgia, fliat party mo
nopolized ali devotion to Southern Rights, and all zeal
for its honor, in 1350, mul to-day is clamorous for par
ticipation in the honors and spoils of an administra
tion, when it cannot know its policy with regard
to the South, hut does know Ihut tree Soilers
will belong to aud probably control it. The pas
sion for plunder and for office has become stronger
than their zeal for the honor or interests of the South ;
and they hasten to give in their adhesion to an Admin
istration, without regard to the principles or toe
men who shall control it, ami become the apologists for
Pix, for A. 0. Flagg, and other prominent Free Soilers,
who are spoken of in connection with Cabinet ap
pointments. The Democrat Party of Wooigia, is today
committed to the support of the Administration of Gei -
eiai Pierce, whatever may be its character or its policy,
and ready to unite with the Ki ev Soil wing of the 1 arty
to ostracise the Union Democracy of the South.—
Who denies this fact ? or who can tail to see in it the
operation of tlic same causes —political passions, jeal
ousies, and interests—w hich have heretofore pieventid
the Union of the South, and distracted its counsels;—
ami which must continue to do so, until some terrible
crises arrives upon the slavery question, which shall
unite us bv the necessity of self-preservation.
2 .-r* We copy the following article from the Colttm.
bus Enquirer, and endorse every one of its suggestions.
The Supreme Court has encountered some opposition
since its organization, but it has not skaken the conli
dcnce of the people in it, as the best feature of their
judiciary system, and as the necessary and indispeusible
part of it, which must be retained. The organic law
of the Court however, has some defee s which should
be remedied. An itinerant appellate tribunal, forced
by the law which organized it, to decide without libra
ries, and w ith the haste of the old courts of p'e pou ’re,
upon weighty questions of law, involving the reputa
tions, lives and property of the citizens of the State, is
an anomalous a flair. These features in the organiza
tion of the Court must be defects as long as fallible
men preside over it, and we think they are recognized
as such by the great mass of the people Whatever
party mav be in power in the next legislature, they can
effect no more popular or useful legislation, than that
w hich shall perfect the organization of ou highest ju
dicial tribunal.
The Supreme Court
The Judges of this tribunal, after a session of nearly
three weeks, closed their labors on Wednesday last.
Many important causes were submitted for their final
adjudication, all ot w hich were considered with a pa
tience and attention which gave earnest of a desire to
administer and settle the laws of the State. That many
ot their decisions will not give satisfaction to interested
parties against whom they are rendered, is not to be
wondered at Whole a man goes to law, lie is very
apt to argue himselt into the conclusion that lie is right,
and a decision against him, no matter how plain may
be the principles of law governing the case, is at once
regarded as an outrage on his rigliis, and tills him with
an abundance of wrath. In the ebulltions of this wrath
“the court that passes on his rights of person, or proper
ty, generally comes in for a liberal allowance ot abuse.
The .Supreme Court, being a tribunal in most cases of
the last resort, is peculiarly the subject of t his kind of
abuse. In tire courts below', a party feels that, no mat
ter how liis cause may be decided, he has the light of ap
pealing to a higher tribunal, and consequently bottles
ui> his tile uni it bis final doom is pronounced. By this
time he is brimfull, aud pours it out with a spirit some
what akin to the angels mentioned in revelation. To
abuse the law aud the court is all that is left him.
Attorneys are very apt, too, to sympathize with aud
participate in the feelings of their clients, w hen the l;rw
is pronounced against them. They will occasionally
raise a note of murmuring discontent, and sometimes
break out in long and loud complaints.—These instances
are however rare, for the members of thai learned pro
fession are generally well enough acquainted with the
laws to know that every decision made against them is
not the result of ignorance, or corruption The mass
of the people who Lave a deep and abiding interest in
the certainty of the law, as w ell as in its pure and steady
administrat ion, look on with pleasure at the patience of
the court aud feel that their lives, liberty, and property,
are secure in the bands of an able, learned, and it uucor
ruptiblc magistracy. They desire to know what the
laws are, and to understand something of what they may
expect w hen they are unfortunate enough to be compel
led to engage in litigation. This lesson the Supreme
Court is daily teaching them.
Whilst on tliis subject, we hope to be pardoned for a
suggestion or two relative to some features in the or
ganization of this court. The constitution, as well ns
the fundamental law creating this tribunal, requires the
judges to travel over the State in the discharge of their
important and responsible duties. This seems to us to
be a radical defect, and subjects the judges to an amount
of labor, and travel, and expense, injurious to them,
and beneficial to nobody. We know that this provision
was inserted to do aw ay with the prejudices of many
honest citizens who entertained the opinion, now found
... Lt. amouuous. that it would be sometimes necessary
for parties and \vitnMim to be iu aiteittlance. txpe
rience has demonstrated the faliacy of this opinion, and
showed that the attendance of neither is necessary.
Why then not change at once the strange feat-tine in the
organic law, and locate the court at one or two places
ot easv access to the judges and attorneys’ These are,
reallv” the only persons who have any business at the
sittings of the Supreme Court, aud, so far as our obser
vation goes, are the only ones that do attend. W e ven
ture the opinion, that there are not ten attorneys m the
State who would not agree to the location ot the eouit
iit the seat of Government, or some other central or con
venient position. . . ~ ... - . . „
There is another provision which it would be well
to amend. The judges are required to deliver their
opinions, in every case tried before them, dining the
term. Now in ordinary cases, there may be no hard
ship in this. Where the principles ot law involved arc
few and well understood, they may be able to decide as
well in an hour as in three months; but where unsettled
and important points are presented, on the proper deci
sion of which the lives, and liberties, and fortunes of
our citizens depend. a.-f where the principles of law,
which must f -<rn in the decision ot such points, are
, ..ui through the wagon-loads of authorities piled
up in the lawyer’s libraries, access to some of which
probably cannot be had in a day or a week, it would
seem but reasonable and right that the judges, from
whose decision there is no uppeul, should have some
thing like a reasonable length of time to make up that
decision, and delii *• their opinion. This they could do
in a month or so. Nobody could be injured bv ihe
short delay, and the cause of public justice might be
essentially beuelitted.
President Fillmore at Home.— The annexed reso
lutions, so proper both in sentiment and language, have
been adopted bv the Mayor and Common Council of
the city of Buffalo.
“The eminently pure and successful administration of
Mr. Fillmore being about to terminate—
"Resa'red, That we congratulate him upon his ap
proaching release from a position which he never cove
ted, and in w Inch he has so nobly won an enduring
place in his gateful country’s history: and upon his re
turn to the more congeniel avocations of unofficial life,
where alone patriotic services can be reconciled with
private felicity, we share with our fellow-citizens of
Buffalo the just pride and general joy with which they
look forward to his residence among us.
“ Resolred, That the enthusiasm ot his reception
would be augmented, and the highest pleasure conferred
upon the people of our city, if he should, on his return
to us, be accompanied by the distinguished statesmen
who have participated in the care and shared in the
glory of her Administration ; and we earnestly request
them so to enable us to testify our respect and gratitude
for their high character and eminent public services.
“ Ji’ -t tli /, That his honor the Mayor communicate
these resolutions to Mr. Fillmore aud to each mem
ber of his Cabinet.”
The Agitation in Missouri.
The annexed resolutions were introduced into the
Missouri Legislature on the sth itisf., by Mr. Blair:
Joint Resolutions rescinding the resolutions upon
the subject of slavery, approved March to, 1*49, com
monly known ns the Nullification Resolutions.
Kenolrtdhy the General Attend ly <f the Stats <f JA
souri, That the people of this State love the Union
which was formed by our ancestors, and that they will
maintain it at all hazards, against the attacks of North
ern and Southern fanatics. Abolitionists and Nullitiers.
2. That the resolves upon the subject of slavery, ap
proved March in, ls.pj, contain treasonable doctrines of
nullification ; and that they do not express the senti
ments of the people of this Stale, and are herefiy re
pealed.
The resolutions gave rise to a hot debate, whicn was
kept up during the day, and appeared likely to continue
for some time. .
National I’ki/.e Soso.- A long advertisement ap
pears in the Washington papers over the signature if
R. W. Latham, Esq., well known us a banker in that
eitv, offering *SOO a> a prize tor the best national poem,
ode, or epic. Mr. Latlmui’s announcement displays a
blended spirit of patriotism, charity and liberality. He
names a number of distinguished gentlemen, any three
of whom are to act as arbiters in the mutter, who will
make their decision on the tit st .Monday in December
next, at the Smithsonian Institute, and the conditions
are, that i lie an hr or authoress shall bean American
citizen, and all the writers iu sending him their com
munications, post paid, are to accompany them with a
full and complete conveyance of the copy right to him,
his heirs and ussgns forever. He then binds and ob
ligates himself to sell the poems thus sent to him, us
soon as practicable, for the highest price, aud to give
the proceeds to the poor of the city of Washington. No
] oeru w ill be considered as subject to this prize, w hich
shall not have been written subsequent to its odor, aud
received before the tirst Monday in December next.
Mr. Huhard, the artist, having obtained per
mission of the Virginia Legislature, is engaged iu taking
a cast of iloudon s celebiated sia ue of Washington,
now in the Capitol at Kichmnml. This statue, it is sla
ted, was moddelled, alter due consultation with Frank
lin and Jefferson, in the actual costume w hich the great
man wore, and ft out casts taken of his head by the ar
tist himseif, then considered one of the greatest of liv
ing sculptors. Washington, Jefferson and othei s regal fl
ed it as au excellent likeness, better even than Stuart’s
picture, and any other picture which has been made.
We have received the Februaiy number of the
Souther a CaU ‘vitor, containing the proceedings of the
Executive Committee of the Southern Central Agi icul
t iral Society, at its meeting in December last in Au
gusta, and the list of premiums for the Fair of 1853.
From this we have selected that portion relating u.
Field Crops, which we publish below for the infortna*
tioti of our agricultural friends. The Premium List i;
very liberal and well-arranged as a w hole, but we find
i.i it some of the faults which have existed i; every
list offered by the Society. One of these—the in os,
prominent and. the most unpardonable —is, that the
premimns are arranged wi.hout regard to the value ot
the article for which they are offered, or to the position
it occupies in relation to the Society and its avowed ob
ects. In the list before ns, for instance, a premium < f
rifty dollars in value is offered for the largeat collection
of Fancy Pigeons, and one of twenty dollars! in value
for the best lot of Cotton. We might give other in
stances, showing iliis lau.lt of the Premium List. \\ e
know that the Society lias a great many objects in view
—that it proposes to patronize and encourage every
ihing remotely connected with the legitimate objects ot
its creation, and to make its Fairs exhibitions of the
whole industry of the State. They are not simply and
strictly Agricultural Fairs; hut, at the same time, Cat
tle .Shows, Exhibitions of Mechanical Art, and displays
of the induslry, taste, skill, enterprise, or talent ol the
people of the State, ill any and every thing. In tlum
we may tind beet-quilts aud manures, squashes and ag
riculiural poems, steam engines and boquets, plows and
laces, colts and bonnets, essays on the treatment of ne
groes and artificial teeth, straw-cutters and daguerreo
types, and almost every thing else which can employ
the hands or brains of a man. To prepare a Premium
List for such exhibitions, which shall be correct and,
proper in all its details, is impossible. We cannot ex
pect this; but we have a right to expect that the Exec,
utivc Committee of a State Agricultural Society, should
know what arc the great industrial interests of the
State of Georgia, and should regard them as first enti.
tied to their fostering care and to their premiums. We
have a right to expect that they should know that cot
ton growing is the business of the people ot Georgia
in which is expended their time, capital, enterprise and
energy, and that it is a more important business than
the rearing of Fancy Pigeons or the construction o’
boquets. They do know these things, and yet they
would seem not to know them, to any one who w.ll
criticise closely the Premium List they have prepared.
The difficulty is, that our Agricultural Society has at.
tempted too much in its Annual Fairs, and has lost sight
of the prominent object of its creation. Thai cbjeo
was to promote a general diihision ol agncultuiai
knowledge, and to improve our systems of agriculture
This object is not accomplished by a great unwieldy
show of articles which have, or which have not, con
nection with agriculture. The energy and the enter
prise of our Agricultural Society is wasted and spent
in getting tiv au annual show, which is without profit
aud without practical results. The Soil <f the South
and the Southern CnlGrutor do more in a twelve-month
for the cause of Agriculture, than our State Society has
accomplished during the whole period of its existence.
We are not opposed to the policy of Fairs. They
mav do good when they are properly conducted and
have a definite olject in view. The shows of the Agri
cultural Society have no distinct object or character-
They are not Agricultural F’airs, or Cattle Shows, or
Mechanical Exhibitions, but Omn'urn ejatherums, con
fused collections of miscellaneous articles, which dis
tract and weary the attention, and involve an amount
of expense and labor entirely disproportioned to the
good they effect or the amusement they afford. The
same amount of money, of talent aud of labor, which
are expended upon them, would sustain experimental
farms in every county in the State, and give to every
agriculturist in it, education suited to his wants.
Annual Fairs, however, we presume, will continue to
be employed as the chief agencies in diffusing agricul
tural knowledge and promoting agricultural improve
ment, and it is our duty to contribute our mite in sus
taining them. In our next issue we shall publish the
Premium List entire.
Field Crops.
1. For the largest crop of Cotton produced up
on one acre of upland, with the mode of cul
tivation, the amount and kind of manure used,
the period of planting, the number of times
plowed and hoed, the Lind of cotton ; the land
to be measured and the cotton weighed in the
presence of three disinterested and reliable
witnesses, with certificate from them—pitcher SSO 00
2. For the largest crop of cotton produced upon
‘ one acre of low land , (the some requisition as
upon an acre of upland,) 50 00
3. For the largest crop of Pea 5 ine Hay, one
bale to be sent as a sample, with a certificate
of quantity made—silver cup 20 CM)
4. For the largest crop of Native Grass Ilav, the
same, as above • - • 20 00
5. For the largest crop of Y oreign tiruss Hay,
the same as above 20 00
G. For the largest crop of Corn grown upon oae
Hereof upland, not less than 75 bushels; the
period of planting, the mode of cultivation,
kind of corn, times plowed and hoed, the
amount and kind of manure applied; the land
and corn measured in the presence of three
disinterested and reliable witnesses, with their
certificates—a silver pitcher worth 50 00
7. For the largest crop of corn grown upon one
acre of hue land, not less than 100 bushels
per acre (requisition as upon upland Corn t.. 50 o 0
8. For the largest crop of wheat i broadcast)
grown upon one acre of land, not less than 20
bushels per acre, nor under 0o pounds per
bushel; the land and wheat to be measured,
and under the same requisition in all t/nnjs
ns above 25 00
9. For the largest crop of wheat (drilled i grown
upon one acre of land, not less than 20 bush
els per acre, nor less than Go pounds per bush
el, (requisition thesame as upon the above!.. 25 00
It'. For the largest crop of lon’ Lind Rice, on one
acre, not less than luO bushels 50 00
11. For the largest crop of Oats, kind, Ac., raised
per acre 20 00
12. For the largest crop of Rye, kind, Ac., raised
per acre 10 00
13. For the largest crop of Barley, kind, Ac,
raised per acre 10 00
re. For the largest crop of Sweet Potatoes raised
per acre, one-eighth of an acre to be dug, and
certificates of the yield by disinterested per
sons furnished 20 00
15. For the largest crop of Irish Potatoes raised
per acre 20 00
IG. r’or the largest crop of Turnips raised per
acre 10 00
17. For the largest crop of Ground Peas or Pin
dars, raised per acre 10 00
18. For the largest crop of Field Peas raised per
acre 10 00
19. Best box of Chewing Tobacco, Southern
raised 5 00
20. Best box of Cigars from Southern raised To
bacco 5 00
21. Best sample of Southern raised Smoking To
bacco a 00
Exhibitors of all the above crops must state in wri
ting, in fall, to the Secretary, ail the requisitions as
laid down for Corn, Cotton, Ac., as above, when the ar
ticles are entered upon his books for exhibition, with
the witnesses’certificate for the measurement of lands
and pounds and bushels per acre; without which the
judges will be required to withhold their awards, and
exhibitors not complying with these requisitions, will
not be allowed to compete for the premiums of the So
ciety.
sajipi.es or field chops.
1. For the best and greatest variety of the differ
ent kinds of Corn, which mu 4 he raised and
exhibited by the game individual, with two or
more specimen ears of each kind $lO 00
2. For the best and greatest varie y of the differ
ent kinds of Wheat, raised and exhibited by
the same individual, with twelve samp'.es of
each kind in the ear 10 00
3. For the best and greatest variety of the Sweet
Potato, half bushel of each kind, collected by
any individual from a single county in this
State, or from anv one conntv in an adjoining
State ’. 10 0O
4. For the besi and greatest variety of the Field
Pea, raised and exhibited by the same individ
ual, (sample) one peek ot each kind 10 On
5. For the best and greatest variety of up,and
Cotton, raised and exhibited by the same indi
vidual, two samples of each kind in staik ... 10 00
G. For the best samples of Sea island Colton, in
stalk lo 00
7. For the best one bushel of Corn, with six or
more (sample) ears 5 00
8. For the best one bushel of Wheat, with 12 or
more ; sample) ears 5 oo
9. For the best bushel o! lowland Rice, clean,., 000
10. “ “ “ Oats 5 00
11. “ “ “ live 2UO
12. “ “ “ Barley .. 5 00
13. “ “ “ Field Peas, must profil
itable for general cultivation 5 00
14. For the best bushel of Ground Peas 3 00
15. “ “ “ Sweet Potatoes, tor gen
eral use 5 ( J)
IG. For the best bushel of Irish Potatoes for gen
oral use ‘*■’
17. For (lie best and greatest variety ot f t , i..-
cludiug iji-u.sk seeds, raised and exhibited by
oue individual, and adapted to the Sou.li, —
cup 10 00
Exhibitors of crops, must give in writing to ihe Sec
retary a full account of each crop offered—its adapta
tion ior profitable cultiva ion, Ac. Exhibitors of Day,
must give the mode of cultivating, curing, harvesting,
Ac.
COTTON* BALES.
For the Irest 20 bales of Upland Cotton >2O 00
“ “ lo “ “ “ 15 00
“ “ 5 “ “ “ 10 00
“ “ i “ “ ■< 500
“ “ 5 “ Sea Island Cotton 20 00
The Cotton must be ou the Fair Ground during- the
Exhibition, to ciaim the premium.
Ci.Aqrtfcs.—ln Paris there have been for
in the : e n s v.h it are c Jls and clnipjcre - a o, {:-p I
lie mm ageisfo applaud the plays Jf a new J■
new actor were on hand these men gather.-d ° r . a ;
V :, I by their applause overwhelmed nil o pp ‘' ll j
hits making a fieri! ions reputation in the ea °t! T
-• ued ha! they sit in a consol.da td fcodv iu toe - *’ i
ot :he pit, just under the chandelier. They aie w’’,
o order before .he audi. nee, aud concentrate ffie-r > ,
■es in to. te. They a e mu,aged and led bv a < i :> ‘ ‘
W , .m, vm, rehearses with the arms, and” who
• ‘ - l! ’\* or hegmmrg and stop; t::g.- When the n4*
to and line i\c ho leader ot’s cl lies stitsat hall it, . 1
people euiiugb are to be found who will ray the * I
halfmappsure. What spectators me ce!?ci<£X
tie nab o auuiit ijis men for r.otliir.g. j hi> j,.....
iiiuisel; employed by an associa'al company wl r ‘ I
made this i,s business for all the then'res in Pai-C Tr
com; any goes by the name of Unter or ire ,2t ■’
1). unuitip e. - 1 * • ■ I
Notwithstanding the existence .f tliis svs* • •
Jeui. to every man in Paris, it is still insited on ‘’?i j
cons.derabie expense, by the managers of thethea! j
The government, we see by the lasi accounts J las r
solved to abolish it, and rest, re freedom to the pit \’- I
less singular is the fact that the government deem i , I
ccssiirv to interfere at all in the matter.
A Paris letter says:
The sys.em originated in ihe indclcr.ee of the I
audiences, who will not give themselves the troid;!..’ •, |
applaud, even when they approve. And everybody
knows that at certain moments, after certain pas's ;.*-i
applause is positively necessary, not precisely as .V*er
couragement, but to till in the gaps, and to cover t| l; .
pauses and silences. By degress, abuses stepped in
very poor actors, finding that applause was to bo had
lor >he hiring, would give the ch.J at clique live ;k,„c
piece, and w ould at once become, apparently a pubic
liivoriie. Ai.d_.hcu all the rest would follow suit, it
is now an unmitigated bore, audtiioqukki-rthe govern
ment uproots the system, the more hearty thanks will
it get fiom ali friends of art.
A Vorxo Indian Girl Convict li> ok Larcekt.—An
nie R. Cooper, an Indian girl, has been convicted on
two indictments for Ihe larceny of a gold watch and a
daguerreotype l.keness in Philadelphia. It appears
from the evidence that she has been in the practice of
pilfering articles from the houses \ here she was enga
ged as seamstress, a portion of which she made presents
oftw oceriani ladies of the city Being a young wo j
man of good education, and of considerable intelligence
she corresponded with the wife of the Rev. Mr Clarks,
who conducts a religious magazine, amt represented
herself as a Southern girl, giving her name as Anaie
Grey son. Some of these letters were exhibited in court
and while they show the prisi nzr to be a well educated
and strong-minded women, they at the same time prove
ihe gross deception she has p-ac iced. To carry on
her deception she stole a daguern ■t> j * the daughter
of Mr. Lewis Lyons, aud sent it Mrs. Clarke as the
picture of “Annie Greyson,” her . sumed name. H •
got another daguerreotype of two children of a Air.
Hart, aud rent it also as memij. ; sos the Greyson fami
ly. She introduced rcligous lopics into her letters,
which she enlarged uj on with much abil'tv and appa
rent sincerity*. It came out on the ex filiation that
she has written for Godey’s Aiaga: ’ .e ; and others of
equal celebrity.
Her co m e!, Wm. E. I.e’ man, ’echoed defending
her in the second case. She ais . ..cri her own defence,
and though the testimony wa direct against her, she
made a most ingenious and .. , one. Her address to I
the jury, says the Sun, was marked by a great com- J
maud of language, intensity of feeling, and depth of I
thought. The effect of her eloquence and chasteness of I
language was visible in the countenances of her jurors,
and Mr. Mann, for the prosecution, found it necessary
to make a second speech against her. She explained
her apparent guilt by saying that she took the daguer
reotype, and the other small articles, for the purpose of
mystifying her correspondence, by presenting iliem to
her correspondents. She contended that the artless
story of the young witness, w hose mind had been im
pressed with licr mysticims, should not be permitted to
weigh heavily against her, and concluded with an im
prisoned appeal to their better feelings.
Yachting Extraordinary.—Cornelius Vanderbilt,
to whom lias long been conceded the title of “Commo
dore” of the domestic steam fleet of New York, and who
has also carried into successful operation the plan of a
route to the I’acilie via Lake Nicaragua, is now prepar
ing to visit Europe and Asia, in a steam yacht of 235a j
tons.
After disposing of his interest in the Nicaragua line
to the Transit Company, there remained upon his hands
the frame of a steamship of the above tonnage. This
immense ship he at once determined to lit up as a plea- ,
sure yacht, and, with a select party of relatives and I
friends, to visit the principal cities of Europe on the At
lantic, and the cities bordering on the Medherrancaii. ]
The ship will be launched from the yard of her builder. |
Mr. Jeremiah Simonson, about the Ist ot next month, I
and is expected to take her departure by the middle *>t
May. Phe will have a double beam engine, from the |
Allaire Works. The state-rooms, cabins, ate., are all
to be finished with satin wood, decorated with gold.—
The state-rooms will be of double size, furnished with
French bedsteads, unlike any other steamship. All the
between decks will form a clear space for entertain
ments. The main saloon will be Inn feet in length by
4” feet wide. The “ladies’ ordinary” will be another
veiy handsome apartment. The joiner work is d<:
bv Air. Charles Simonson. It is calculated to spend on
the trip $200,000; and the whole expense, including
the cost of the steamer, will probably be not far from
half a million dollars. Among tio cities to be visited
are Liverpool, which will be the first port reached,
Dublin, Havre, Paris, Cadiz, Constantinople, Croustadt,
and the ports of the Mediterranean. —A. I. Journal j
Commerce.
Cuba.—Air. Fuller, of the New York Mirror iu a let
ter from Cuba, states some interesting: tacts, lie gives
Ue population of tbe island a! about one million, one
, halt being slaves. There are also about oue hundred
and tweuty thousand free blacks. He says: —“The
number of slaves in the Alfonso family, including all
their estates, is about five thousand. They aie well led
and humanely treated. The lash, though always present
is seldom used; and then the most cruel and vindictive
whipper is the colored ‘mayoral,’ not the white over
seer The Planters themselves have little or nothing
to do with their negroes. Some of them allow their
slaves to come to them personally, with their wants,
wishes, aud grievances; aud these humane gentlemen
find that nothing is lost in fulfilling the universal laiv
of kindness. As tar as I have seen, the proprietors are
anxious to promote the comfort, health, and happiness
of their slaves. No doubt there are exceptions to the
general rule; but they at e much rater than certain per
sons would have us believe.
The great and increasing scarcity of slaves in Cuba,
renders it a matter o f Self intend with the planters, to
keep them, not only in good working, but a healthy
condition. To this end they must be well fed and not!
over tasked, particularly the females. A negro boy,
four or live years oid, is valued at three hundred nud
fifty dollars, and is decidedly worth raising. A few
years since the Cubans obtained permission from Gov
ernment to import Chinese laborers; and there are pro
bably some seven or eight thousand on the Island.
These men bind themselves to work v ‘ght years, at the
rate of tour dollars and a half a tnoi.to. At tlie expire
lion of the time they are permitted to return or remain
in Cuba. The demand for labor is i,.creasing so rapid
ly in the Island, that orders lor very large importations
have been sent to China the present year. The Cubans
would prefer to bring over laborers from Spain; but the
Government will noi permit.”
Counterfeit Savannah Bills.—We have been
shown two counterfeit SSO bills of the old plate of ibe
J farm’ and F- / e Insurance Han’- >f Sucannah, with
the beeliivc vignette in the centi; ‘ The general style
of the engraving, the tilling up, ... uper, signatures
and size of the bills, would eu ‘ .>.• au experienced eye
to readily detect the counterfeit The unpractised may
distinguish the spurious bill by measuring from the in
side of the circular dies on the top of each margin, from
right to the left. On the genuine bills the space be
tween these dies is 4 8-10 iuelie-—m the spurious, the
distance is only 4 G-lO inches. T . .if one has only a
counterfeit bill on hand, he inn . et it without com
paring it with a genuine one, b uremeut.
No issue of this old plate, ... he bee-hive in the
centre, has lieen made since Is , and no more will be
made hereafter, as the later issues of the bank of >■
and *IOO bills have been made from anew plate There
are but few bills of the old kind now in circulation, and
no more will be paid out in the future. There need lie
no apprehension, therefore, that the public will suffer
any material loss from these counterfeits. — Sa- an.iah
Republican, 12 th en and.
Large .Sale of Negroes.—Messrs. Capers and Hey-1
ward sold at auction -yesterday a gang of negroes, be
longing to the estate ot John H. .Mclntosh, of Duval
county, Fla., 20'.< in number, for -$97,4*-5, averugirg
per head. They were sold in families, and there ,
was an unusual proportion of young children. One (
family of ten averaged $505 each, and another of tea J
averaged sGlo each.
Mr. Thomas 1). Cotidy sold at the same time a gang
of 49 negroes, belonging to the estate of J. MeLcoU, t* r
$30,G55, or an average ol SG2S per head. One family
of 7 averaged $7lO each, and a family of G averaged
*7 :0 each. Mr. Coudy also sold two other gangs, one ot
G-i, and the oilier of s<i, at similar prices, but the punicu
lars of which we could not learn. I’l iinc field hands
ranged from $920 to >IO2O.
These sales, comprising in the aggregate 327 slaves,
show a considerable advance in the value of this kind
of property, the prices being higher than have been
obtained in the city for tlie last, twenty-live year.-.
Iter., 1 Uh Inst.
“ A Strike.”—;Oil Friday last the mechanics engaged
in the workshops of the Railroad Coin; allies at liao.-
morc, together with most ot those employed iu other
machine simps throughout the city, suspended work lor
the purpose of enforcing a demand for au inciease ot
wages. They spent ihe day and night in parading :lie
stiee.s iu huge numbers, accompanied Ly music, and
held two or three meetings. Their proceedings, Low
ever, were free from disoioer. Al a special meeting ot
ihe Directors of the Baltimore and Ou.o Railroad Com
pany, held on Satin day, ihe demands ol ihe woikmen
were acceded toon the pari ot that Com} anv, and other
employers alsoagieed to give tile advanced pi ice. 1 *
pi tillable, therefore, that most oi the men will reim e
.heir work to-day. T heir wages heretofore nave been
ouiv seven or eight dod.-.is pel week, upon w.ueli mey
are now to receive an ativat.ee of iiiiCc-i pet ecu*. .• *
in.., 12.74 in t.
Honduras. —A letter published in the New Orleans
Tru Iteita, dated Belize, Honduras, Jam Id, says :
“1 will now inform youihat ihe State ot lioudnia-’
has recently, iua peaceable, quiet way, taken possession
ol the English scufoment at Lima. They have plained
iheir flags and formally taken possession in the mane ,
ot their Slate. They have appointed a commandant, I
“and declare that the State of Honduras will, at au )
hazards aud every sacrifice continue to hold this terri
tory.” This step,, if maintained, wili be a great draw
back ou our luuiioguuy houses in this a*
Honduras Government charges £lO per ton, while t w ij
“Mosquito only charges them ,