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JOURNAL & MESSENGER.
JUHES T* JiISBET AND SIMRI ROSE,
EDITORS.
la Senate of the U States-Special Session.
Washington, April 1, 185S*
Mr. Mason asked and ♦btained leave to withdraw the
memorial and accompanying papers of Francis W. Rice,
late United States Ootmsul at Acapulco, relative to cer
tain outrages committed on him and other Americans
tv the Mexican authorities. These papers, lie said,
show that great and cruel oppressions were practised
upon them, and the design was to present the docu
ments to the Knccutive lor the pnqrose of obtaining re
dress. .
Mr. Brodhead submitted the following resolution
which, he said, he intended to call up in a day or two:
It *.lce L That the .Secretary of the Treasury re
’quested to pwdire, so far as and furnish
the same to the Senate, at the ocmmencentent of the
next session of Congress, the followisg information, viz;
The aggregate amount of federal. State, vitv, county,
railroad, canal and other corporation bends,’ stocks, or
other evidence of debts, held in Europe or other foreign
countries, on the thirtieth of June, 1*53, specifying se
parately, so far as the same can be ascertained, the
amount of each of the above description of bonds and
stocks.
On motion of Mr. Shields, the Secretaryof the Senate
was directed to pay certain clerks of committees com
pensation for the time they have been employed.
The Senate went into ail Executive session, and sub
sequently adjourned t€-! Monday.
April 4.
The Senate proceeded to the consider? t>< -of the re
solution cfMr. Brodhead, directing the Secretary of the
Treasury to communicate to the Senate, at the com
ineuca neat of the next sessien of <>*gross.* statement
exhibiting the amount of Federal, Slate, railroad, canal,
and all other American stocks held in foreign coun
tries.
He said this information was highly important, find
would be useful not only to the country, but to the Sen
ate, in the consideration of measures which may be
brought forward during the next Congress, in relation
to a revision of our revenue laws. He exhibited few
statistics to show our immense indebtedness, which, he
said, was constantly rrmtsing. In this he thought h •
saw some of the symptoms which proceeded the break
down of lsfo. He knew that this is a fast age, but re
gretted to-see mi many people endeavoring to get rich
without industry, economy r frugality, the living prin
ciples a republic. The ppnepect was arv&ing but
agreeable to-contemplate.
Mr. Seward thought that there was a mis-statement
in the statistics w hich the Senator had exhibited, and
that the tacts would go far to remove the apprehensions
which he had expressed. He expressed the pfownre
which he would experience in voting for the resolution.*
It was agreed to
The Senate wentiute an Executive session. ir:d af*er
some time spent therein, the doors wore opened, and
dhe Senate aojourned.
April 3, 1*53.
The Senate discussed, for a short period, a proposition
relative to makeing a contract with J. C. Rives, for ’.hit -
seven copies of the Congressional Globe and \ppendix
for each Senator, and tor the publication of the revised,
debates in the Union and Xationa! lni*K arm- r.
The following resolution, offered'ey >fr, Houston, was,
after debate, laid on the table-
Jie-nolprtl, That John K. Ben let t, late commiss'nr.er.
and A. B. Gray, late United States srrveW of the Mexi
can boundary, be authorized to fernisb a re] ort and j late
to the Senate of the exjdorafctens made by them, and br
others connected with the com mission under them, on
the topography, geography, and natural history of the
regions adjacent to the line, wish such information ft
collccted relative to the Indian tribes through Texas,
California ami New Mexico; and that the work be exe
cuted under the supervision *f the Department of the
Interior, in a style and form <c'irreiq>ondiiig with th
publication of tlie History, Oondibon, and Prospect . 1
the Indian Tribes, by H. R. Schoolcraft, now in cour- j
of publication ; and Owens’ Report on the Geology < j
Lake Superior ; provided the-same does not exceed Iw.l
volumes; that one thousand copies be published fo.l
ihe use of the Senate at as early a period as practicable’
and the Secretary of the Senate is hereby authorised !• 1
contract for the publication thereof, and to defray il. I
expenses thereof out <tf the contingent fund.
After an executive session, the Senate adjourned.
April 6,1853.
On motion of Mr. Seward a resolution was adopted
■calling on the President of the United States to commu
nicate such official information, as he may have received
touching tile recent transactions at Sun Juan de Xicai. *
gua.
A resolution relative to publishing the debate in tin)
Renate in the National Intelligencer was debated, an ■
its consideration postponed until the first Monday < I
December next.
Three thousand copies of Capt. Ringgold’s charts < I
ithe coast of California, heretofore ordered to be ptit
chased, were, by resolution offered by Mr. Gwin, di
rected to be placed in the bands of the Secretary of the
Treasury for distribution among navigators
On motion of Mr Houston, the report of the exami
nation of the Patent-othce, made in ls >l, w as called for
from the Department of the Interior.
Mr. Houston submitted a resolution, which lies otet,
proposing to introduce Mr. H. Johnson'S veil and nay
■machine into the Senate, and setting- apart el,aoo lor
that purpose.
The Senate considered, and then posfjioued till to
morrow, the resolution of Mr. ( lust;, proposing that
all proceedings of the body shall be public and open,
except when matters eoninmnicated in confidence by
the President tdiall be received ami considered, and in
such other cases as the Senate, by resolution, from time
to time, shall especially order.
The Senate went into exccu'ivo ses.-ion three several
times during the day, and at iirieen minutes post three
adjourned.
Hr. Prescott’s. Kuie oi U ritinr.
It may not be peaenlt know n that Mr. J'rcscott, the
historian, is dsprived of the use of his eves, and that
iu his extensive researches into the sources of history,
as well as in the preparation of his manuscript, he is
obliged to resort to an artificial process, which he thus
describes in a letter to Mr. Putnam :
M As you desire, I send you a specimen of my attic*
graph. It ie in the concluding page of uue of the chap
ters of the ■* Conquest of Peru. lx*>k 3, cliap. 3. The
writing is not, as you imagine, made by a j>encil, but is
indelible, being made with an apparatus used by th*
■blind. This is a very simjdc affair, consisting of a
frame of the size of a eommon sheet of letter paja-r,
with brass wires inserted in it to correspond with the
number of lines wanted. ■On one side of this frame i>
pasted a leaf of thin carbonated paper, such as is used
to obtain duplicates. Instead of a jieti, the writer
makes use of a stylus, of ivory or agate, the last better
or harder
“ The great difficulties in the way of a blind man's
writing in the usual maimer arise from bis not knowing
when the ink is exhausted in Ins pea, and when his
lines run into one another. Doth difficulties are obvi
ated by this simple writing case, which enabies one to
do his work as n ell in the dark, as iu the light. ‘1 hough
mv trouble is not blindness, but a disorder of the nerve
of the eye, the effect, so far as this is concerned, is the
same, and I am wholly incapacitated lor writing in the
ordiuary way. In this manner 1 have written every
word of my historical* This nu*iti* operand* expose*
one to some embrrossiuents; for as one cannot sec what
he is doing on the other side of the jmper, any more
than the performer in a tread mill can see what he i*
grinding on the other side of the wall, it becomes very,
difficult to make any corrections. This requites the
subject to be pretty thoroughly canvassed in the mind,
and all the blots and erasures to be made there before
taking up the pen or stylus. This compels me to go
over my compositions to the extent of a whole chapter,
however long it may be, several times in mv mind In
fore sitting down to my desk. When there the work
becomes one of memory rather than of crealioD, and
the writing is apt to run otf glibly enough.
“A letter which I received some years siuce from the
French historian, Thierry, who is totally blind, urged
me, by all means, to cultivate the habit of dictation, to
which he had resorted; and James, the novelist, who
has also adopted his habits, finds it favorable to facilily
of composition. 1 have too long been accustomed to
my own way to change; and, to say the truth, I nevei
dictated a sentence in my life for publication without
its falling so flat on my ear that 1 felt almost ashamed
to send it to the press. I suppose it is habit. One thing
I may add: My manuscript is usually too illegible 1 1
hare sent you a favorable specimen) for the press, and
it is always fairly copied by amanuenses before it is
consigned to the printer. I have accompanied the auto
graph with these explanations, which are at your ser
vice, if you think they will have interest for your
readers My modus ofierandi has the merit of novelty ;
at least I have never heard of any history monger who
has adopted it besides myself.”
The Child we live For. —lt would be unwise in
us to call that man wretched, who whatever he suffers
as to pain inflicted or pleasure denied, has a child for
whom he hopes and on whom he doats. Poverty may
grind him to the dust; obscurity may cast its darkest
mantle over him ; the song of the gay may be tar from his
own dwelling, bis face may lie unknown to his neighbors,
and his voice may be unheeded by these among whom lie
dwells —eveo puin may rack hisjoints, and sleep may flee
from his pillow Yet he has a gem with which he would
not part for, wealth, defying computation, for fame tilling
a worlds ear for the luxury of the highest wealth, or for
the sweetest sleep that ever sat upou mortal eye.—OuU
rid'jt
Pbatiso nr Machinxrt.— ln Japan, according to
M. Hue, there is a contrivance, in general use among
the devout, “ for simplifying their devotional activity ’’
” This instrument, says that adventurous traveller, “is
called the chv-Jcrtr, that is, “ turning prayer,” and it is
cominou enough to see them fixed iu the bed of a run
ning stream, as they are then set in motion by the wa
ter, and go on praying night and day, to the special
benefit of the person who has placed them there. The
Tartars also suspend these convenient implements over
their domestic hearths, that they may be put in motion
by the current of cool air from the opening of the teuf,
and so twirl for the peace and prosperity of the family.
Another machine which the Buddhists make use of to
nmjAify their devotional activity, is that of a large bar
rel turning on an axis. It is made of thick pasteboard,
fabricated of innumerable sheets of paper pasted one on
another, and upon which are written m Tnibetian char
acters, tb oprayers moat in /at’t ion. Those who have
not sufficient zeal, or sufficient strength to place on their
backs an immense ioad of books, and prostrate them
selves at ever)’ atep in the mud, adopt this easier meth
od, and the devout can then eat, drink and sleep at
their ease, while the complaisant machine does all their
praying for them.”
Salaries or U. S. Mutisms.— I The general impres
sioii appears to be that at the late session of Congress,
*^ T - S- Ministers to manv of the Courts
ot fc.urp*, were increased to $20,000. This, however,
mnt°nf o. a, ' t Tbe Proposition failed through a disagree
two nov’T#
i
We give below the most interesting portion o
the intelligence by the Nut‘jar a :
English View of General Pierce** Inaugu
ral Address.
(From the London Thru*, March 17)
It is not always customaiy for the Presidents of the
United States, in their messages to Congress and in
their iuaugupul address, to confine themselves within
the dry forms of what is called, in Eurojie, “official lan
guage ” On the contrary, their conqiosiiions aie usu
ally diffuse and oratorical; for, although the object in
writing such documents in Europe is generally to mean
more than is said, in America politicians are rather apt
to say more than is meant This remark is not inappli
cable to the address delivered, on the 41b of March, in
the Capitol, at Washington, by General Fierce, on assu
ming the Chief Magistracy of the United Sales; and
we shall not construe w criticise very rigorously the
somewhat timid and sanguine temperament iliat may
be traced in this discourse. Wepiveume that it is to
Be taken as an a kiiowletlgeuK ni of ttic popular confi
dence and enilmsmsin which accompanied the nomina
tion of (be new I’resident, rather than a- a delibeia'e
pledge of his policy, and v. e are very reluctant 10 im
pose to the exj rvsskms which Gen. Pierce appears to
nave employed the strict political meaning which
might be attached to them under other circumstances,
in the same spirit, it might be made a subject of obser
vation, that at the very tiisf entertainment at w hich the
President was present on his accession to hrs new dig
n tv, ] e was supported by Mr. Meagher, the Irish ■con
vict, whoeacapcd from New riouth Wales by breaking
his parole. But wc are un willing to .anticipate subjects
■if difference wi.h an authority whose acts we shall have
more serious occasions to discuss iu the next four years.
Gen. Fierce is dis j wised to take at once the ■ largest and
ihe broadest view of the destinies of the country over
which he is ui.tr called to preside. He declares .fiat the
United States have spoken, and will continue to speak,
not only by their words, but by their acts, the language
of sympathy and encouragement to those who pro
nounce lor the largest rational libelty. lie disdains and
repudiates all apprehensions of dangers from -extended
territory, multiplied States, accumulated ■wealth, and
augtnei tdj o s ulatmn. He declares that his admitns
ra:ton will not tc controlled by any timid forebodings
f evil rorn expansion; and be adds, that -the attitude
■ t the United .States as a nation, and their .position on
h ‘globe, render the acquisition of certain possessions
not within their jurisdiction .eminently important for
heir protection, and perhaps, in the ti’.tnre, essential
for the preservation of the rights of commeicc and the
pe:ue of the world. These startling declarations are iu
some degree qualified by assurances that such acqui
sitions arc io 1*? made in no grasping spirit, but in a
manner entirely consistent with the strictest observance
of national faith ; that filiations*of peace and amity are
;o be cultivated with all nations; and that no net with
iin the control of the Fresident will-be tolerated on the
part of any American citizen which cannot be justified
before the civilized world.
No doubt these popular a:>d .patriotic views and iu
entions resjioud to the expectations of that immense
democratic majority which has placed General Fierce
jat the head ol the American government; and it is pre
] bable that nothrtig loss is oxpecteil of the new President
than a combination of all the benefits of unlimited “ex
pansion” with all the blessings of peace. But it may
be the subject of serious doubt how far it is wise or con
si-tent in the responsible head of the government to en
courage such expectations by language addressed not
only to a popular assembly at Washington, but in some
degree to the world. The declarations ot President
Pierce in favor of peace and international law would
have had even greater authority if they had not been
preceded by the avowal of his desire to extend the au
thority of theChiion by the acquisition of certain pos
seasions not within its jurisdiction. And, although he
is not haunted by any forebodings of evil from expan
sion, a government which openly declares its desire and
intention of aggrandizement does, in fact, announce a
policy which must change its position in relation to the
other States of the world, lie cannot have forgotten
that whatever he hopes to acquire some other State must
1 lose, and that to extend American rights is to curtail
| those es-other nations.
There is, indeed,-one kind of expansion in which the
I United States have already given a conspicuous exam
ple to the world ; and in which we cordially desire, and
to a considerable extent, participate in, their progress. —
It is the glory of this country, and of its transatlantic
descendants, that the seed of a nation which was lirst
conveyed and sown by Brtish bands on that continent
already overshadows it !>v its rapid and majestic growth.
The expansion of free institutions has brought the ex
erci.-e of civil rights and the enjoyment of complete lil>-
erty to the door of every citizen of the United States
The expansion of population has {tollred a torrent of
human-life down the valleys and across the solitudes of
that vast territory, at once multiplying and satisfying
the wants of new generations of men, and connecting by
common interests the uttermost parts of ihe globe. The
expunsion of production and of tiade has been the ne
cessary consequence of this prodigious increase, and
General Pierce himself remarks that trade and interna
tional intercourse must always present a noble field for
the moral influence of a great people. To the doctrine
of expansion, in this sense, we certainly oppose no ob
jection, for it is but another term for the progress and
development of mankind.
Hut the mode in which General Pierce employs this
remarkable expression, and ihe context of his address,
would appear so give it a more precise and less admis
sibie sense. He appears to argue, because no dangers
have arisen to the Union from extended territory, mill
tiplied and aiiirmeiited population, as long- as the
progress of the counirv was contined within its legiti
mate boundaries, that the same course of poliev may be
indefinitely pursued. lie evidently reflects, with some
thing like a taunt, on that eminent class of politicians
j who were of opinion that the annexation of Texas anti
I* the coiKjiuists of Mexican territoi-v were daogcroiis in
novations in the true poliev of the UniieJ States, and
he seems to imply that these highly questionable acts
are he very v; t.-> of die polltufo conduct be is prepar
ed to hold. fla t the Mexican r produced no olher
effect on the destinies of the United states than Ibis, it
would be memorable u the event which raised to no
;iee and to fume the future rules of the nation, and pla
ced the government of Washington in the hands of men
bred in that adventurous school. That is the history
of Gen. Pierce himself, and of at least three of the mem
bers of It ‘s new cabinet. And we remark, as an imme
diate consequence, that Ihe principle of expansion and
of the acquisition of territory, which has hitherto been
disavowed, or timidly defended, by the great majority
ot American statesmen in power, is now proclaimed at
i:s inauguration as a cardinal principle of the new ad
ministration.
We have so little desire to check or impede the
growth of the United States of America, in conformity
with those wise principles which were handed down to
them by the founders of the republic, that we are satis
fied the ru- id and successful progress of that country is
lot essential advantage to ourselves, as Englishmen, and
to the general interests ot mankind. But entertaining,
as we do, these sentiments, we may be entitled to say
:uat it is not upon tlie acqirsilion ot more territory, or
bv “expansion” iu that vulgar and material sense, that
tlie future grealness and safety- of ihe United States de
pend. Oti the contrary, the extension of die same in
stitutions which have fiiiberto been so successful among
the Anglo-Americans to oilier latitudes —to olher races
of men—to count; i-.s more or less couneeled with Euro
pean rights and independent sovereignities— and, in
-hort, to ihe va-t and licterngcneous expanse of a whole
continent, is evidently the most dangerous experiment
; that can lie tried, for it is dangerous io the permanence
of the Union, and the dissolution of flic Union leads
straight to a radical change iu the political condition of
its component .State?, iiiiherto, ihe government of the
i United Sfotes has almost invariably opposed a barrier
o this acquisitive tendency, which served at least to
check the impetuosity of public opinion, and to mode
rate i's aggressive power, by dwelling on the dangers of
100 much success. General Pierce discards that notion
altogether. He condemns as timid fears the appreheri
rions which the wisest r.f his predetesxii s have exp; ess
ed ; ur.d he gives the signal to “go ahead” from the
Presidential chair. In Europe, such a declaration would
be read with astonishment if it proceeded from the head
of a powerful government; but, in America, it is pio
huble that such expressions are taken with u large abate
ment from tlie meaning they might be understood to
convey.
From tke Ljmlon T trK-t, Mi'.rch Ibth.
■******
As this appears to bo the principle of foreign policy
oti which General Pierce tin ught it expedient mainly
to insist on this occasion, so the maintenance ot the
Union by the unqualified recognition on the part of the
Federal Government of the institutions ot slavery with
all their consequences, is the primary feature in his do
mestic policy So that, instead ot the liberties and
rights or the Union gradually leading to the mitigation
tad the ultimate termination of slavery, the mainte
nance of the Union is more aud more identified with
those acts of wrong which arc a curse to the United
States and revolting to human nature. General Pierce
has invented a mild term to describe that monstrous
oppression of man by man. He calls it involuntary
servitude,” as if this enphonism could disguise the in
famy of unrewarded labor, of the traffic in man, of vio
lated human affections and extinguished human souls.
1: is only “involuntary servitude, and the President
his even the naivete to boast that “ibc oppressed
throughout the world are constantly cheered by the
steady and increasing lustre of American freedom
and that, “in tins, the United States have, in his judg
ment, fulfilled their highest duty to *ujf'rrhnj h-wwnitt/'’
Vet the very condition on which this proud political
fabric is henceforth to stand is one which perjxjtnates
the keenest wrongs that humanity can suiter, and all
the splendid promises of a free and united Government
are linked bv this policy with all that is hideous, terri
ble, and degrading in negro slavery. The last act of
the political life of Benjamin Franklin, then “4 years of
age, was to appear at the bar ot Congress to implore the
Federal Legislature “to countenance the restoration ot
liberty to those unhappy men who, alone in this land of
freedom, are degradwi into perpetual bondage, and to
step to the very verge of the power vested in them lor
discouraging every species of trufic in the persons ot
our fellow-creatures.” .Since General Pierce alludes to
what re termed “the councils of the early fathers,” that
is the advice of the most humane and, with one excep
tion, the most illustrious of the band. But lie com
mences his Presidential career upon opposite principles;
and he, a citizen of the free State of Sew Hampshire,
stands before his countrymen as the unqualified and
willing champion of a system on behalf of which he
can plead neither the prejudice of birth uor of interest—
nothing, in 6hort, but the rude law of ambition and of
State necessity’ on which he invokes the overruling
Providence of the Almighty. These are grave conside
rations, for tbev prove that Gen. Pierce is restrained by
no misgivings in the prosecution of a national object,
and that he includes in what he calls “a spirit of self
sacrificing patriotism,” the abandonment or some of tl,e .
highest moral duties on which a statesman can act.
The South never produced a public man, not even Mr.
Calhoun, who so entirely adopted the cause of Slavery
without a word of apology for its crime*. We must
expect no more of the exalted sentiments which aninia
tea Mr. Clay and Mr. Webster, even while they carried
the Compromise Act of 1850. Under the appearance
of an euergetic personal will Gen. Pierce expresses and
obeys absolutely and implicitly the tendency of the
• vt“ ~ r*'teh riVpt *o
_L_IL_L! •JSfE
******* **
But wc* canot so far divest ourselves of the old-fash*
ioued habits of Europe, *s to forget that the power t
one of the most eager and excitable nations of the earth
is suddenly Iranefered to the bauds of an untried ruler,
assisted by Ministers scarcely more experienced ‘ha./
himself Be the result what it may, the present aspc<
of the Government of the United Scales, resemble* th
< o nn eoccment of anew era, more than the con'inu.
tion of an unbroken tradition - Probably the extract’ -
dinars excitement and enthusiasm which accompanie
Gen. T*ierce’in*tallation, were attributable to this vet
cause. But itis with Presidents, as with Princes —tl
acclamations that surround their accession, ate sour
times the clamor of hopes wl i h cannot be fulfilled, an
we hi 1 ait the oceut rence of more serious events at
more regular communications, to form a more just r.t
more complete opinion of the character and policy <
the American Government.
France, Russia. Austria, Turkey, Ae.
The Paris correspondent of the LowUm T met mak
the following temaiks respecting ihe torcigw policy ■
the French government;—“ln the opinion of son
eminent political persons in Put is, the affair ot the hoi
shrine is but one incident of list* eastern question, n<
very important in itself; and if the cabinet of the Tut
lenes entered on it rather hastily, it is probable that
will extricate itself; with, jterbaps some sacrifice, bul n<
without advantages that are not to be despised. Coi
cessions will be made to Russia, but the opposition ■,
this power in a matter of great personal interest to tl.
Ein; ci or Napoleon may be wuhdrawn at Rente. .
have already alluded to the earnest desire lor the pre
sence of the Pope in France; but these hopes and do
sires are not unmixed with fears of some new compl
cation, to which I briefly alluded yesteiday, and tl
visit of his holiness is not made sure of until he hi
actually placed his foot on the soil of France.
The real question of the east, which has so often am*
so long occupied the attention of European statesmci
and which they have hitherto succeeded in adjoinnin
from period to period, Ims ones more been brought o
the tapis, and, in the opinion of the experienced person
referred to, the Ottoman empire t an for some weeks tin
greatest risk. Tliev thought, whether rightly <
wrongly, that is la t hour hi and sounded. * * * .
uni assured that considerations of the kind mentione?.
were weighed by the Austrian and Russian goieri
ments, which at length came to the decision that n
ad_,o rniuent of the question was absolutely nocccssan.
To lit s the cabinet ot’ Berlin had no objection, nor yi
that of Great Britiun; the French government least .
all ; and the disquietude and alarm which had ahead
begun to be tell out of doors—in the saloons as at tb
Bourse, itt political circles as among the cotnmerei;
classes—were gradually dissipated. But the circui.
stances just noticed ate said to have produced one ri
suit which has attracted the attention of this govert
ment.
The coolness which existed for a space, between Hu
sia oil otic side and Austria and Prussia on the othei
has ceased, in consequence of the concerted policy the.*
powers adopted with reference to Turkey. They hu\
advut'.cud and drawn back on the same day, almost.
the same hour. The alliance between them is then te
tored and it is probable that it will have bicn still mot
cemented by the abortive outbreak of Milan and the at
tempt to assassinate the Emperor of Austria. It is
subject of much inquiry and anxiety as to w belli*
these attempts were merely isolated facts, or whetht
they form only parts of an extensive plot embracing
Italy and Germany. That this latter is the fact, it a] -
pears, Austria and Prussia arc convinced; and the po
lice agents of both governments are actively engaged i;
searching for proofs. Some paragraphs in a Frunktbt
journal recently published are considered as tlirowin,
iigb! upon the subject and a few weeks ago I eontmun.-
cated Mime information to ilia* effect.
The Frankfort journal mentions that n mati.f efo) hai
bc-ett secretly and abundattly distributed among th**
Prussian troops, and that this documcnteuiauutea fron.
whst is called the Permanent Military Committee < .
the European Democratic Propaganda. It scents tha
the distribution of the manifesto had been long prepai •
ed, but was not, as I mentioned on a former occasion
intended to have been commenced till the month .
May next. A copy ot the document was seen by
friend in the beginning of last mouth, before the Milan
outbreak; and the Prussian government bed been in
formed of the lad in .lunitary, when it urrcsteu
several emissaries of the committee, and seized several
copies of the proclamation. The jx liey of the French
cabinet appears to be to maintain a suit of equil.briun
in these uiiiienlt circumstances. It would desire* t
have a good understanding with England, and to avor
taking the itart of Austria iu the question of tlie tefi
gees It recommends a prudent and moderate line <
conduct to Switzerland, and, above all, counsels her i
avoid any conflict ividt Austria ; Piedmont it advist •
to make concessions to Austria, without tit the sum
time aggravating the position of the Lombard refugees.
It reminds Austria that so soon as it (the Ft each guver
ment) became acquainted with the Milan outbreak, am
even before it was aware of the defeat of the insurgents,
it adopted the promptest and most decisive measures i ■
support of such of its neighbors as were menaced. Th.
policy is explained bv a reference to the journey of tl.
Pope, and the coronation; but Austria lias'ahead
adopted against the Lombard refugees measures of it
excusable violence and injustice. Appeals come in frot
various quarters to the French government, on tl
ground that its interference is due to old political ft ien<
whose only reproach is to have remained faithful to th
cause once sustained by the head of that government.
It is not probable, for the reasons already mentioned,
that any official interference will be accorded.
Switzerland is not disposed to yield to the demand
so imperiously made by Austria, nor does Austria gi\ ’
any indication of relaxing in them. This situation l
affairs is difficult in the extreme. This policy of neo
trulifv, if not of conciliation, will probably endure till
the visit be decided one wav or the other. Thr
Emperor will be crowned with the Pope or wilhu‘
him; if the funner, the Ehijktoi'k policy will be suc
cessful, and fie believes he will have framed uti:i ii in I ho
opinion ol the sovereigns of Lurope us in popular opin
ion Once this (to liiut t intpo: taut advantage obtained,
and lie will be at liberty to enter on ihe system which
there is little doubt he has already formed in his mind.
The reserved character of the Emperor -Napoleon is well
known; and though, as we have more Ilian once seen,
his secrets are well kept yet indications appear now and
then as to what his future policy will be.
If these indications are not deceptive, they show a de
cided tendency towards an alliance with England.
Whether, as is suspected, Ihe design of weakening the
influence of Austria in Italy, and of co-operating in tlm
independence of this eon; try, f< rm i art of the Emperor’s
policy, time can only show. For the present, however,
every subject of complaint will be avoided, and a fair
face shown to all governments. I mentioned yesterday
that the intelligence received the day before from Rome,
with reference to the Pope’s visit, was not so encoura
ging as before. How far this will affect tlie course ol*
policy just noticed, remains to be seen.”
Respecting the Lombard refugees, the same corres
pondent says :—“ It was believed till within tbe last
few days that the Austrian government had been pre
vailed upon to relax something of .ts unjustifiable rigor
iu Italy, and especially with reference to th*> Lombard
refugees, naturalized subjects of the Sardinian crown,
and others; but from information which pmceeds from
a quarter generally well informed, there is reason to
fear that the hopes entertained of such a change are un
founded. It is, lit fact, this day stated, with something
like confidence, that Austria is determined to ]>er*evere
in her measures of severity without remission, and this
notwithstanding the unofficial interference of the Sar
dinian government, and the friendly recommendation*
of the French Emperor in their favor.”
The Disputes between the Greek and Latin
Christians at Jerusalem.
The manner in which the Turkish Commissioner has
thought proper to terminate ;he differences at Jerusa
lem bus displeased nil parties. On the top of the grotto
of Bethlehem there had alwavs existed a silver star, in
dicative of the exact spot of the Holy Nativity; but
some years ago this star had disapt eared during it quai.
rel which took place between the various Christian
congregations, and it became a question who was >n i
- it, which was in some sort establishing a l ight o.
possession, and now at last tbe Commissioner of the
Porte has determined on replacing it himself, which at
first scented to satisfy- everybody. But, unfortunately,
ihe new star bore on the back an inscription in Latin,
at which the Greeks and Armenian* took offence, and
refused to assist at tbe ceremony of ihe erection. Then
the Roman Catholics, who possessed the key of a small
door of the Church of Bctnlcbcm, insisted on having
the key of the principal door, and permission to con
struct in the church a separate altar and a vestry room.
The commissioner gave them the key of one” of the
three front doors of the church, and permission to build
a vestry in the outer court. He attempted also to regu
late the hours of the respective services; but in this he
failed, as each ol the different contmttuions insisted on
being first, and the Greek Patriarch, considering all
these concessions as attacking the long recognised
rights of the Greeks, left Jerusalem, and went to pro
test at Constantinople. — Athene (.’■rrmjxAidi nt of th*
Inmion Morninj Chrvn iU.
The French Troops and the Population of
Rome.
The French sentries have received orders to allow no
one to approach tiiern by night, and to make use of their
arms in case of passers by not obeying their summons,
in consequence of which more than one peaceable lire
man, returning homewards from some friend's house,
Iu? been startled out of bis musical or poiiiictil reverie
by the sharp click of a mu-kef, following close on the
“qni tire” which wants him away from the soldier’s
beat. One limn has already been shot at near tlie Uoli>-
seutn, and accidents must be expected from the parties
concerned not entirely understanding each others lan
guage. A French soldier was grievously wounded bi
ll boy in the Monti quarter the other day. He resented
the boy’s crying out, “pat<a cia” to him, an exclumu
tion usually addressed to dogs, and received in return a
stone from the Ixty, which brought him to the ground.
His life being in danger, tbe boy was condemned by
court-martial to be shot, but the soldier having since
recovered, the condemnation has been diminished to
len years in the galleys, with hopes of still further mit •
gallon. With litis exception there have betu no ag
grass ions against the French, nor is there any evidence
of any Mazziniau plot having existed here to have pro
duced an outbreak, simultaneously with that of Milan.—
It mum Corrupo.vltid of the Lon lon Daily Xujo.
Naples and Sicily.
A correspondent of the Morn ny whose letter is
dated Naples, Match li, says:—” I have just received
letters ftom Sicily, dated Palermo, M;.r;h 8. The ]o
Lee authorities declare that a widespread Mazziniau con
spiracy exists throughout the island. A letter from
Muzzini, calling on the people to revolton a certain day,
is said to have been found in the possession of a suspec
ted person. The correspondence was written on vety
fine paper, so that it might be swallowed by tbe bearer,
if necessary. It is under such ci;-eumsti nces, according
to the police, that many of the addresses have found
their way ail over Sicily.
Certain it is that, within the last few days, more than
son, and the greatest alarm exists in all clashes of socie
ty. Military commissions are forming with extraordi
nary {lowers, and the garrisons of Palermo, Messina,
and'Catania, are kept on siege duty. 1 have reason,
Ir.wjver, to h i,eve that the Mazziniau affair is a etor.
g >t up tor t’te purpose of imprisoning persons suppe sed
to be hostile to the government I*. S.—An order has
just a; peared obliging all students to leave Naples in
twen >-bur hou s. Tlie town is to be placed under
military an hotity.
“MACON, GEORGIA:
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13, 1853
Z-?r We publish in our columns to day, a long letter
from Gov. Cobb, as a part of the political history of
the times, and as a vindication of our own course with
regard to his Excellency.
Railroad Junctions.
The Chronicle ct Sentinel of the ‘Jth instant, says :
Yesteudat, for the first time, the passenger
trains of the South Carolina Railroad passed over the
Savannah river and delivered the. passengers and mails
in this city. It had been announced in the morning
that an extra train would leave Charleston, bringing a
large number of Charlestonians and Carolinians, which,
together with the novelty of the thing, drew out quite
a large concourse of our*citizens to witness the arrival
of the two trains. They came over in quiet, handsome
s vie, a id were greeted With a shout, which was cordi
ally responded to by those within the cars.
There haviug been no previous arrangements there
was no ceremony ; and the visitors (there were about
two hundred) descended from the cars and quietly
wended there way to the Hotels.
We cannot deny ourselves the pleasure it atlbrds us,
to welcome, most cordially welcome our visitors, and to
express the earnest and siucere hope, that their visit
may contribute much, very much, to cenu-ut still more
closely the interests of the two cities and States, and to
cultivate moreintimate personal and commercial rela
tion between the people.
From the language of the Chronicle <f* Sentinel, we
imagine that the Charlestonians received a very coo*
reception from the citizens of Augusta, who were per
hups calculating the ultimute effects of this junction of
the South Carolina and Georgia Railroads, upon tie
interests of their city. The cars passed over the bridge;
one shout was given, and the passengers quietly des
cended from the cars, and found their way to the
hotels, probably wondering where was the enthusiastic
and joyous reception which they bad anticipated, and
doubting whether they were invaders or welcome visi
tors. We see no reason for congratulation upon this
event, whatever may be its efiect upon the prosperity
f the city of Augusta; but, on the contrary, much
reason to regret that the interests of our Eastern
F„ iilroiu’s lias rendered this junction necessary or de
sirable. The larger proportion of the benefits of the
immense trade of upper Georgia and Tennessee and
Alabama, which has been developed by Georgia capital
and enterprise, will be diverted from our own sea-ports,
and {Kinred into the lap of Charleston. We are so
selfish t t it we can see in this no cause for congratula
tion. When the interests ot Georgia ate involved, we
cannot recognise the interests of South Carolina. A
South Carolina Senator, we remember, once referred in
Congress to the line of Railway from Augusta to Chat”
tunooga, as a continuation of the South Carolina Rail
road ; and such it is now, since the river, which separa
ted them at Augusta, has been spanned by a bridge.—
The cultivation of “more intimate personal and com
mercial relations ” between its own seaports, and the
interior of Georgia, is the object which w earnestly
desire, and which we shall labor to promote.
In this connection, we would inquire if nothing is to
be done to signalize the completion of the line of Rail
way between Savannah and Columbus. Tlie Muscogee
an 1 South-Western Roads will be connected, we under,
stand, by the Ist of May. Will Savannah go to Colum
bus, or Columbus to Savannah, or both come to fra
jternizcat Macon, or all stay ut home? We do not
I know.
Elections.
The municipal election of Cincinnati, to which public
attention has been dirce:-ti, by the fact that an issue
had been made in the nominations between the Roman
I Catholic Clergy and the people, upon the question of
■ Free Schools, has resulted in the triumph of the people,
and of their system of common education.
In the municipal election of Portland, the Whig can
didate for Mayor has been elected over all his oppo
| nents, representing respectively the isras of Democracy,
; Temperance and Free-Soil.
In Rhode Island cither Democracy or Dorrism has
triumphed, and a Democratic Governor and two Demo
crabi’ Congressmen have been elected.
J Connecticut the Democracy are again siicces-ful,
|an<! have re-elected the present officers of their State
j <rov**-*i*t. and ** fniirc Democratic dle^-u(lnn i>
j Congress, as will be seen by reference to the annexed
statement:
i Thomas 11. Seymour is re-elected Governor.
! rh irhvs H. Pond, Lieutenant Governor.
! John I’. C. Mather, Secretary ofState.
Edwin Stearns, Treasurer.
Kufos G. Pinnev, Comptroller,
i Messrs. James T. Pratt, Colin M. Ingersoll, Nathan
Belcher, and Origen 8. Seymour are elected to Con
■ gress.
Vice President King.
We have at last reliable information that the oath of
:office has been administered to Vice President King in
j Cub 1. The ceremony was performed on tlie C4ili of
■ Manh, at tbe estate of Ariadne, by Judge Sharker, U t
jS. Consul at Havana, and was witnessed by several
American ladies and gentlemen, who were visitors to,
or residents upon tbe Island. Mr. King was so feeble
| that it was necessary to support him during the cere-
I mony, and when this strange and touching spectacle of
■ the investiture of a dying man with office which he nev
er can enjoy, was concluded, he retired to his bed ex-
I hausted. It is stated that neither he or his friends en
tertain ihe slightest hope of his recovery, and that de
siring to die at home, he would embark for Mobile on
the Fulon, on the (ith inst. By this time he has proba
bly reached Alabama, and it is some gratification to
know that sick and weary, he niay at least realize his
wish to die at home, surrounded by sympathizing friends
I and relations, u ho love and honor him.
General Scott has sold his furniture iti Wash
ington City, and transferred himself, and the head of
! the army to New York.
| J*? Thomas F. Marshall is not killed as reported.—
I The gentleman ofihat name who was shot a few days
ago in Kentucky, was General Thomas A. Marshall, a
Brigadier General in the Mexican war, appointed by
President Polk.
JhV? 1 ” We learn Irom a letter in the Wiixhington Ga
zette, from Mr. Dußose, one of the contractors, that the
branch line of the Georgia Railroad from Double Wells,
to Washington, Wilkes County, will be probably com
pleted and in running order by the fourth of July.
I-e?’ Chief Justice Taney, who has been confined to
his house, in Baltimore, by serious in iiposition, is we
are glad to learn, convalescing.
Professor Anderson, the celebrated necromancer,
isex] osing the impostures practiced by professional me
diums, in Spiritual Rappings, in a series of letters to the
RaliihVfrt Sun.
Front Washington.
Washington, April 10. —The Senate, on Saturday,
confirmed all the nominations made to that body. The
President notified the Senate that he had no further
business of importance to communicate —much to the
disappointment of the office-seekers —the additional ap.
pointinents being deferred until the next session of
Congress. Tire Senate resolved to adjourn on Monday*
The city is assuming a quiet aspect.
Fire in Macon.—About 8 o’clock on Wednesday
night last, a fire broke out in the stable situated on the
premises of J. H. R. Washington, Esq. The stable, a
number of kitchens, smoke-houses, etc , were quickly
consumed. Great fears were entertained for the safety
of the entire square, but the tire was happily arrested
before any great damage had been inflicted. —TeUgraph
of yetterdoy.
I ff “ Tbe following is an extract from a late letter of
the Washington correspondent of the New York Cm
rier <b Etujuirer.
The crowd of applicants has slightly decreased this
week, and only slightly. Their gamut of their hopes
and their finances is displayed iu the following order
and character of the despatches per telegraph, which
proceed ftom them, to wit:
No. 1. Get me a strong letter from politicians Smith
and Jones, and more names from the poll lists.
No. . Tilings look very bright; they are working.
No. 3. Things look doubtful; tell the boys not to b;t
high on me.
No. 4. Pitch dark. Things has worked.
No. 5. Tbe game is up. Send me twenty dollars to
get home ou.
tyT* The Governorship of New Mexico appears to be
t. not very attractive office. It was offered to Capt.
Reynolds, Quartermaster, and Major Cunningham,
Paymaster, both of whom were vtry recently statioued
iu “that quarter, but ihey refused the gift. It is now ol
lerred to General Mikareac B. Lamas, of Taxas, and
h i :t!'j .uu! tDa* he will swept i\
“ In re Guppy.”
“ Toodle,” (“what’s in a name?”) a correspondent of
the T kgraph , in a communication to that paper of y< s
twday, attempts to be witty at our expense, and repre.
s nts us as wait a; like Micawbtr, un il something
shall “ turn up ” in the political world, before our pos -
ton is defined. We are opposed ‘o the re-organization
of the Union Party, and shall wait until somethiifg
‘‘turns up” before we can give our sanction to any
thing so utterly impracticable; and if Toodle design
by quoting our just and candid views upon this ques
tion, to give them greater circulation, we thank Toodie
with all our heart. If, however, Toodle designs to
charge us with a general indecision in our political
course, it is a hopeless task to attempt to show him his
error The largest charity will not enable us to suppose
that he can appreciate or understand the position ot the
Jovrnal c£* Mestenger, which, though a \V big political
paper, deals in no wholesale abuse of a Democratic
Administration, and has the courage and the manliness
to wait and watch before it. condemns. Toodle, we
imagine, is a.Southern Rights man —one of those wordy
and windy patriots, who “ turned up from Nashvilie
to Baltimore—one of those small natures which lose
their consistency and balance by misfortunes, as small
beer is soured by the first thunder. He did not wait
after the defeat of the Southern Rights Party, and in
quire what principle or honor required him to do; but
rushed where the spoils were—into the embrace of the
National Democracy. As he is curious about “ remarka
ble coincidences of thought and expression, ’ we beg
him to lay the platforms of ibeNashville and Baltimore
Conventions, and the speech ofR. B. Rhett, in thiscity,
and the Inaugural of President Pierce, side by sidc >
and trace out a parallelism of thought and expression
between them. If he discovers any in them, it will be
a triumph of philological acumen—if he does not, he
is convicted not of indecision, but of political dishonesty,
for he has swallowed all, and subscribed to all, which
ail of them contain.
But Toodle has the good taste to read DiAens, as
well as to be curious about “ remarkable coincidences
of thought and expression.” There is some likeness
between himself and Guppy in Bleak House. Guppy
was an embryo-lawyer, very innocent of law how
ever, with a grave air, who affected among his intimates
to have been the v ictim of a tender sorrow of the heart,
and who with boastful misery was always referring to
the subject himself, but would meet every reference to it
by others, with a deprecatory look anl the
“thereare chords in the human mind,” expressing the
remainder of the desolate sentiment in “rum and water.’’
Thus it is with Toodle and the Southern Rights Democ
racy. They make a virtue of their devotion to Southern
Rights and of their defeat in 1850, but if we suggest
anything about it, they overwhelm us with reproaches
for kicking a fallen foe. If Toodle, therefore, is offend
ed at our reference above, to the course of the Southern
Rights Party, we regret it, remembering “that there
are chords in the human mind,” Ac , or. in other words,
that ihe political dishonesty of himselfand his associates,
is an unpleasant subject to him, and “in a burst of con
fidence,” suggest to him, that he raised the question o
political consistency and firmness with th e Journal anu,
J \fessenger.
Our relations with the different sovereignties
which divide with us the North American continent,
grow more delicate and embarrassing every day, and i
General Pierce desires it, he may easily find occasion
for the application ol the Monroe doctrine before the
next Congress assembles.
The Fishery Question has assumed new interest and
importance from the proposed action of the Legislature
of New Brunswick, in which a bill has been introduced,
containing provisions in relation to the fisheries, which
contemplate a strict enforcement of the British interpre
tation of treaty stipulations upon the subject. This in
terpretation, which would exclude a large number ol
the citizens ol’ this country, engaged in the business ot
the fisheries, from all waters within three miles of
“any headlands” of the coast, has justly proven offen
sive to them, and it the bill which has been reported
in the New Brunswick Legislature should be passed and
sanctioned by the Home Government, serious difficul
ties may yet grow out of this question of codfish and
mackerel, and our Government yet be called upon to
fulfil the assurance of Webster, that its fishermen should
be protected in “hook and line, bob and sinker.”
Again, upon our Southern horizon, there is a speck of
war—a cloud not larger than a man’s hand, which may
yet overshadow the land, and deluge it with the horrors
of war. A difficulty has occurred between the authori
ties of San .Ilian and the American Transit Company—
a -loop of war of the United States has interfered —
bus protected the property of the Company, and has
forced the authorities of Man Juan to submit and to ab
dicate. The British Government has withdrawn its
Protectorate of the Mosquito Kingdom, and San Juan
claimed by the Mosquito King and by Nicaragua, which
government lias been recognized by the United States?
belongs to neither, but lies helpless under the guns of a
U. S. Man-of-War. The British Government, which
at the time of the Clayton Bulwer Treaty, stretched its
protection over one-half of Central America, has signi
fied a willingness to terminate its inteference in Central
American Affairs, but it may not tamely submit to an
assumption by the United States of the offensive posi.
tion which she has abandoned. If the Government of
the United States seizes upon the anomalous position of
San Juan, hung up between Nicaragua and Mosquito,
upon a disputed question of sovereignty without nation
al character or connection, to obtain a foothold in Cen
tral America, and asserts that it is an American ques
tion, to be decided by her as arbiter and judge; then a
new era in our foreign policy will have begun, and we
shall realize the difficulty of asserting an American pol*
icy, by which the American continents shall be gov.
erned.
But amid the multitude of questions of interest con
nected with our foreign affairs—amid the changes which
a few years have effected iu our relations to the rest of
the world, the condition and fate of the Republic of
Mexico is the question of paramount importance.
The Administration of Gen. Pierce may hasten its
solution, or time may work out the difficult problem.—
A day cannot determine its fate; but years can only in*
crease our interest in it, and make that interest more
intimate and more direct. Its history has been a series
of blunders and disasters, discouraging to republicans,
and disgraceful to its people and its rulers It has
never been supported by intelligence among the masses
it operated upon, and never has produced a despot
great enough to overthrow it, and give them a strong,
consolidated, stable government, Whilst the experi
ment of self government in the United States has been
a great and stupendous miracle of success, in Mexico it
has been a lamentable failure. It has not been strength
ened or instructed by misfortune. Revolutions in our
sister Republic, are .is common occurences, as barricades
jn the streets of Paris. The resignation of Arista, the
revolutionary government of Ceballos, and the coup
d'it it of Urega, resulting in the establishment of the
provisional government of Lotnbardini, have followed
each other in rapid succession. At this eventful crisis
in her history, when anarchy rules in its capitol, and
civil war disturbs its States, the recall of Santa Anna
to Mexico, is a fact of great moment and significance.—
His arrival at Havana, and departure for Vera C'ruz, is
among Ihe recent items of news from Cuba; whilst
from Mexico, we learn that a majority of the States
have already declared for him as President, and pre
parations are being made to receive him with every de
monstration of joy. His policy is hatred of the United
States, and success is dependent upon uniting in him
self the anti-American feelings of the masses of the
Mexican population. With him the Tehuantepec ques
tion must be settled, and there are no three millions of
secret service money to facilitate its settlement. Gen-
Pierce must deal with the man who out-witted Mr.
Polk, and wemust calmly await Ihe issue. Santa Anna
may succeed in consolidating the strength, and in pre
serving the Mexican nationality, li so, the time will
be deferred, when, in obedience to necessity, and the
indications of Providence, we, “the barbarians of the
North,” shall go over and possess this goodly land.
*37” The Washington Xaticnal Intelligencer learn
through a private letter from Europe that our Minister
at Madrid, Mr. Barringer, lias fully succeeded in his ef
forts though his personal influence with the Govern
ment there, in procuring from the Queen of Spain a pars
don and release of the Hungarian. prisoners of the Lo
pez expedition of 1851, against the Island of Cuba, who
nave been so long confined in the Spanish presido at
Centa, in Afrioa, und who were made an eveeption to
the general pardon granted to the American and other
prisoners of the expedition. They are eight in number.
‘ry* The X. Y. Expreu has assurances from those
who have good opportunity to know, that “Jenny Lind
does intend appearing again in opera; that she is a great
admirer of America, and may possiblv risit it again, but
has not determined when ; and finally, that her rela
tions with her husband are the very opposite of news
paper rumor— an unpleasant word l'av>nj never been ex
changed between them since their marriage.” This is
described as coining directly from Madame herself, iu a
letter to a friend.
Compliment to President Pierce.— The Legisla
ture of Wisconsin have created anew countv iu that
Slat'*, font St. Croix, which h w been called Pivre
Funeral of Mrs. Fillmore.
The last sad duties to the remains of the lamented
Mrs. Fillmore were suitably performed on Saturday i.f
ernoon. There was a very large attcnaiuice ol citizens,
ail of whom manifested the deepest sympathy with the
iate President in his great bereavement Alt exchange
feelingly und beau ifully remarks that the brd.iant and
successful public career of Mr. t iilinore in his office < t
Chief Magistrate of t ie Republic, has been overshad
owed at i?s close by the most touching of domestic ca
lamities His civic honors have been severely balanced
by a visits.ion that desolated his fireside, and swept
away the crown and ornament of iris home. Offers ot
sympathy, and words of condolence, though appropria’e
ou such occasion, may be in viin expected to heal the
wounds of the bosom which have been caused by this
dotn stc bcrcaventet t. The suffr rw.il t.n foubtedly
bear his misfortune like a man, but we are sure he feels
it like a man. Cati we fail to remark, though we do so
in no superstitious frame of mind, that the arrows ot
death have been aimed at the White House with a per
tinacity almost indicative of a facility connected with
hose v\ ho dwell there. Gen Jock.-nu’s wife, Gen. Har
n. oi, Mr. Tyler’s wife and General Taylor, \ve:e al
sumini ned to the tomb while inmates of the Presiden
tial mansion. President Polk survived his residence
Ibwe but a short time. Mis. Fillmore s ill shutter. —
The j resent incumbent, even while the great voice of
the nation, calling him to his exalted post, had hardly
died away upon his ear, wasslruck with tine heart-rend
ing domestic tragedy, which prostrated his dearest
hopes, and carried mourning io every heart in the na
tion. These occurences, surely, must sober our views
of what are esteemed the brilliant and alluring objecis
of human ambition, and teach us that rank and honors,
and exalted position among men, cannot gain us a di
pensalion from that inexorable law of the universe
which balances the good and evil of this life with a stern
and rigid impartiality. —Buff ah Com. Adc., April 4.
*The late Mas. Cass (we learn from the Detroit
Adc'-rtizer,) was a daughter of Dr. Joseph Spencer, ot
Connecticut, who removed to Lansingburg, New York,
i t 1738, at which place she was born Sept. 27, 1788.
Five years afterwards she removed with her fathers
family to Wood county, Virginia, where she resided un
til she was married to General Cass in lsn6. After a
residence ol about eight years in Muskingum county,
Ohio, she came to reside in Michigan, then a territory,
over which Gen. Cass had been appointed Governor in
I'ls. From that lime, until the year 1882, she resided
here, when site left to make her residence at Washing
ton with her husband, who had been appointed Se
cretary of War, under Gen. Jackson. In the year
she accompanied Gen. Cass to Paris, where she resided
during the continuance ol his term as Minister to
France, returning to this city somewhat iu advance ol
hint in 1841.
General Cass’ family now comprises three daughters
and one son, Lewis Cass, Jr., U. S. Charge at Rome. —
Two of the daughters are married and reside at Detroit.
Care of Mount Vernon. —Our recent suggestion
that Congress purchase Mount Vernon, and appropriate
it as a summer or country residence for the President
of the United States, has met with much favoraud com
mendation. It is readily admitted that it is the best,
and most economical plan of preserving it in a manner
worthy of the country, grounds so intimately associated
with the memory of the immortal Washington. It is
also conceded that there is the greatest appropriateness
in this plan ; while the conversion of the grounds to
the site of a Military Hospital, or to any like public use,
would be singular])- inappropriate and in the worst pos
sible taste. The memory of Washington is a living
principle in the hearts of the American people, influen
cing thefr thoughts, restraining t heir passions, reproving
their backslidings and drawing them constantly togeth
er in the spirit and bond of National unity and devoted
patriotism.
Benevolence might well find a monument near the
Tomb of the Father of his country ; but benevolence
alone would poorly express to the mind of the citizen,
or the pilgrim from foreign lands, those glorious attrib
utes of humanity so happily blended and exercised in
the character of Washington. There would indeed
be little congruity in the ideas suggested to the
minds of visitors bv being taken from the tomb of the
greatest and purest of patriots, to be shown through
the courts and wards ot an Asylum for war worn and
decaying humanity, and then be told that thus a grate
ful people testified their obligations to the hero who
won their freedom, and presided over the infant desti
nies of their Republic.
But how fitly would it represent the joyous triumph,
th<* undecaying vitality, the calm power, and the tran
quil glory ot American Republicanism, it, beside the
Tomb of him who was “ First in War, first in Peace,
and first in the hearts of his Countrymen,” stood a res
idence of the Presidsnts of the Republic. Thus, the
successors of Washington would be continually remind
ed of his sacrifices, his services, his patriotism aud his
many virtues. They would frequently be in the pres
ence of a great Monitor, whose silent teachings could
not but make deep and beneficent impressions upon
their minds. His example would constantly rise tip in
their thoughts, prompting them to purity, perseverance
and unfaltering courage.
And from the President, the influence would extend
to the people. We need not say how much a people,
enjoying the largest liberty require to be brought in con
tact with ennobling influences. Let the people, there
fore, for their own good, and for the good of their pos
terity, appeal to their National Legislature to associate
the home, the resting-place of Washington, with the
living’ power and the progressive glory of American
Freedom.—AT Y. Sun.
Completion of tub Siiivky for the Savannah and
Albany Railroad.—The survey for the Savannah and
Albany Railroad was completed to Albany yesterday,
and from Mr. Mac Pherson 13. Millen, Chief Assistant
Engineer, we obtain the following particulars:
The distance from Savannah to Albany, is within a
traction of 19 ; mdes viz: from Savannah to Alt.uaalia,
in round numbers, 51 miles; from thence to Alapalia,
Hh) miles; from thence to Albany, -t: miles. The high
est point on the lint* is between the Flint und Little Ri
ver, (station 1*298, i distant 18 miles from Albany, which
is 4)0 feet above tide water. The following are the ele
vations at Albany above tide water at Savannah —sur-
face water ot Fliut river, 171 leet, (greatest depths of
water at present stage 17 leet); east bank of river (first
bluff j 188 feet; Broad street at the market house, Iti
feet. The Harrison freshet in Flint river was ii>7 feet
above tide water.
One hundred and fifty miles of ihe surveyed line is
very level, and forty three miles only comparatively
broken.
The survey was commenced on the first of January,
1853, and completed on the Till ol’ April.—The whole
distance run, has been 840 miles, or an average of 4
miles per day ; miles being the greatest run in anv
one day, and miles the least.— Albany Batriot.
Increase of Insanity. —The annual report of the
Directors and Superintendents of the Lunatic Hospitals
tn New England, all refer to the great increase in the
numbers of insanepersons in this section of the country.
In some instances causes are assigned for this increase
but a close examination of the subject shows, that the
statistics of the social condition of the patients dis
proves all the theories thus advanced The patients in
the hospitals come alike from the ranks of the learned
and the ignorant, the rich and the poor; every class,
pioiession, and condition has its victims, and thev ap
pear in such numbers and under such circumstances,
i hat no theory cau be established in regard to the pri
mal cause ot the calamity. The public hospitals arc
tilled' with patients, and those in progress are already
certain to be at once crowded.— Button Transcript.
The Washington Monument.— The stone contribu
ted by Switzeiland, inscribed “The Free Swiss Confe
deration to the Memory of Washington,” was presen
ted ou the sth in the Metropolis, at the City Hall, with
appropriate ceremonies. It was thence drawn by six
horses, and escorted by the German Augers, the” Ma
rine Band and citizens, to Monument place On pas
-mg the execute mansion, General Henderson noticed
the President, who repaired to the window to view it.
On its pausing for a moment, lie simply remarked,
The \V nshington Monument would not be complete
without a stone from Switzerland.”
ZW A letter from Walpole, N. 11., dated the 80th
ult., says; “ We have had m some parts ol - this town,
and in the adjoining towns what we call a very re
markable occurrence, viz : a fall of hhc-’: snow. 1 send
you some writing with snow, as it fell, and written with
a dean pen.”
The writing, savs the Boston Journal, was perfectly
legible, and had the appearance of having been written
with pale black ink.
237” The statements of our foreign indebtedness
made by Mr. Brodheud, says a Washington letter iu the
Baltimore At/)/, is the first symptom ot a coming panic.
His general statement is correct; but still the country
j is full of wealth and resources, and is better able to
I withstand an ordinary revulsion in business affairs than
iit was at the great smash of 1810. There is no danger
j that the demand lor American securities will be diiniu
j i shed abroad, until (he rate of interest shall there be
lat tic b increased; or until thev become a drug, or until
i ome of the debts be repudiated. Still the revenue
* which we have is credit abroad, and in paper money at
j home, and upon which the country has prospered, must
i ‘Ooner or later fail us, notwithstanding the promi-ed
. increase of the gold product of Australia and Califor
nia.
The Japan Expedition. —“lon,” the Washington
orrespondent of the Baltimore Sun, savs;
“The Japan expedition is not, it is now said, to be
ountermauded, but reduced from 238 guns to less than
<o, and to about 2, 100 men instead of 2,12 5 The
I -ermunt, ship of the line, will form no part of the
I quadron, as was originally intended, and chiefly, is
i aid, on account of the want of men.
It would be rather mortifying to this country toaban
iou this expedition after having made so ninth fuss
i ‘bout it, and after such prolonged and frequently abor
tive efforts get it in readiness. The result of tlie expe
dition could not be injurious, aud might be very bene
ficial to the commerce of this country, and of the whole
world.
I-V?” The X. Y. Tribune makes the following an
nouncement. (^‘ important, if true,’’) relative to “The
Dauphin Business:”—
[ “ YVe are told by one of the parties engaged in this
investigation, that a letter has been received from a la
dy at New Orleans, who states that she is the person to
whom Belanger made his dying declaration, in regard
io the Dauphin. She is well known to Dr. Hawkes,
having been a member of his church when he was set
tled iu New-Orleans. She states that she has in her
1 possession a trunk full ot documents relating to this
question, communications from the royal tainilv, &e
----which sets the matter entirely at rest, and proves the
Rev. Mr. Williams to be the*Dauphin, beyond cavil.—
An agent Ills been sent to New-Orleans, to obtain pos
session of the documents. These facts were stated lo
us by a gentleman who has been closely connected with
this matter from the beginning, aud if they are facts, we
hope the documents will be hurried up as soou as pos
’ -able.” r
*7°’ Pie Ho t. K. k. Mewl?, of V’trg’uii <1 cl’ , Br a
Strange Doings at San Juan de Nicarautra.
The New York press very generally, we notice, ands
approve of the interference of Capt. Hollins, of the U
S Sloop of War, Cyan in favor of the American Trar
sit Company, against the authorities of San Juan. The
following article from the New York Unit'd of the 2d
inst., will throw some light upon the causes of this tem
pe ;t in a ter.j ot:
We published in yesterday’s Herald, letters from tw n
of our (O rcs{Kindinls at Grevtown, or San Juan de
Xictragu ■, giving some .t hat different versions of recent
important occurrences there, but agreeing on the one
point namely, that the government of the city has been
annulled, dissolved, and that that important point of
Central America is now virtually without any civic or
ganization. and hanging, like Mahomet’s coffin, between
earth and heaven; that is, between the governments of
Nicaragua and Mosquito, ol ihe United States and
Great Br t lin—between the American residents and the
Accessory Transit Company. To which side destiny
may incline the bal nice, is now a subject for political
ami philosophic speculation
To reduce the iacts, as we have received them, to son is
sort of order and connection, and to exhibit them in an
intelligible light, will be our endeavor in this article.—
It would seem that in June, 1851, before the organiza
tion of the late municipal government of San Ju.m, the
Transit Company, th.ui trading under the title of the
Atlantic and Facitic Ship Canal Company, applied to the
Musquito King, through the British Consul, for permis
sion to establish a depot, coaling yard. Ac, on Point
Aicnas, a spit of land winch forms one side of the har
bor, on the opposite side from the city of San Juan.
The desired privilege was granted, and the company
erected the necessary buildings on the sjiot indicated.
Afewards, the municipal government of San Juan
which was organized in May of the following year, and
which was composed almost exclusively of Americans
required this depot as a quarantine ground; and the
company having refused to surrender it, legal proceed
ings were instituted, and an ejectment issued tortile ex
pulsion of the company’s employees and the demolition
of the buildings they had elected.
On the other side, however, it i- ch rged that the gov
ernment and the American residen.s have been work
ing under British influence; that they were annoyed on
account of the faciii ies provided by the company tor
the transmission ot passengers, thereby diverting from
the citizens tlie rich pickings they might otherwise have
had travellers to and from California; and that the hos
tile proceedings against the company, were to be attrib
uted to this spirit of jealousy and vexation, and to the
desite that they should locate their depot on the city
side of the harbor.
However this may be, one thing is certain, that the
writ ot ejectment granted by the courts, was to be put
into execution on the 11th of March, aud that all the
needful preparations were made to enforce the edicts of
the law. The marshal and his stall were ready, the axes,
and saws and implements of demolition were’ provided,
the militia were at hand to protect t lie officers of justice
and the doom of the company’s deiwit and workshops
appeared sealed and inevitable, whenlo! on the dav
previous to that which was to have witnessed the tri
umph of the municipality and courts of law, the U. S.
si.>op of war Cya.ne lmte in sight and anchored in the
harbor As if by common consent, the heads of the
government, the United States mercantile agent, and
the agent of the Transit Company, repaired on board
to lay their several statements before Captain Hollins
and to solicit his support on one or the other side.—
The details of these interviews are given in our corres
pondence, published yesterday, and will have, doubtless
excited considerable public attention.
On the morning of the 11th, the great, the eventful
day, big with the fate of San Juan and the Transit
Company—it was seen, with no little amazement, that
the Cuane had taken up a menacing position, and that
the adamantine lips of her great guns were uncovered
and peeping through the port holes right out on the little
city. Still the marshal and his stall', undeterred by
these ominous appearances, and invested with the pow
ers of the law, made a show of attempting the execu
tion of its injunction, but were incontinently brought
to theii senses by the command on board to “prepare
for action,” and the ap]iearauce of a body of marines
armed, as our correspondent says, cap - te. What was
to be done ? The law was powerless in the presence of
a higher law; the attempt to oust the company must be
desisted from—and consequently the powers of the gov
ernment and of the law, were alike null and void in this
extremity. Next day the members of the government
met, nasseda resolution resigning the offices with which
they had been entrusted, struck iheir Hag—the Mosqui
to one—and appointed a committee to demand explana
tions from the government at Washington.
Now, is the administration prepared to satisfy their
legitimate reclamation on this point ? It is a matter of
no small moment and responsibility Ihus to intefere
with and overawe the regular operation ot a regular con
stituted government and courts of Justice. Did Capt.
Hollins act from instructions?—and if so, on what
grounds were those instructions issued? The coutiover
sy was u purely legal one, both parties to it being
Americans; arid we would like to know by what prece
dent or right has the executive arm intervened ? Doubt
less the administration is in possession of facts and doc
uments which may have led to this armed intervention,
and we trust that some member of the Senate will give
it the opportunity of presenting them to the country,
and rendering an explanation oi'this extruordman mat
ter. VV e waut the reasons—the public want them—the
ex-government of San Juan de Nicaragua wauls iliem;
and so, by all means, let us have them.’
The following telegraphic dispatch to the New York
Press, gives some additional particulars relative to this
ailuir:
Washington, April 3.
Despatches have been received at the State Depart
nunt irum (Japt. Hollis, by which the fads in repard to
the recent omp <T< Uit of the Cyane are fully disclosed.
It appears that the so called town of San Joan is under
the control of persons from ail countries—ours among
the rest—who have sworn the Mosquito
King. Our government does not recoguise his red
skinned majesty, and since the British protectorate has
been abandoned, the town re verts to the Nicaraguan
government, under which the American Transit Com
pauy have full power by their charter to retain tiosses
sioti of the premises from tt hich they were sought to be
arbitrarily ejected. The Cyane was sent there to pro
tect the rights and property of American citizens, and
C'apt. Hollis has done bis duty—no more and no less.
His course meets the unqualified approval of General
Pierce, and further orders, of a similar tenor to those
under which the Cyane has acted, wilt be forthwith des
patched. The President will seize this opportunity to
nut our relations with Central America, so tar as the
Mosquito King, the British protect, rate and ihe muni
cipality of .San Juan are concerned, on a well defined,
explicit and permanent basis. The Cvane has made a
good beginning. It will be sustained and followed <ut
it necessary, for it is well understood that no other ti.au
a peremptory course is effectual in that quarter. Great
Britain cannot bare the face to demur, even if she were
so inclined, because this method of ac ing first and ne
gotiating af erwards is only parallel with her own poli
cy in Central American affairs.
The Fishery Question.
Recent intelligence front New Brunswick leaves little
room to doubt the growth of very bad feeling on the
subject of the fisheries. It lias ordinarilv been sm -
posed that the New Brunswickcrs were move friendly
in their disposition to this country than the other Brit
ish American colonies. If we recollect aright, Mr. Sa
bine, in his admirable report, avers ol his personal
knowledge that the most kindly lelations subsist be
tween the Maine and Massachusetts fishermen and those
of New Brunswick, and that the latter connive at the
inti action of treaty stipulations by our countrymen.—
But the supposition and the averment are inexplicabl y
if the Legislature of the province may be regarded
retlecting truly the popular sentiment!
1 he other day the papers brought a report presented
by one of the legislative committees in reference t>
reciprocity and the fisheries, breathing tluoughotb
most belligerent spirit. Now we receive a hi;! embi.
citig the provisions in regard to the fisheries of so e: -
treme a character that it is impossible to see how its
passage cau be followed by aught but difficulty b tween
the two countries during the approaching sca-on -
Amongst other things this bill enacts that provincial
officers may board any vessel or boat within anv harbor
in the province, “or hovering within three marine miles
olany ot the coasts or harbors thereof, and stav on board
so long as she may remain within such place or dis
tance. As the term “harbors is used in a sense that
“shall include ports, bays and creeks,” it is obvious that
the offensive interpretation as to headlands, is to be
persisted in at till hazards, so tar as the voice of New
Brunswick can carry weight. The bill further enacts
that a vessel “hovering’ tor twenty-four hours after no
tice to quit shall have been given, mar be searched and
carried into port; and if the Piaster’s answers be not
satisfactory, a tine of t'iooislobe inflicted upon hint.
The third clause provides that, if a foreign vessel or
boat “shall be found to have been fishing, <„• p,•paring
to fish, within three utiles’ of the colonial coasts or har
bors, it and its cargo shall be forfeited.
This is an attempt to carry matters with a high hand,
and one which the Home Government will scarcely be
rash enough to sanction. Under the provisions cited,
almost anv insult or outrage might be committed ; tnd
considering the strong opinions that ate entertained
amongst our citizeus in regard to the fishery question,
it would he unwise, we think, for New Brunswick to
commit either.— I Jif.ptM c.
I;ie Kama Gap Road. —The Charleston papers r. •
nouuce the gratifying intelligence that their City Gum
cil subscribed, very recently, a half a million of “dollars,
to aid in the construction of the Kabuti (lap rail re: and, a
magnificent project now engaging the attention of East
Tennessee, keutuekv and Virginia. It is said that the
City Council intend to subscribe a half.a million ntore--
ami that the citizens will subscribe an equal amount,
while the Charleston railroad Company will subscribe
on* ‘ihe corporate authorities of Knoxville,
subscribed £4n,ou<> bust week, or rather the property
holders authorized it to be done, upon which tbe city
council will act promptly. We hone to hear that the
co mty of 1- ■ >x h s authorized a subscription of loo,< 0.
to this same great scheme, on the 7th ot next month.—
\\ e will not allow ourselves to doubt ihe success of so
magnificent and glorious a scheme, by its detent at ti e
ballot-box. The time tor action is here, and every con
sideration demands ptornpt, energetic and decisive ac
tion at the ballot box, on the 17th of next month. H 3
speak in reference to lv*ax County —other counties will
do their duty, if aid Knox but sets a good example—it
she but put ihe ball in motion.— Jlro.oulnr's 11 u <J,
i •;.*.
Safety of tub Saranac.— The steamer G rdu t at*
rived here last night about 11 o’clock, bringing intelfi;
genet that the U. S. frigate Siruna has been got °*h
by the assistance of the two steamers tivrd-t < and-/•
<s> on*. The Sktrunac was fioated off at a quartc-r before
G o’clock last evening, and having steam onut tbe tih u ‘>
bore directly tor the harbor, ami arrived inside of
bee at about a o'clock We learn lhat her guns wet o
not taken off—nothing being discharged hut tbe -■“*
and coals. She is uot much injured, from Ihe fact o’
her h iving come into T vliee tmd*- ♦ fn'l v‘. • ■ <