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Hi’ ART HISTORY.
BT ROBT. JOSSELYJf.
Once upon a time, * maiden
Sat beneath a hawtbornc tree.
And her lover, close beside her,
Murmured vows of constancy.
Fairer, sweeter than the blossom
Hanging over her, was she,
And her heart within her bosom,
Throbbed and glowed tumultuously.
Doth were young and fond and foolish,
Neither rich, the story goes,
Ma was proud, and Pa was mulish.
Great their loves and great their woes,
So they kissed, and wept and parted,
Swearing to be ever true; —
Died the maided broken-hearted ? •
Was the lover faithtul to*
Pshaw ! she wed a bauker,
iSlonder whispered she was sold;)
Anil no city dames outrank her
With her pookets full of gold;
Queen at every ball and party,
Decked with lace and jewels rare,
Looking very fresh and hearty,
Deigns the victim of despair!
He, confound the lucky fellow—
Took a widow twice his years.
Fat and forty, ripe and mellow.
With a brace of “little dears
Big servants plenty,
Splendid mansion pomp and case,
Cured the boyish love of twenty,
That incurable disease.
Learn from this, vou dosting lover,
In your anguish, not to break
Anvthiug thiug of greater value
Than the promises you make;
Hearts were made to put in motion
Blood than otherwise migh’ cool;
Pleasi r.\ profit and promotion.
Graduate at Cupid's school.
England and her Slaves.
We in this country are amazed, that the countrymen
and countrywomen of the oppressors of India, can turn
their eyes away from the contemplation of the one hun
dred aDd fifty millions of human beings there, reduced
by them to virtual slavery, in order to upbraid Ameri
cans with their three millions of persons also condemn
ed to servitude, llow cau such a phenomenon be ac
counted for ? The American slaves are only one fiftieth
part of the Indian ; yet what an outcry about one, what
deathless silence upon the other Are they not, to come
to the real truth of the matter —pretty much alike, ail
equally slaves except in a name? What’s in a name ?
The pitiable condition of a human creature is to be
measured by bis degradation, suffering and destitution,
and not by arbitrary rules, or scholastic definitions.
The question is. what is the absolute state of the con
quered serfs of Hindoostun? What is their relative
condition compared with the negro servants of the
Southern planter* Facts must answer. Consult the
public press. The Fritted or Irtd-it says, that in the
Presidency of Madras “upwards of twenty millions have
been reduced to such utter wretchedness of condi ion,
and abjectness of feeding, that it would be difficult to
find a parallel in any other country.” According to one
of the government engineers, two hundred un i fifty
th© >S ma peri h and mi-< r ,bly by famine in another presi
dency, through the neglect of government. When a
nation, thus sunk in guilt, stretches its long arm across
the Atlantic, end affects, we say not hyj ociiiicallv, to
be very busy in lifting up the down-trodden in “this
country, while that arm is wanted to help the real slaves
in her own dominions; aye, every band and finger it
possesses ought to be employed in that work of mer
cy—how can we avoid saying to her officious interfer
ence—physician, heal thyself? Why intermeddle with
American affairs ? we are Suspicious of vour aid and
sympathy, for we have not known either, in all ourhis
torv, to be exerted for our advantage.
The horrible misery and degradation of the ihnab!-
tants of India, appear to have resulted an usual, from
the pecuniary oppressions of their conquerors. Jt is
acknowledged by her own writers, that England has
extended and is still extending her encroachments,
whereever she can from a thirst not so much for the glo
ry, as for the profits ot the empire. Her cupidity of
trade and her oppressive taxes lie at the root of the suf
ferings of the poor serfs of the East. The Government ,
of India for example, is a very simple business. What
does the couqueror do ? Confiscate the proper! vof the
landlords, and become tbe one universal landlord, and
master of the territory. Thus universal owner, the
course is plain to impose from year to year such rents
and taxes upon the property, as she think-, fit; and tins
fitness is measured nicely by her abditv of extortion.—
The power to wring no more from the population is the
sole check and limit upon her taxation.
I he whole country lies oj>cn and exposed, according
to a recent Engiish work upon that sutjject, lo the exac
tions of the ruling powers, and they ate making an ex
periment, like a surgeon u;>n a trembling reptile, how
much the people can endure and live. The atrocities
of India w ili ever be a deep stain upon the character of
England. Mora* than that, they must render her in
competent to take the leatl in any Immune reform. It
deprives her of moral force. How can the nations lis
ten to her, w hen the.’ see her deaf to Ihe cries and prat -
ers of India which must be acknowledged to be within
her power to lis en to and answer Who w ants ti e advo
cacy of those who attempt a good which, it not abso
lutely impracticable, is utterly impracticable to them,
when they at the same time have not the heart to feel,
nor the hand to relieve the miseries at their very doors,
and those too occasioned by themselves *
Great Britaiu perhaps will discover by and bv, that
if she warns to become a benefactor to America, which
she has not been hitherto, excep: by Iter neglect or op
position, she must tirsr try to benefit not only her coun
trymen on her little islands; but the natives of those
vast countries, whom she has made helpless b\ her con
quests, aud afterwards made w retched by her insatiable
appetite for commercial gain, und her inordinate taxa
tion. Her oppressions over her oncntial conquests, de
fy all justification or apology, aud we always lament,
whenever we see either attempted bv some good people
amoDg ourselves, w ho almost i indicate the victories of
the invader, on the ground that the Bibleinav obtain an
entrance through the gaping wounds of a niition. The
Bible may come to them indeed, yet it will be, not only
by the overthrow of the government and the coumrv.
but over tbe annihilation of the race itself, whose salva
tion it was proposed to seeure. -Xrwurk, X. J. Sente,.*.
Osage Orange Hedges in Ihc Sooth.
We h 4 the pleasure of u call, some few days since,
from Gideon Dowse, Esq., ot Iturke county, who iu
forms us that he has now growing upon his plantation
an Osage Orange Hedge o,>. y txc • ye .rs <4i, w hich pre
acute such a formidable appearance that few aniinais
are disposed to test its quality; and which (after the
present season’s growth) may be safely reiitd on to
“turn” all quadrupeds and other animals, from a aquit
rel to an elephant!
Mr. Dowse has,/ ar miUt of hedgeof this description
growing finely; and, at the time of his visit, he pur
chased from us a supply of Pitkin's seed, w ith the view
of largely increasing nis plants and extending the hedge
wherever a permanent fence or barrier is needed.
We are strong believers in the efficiency and dura
bility of the Osage Orange as a hedge plant; and with
the view of fully testing a, have obtained, at no little
trouble and expense, a large supply of fresh seed from
Mr. Pitkin, who persoually superintends the gathering
and curing of it, during the winter season, in the tai
leva and along the water courses of Texas.
There is, perhaps, no plant that equal* the Osage
Orange as a dJtnt, n hedge for all soils, and every ex
treme of climate. It is, (as we have often before stated
a native of the river bottoms of Arkausas, Texas, and
the Southwest generally, and grows indigenously in the
moist alluvial lands of that fertile region. Put* when
raised from seed and properly transplanted, it is hard
to say where it will not grow and thrive vigorously.—
We saw, last summer, u beautiful and luxuriant young
hedge at Niagara Falls, New Y’ork, (43 deg. s mi .
North) —another very thrifty and formidable hedge, of
over two years old, around the garden of P. Ilrcutiiall,
Esq., oi Utica, in the State (43 deg ) and many o.hers
in various parts of the Northern and Middle States.
For the Sou toon. H rticultur gt an l Fruit Grotrer, it
is, without the least question, th< hedge jlaiit/Air i_-
otUence —none other can compare with it for drftnie
against the marauding depredations of those wlio te
morsely “break in and steal’’ the ripe and blushing
fruits of years of labor; and we hope to live long en
ough to see onr orchards ami gardens everywhere sur
rounded with a dense and “livinggreen’’ wall of its fret
ful and bristling thorns; which, once felt, are forever
afterwards a “terror to evil doers.”
We have accepted the kind invitatiou <*f onr friend.
Dowse. to visit him and inspect his fuur in Uhe in <;
and shall furnish our readers with all the information
that we can obtain upon the subject in future numbers
of our journal.— Southern Cultivator.
Important Geographical Researches.
Os the various expeditions fitted out by the United
States Government, uud individual enterprise, the A’
}”. Her all contains a full and interesting account.—
From that journal we select notices of the following:
CENTRAL KOI TE TO TUB TACiriC.
We cannot better prove the enterprising spirit of onr
people than by racoiding the private expedition which
lately started Irom St. Louis, to accompany Lieutenant
Heal in his survey of the new route to ilie Pacific— Mr.
Klisha Riggs, his brother William Henry, and H. H<d
gets, Esq., members of the bar at Washington, and
son of the late Commodore Rodgers. These gentlemen
have no government employment, and go as amateur
travelers to see the grand features of their own country,
and to form their own opinions of the practicability <>f
the noblest work which the mind of men ever conceiv
ed. They have seen Europe and Asia, and mean to see
the inside of their own country. We understand that
the Secretary at War, Hon. Jefferson Davis, is or
ganizing an expedition for the exploration of thecentasl
route to the Pacific, a:id has associated with it Mr. f{.
H. Kern, who was one of Fremont’s comrades, and with
him in bis last disastrous expedition, and has also au
thorized him to employ St. Tapi in, who was also one of
Fremont s comrades, and wiih him when hie expedition
was buried in the terrible snows of the Sierra Sau Juan.
Tbia ts a compliment to Fremont, to employ two of his
comrades to takes up his work where he was stopped.
As for Fremont himself, he will be detained, we under
stand, so long by the writ against him ior’the debt of
the United States, in Loudon, to eotne home in time to
be employed in any of the government expeditions now
fitting out. He is collecting fine instruments in Lor
don, and will probably be home in time to make a win
ter expedition, and prove the practicability of bis cher
ished central route in winter as well as in summer,
loxaf mpKomoff mcoiT.n the nocar mountains is
lS’.n.
In the year 1850, Gcu Win, C. Jones, of Missouri,
made an expedition through the ridge of mouufuins
which divide our Western territories, in company with
the Clierokue Indiana. The route which he explored is
more important than any other yet found, being i early
paraded with ban Francisco, and therefore more direct
for the Great Pacific Railway. Commencing at Inde
! pcndence, it follows the Kansas and Republican fork of
, fiat stre an, through a fertile country, with wood, wa
ter and grass in abundance, to the source of said stream;
thence passing over an elevated table land into the va
ley of the south fork of the Nebraska, it crosses that
siream at the mouth of Vermillion creek; thence in a
northwest direction, passing by newly discovered gold
fields, it skills the base of ixtng’s Peak, crosstug the
Medicine Bow Mountains by one of the head stream* of
the Laramie river into the north part; tin nee by one of
the sources of the north fork of the Nebraska to the
head of tbe Vampa river; theuce directly west to the
mouth of Henry’s fork on the Greeu river, or Upper
Colorada of the West; theuce in a line nearly due
west thtongh the Tiupanogos range of tbe Wassa'ch
Mountains to the head streams of Weber river, and to
the Great Salt Lake City; thence south of the Great
Sait Lake by the Valley of Fountains, making a detour
to the southwest to the Owen’s rivor and the head of
the lake fork of the San Juasuiu. This mute is practi
cable for a railway, fifty loaded wagons having {Hissing
over it in 1860, when it was perfectly pathiiss, and
without meeting with any obstructions. The pass over
the main range of the Rocky Mountaius is in about for
ty degrees fortv-towr minute*, being nearly nu a paral
lel w ith the Salt Lake City. It is a mere rolling prairie
upland, but 7,400 feet above the level ot the sea, and in
tact lower than some of the foot lulls around. Upon
this route, and between the Vampa river and the mouth
<>f Henry’s fork on tbe Green river, or Upper Colorado,
is a mountain of stone coal, larger probably than any
other deposite of that mineral ever discovered. These
facts should elicit iarestigatiou from the Topographical
department.
col. RvMSAr’s sxrt.on vTio.v of wexico.
Among tlie many valuable discoveries which have
been made, respecting the geological and geographical
features ot oar continent, none are entitled to more con
secration than those made by Col. Ratnsay,in aucxpc
ti.ion through Mexico. During the war between the
Uoited States and the Mexican republic. Col. Ramsay
commanded one of the Pctinay lvanta regiments engaged
■it that contest. After the termination of hostilities be
tween the two rejmblics, he returned to Mexico, where,
for the most pari he employed his time in makiug ex
plorations and investigations of that country, which
have enabled him to correct many important error*
made by the great humboit, especially in reference to
the navigation of it* rivers. Col. Ramsay says the vol
canoes oi Popocatapetl and Ixtachinati, on the range of
mountains to the west of the city of Puebla, rise far
i above the line of perpetual snow, the former being 17,-
862 feet above the level of tire sea, and the latter 15,700
teet. In their altitude tbe summer line for snow is a*
14,763 feet, and tbe winter line at 12,138 fret. Popo
catepetl tourers aloft even above the altitude of Mont
11. line, which is only l-’i.TSI feet above the level of the
sea. The highest limits of vegetation is at 12,6‘JS feet
attitude, aud at 12,644 {lines are found growing. At
the elevation of U,SK) feet, barley and rye are sown
where maize will uot ripen. Colonel Ramsay’s discove
ries in mineralogy and botany are very important, and
his description of the manners and characters ot the in
habitants of some portions of Mexico exceedingly inter
esting. The following is au extract from his writings in
regard to the ‘Pintos, or painted people: “It is imjios
sible to couvev by writing any distinct idea of the a{i
pearanee of the ‘Pintos.’ No two of these people are
alike m color or marks on their person. You will see u
pretty formed girl with one hand white and the other
black Her face spotted of a gray, blue, black, or white
color. Sometimes a man will have one half of his face
lead eolol, and the other half a copper complexion.
Nothing on this car.h more visibly depicts despair,
and extinguishes all emotions of human stnypaihy
within you, than the sight of some of these human be
.ngs. Some created a feeling of horror, but larger por
iiou of them arc not revolting in their appearance, but
only repulsive from their looks. They In e for the most
part in villages by themselves, speaking only the Aztec
language, ignorant, |>oor, superstitious, and without any
hope or ambition. In the war w ith the United States
regiments raised from amoDg them were not uilowed to
defend the capital, or even to encamp with the other
soldiers. They are kind, simple, honest, and indusiri
mis, where there is any occasion to w ork.” This histo
ry, while it instructs, is also deeply interesting, record
ing as it does the condition of that unfortunate people
who were once know n as the rulers of America as the
race of the Montezumas, but vvuo have fallen before the
.natch of the Caucasian, and are now only recorded us
the “Last ot Aztecs.” Col Ramsav has demonstrated
and established the fact of the river Mcscala being navi
gable up lo a certain height for vessels of considerable
burden, whereas heretofore its course was almost un
known, and its navigation considered impracticable.—
No stronger evidence can be desired of the accuracies
ot the maps and charts made from the surveys of Col.
Ramsay, than that the Mexican government itself has
endorsed them as the only correct ones extant.
TitE SOXOr.A EXPEDITION.
The Sinta Clara Register says that ten vessel* are be
i ing prepared in the harbor of San Francisco for the
transportation of men and munitions of war for the So
nora expedition, and that a { ortiou of these vessels are
: being pierced for guns. It further says that the expe
: lion will consist of fifteen hundred men and three bund*
ii e.l horses, and that it will be ready to sail in a very
i short time. From another source we learn that Count
ulaousset, when first returnd from his late disgraceful
attempt, w as poor, iu tact .so very much in want of funds
as to be compelled to live upon his friends; but that
now he has a large sum, as much as s4oo,out) it is al
leged at his command, a portion at least of which money
finely arrived by a French bark. This may all be so,
adds the Sacramento Californian, but in looking over
the custom house statistics wc cannot find anv French
vessel that brought any considerable amount of specie.
LIEt'T. GILLIs’ DISCOVERIES IS CniLl.
About three years ago our government sent Lieut.
Gillis to Chili to superiuted an astronomical observatory
erected there, and which had been supplied with instru
ments by tbe United States. Lieut. Gillis returntd
home during the month of November last, and the re*
j>ori he made of bis scientific investigations redound to
I his own honor and to the credit and benefit ofhis coun
try. The principal object of this astronomical expedi
tion was to determine, y anew method, the sun’s par
allax, which, fmm other observations made ut that time
tn Europe, promised to be eminently successful in giv
ing its true position. But the labors of Lieut. Gillis
have not been confined to this one investigation, as is
proved by the fact that lie is able to make a new* cata
logue and chart of tbe celestial world, founded upon
| about 40,We astronomical and meteorological observa
tions. In addition to this, the credit belongs to Lieut.
Gillis cf being the first to determine the true geographi
cal position of Santiago, and the variations of the mag
netic elements at various places in South America.—
’ His efforts tended in a great degree to the establish
intent o! this first national observatory in South Ameri
ca, which has already been productive of many benefi
cial result*.
One of the associate* of Lieut. Gillis in hi* scientific
enterprise, Lieut. McCrae, of North-California, did not
return diiectly homufiomthe field ol hi* labors; but,
snvous to leave no opportunity lor promoting scientific
kuow ledge untried, he determined to cross the Andes,
! being attended with a t hilian guard as far as Mendoza,
lon :be borders of the Argentine republic. Thence he
i.fiends to cross the immense I‘ampns, and to end his
journey by descending the Rio de la Flats lo Buenos
i Ayres. On bis journey across the Andes he will make
observatioi * at every point 3,000 teet high, and on the
Pampas at the completion of every bundled mile*.—
I Great good may be expected to result from the arduous
journey of this enthusiastic devotee of science.
EXPLORATION'S Ot* LIKCTS. LEE ANO BERRYMAN.
During the last year, to futher the interest of naviga
tion, the brig Dolphin was nl.iccd under the command
lof Lieut. l<ee, of the United States navy, and he was
j despatched to explore the route between tbe United
i Stales and Europe, to determine the true position of
j some dauge oils rocks and shoals, w hich were known
o exist m tbis portion of the A'lantic. Lieut. Lee uj>on
h s return from this cruise, gave some important infor
mation iqton this subject. The work, however, not be
ing comp* ed under him, the Doiph.n was again des
puichcd upon a second cruise, and the command of her
•*nti u ted to Lieut Burry man, who, we doubt not, will
successfully complete llie important tusk commenced
by Lieut. Lee.
EXPEDITION TO EXPLORE TIIK VARIOUS ROUTES TO THE
i* ac trie.
At the present time, great efforts are making by our
government to obtain correct information in regard to
various passes of the Rocky Mountains, that it may lead
to some decision as the practicability of building a great
national railroad, reaching from ocean to ocean, across
ourc nt nent. The eminent explorers who have traver
s *d these rocky regions, have given much and iiupor
•ant information as to some of these posses, but many
o them are yet unexplored. For the purpose of making
ihc necessary explanations, two parlies have already
been organ:* and by our government, and t \o more wdl
be titttd out in a few days. Ofthe two companies now
organized, Mr. Stevens, Governor of the new territory’ of
Washington, is in command of one, and is ordered to
survey the most northern routes
The o*l er party is under the command of Lieu*. Rob
ert 8. Williamson, and is composed as follows: Lieut.
K. S. Williamsmi and Li tit. J. G. l’arke, of the Corps
oi To|h'graphical Eng n era, and Lt. G. B. Ande sn,of
he lutuutry; also, otic mm ralogist, two civil eng ne is,
and one draughtsman. This party under Lieut. Wil
-1 amson, will explore the country between the I’acific
and the mouth ofthe Gila, tbiough Walker’s Pass, ex
amining the country lying west of iho Lower Colorado,
which will be the most southern survey. The two ot! -
er expeditions, not yet organized, arc to be commanded
I bv Capt. Gunison, of ihe Topographical Engineers, and
Lieut. Whipple, assisted by Lieut Ives of tbe same
corps; but what routes they are to survey and explore,
have not yet been determined upon.
LIEUT, page's EXPEDITION TO SOUTH AMERICA.
A recent decree of the Argentine Confederation hav
ing npem-d to navigation the rivers of that country,
i invited there the commercial enterprise of the world.—
Bv this liberal decree of President Crquiza, a vast extent
of territory—proverbial for its boundless treasures ot
vegetable and mineral weal h, extending along the wa
ters ofthe La Plata, through twenty-foul degives of lati
tude, with every climate between the temperate ami
torrid zones, and yielding every rarity of product which
might be gathered at any altitude, from the fertile plains
of the ocean's level to the barren summits of the Andes
—was now ready to pour its riches into the hands of
the first ndventurers of commerce. Our {tircnunal,
ever ready* to secure any great and permanent advantage
for the commercial interest of the uation, fitted out an
expedition under the command of Lieut. Page, of the
navy, to explore and survey, for the purpose of naviga
tion, these extensive rivers, whose waters wash shorts
teeming with inexhaustible wealth, and whose beds are
studded with precious stones.
The steamer Water Witch was put in condition for
j this service; Lieut. Page, her commander, was provided
[ with an able crew, ants aided by officers fittea for lit*
i accomplishment of the errand upon which they sailed.
: A few boats were provided, adapted to the navigation
lof the upper streams of the Ist Plata, and every thing
! provided for tbe perfect exatuinn'iou of the interior of
the southern continent. When this expedition returns, it
(will no doubt give an interesting history of ilieirjour
;ney, the result of which will be remembered, and the
j advantages of which will be felt, after those who per
: formed it shall be do more.
JOURNAL & MESSENGER.
J 4MIES T. NISBET AND SIMRI ROSE,
EDITORS.
MACON, GEORGIA:
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 8, 1858.
The County of Taylor.
In publishing a list of the counties, composing the
Third Congressional District, we omitted the name of
Taylor. Our attention has bon called to the fact by
our correspondent “Taylor,’ who is right in his state
ment that it belongs to this District. In the act re-or*
ganising Ihe Congressional Districts, the name of Tay
lor does not appear, but in the act organising Ibis
new county, It is provided that it shall be attached to
the Third Congressional District. Wc are glad to learn
that the Whigs of this county, though in a minority,
are awake and prepared to do their yvliole duty iu the
peuditig elections.
The Electiou in Virginia.
The gerrymander in the Old Dominion has worked
very yvell in the recent elections. The Democratic
party lias carried every Congressional District in the
State. The following is a list of the Congressmen
elect: Thomas H. Bngly, Ist district; John S. Millson;
2d; John S. Caskic, 3d; William 0. Goode, 4tli’
Thomas S. Bocock. 61 It; Pnulens Powell, 6th; Win,
Smith, 7th; Chas. J. Faulkner, Bth ; John Letcher, ‘.fill
Z Kidncll, 10th; Charles S. Lewis, 11th; 11. A. Ed
monson, l*Jtb ; Fayette McMullen, ICth.
The Legislature is also Democratic in both branches
Tlic only crumb of comfort which is left to the M higs,
is the fact, that several of the regular Democratic no*
minees have been defeated by independent candidates,
and that there is a Whig gain in both branches of the
Legislature.
Grand Dodge I. O. O. F.
The Annuril Communication of this Grand Body,
convened at the Odd Fellows’ Hall in this city, on
Wednesday last, the Most Morthy Grand Master, Wal
ton B. Harris, Esq., presiding. Avery respectable
number of Delegates were in attendance. On Thurs
day, at 11 o’clock, a procession was formed by the
Grand and the Franklin, and the United Brother’s
Lodges, by B F. Dense, tbe Grand Marshal, and pro
ceeded to the Baptist Church, where prayer was mode
by the Grand Chaplain, Rev. C. W. Key, and an ap
propriate and eloquent Address by Brother Lu’.her J.
Glenn. At night, a Festival was provided at the Wash
ington Ilnll, where a large number of the brotherhood
assembled, and a few hours were passed in rational hi*
ferity* and social festivity. The condition of the Order
in this State, shows that there are forty-four work
ing Lodges in this jurisdiction and a contributing
membership of i960. The contributions for Relief
of Brothers, $3,211 *ll ; for relief of Widows, s."'7o Ofi;
for the education of Orphans, $l4O 00; for burying
the dead, $770 44, making an aggregate expenditure
of $4,494 96. Number of Brothers relieved lw6 ; num
ber of widowed families relieved 11 ; number of Broth*
ers buried 17.
The Annual Session of the Gra'iid Encampment I
0. F , of the State of Georgia, convened in this city, on
Thursday last. The following Patriarchs were duly
elected Officers of the Encampment, for the ensuing
year .*
A. It. Wrigh*. of No. 1. M. W. G. P.
J. Collins, of No. 2. M. E. G 11. P.
E. C. Sherwood, of No. 2. J!. W. G. S W.
C. II Johnson, of No. 7. It. W. J G W.
George Patten, of No. 2. U. W. G. S.
K. C. Gran net, of No. 2. 11. W. G. T.
E. S. Kempton, of No. 1. R. W. G. Itep.
D. C. Hodgkins, of No. 1. W. G. Sentinel.
Grand Lodge ol Odd Fellows.
On Thursday, the Annual election of Grand Officers
took place und resulted as follows:
J. D. Butt, No. 10, M. W. Grand Master.
B. F. Dense, No 4, It. W. I). P. I). Master.
E. Lawshe, No 28, R, W. Grand Warden.
Geo. Patten, No. 6, R. W. Grand Secretary
E. C. Grannis, No. 5, It. W. Grand Treasurer.
M. Woodruff, No. 6, R. W. Grand Rep
After Installation, the newly elected Grand Master
made the following appointments.
Rev. C. W. Key, of No. 36, W. Grand Chaplain.
Jus. M Bivins, of No. o, W. G. Marshal.
Edward Platt, of No. 26, W. (i. Conductor.
E. C. Sherwood, of No. 5. W. G. Guardian.
DISTRICT DEPUTY GRAND MASTERS.
Clarke, Oglelhorps and Wilkes, C. S. Oliver.
Burke, Jefferson and Washington, T. 11. Pulhill.
Pike, Henry and Spalding, E. P. Watkins.
Troup and Talbot, H. B. T. Montgomery.
Muscogee, S’ewart und Baker, Sidney Root.
Green and Morgan, C. E. Nisbet.
Chatham, S. S. Sibley.
Macon, Sumter and Lee, J. G. McCrary.
Baldwin and Wilkinson, N. A. Carswell.
Bibb and Twiggs, Deputy Grand Master.
Crawford and Upson, (to be filled )
Floyd and Murray, J. I). Gibson.
Pulaski, Houston and Dooly, S W. Lasseter.
Cobb and Cass, W. W. Boyd.
DcKalb, the Grand Warden.
Richmond, the Grand Master.
*-#T* H. Winter Davis, of Maryland, a prominent
and able supporter of General Scott, in the late Presi
dential election, has recently written a book with Ihe
fantastic title of “ The War of Orniuzd and Ahriman,” in
which lie has endeavoured to show that Russia, the re
presentative of absolutism, and America, the represen
tative of free Government, are destined to be tbe great
antagonist powers of the earth. This Whig book, so
peculiarly American iu its views and its teachings, pio
voked a severe critique from the Washington Union,
the Metropolitan organ of ihe Democratic Party, in
which the writer not only ridicules its style, its reason
ing, and its sentiments, but takes occasion to land the
Government of the Czar, to admire its itnnense ener
gy, and its centralized strength, and to deprecate the
remotest possibility of any disturbance of our present
amicable relations with a Government which systemat
ically brutalizes its o\\ n people, enslaves and oppresses
a large proportion of the population of the globe, and
crushes with its iron heel, every feeble uprising t>f the
people of the continent of Europe against tlie oppression
of their rulers. This is the system of policy which in
the energy of its execution, excite* the admiration of
the Editor ol the Union, and this the Government, with
its unbroken traditions of despotism and wiong, imti
present antagonist position to every liberal or pi ogi ts
sive movement of the age, with which wc must nsidn.
ously cultivate relations of peace and friendship. .Such
is the opinion of the Democratic Editorof the If \>*h-n .
ton Lit on, which pretend* to be peculiarly Anicrnsn
in its sympathies und feeling*, and advocates an Aimr..
can policy, for the Government of the American Conti,
nents, free from the alliances, and defiant of the intci*
vent ion of European despotism. Such, however, is not
the sentiment of the people, or of the Whig or Denus*
eratic Parties. Opinion may be divided upon the wis
dom of active intervention in favor of the liberal move
ments of Europe, but there is but one feeling among
the American people towards the Russian Government
and iliat is a hatred of its entire .system of policy, end o (
action ; and, if the Russian power increases us rapidly
as it has done of late years, and absorbs the entire
East, it is uot fanciful to imagine that the Pacific Ocean
may be the broad theatre, where America and Rus*
sia, representatives of antagonist systems, antagonist
opinion*, antagonist policies, and antagonist interests
may* light the great battle of the world, between
absolutism and popular Government.
Mr. Pryor, tbe author of the article in the Wothingtcn
Union, has published an explanation of it iu the Xition
til It\L.Uijtcnctr, from which we infer that the Adiuinis*
tration disavows it, as a representation of its view*.—
The quasi-organship of the Union, and its extreme mix.
iety to retain that position, subjects it to many hu
miliations. Appareti'ly employed by the Administra
tion, as a feeler, it has often had occasion of late, to re
trace its course—to take a fresh departure —to rush on
with prosperous gales for a while, und suddenly to be
tossed u;K>n a rock, or stranded upon the sands where
it is left high and dry by tbe Administration “ to take
the responsibility,” and case-of Tat its leisure. It is a
dangerous cruise for which it has been put into com mis*
sion— to explore the currents and quicksands and
shoals and depths of the great sea of pubi c opinion*
and it will be a miracle, if it docs not suffer shi| wrick
l-jp** We invite tbe attention of the readers of this
paper to the advertisement of Dr. J. S. Rot'* edehrts-
Ud Family Med.cine.*. I)r. Rose beiug a regular grad
uate of Medicine, and having had in Philadelphia the
past thirty years an extensive practice, commend i his
preparations to the confidence of the public.
They are extensively used in i biiad. lphia and otl er
parts of the Union, and are nmv being introduced in
this State, aud all parts of tbe world.
President Pierce has had the full benefit of the
.orbearance and the magnanimity of tlic Whig Party of
ih; South, and if there arc any among the members of
that party now disposed to support him, they are false
t 4 their political records, and false to their section. In
j be weakening of old party ties, by embittered section
’ a controversy, in the overwhelming majority by which
he was elected, and in the general disposition manifest
’d to sustain him, and offer no factious opposition to
his Administration, General Pierce had the opportunity
o give to the countrv a bold and brilliant Administra
tiou, anil to form a party national in its objects, its
aims, its precepts and its practice. He has let this op
portunity* pass He has not the nerve or projeetility
o ’ character, even to seize the occasion which fortune
oTered him, and be original in his action or policy, but
holds oti tenaciously to an old and corrupt organization,
(i a political party, which, when the spoils are divided,
will have no unity or strength ; yields his opinions, his
convictions and his wishes to tlie necessities of this par
ty, proscribes political opponents, as they have never
before been proscribed, aud commits his Administration
to the chances of a re-organization of the Democratic
Party. And to effect this re-organization, and to secure
ihe harmony of the party, he has outraged the public
sentiment which bore him into power, and deserted the
principles which he announced in his Inaugural, as the
basis of his Administration. General Pierce, from the
commanding position which he occupied, as the repre.
tentative of the conservative, Compromise and Union
people of the United States, has descended, aud conde
scended to become tbe mere tool and creature of a pai
ty—the commissary of a hungry band of followers, and
the dispenser of tbe pap of the General Government. —
To-duv, his Administration stands before the country,
not upon the Baltimore Platform, or upon his Inaugu
ral ; not upon a foreign or domestic policy, which di>
fers at all from that of the Whig Administration of Mr
Fillmore—but upon the bold, unsupported, avow ed po
sition that tbe Democratic Party must be re organized,
and over the mountains of political difference which di
vide them, united by the cement of public plunder.—
This is the brilliant programme of the present Adminis
tration, heralded with so much expenditure of rhetoric
as destined lo inaugurate anew era in the affairs of the
uation and of the world, by its bold, independent, deli
ant and original policy in foreign and domestic affairs,
to run rough-shod over all opposition, to give form and
shape to the unwieldy mass of Democracy, and by the
illustration which it would furnish of the soundness o*
Democratic principles and policy, to give no ground, no
pretext and no excuse for an opposition.
This is the brilliant progranie of administration, upon
which thus far General Pierce has acted. Thus far judg
ed by* its acts, the first great paramount object of the
administration has been, we repeat, to harmonize the
Dcmacratic Party, not by the legitimate use and dispo
sal of the patronage of the Government to harmonize it
upon a fixed policy, or principles, but under the mask
<>f an empty name to unite its discordant elements, in a
grand coalition with no end, no aim, no guarantee of
unity, but the hope to hold and to retain the public
plunder. If there is anything beyond this in the port*
folios of the President, or ofhis Secretin its, we have yet
to learn what it is. In the mean time, the prestige
which accompanied President Pierce in bis advent, is
dissipated and gone. He stands revealed to us in his
just proportions, as a man who has not the nerve to dic
tate the policy of his administration, or to save his po
litical friends from proscription. Elected by Ihe people,
he has proscribed at the dictation of a party. Elected by
| the overwhelming public sentiment of the Union, in fa
voi of the Compromise, lo* has proscribed its friends,
Whig and Democratic, and given to its opponents
stieng h and material aid, and the sanction of the go
vernment to renew sectional strife and bitterness, and
to jeopard the domestic quiet of the South.
Weighed in the balance he lias been found wanting—
wanting in the energy to meet the exigencies of his po
sition-wanting in will to load, and direct, and eoutro l
tiis party and shape it in the mould of his own opinions’
He may preside industriously over the pap department
ofthe Government, and may try faithfully to apportion
out the plunder, so as to cement the Democratic Party.
But the people feel that plunder is too narrow, and too
contemptible a basis upon which to build up a party,
or an administration, und he must give them something
more to applaud, than the decapitation of Whigs, or the
proscription of Union Democrats, aud the appointment
of Frcc-Soilers and Disuniouists to office, or else oppo
sition from every quarter will meet him, and the Con
servative, Compromise Union Whig Party of the Soutl
which has watched him as an army of observation, will
prepare for offensive operations.
IX* The offices olf honor, of profit, and of trust, nt
the ili-| osul of the President, have, almost all of them,
been tilled, and, with few exceptions, by individuals
who were, and are, opposed to the principles of the
Baltimore Platform, and of the luaugural of General
Pierce; and who were, many of them, dishonest in
their opposition to the Compromise, or are now dis
honest and insincere in their support of the Adminis
tration. In looking over the list of appointments, we
discover that a Democratic Administration is in power,
because the appointees are Democrats; and wc find
that the Union Democrats are not in power, because
th appointees are their fierce and bitter opponents,
from the Free Soil and Secession wings of the party*.
The Union Democracy has been proscribed as ruthlessly
as the Whigs have been proscribed, and feel, or should
feel, like one “ wounded in the house of his friend,”
whose injury is aggravated by shameless betrayal of
confidence and trust. Tbe President, and his Cabinet,
have had one business since tbe Inauguration —the
disposal of the offices, and one object in their disposal
—the harmony of the Democratic party at every cost,
and at every sacrifice, and this policy has led to the
promotion of those men who were most prominent in
ihc different factious which have jeoparded the unity of
the Democratic party, and destroyed its nationality, by
wild and disorganizing political heresies.
l)o the supporters of tbe Administration dare to deny
this, or dare to defend the policy of the President in his
appiiutmcnts to office? A coalition has existed for
y ears in Massachusetts, between the Free Soil nnd I)etn
; ocratie.parties, with the open and uublushingly avowed
design to secure the public plunder of that State from
the Whigs. General Pierce has denounced it, but upon
the broad arena of national politics plays the same
game, aud w ith tlie same design, cements by office, a
eoalition between the Free Soil und Secession Democra
cy. No one denies the fact; the Washington Union
defeuds it, and the only apology, or explanation, or ex
cuse for this policy, so opposed to the principles of tbe
Baltimore Platform and ofthe Inaugural, is that Presi
dent Pierce designs to buy vj> Secessionists und Free
Soilers with office, and arrest the great Anti-Slavery
movement of the North, by throwing a sop to its lead
ers. The Union Democracy have the paper resolutions
of the Baltimore Convention, and the declarations ol
ihe Inaugural, the Free Soil aud Secession Democrat*
spit upon aud reject both from the secure covert of office’
ami of olficiul position und influence. Ai din the mean
time, slavery agitation gathers strength aud confidence
from the high sanction ofthe Federal Government, and
the great mass of the Free Soil wing of the Democratic
Party, boldly claim the appointment of its leaders to
office, as an endorsement of its principles and policy.—
These leaders may be hushed and quieted by the pap
which is thrust into their mouths; it may even act as
au alterative in certain cases, and convert them into
union-loving and law-abiding men. But it is idle to supj
{iose that the great, general, and embittered public sen
fimcut of the North against slavery nurtured by
association, by education and by religion, can be
changed by the disposal of a few offices. It gath
ers new courage and new strength from this prac
tical endorsement, of the Administration. Its lea
der* may be bribed and bought by affice, but it wil
tind new ones, and present an organization in numbers
aud strength, unaffected by the great compromise victo
ries of iB6O. The Entn ny Post exults over the fact,
that the Union Compromise element, in the Democratic
Party at the North, has been proscibcd by General
Pierce, and that out of all th<foreign ajpoin tni-u It from
ti'te iHaa: States, there art hut two who were not Ant
Compromise men. The Southern Rights Party of Crate
ford county, Georgia, in primary me. ting, exults over
the sum fact, and joins in the yratulation over the over
throw of the Union Dctiwcrae-y, with the rabid Abolition
Evening Post.
The Post endorses the Fire-eating appointments of
General Pierce. Do the Southern Rights men of Geor
gia, approve his Free Soil appointments? We want
light upon this point. We ask our contemporaries of tbe
jib graph, to give us a plain answer toa plain question,
and to let us and the people of Georgia know, whether
they dare to approve of the policy of General Pierce, iu
making the majority of his appointments from the Anti
Compromise wing of the Party, or in makiug any ap.
pointineut from the Free Soil wing of the Party.
The Princess Achille Murat, who very recently ar
rived in Paris from Florida, had a private interview
-with the French Emperior ou the 14th inst. She mai
led the eldest son of King Joachim, July Buth, 1826,
Site has been a widow since his death, in April,
1840.
COMMUNICATED.
A Savings Bank*
The increased number of Mechanics, and day labor,
era, consequent- upon the establishment of the several
Froundries, Work-shops, and Factories in our city, has
suggested to the writer, the propriety of establishing
for their benefit, a Savings Bank. Such an institution
would create, and cherish among the class of citizens,
for whose use it would be designed, a spirit of economy,
and the accumulations which they would beeucouraged
to make, would be a fund upon which they could draw
in case of misfortune, or sickness. The plan of such au
institution, contemplates the payment of interest on
small deposites, the rate of interest being dependent
upon the length of time which the deposite remains.
I do not know an institution, which, properly nan
uged, would do more good in our community, aud I have
thought proper to call public attention to its impor
tance, with the hope that some of our benevolent gen”
tlemen, might be induced to organize one in our city.—
The Legislature of 1833, granted a very liberal aud ex
cellent Charter, without limitation as to time of going
into operation, and although it has been suffered to lie
thus long, it is still not too late to avail ourselves of its
advantages, and it seems to me that the time has arri’
ved to organize the institution.
The active operations of such a Bank would be con
ducted perhaps, by a single individual, with a small
salary under the supervision of trustees or directors. It
would not conflict materially with the operations ofano
Ihcr bank, and might perhaps, be best carried on in con.
nexiou with and by the officers of, oue of our Banks, or
Agencies. HELP.
COMMUNICATED.
Where are We 1
Ms re. Eli'rrt: —Seeing in your last issue, a list Os
the names of the counties composing this Congressional
District, and also seeing some weeks siuce in the South
ern Democrat a list of the names of the counties com
posing the Second Congressional District, and in nei
her of the two lists given, did the name of Taylor
County appear, and as Taylor lies immediately between
the two, it must belong either to tha one or the other>
or be independent. Consequently, we respectfully ask,
where are we ? It will be seen by reference to the act
of the Legislature forming the County of Taylor, that
it is attached to the Third Congressional District And
thus you may place us, and us Whigs, we would sav
that though few, wc will not be without a representa
tion in the Gubcrnational and Congressional Conven.
tions, that are soon to meet. TAYLOR.
Murder by a Negro.
Early on Wednesday morning, the Ist inst., a cal*
was made at thedoor of a Grocery kept by Mr.'Sweeney,
on the road to Marion, about two miles from .this city’
The door was opened by the daughter of Mr. Sweeney’
and a negro man entered, who said he wished to pur
chase a pouud of sugar. She suspected him to be a
runaway, and so informed her father, who requested the
negro to show his pass. This not being done, he took
him by the collar, and his sou Mark Sweeney, came to
his assistance. The negro resisted, and in a scuttle they
all fell to the ground; the negro succeeded in drawing
a knife, with which he inflicted a slight wound on the
elder Sweeney, and stabbed the young man in the abdo
men and also in the arm. The negro then fled to the
river and entered a bateau, but being pressed by some
individuals with dogs who were in pursuit, he swam to
the West hunk, where he was met by Mr. Dian, who
was fishing. Suspecting that something was wrong,
and the negro refusing to give him any information, be
prevented him from landing. After giving him some
blows with a stick, he threw his knife to Mr. D and
was permitted to come on shore. He was taken into
custody, and the case has siuce been examined into,
and he is committed to jail (or trial. Sweeney died in
about five hours after receiving the wounds; he leaves
a wife and child. The negro is named John or Jack,
and belongs to Chas. E. Taylor, of I’ulaski county He
bad been runaway about two weeks, in consequence of
having made a violent ussualt upon the overseer of Mr
Taylor.
Whig Meeting in Lee.
According to previous notice, a portion of the Whig
Party of Lee county, met at the Courthouse in Stark’
ville on Monday, the 30th inst., for the purpose of se
lecting delegates to the Gubernatorial Convention
shortly to assemble in Milledgeville, and to the Con
gressional Convention for the Second Congressional
District.
On motion, the meeting was organized by calling
Wm. Newsom, Esq , to the Chair, and requesting Wm
W. Gii.mouk to act as Secretary.
The object of the meeting having been briefly ex
plained by Maj. Greenlee Butler, on motion, the Chair
appointed a Committee of three, to-wit : Maj. Greenlee
Butler, George W. Short, and Wm. A. Bartlett, to re
port to the meeting, the names of suitable persons to
act as Delegates to said Conventions.
The Committee retired and after a short consultation
returned, nnd through their Chairman suggested the
following delegations:
To the Gubernatorial Convention. —Maj. John H. Pope
Samuel Lindsey, Rev. Jesse M. Davis and Maj. Green’
lee Butler.
To the Congressional Convention. —James Laramore,
Willis A. Hawkins, Esq., Reuben S- Williams and Wm.
W. Gilmore.
On motion, the report was received and adopted, and
the delegates appointed, authorised to fill any vacancy
that happen in their number.
On motion of K. J. Warren, Esq., it was
Resolved, That the Journal and Messenger and Co
lumhus Enquirer be requested to publish the proceed
ings of this meeting.
The meeting then adjourned.
WILLIAM NEWSOM, Chairman.
Vfvt. W. Gilmore, Secretary.
Public Meeting.
At a meeting of a very respectable portion of the
Whigs of Bibb county, held at the Courthouse in the
city of Macon on the Sth inst., Gen. B. 11. Rutherford,
wa* called to the Chair, nnd James T. Nisbkt, request
ed to act as Secretary.
On motion of Judge T. G. Holt, it was
Resolved, That this meeting nominate four delegates
to represent the county of Bibb, in the Gubernatorial
Convention, to be held in Milledgeville on the 2'Jth inst.
In compliance with which the following named
gentlemen were nominated and confirmed by the meet
ing: T. G. Holt, Esq., J. 11. R. Washington, Esq , Win
Lundy nnd James T. Nisbct.
On motion of Thos. P. Stubbs, Esq., it was
Risolved, That this meeting appoint four delegates to
represent the county of Bibb in a Convention of the
Third Congressional District, to be held in Forsyth,
Monroe countv, on the sth day of July next, to nomi
nate a candidate for Congress.
In accordance with which the following gentlemen
were appointed : Gen. B. 11. Rutherford, Lewis Groce,
A. J. White and Roland Bivins.
On motion of Washington Poe, Esq. it was
Resolved, That the Delegates to the Gubernatorial
and District Conventions, be empowered to supply the
places of any who may fail to attend, and to increase
the number of Delegates in either of them, if it is ascer
tained that four members will not be the full represen
tation of the county of Bibb.
After a rote of thanks to the officers, the meeting ad*
journed. 11. 11. RUTHERFORD, ChnTn.
James T. Nisbet, Sec’ry.
Col. Bentov on the Federal Arroi ntments kor
Missoi ri.—Col. Benton, in a late letter to the citizens
of Springfield, Missouri speitkes in the strongest terms
of condemnation of some of President Pierce s appoint
ments for that State. “ The President,” he sav s, “ was
deceived by false representations, to give offices to
scamps whose legs were never seen crossed under a
gentleman’s table—who wore the scum and dregs of
all parties —who were fugitives from routed fields, or
deserter# from pledges given to the people, when they
obtained these appointments.”
Cotton from Cot.t Jturs, Georgia. —The steamer Gut -
don at this port from Savannah, on Sunday last, brought
as part of her cargo S7 bales of Cotton, sent from Col
umbus, Georgia, per Railroad to Savannah, and by the
G r !ou to this city, and was consigned to Messrs. J. ,k.
J D. Kiikpatrick. This is the first arrival of Cotton at
this port from Columbus, it having nlwavs previously
been sent to Apalachicola, and is one of the effect* ol
opening the line of Railroad through Irom Savannah to
Columbus. — G/i'irSt. t*-<mun.
The Niagara Hydraulic Canal.-Tlic Niagara Full
Iris says: “We are happy in being able to sia.e that a
Company has been organized, consisting of gentlemen
of well known wealth aid enterjrse in New York and
Boston, with a capital of fcoOtyiOo—that a board of able
directors has been chosen, and that in their hands this
great work is about to be commenced and vigorously
prosecuted to completion. We have seen the plans and
drawings, and confess wc are struck with the magnifi
cence ot the enterprise.
This canal, for nearly its whole length, (about three
fourths of a mile,) will be a limestone excavatiou. It is
to be 70 feet in width, with perpendicular sides, and to
ensure at all ordinary stages lo feet depth of water
This, when the uuiform permanency of the supply, and
the fall of 2 foot are taken into account, will furnish a
hydraulic power which we venture to say will, iu value,
have no equal in this or iu any other country, especially
when it is borne iu mind that its availability will at all
times be unfailing while Lake Erie endures, aud that
it will be wholly exempt from all ordinary disasters by
floods.
TW The late Railroad Festival at Savannah, was, in
al respects, worthy of the reputation of the “ancient
city of Oglethorpe,” and we regret, that we have been
compelled to deny ourselves the pleasure of laying the
e itire proceeding • ipon that interesting occasion, befoi e
our readers.
A brilliant and enthusiastic reception bv the citizens
and military of the city—a delightful Steamboat Excur
sion down the river, and pleasant visit to Fort Pulaski —
a splendid Ball and Dinner, were the prominent features
of the occasion ; and the citizens of Columbus, and oth
ers who were the guests of the city of Savannah, re
turned to their homes pleased with their visit, and
pleased with the evidences of the prosperity of their
sea-port, which rnet them on every hand.
There were upon the steamboat excursion, to Foit
Pulaski, und at the dinner tnblc on Friday, many speech
es, made by prominent gentlemen from the interior and
fie seaboard ofGeotgia, qnd from other States, suggest
ed by the occasion, and in reply to appropriate toasts,
a'l of them breathing the same spirit of trustful con_
fi ience, in the future of our noble State, and of cordial
and hearty good will to Savannah, as the great projecto 1 ’
and great terminus of the system of Railroads in Geor
gia, and as destined for many years, to be the great out
lit of the immense trade of the interior.
We had hoped to have been enabled to give the reg
ular toasts which were proposed at the dinner table on
Friday, and to string them together upon a slender
thread of commentary upon the remarks of the gentle,
men who responded to them. We were obliged, how
ever, to leave the scene of festivity at a very early hour,
and must content ourselves by giving to our readers,
the following address from Judge Berrien, in receiving
the guests of the city upon their arrival which fitly em
bodies the spirit of the occasion :
Address of Mr. Berrien.
Mr Fuiends —The very pleasant task of greetingyour
advent to our city, has been assigned to me—and with
u vivid recollection of the generous hospitality which
welcomed us on our recent visit to Columbus, and of
that, too, which cheered ns on our return, as we paused
tor a moment at our sister city of Macon, uo one can
more highly appreciate this privilege.
In the name then, and in behalf of the citizens of Sa
vannah, 1 welcome you to this ancient city of Ogle
thorpe —to the home of your c >adju o 3 in the glori
ous enterprise, whose happy consummation we have as
sembled to coni mem orate.
That home is endeared to us, by a thousand recollec
tions. Our fathers dwelled here. They have rested
from their labors—but you see before you, some of the
descendants of the early settlers of this nucleus cf the
colony of Georgia—and yet more of those, whose ances
tors endured the privations incident to a residence here
in the infancy of the State.
You ate standing within bow-shot of the spot, where
one hundred and twenty years siuce, a small and feeble
baud of Britons first landed on these shores, in quest
of a home—where the patriotic Oglethorpe, a soldier,
statesman, and philanthropist, held high converse with
Toinacliici, aud the Micoes, and leading warriors of the
contiguous Indian tribes, seeking the acquisition of ter
ritory by peaceful means, and where, in tracing the
lines of Savannah, he laid the foundations of our noble
State. Above us, at a short distance, a body of Saltz
burgers, driven by religious persecution from their na
tive land, were afterwards posted—and southward, on
the banks of the Altamuha, a baud of gallant highlan
ders, forming the advance guard of the Colony, stood
ready to breast the first shock of Spanish aggression.
Such was the humble origin of the Colony, which in
this our day, bus acquired ttie proud title of “ The Em
pire State of the South,” and intis the birth of our city
was coeval with it. Its scanty inhabitants shared large
ly in the perils of our revolutionary conflict—moiste
ning with their blood the soil which they defended.—
\Ye shall pass presently to the monument erected to the
memory of the illustrious l’olander, who fell gullautly
doisig battle in their cause.
I turn to matters more immediately connected with
the occasion of our assemblage.
With all the advantages of her position, on the banks
of this noble river, which atlbids at once an outlet to
Hie ocean, and communication by steamboat navigation,
*ith various portions of the State, Savannah was tor a
series of years, comparatively isolated. The “ slow
coaches” which you have wisely discarded, aud the still
slower roa-l wagons, afforded to our friends in many
parts of the interior, tbe onlv means of transportation
to Savannah, for themselves or their produce. But the
spirit of the age, impatient of such restraints, at length
roused us to exertion, and you buve now “broken the
last link of the chain which bound us” to them, and
separated you from us. Our fellow-citizens of Colum
bus will now enjoy the fruits of their glorious enterpi ize.
At your hospitable bidding, we journeyed with the sun,
from the shores of the Atlantic to the banks of the gent
ly flowing stream which washes the base of vonr bea
tiful city—and, but for the casualty which delayed your
progress, you would even in shorter time, have spanned
the whole breadth of our noble State, from its Western
to its Eastern border, in coming to us.
This is not the moment to speak in detail of the mag
nificent prospect thus opened to our view. Indeed, mv
friends, the most vivid imagination would be powerless
to delineate it. The broaii Atlantic has now become
your own great bighwuw to the markets of the world.
To us, it has opened a valuable portion of our own State.
To you, und us, it gives access to the rich productions
of our sister States, lying south and west of us. This
great thoroughfare is now complete. Columbus guards
is western, and Savannah its eastern portals, while at
an intermediate position on the line, Macon enjoys the
lull benelit of eastern and western transit. They are
no longer now three cities separated by distance* tedi
ous and painful to overcome, but rather, one great city,
■of which Savannah constitutes the eastern, Macon the
central, and Columbus the western ward
General Bernard, a distinguished Engineer in the
service of the United States, while engaged in recon
noitcring our Allantic bolder, with a view to the estab
lishment of a line defence, many years siuce. expressed
the opinion that Georgia occupied commercially, the
same relative position to the States lying South and
West of us, as did New York to those States whose
produce found its way to a foreign market through her
great seaport. We arc going to prove the accuracy of
that opinion ; but if General Bernard were with us now,
he would look far beyond the limits which then botiti
ded his vision. He would extend his view to that great
Ocean, which now constitutes the western boundary of
the United States, claiming access for us to its exhaost
less treasures —fi r our own and the efforts of our sister
States, will put us in connection with the great Pacific
Railways, whatever may be the poiut of its depar
ture.
Even in this progressive age, it is difficult to realize
the rapidity of our progress. But a few brief years
have flitted by—a small part of that “inexorable” “term,
which we endeavored, in our recent interview at Colum
Ls, to render to newhat more yielding, has passed
away, since I rode in the first rail car, moved bv horse
power, on the Baltimore and Ohio rail road—and yet,
more recently, iu a hand car impelled by negroes,’ on
the first ten miles of the road between Charleston and
Hamburg -and note, the map of our rail roads is almost
co-extensive with that of the Union.
Let us then rejoice, and be thankful. To the living
actors in these noble enterprises—let us render the meed
of praise which is justly their due—let us treasure in
our memories a grateful recollection of those who have
passed away. Above all, let us thankfully acknowledge
our gratitude to that Almighty Being, who has crown
ed our etforts with success, and strong in the assurance
of His protection, let us press onward to the accomplish
ment of the great enterprises which yet await us.
Once more, tnv friends, in behalf of those I have the
honor to represent, 1 bid you welcome, one and all, to
our city, to our homes, aud to our hearts.
Presentation of Cake aud Pitchers.
Yesterday at 12 o’clock, a large number of ladies and
gentlemen assembled at Armory Hall to witness the
representation of the Cake prepared by the ladies of
Savannah tor the ladies of Columbus, and of the Ficth
ersand Cane which had been procured us a present to
Mr. Koockogey. Rout. H. Griffin, Esq., in behalf
of the ladies of this city, presented the Cake, accompa
nying it with some very appropriate remarks, to which
the Hon. Seaborn Jones responded, on the part of the
ladies of Columbus, in terms equally appropriate and
felicitous.
The cake is of a pyramidal from, with a square base,
being richly ornamented and surmounted with a Sylph
or a Cupid, wc could not tell which, from where we
stood. On the several sides wyre appropriate designs.
On one was a factory, emblematical of Columbus; on
ihe secoud,a ship, emblematical of Savannah; on the
third, a rail-road tram ; and on the fourth, clenched
hands surrounded by a wreath.
It is not for us to speak of the tasle displayed in the
preparation of the cake, how eier much we may feel
inclined to do so. We await the judgment of the la
dies ot Columbus, tor whom it is tendered. If it receives
the approbation of those fair critics, then may our la
dies, and we their humble servants, congratulate thent
selves.
This concluded, Hfn-ry M. Law, Esq., on the part
of the “ Koockogeys,” next proceeded to present two
elegant Silver Pitchers to Mr. Samuel Koockogey, the
gentleman who entertained ihe Savannah and Macon
delegations so handsomely at Geneva, on the occasion
of their recent visit io Columbus. The remarks of Mr.
Law were very happy, especially the concluding por
tion of his speech, where he alluded to the declining
y cars of Mr. Koockogey.
In his reply, Mr. Koockogey said he was not able to
talk, but that he felt deeply thankful lor the gift wilh
which his Savannah friends had honored him. lie was
born iu Pennsylvania, and having heard ct ihe land of
flowers, lie determined to come and see for himself;
and he found that the half had not been told. 11c would
always remember with gratitude the kindness which
had prompted the splendid present he had received.
L. 0. Reynolds, Esq., then presented Mr. K. with
uti elegant cane, the gilt of ihe Macon delegation. The
remarks ot Mr. Reynolds were full of wit and humor,
and excited much meiriment. Mr. Koockogey replied
iliat he should ever cherish ihe gift as a precious me
mento of a pleasant occasion, for he should now have
something to lean upon in his old age.
Thus passed off a very pleasant episode in the gene
ral festival. Happiness aud loug lite to Mr. Koocko-
Gby ! —San. R.pahiicun 4f.*, ins’.
The First Fruit of our Union. —The ladies of Sa
vannah were yesterday the recipients of a very delicate
and acceptable present from Mr. Peabody, of Go’un
bus. It was a basket of curious construction, and man
ufactured for the purpose—containing one bushel ami
a hall ol strawberries, of large size and delicious ilavt r.
Besides the strawberries the basket was decorated with
a variety of fresh flowers. The basket and contents
were at Mr. Lincoln’s Drug Store yesterday for inspec
tion, but the ladies supposing that these, like secrets,
would spoil by keeping, freely distributed them while
they were fresh. This may lairly be considered as the
first fruit of our union.— Sac. R.'p.
A Lecture from Gov. Cobb.
Governor Cobb delivered a lecture before the T veeum
in Milledgville on Monday evening last, the fellow n ‘
brief abstract of which is contained in the Fed.
“The Lecture was upon Common School Education
in Georgia. After briefly touching upon the immense
resources of our great State—its past Rnd present pi r>.
pression in every department—its high character abroad
—its ability to accomplish more than has ever vet
sprung from its energies, the Lecturer, though admit
ting the rapid growth of Institutions and Seminaries of
Learning in Georgia, could not refrain from the exurps.
s'on of hi* mortifira'ion and deep regret at the emdi”
tinn of our uneducated 1W This unfortunate tins,
of citizens, he contended, claimed an education from tin
t to, and he recognised its entire justice. In o.d rtv
accomplish this great work, the Lecturer was aware
that a large sum would be required. But he contended
that in three years the required r mount could bo aunt*
■Uv appropriated without incurringanv additional tar
tion. The State Debt liquidated, he would appropiia*.
anmrdlv f 200,000 as an Educational fund, to be used
for this purpose, nnd this clone. He said there would
be men who would oppose this nrprop.riatirn, because
tbev would rather be entirelv relieved from taxation
than see any portion of the funds of the Slate thus ap
plied. 1
“In defending a lineited Taxation, the 1 eefurer lucid
lv portrayed the immense security it afforded to out*
liberties by rendering every citizen vigilant in siin er
intending the nets of their public servants. The present
Tax Law he contended was a good one, a? and amply stiff,
oiont to answer the purposes for which it was intended
The State Road be said would soon bring into the Tret
surv a nett profit of #300,000. Os that sum he would
annually appropriate #IOO,OOO to the State Deaf and
Dumb Asvlum. The other two he would appi-opr-v
towards educating the poor of the State. The pr. ens
poor School System is totally insufficent. The sum al
lowed for the education of each poor person bein°- bu*
about sixty-five cents.
“We cannot do full justice to this able lecture in our
narrow space. Manv strong points we must pass bv
The Lecturer avowed himself an Education man. He
would glory in seeing that day come, when everv child
in the State could read and write. The ignorant man’s
head, he said, was the Demagogue’s plav-groand. If it
was desirable to have good Legislators,’ equal and effi.
cient laws, educate the people: if, in fine, wc would
almlish tippling houses. Gambling rooms, and preserve
intact the purity of the b.il!ot-box, educate the people.
Georgia has done much for him ; he honored her for it.
and would manifest his gratitude bv sowing the seeds
of knowledge early in the youthful mind, ‘that when
the present generation has parsed awav, our children
might safely be entrusted with he- honor and prosperity.
“Upon this subiect we might sav much that lias been
suggested by Ibis lecture, but as it is one that must
soon assume a practical shape before the public, we de
fer our remarks to a future day.”
Highly Interesting from Mexico.
The New Orleans Picayune says: Bv the steamship
Texas we have received files of papers from the citv of
Mexico to the 18th, and front Vera Cruz to the 22J
instant.
The letter from our correspondent presents the prin
cipal facts in regard to 1 lie emeute of the National
Guard in Vera Cruz. The Eco del Comercio, of the
2'2d, says that quiet is restored, and that two baital
lions of troops had arrived from Jalapa. Double
guards were still posted at the gates and at the palace.
When the news of the ail'air leached the city of Mex
ico, Santa Anna despatched immediately 2,000 veteran
troops with 14 pieces of artillery for Vera Cruz. They
had reached Puebla, but as the’ commotion was ended,
it was supposed they would not continue their march!
They would either return to the cat ital or remain in
garrison at Jalapa, Cordova and Orizaba During the
ernuete the National Guard were headed by corporal
and sergeants only. There was no officer'of rank or
head among them.
Santa Anna, who is styled the Protector by some of
his organs, has published the rules which are to guide
the Governors of the States until the publication of the
new constitution. They are to publish and execute all
the orders of the Supreme Government; maintain un
der their own responsibility public order; punish offen
ces against religion or the’State; take care of the ad
ministration of the municipal funds; watch all minor
branches of the Government; do all that is ordered by
the Supreme Government; appoint the prefects of the
departments; suspend at will officers of the Govern
ment nnd ayuutamientos; order domiciliary searches
and tukeall measures which they may deem’necessary.
Legislative authority ofall kind is suspended through
out the Republic, and the officers of Governor and Mil
itary Commandant have been united in one person,—
The revenues of all the States have centralised ;
that is, ordered to be paid into the Supreme Treasury.
The following Governors of States, with command of
the military forces, have been appointed by Santa An
na : Don Francisco Perez, Air Puebla; Don Antonio
Corona, for Vera Cruz ; Don l’edro Valdez, for Sinaloa;
Gen. Anipuuia, for Nuevo Leon; Gen. Well, for Tantn
ulipas, and Don Manuel Escobar, for Tabasco.
Anew Ministry of State has been created, and Don
Manuel Diez de Bonilla named Minister.
Several new decrees have been published, among
them one disarming all private citizens, and prohibit
ing any one holding in his possession arms, powder or
munitions of any kind ; and one bringing the telegraph
under the direction of the Government. The Supreme
orders are not usually published until ihey have beeD
put iti execution.
The style used by Santa Anna at the bead of his de
crees is as follows :
“ Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, Benenierito of the
country, Cenerai of Division, Cavalier of the Great
cross of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of
Carlos 111, and President of the Republic.”
The Governor of Jalasco has pardoned all criminals
condemned to death before the 2#th of April. This
he does in celebration of the assuming power bv Santa
Anna.
Gen. Almonte had recovered his health, and would
soon go to Washington, where he has been appointed
Minister.
The Supreme Government has recinded the contract
for the carrying on the Mint which was made by Gen,
Lombardini.
The Orden savs that during the first twenty-three
days of Santa Anna’s Government, the expense’s have
been #112,000, nnd that during the fifty-four davs of
Gen. Lombardini’s they had amounted to #l,: 00,000.
Gen. Lombardini has been promoted to the rank of
Gen. of Division, as the decree says, “in consequence
ol his gallantry in the late war.”
The Universal (Government organ) savs that there
have been commotions in various towns of the Stale of
Oujaca, in resistance to the payment of contributions.
Senor I.aza, who had acted as a broker, has been ar
rested and accused of high treason, because he had
transactions with the Americans during the late war,
and has continued them since.
Santa Anna has ordered the disinterment of the re
mains of the soldiers who fell during the American war,
and that they be placed in sepulchres worthy of bene
mcrito Mexicans. Those of the fields of Palo Alto aud
Resaca are to be taken to Matamoros ; those of Sacra
mento to Chihuahua; ihose of Angostura (Buena Vis
ta to Saltillo; those of Montery to that town ; those of
Cerro Gordo to Vera Ct ttz ; those of the valley of Mexi
co to the capital; and those ot other places to the near
est town. Ihe names ot Gen. Vasqucz who fell at Uer
ro Gordo, and Geu. Leon who fell at Molino del Rey,
are to be inscribed upon the banners ot the army, and
they at e to he held a.> having been promoted to the rank
of General of Division before death. The battles of
Molino del Rey and Chnrubusco have been declared dis
tinguished actions.
the officers and soldiers who had been mutilated in
the defence of the country, have been presentea to the
General at a public reception, which is called “theleve.i
ol the mutilated. An address was presented in their
name by Gen. Rangel, to which Santa Anna made a
feeling reply. He told them he, too, was mutilated in
defence ct the country, and that he was hut one of ihei".
He afterwards addressed the soldiers individually, a..a
told them that their country should not forget them.
Ihe Mcxicati papers states that Mr. Doyle, the pre
sent British Minister, was to be transferred to Brazil,
anil that he would be succeeded by Gen. O Lesrv
This oflicer fought with Bolivar in the wat of iudepc -
deuce.
Great exertions were making to fill up the artnv. ami
battalions ol horse, foot and artillery have been created
on all sides. The order that the pickets in passing
through the streets ot the city should subdue their mu
sic has been rescinded, and the trumpets are now blown
at their loudest blast. Ihe soldiers wete committing
many disorders in the capital, and several citizens and
even some of the civil police have been killed bv them.
Great teats had been celebrated in Guadalajara on
the occasion ot the installation of the new Government.
At Maza'.lan some trouble and alarm existed on ac
count of the advance ot Col. Groso on that place, de
manding repayment of the sum of #12,000, which he
had disbursed for the troops under his command. A
commissioner had been sent out to meet Groso, hut he
returned to the town with his head broken and his
clothes torn, by whom he did not know, as it had been
done in the night.
Ihe number of papers that have expired under the
now law ot the press is stated at twenti-six.
The Mesiila valley question was still causing much
feeing in Mexico. \\ hen the Supreme Government
first heard ol it, a note was sent bv the Minister of For
eign Attains to Judge Conkliug, informing him of the
facts of the case in order that he might lay them before
his own Government, and suggested that he should
write to Gov. Lane, offering at lie same time to -end
his letter through by express Judge Conk ling accord
ingly wrote to Gov. Lane, telling him of the enormous
responsibility he had assumed, and requesting him to
suspend all action. The Mexican Gorei-nmenv has aj -
proved ihe course of Gov. Trias and sent him reinforce
ments. Don Nicolas I’rieto had ai rived in Mexico from
Chihuahua, in order to place ti e whole affair before -he
Government.
Gcv. Trias has published a long reply to the commis
sioners appointed by the State to look into the attain —
The commissioners claim that the line should be twen
ty-two miles north ot the line agreed upon by Mr. Bart
lett. The Mexican (wipers publish a statement that Gen.
Pierce had appointed anew commissioner, Gen. Cun q
hell, aud had removed Gov. l.uuc inconsequence of this
affair.
The Professional Man —Who dares wear a thread
bate coat until he is out of debt, was in town yesterday.
Avery good looking, but melancholy sort ot man v. as
he, and no wonder. At the book store, Ihe salesman
suggested the advantage of cash payment, or.d taking
the packages homo one’s*self, over trusting it io bung
ling porters who don’t know how to make change pri
pe ily on delivery. The sexton of the church he a ten
ded gave him a back seat, and spoke of ihe poor \ eniila
tion to the upper part of the room. His landlady was
very much crowded with boarders, and could scaicely
timfji place tor him at the table. His lady acquaintan
ces found him so thin and reduced that with uiificultv
they recognized him, nud after his intoduotii u couM
not ieel as familiar as of old. It was surprising how
many of his old companions, who formerly had leisure
enough, had become men of business, and suddenly rt
menibered pressing engagements as he met with theui.
A clerical triend, who knows him thoroughly, s*j.V 8
that he fancies singularity loves to be noticed, and is
evidently proud of his shining raimient He left lo ' vl *
this morning by the early beat. — 3T. T. Times.