Newspaper Page Text
Journal tic JJUsscnger,
JAMES T. NiSBET AND SLUM ROSE,
EDITORS.
by order of the Society. ]
Letter from Dr. Terrell,
To the Ev*ev ire Committee if the Southern Control Ag
ricultural HocUty:
Gentlxmsn :—As my health is so eery bad that it is
not pnsaibl* for u.e to meet vou at the fair, and as 1
fear it is not likely to be auy better, 1 think it my dut)
Vo olfer my resignation as a member of your body.
Gentlemen, • pray you never to give up the earnest
ot your noble enterprise —“Ibe I m pro ve
ins uof Sputbent Agriculture.’ There ate not seven
millions ot people who live, or ever did live, that may
exert uch an influence on the affairs of the world, b\
*ic. till means, as the inhabitant* of the Nmthen.
States. The labor of their work-people, produces an
annual surplus ot one hundred and twenty millions
wo: ft oi exchangeable products; which furnishes the
means of the gicai comuieicial operation of the Uuiteo
li , vour interest, it is your duty, and ought to bt
Vi.ui pnd<-, to take care of such a patrimony as that let.
um bv vour revolutionary ancestors. Then, let the
uiheru people, as one great tauiily, never bait in thi-
C'iiihuoii enterprise, being directed to the Southern
Spates, might seeiu to be of a sectional character, and
intended to disturb the harmony of the Union; such
however, is not the tact, but directly the contrary, it
the Cotton, Rice, and Tobacco-growing States should
so improve their present cultivated lauds, os to increase
their products even ei per cent., will it not be per
c -ived by every body that the resources of the country
v ill be, to that extent, increased, and that the means ot
Commerce, Agriculture, and all the Industrial Arts,
which constitute the wealth of nations, will equally
•have ‘he benelil; and so in proportion as you increase
your surplus exportable products will your wealth and
power increase. St
A political economist who may attempt to give direc
tion to the leading policy of a nation, and who fails to
understand the permanent sources of its wealth, wheth
er agricultural, manuiuciuriug, or commercial, cannot
possibly succeed in giving it its greatest security, ot
the best means to its inhabitants of providing tor their
necessities and comfort*.
That we may understand something of the position
which the United States occupy, iD regard to lie per
manent souices of her wealth, we w ill refer m a gener
al way to the dve leading Rowers of Europe, probably
the most stable, and certatuly the most powerful. In
l ranee the sources ot permanent wealth are wine, silk,
oil, wheat, and oilier grams. England, the productions
of her cotton, linen, wool un iron maDuluctones. Aus
t iJ, chiefly agricultural. Prussia, agricultural. Kus
*>. , all descriptions of agricultural products—wheat
<-1 and ti-;r grains, hemp, flax, Ac In the United States,
b sides hid an Corn and other breadstuff's, we have, as
bth.iv observed, the hundred and twenty millions
w tin of products available for export or exchange;
ad here, let it be remembered once for all, that the
single article of cotton, of which it i- believed that three
millions of bales will be required by the markets of the
world, to be furnished from the United States, cannot
be obtained anywhere else. This single article, and the
business connected with its manufacture, furnish the
means of life to mmy thousands in England and other
pai sos Europe, who would otherwise perish.
i>ut e are ch„iged wiih producing these articles,
cotton, rice and tobacco, of such great value indis
t • • importance to an advancing civilization, by
(lave labor.
a e -mint i’ to be in part true, for notwithstanding
the three millions of slaves, much white labor is ap
propriated to the production of cotton and tobacco.—
nut the great charge of compulsory labor, against the
Institution ot American Slavery, upon which our for
e gu and domestic enemies delight to dwell, we do not
attempt to palliate; but, indeed, boast, that w ith the
desceiid.il) .of a race <>f barbarians, whom the English
t ught ‘w.h ru.n .. .and calico, on the coast of Africa, or
c ip ut; and >) > at itied bauds and brought as slave* to their
( . ti! o:i ui s, or which wire <>b aiued by the same
in a is. u he same c uutrr, aud sold to us by the peo
, !>• ‘em, Boston, Piovidence, New Vo: k and Phila
d 1 Ilia, atte the levuiutvon—we have made good la
b tvrs and good Christians; A mcevih.se ancestors,
f ;■ wruty Uve centni'ies, were la Parians and contribu
t i notii.iig to the promotion oi cililization or Christi
..n . i.iii a a: e to.d that since their tabor is so valua
b a, ve should set them free without lauds, or houses
or mod. and pay them lor their labor; this is all absurd
—itieAfticau man does not voluntarily work steadily
or c<f : “musly at auy thing, nor ever (lid. us is proven
by his pres at barbarous condition and the history of
hi- Cc tor twenty-live centuries. J
ijtit we uie mot voter told that J'roe is cheaper than
r Übo: ;id us itiqiiiie, for a moment, how the case
stands oei a een the tree labor of Europe and slave labor
of the bout item -states, and whether it is not that the
s ive is De-.ei paid lor his labor, than the free laborer
m E op-.-. The price of labor in Europe in the differ
e.K currencies, differs a good deal, but the result is about
U.; same, fiom the daily wages of the laborer, he !
r.i’jsi save enough to buy his clothes—he must have :
s- . siv- b tiding—a place to lodge—and he must !
have hse olives washed and mended, which leaves him
e mg v. and outy enough, to buy him from a pound to
apo nut <0,.l a ha.i of bread it dav, and sometimes a i
m i!i • t ale; this vs all he expect*, and, as.a.rule, all he j
receives. Xtnv die slate must have, at least, half a
. .11l i v.f meat a day,-and a pound and a half of bread,
to nun may be vilded sweet potatoes, peas, turnips’ i
c ’ll. id-and milk :he must nave h:s house, Lis clothes, j
be Id. g, bre-wnod, physician and nurse, incuse of sickL
u -gar, c. : ■. A i'., while sick; he must have a :
=> ‘- I allotment ot land to make sometliiug for himself, i
or instead Ins mas er makes him a gratuity in money 1
a: ! he end of the year, lie would, indeed* be a costly
Isb •r, li the tlm gs he consumes were bought iu mar
ket. but the slaves, besides the staple crop, make their
own b:ead aud meat aud whatever vegetables may be
needed.
1 ie slaveholder has been so constantly misrepresent
'd and •* - abused, that it is believed it may be
u eful to give a minute statement of the general co’udi
tio iol sla-es, thai ignorance may no Linger beau ex
ci tor loi-repiescntation. It often asked, byway
ptoacb, do you mean to perpetuate slavery iu the
U nited i* ate- ? 1 his is a question upon which we can
t .kc no sensible answer, and have nothing to say.—
VI t mean at pit-sent to keep them in a state of servi
tude, and to provide tor their wants. Whenever the
time comas that their labor is not needed, or may be
superseded by other labor, Hk who permitted tbet’r in
troduction among us will provide tor their removal,
aua use the ways and means best suited to His great
pm se. The populations in all Europe are disposed
to heap abuse ou American slavery, and to boast that
they have uo such ihiugas slavery. Let us inquire, lor
a nio't.eoi, if this is true. In passing through the
towns in England you will, in different streets or sta
tions, observe a soldier with musket or bayonet, stand
ing or walking a lew steps to aud fro, day and night;
bow this is only one of bfiy thousand, whose duty it is
*■ obey ordet sa - a slave obeys them, without being al
lowed the least discretion or liberty.
He cannot leave his poat or bat rack, or be absent on
the most urgent occasion, without permission There
are many laborers, mechanics, and manufacturers, who
think they do uot receive a just compensation for their
labor. This man of the bayonet informs them by his
pi - nee that they had belter be quiet and earn their
wng-’s; thi.’ man is not only a slave himself all his life,
to a de.'|Mitic law administered by a despotic officer of
almost unlimited power, bui is willingly employed to
■uppit ‘s evi , acv ot the people that indicates liberty
and freedom ot opinion. Let it be remembered here
that the labor ol every man and woman —ha earns
bread is required to furni.-h the means of Lis subsis
tence an ciothing. Now, u liatever is true m EnglanJ J
of the military surveillance of the people, is especially |
tmein Ei mice, Austria, Prussia aud Russia; we will, !
therefore in joins how many of these defenders of liber- j
tv vnd the peoples right* each of the Five Powers own. ;
VVe wtil se’ don n England at an.OOU Ihr the island; |
.'iv. , )” India and the colonies; Fiance, 50U,L M X’ ; Aus- i
tri:., ‘k>,m; Prussia, lzl.Otnj, and Russia 70<*, 000. !
Added together you thus have a standing army ol j
2.87U.00” waves, who are uot only absolute slaves them- ;
Srlv. s. bu wdlii g to keep others in the same condition,
but it the S. it hern States require any thing toatimu
late th-u> in their great enterprise, iet them look at
S tin. Two or ibiee centuries ago, the most wealthy
and powerful nation in Europe; her agriculture neg
levied, sh has now no surplus to send abrotid, save a
little wire and fruit Lot them look at Turkey. At
.<me time so powerful as to tk eaien the overthrow of
xv stern Europt ; now so poors* to have no resources
fir the defence of her national existence. Her fields
a-e evu.m-eed ui J w orn out by neglect and bad tillage; j
she b-’ no ‘.eng to export bui tigs, some tiuits and oil,
and some o! ihe ligL wines of the islands ol the Gre
et in arc* lpelago. To conclude this most unsatistaclory
ciu . *, ..-t tiii Snuihero people keep before their eves
the fact tha the e are no worn out lands in England,
Frtu ■, Pruss'.a, bclgatm. ilol and, or Switzerland, md
that th se are the strong aud staple nations of Europe.
I am geatlvmeu, most leaped fully, vour triei and aud
(ei vaut, WH. TERRELL.
bpana, Gtt., Ik'Cett her, 1^54.
r O v. ScOti's Or; ‘tox oe thk Wv* —The Washing
ton coriesjaiudent ot the Charleston Mercury save
*• I had iv ■ titl.v the pleasure of hearing the criticism
of G- n rat r>cot; ou the war in the Crimea 1 look upo*
Scort a> o.ie or the grta:est eapraius of the age, and i
bv vr h great interest to his ideas. He s.iva the
Allies co.rnii* ed a great him derin delaying the attack
t p. u S vastojml as long us they did; that immediately
eUr'i ihe rai*i gos the siege of Silistna, thev should
b e attacked Sevastopol, at which tune there was a
c ip;:rati ;v small force in the Crimea; that the al
lies cam i take om ..stupol unless thev receive rein
t cev .* .ts. giving them a superiority of force to the
e n a: of t om thirty t * tifty jiercent; that the Russian
r-g'i iir ta’owrs are the be-: tn ps in the world for de
fence; tin > never ilv, bn* perish unless ordered to re
iieu. lie thi 1 ks the :.l es labv.r under a great disad
▼act ~.e it. having two commanding gcnetals the
tvui to v,; orv is through unity of design. Tim infer
euc. ■. ’ll idi aw from Gen. Scott’s ideas is, that Se
v ,-t ol u ,11 not be taffu; for I doubt whether the
Abtys pan throw such a preponderance of force there
,s- ne.v ftie hi Bi'Ml further said, that the
A not t -einbatk now without immense loss
.it I. ti, ..a.: ... die materia:* of war iu camp, excel t
the wea; tuts in then h n ds.” *
Si:a I < C< r v.—One ol the most respectable
fir ns n. Ltv. rjiool, whose dt alit gs in Sea Island Cotton
ar . ig iu iaigcst, thus wt tea to a correspondent
“Ti. Fr.och Colour of Algiers, iu Africa, is likelr
to oj inp e with the L’tiik*d States in the production
ol u Set Llauds. Two years ago, ten bags were
gr.iwn; ia-it year, oue hundred and fortv, and thisyeai
vis jai-J that two vhou'and b;igs will be produced.
f’i'3 f .t: .!>, b-t‘bcen sent to Havre, end tl*
pr.ee- terized were ftom 2s. Id. (58c. to 4s (fl) per
cotumaiucate tuu to you, thinking it may i
MACON, GEORGIA:
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 24,1855.
sgr* We would invite the attention ot our renders
nfereated in agriculture, to two articles in to-day’s
ssue, which we have published for their especial bene
it—one of ihpm the letter of Dr. Terrell, resigning bis
lost as President of the Executive Committee of the
So. Central Agricultural Society, and the other a com
nunication to the New York Htraid upon the subject
of the Reciprocity Treaty, signed “ A Middle State
Farmer,” which may be found upon the fourth page.
J. P. Holcomb, E>q ,of Newcastle, Del, is, we (uspect,
the writer of ibis communication, and we commend it
to ail as a clear and forcible view of the injuries inflicted
through the Reciprocity Treaty, upon the interests of
tue agriculturists of this country.
13r We are indebted to the Hon. William C. Daw
ton, for * number of valuable public doeunieut#.
Storm and Hurricane.
After a very unusual drought of three or four months,
we were visited, on Sunday the 21st inst., by two heavy
thunder showers accompanied with a severe wind.—
About a mile above Macon, near the upper part ot Yine
cille, a hurricane seems to have commenced, which
prostrated several small buildings belonging to Messrs.
Urewer. Monroe. Napier, and others, and a large num
ber of trees and fences. On the East side of the Oc
mulgee river about three miles from this city, it swept
across the plan tat ion of Geu. D. N. Smith, unrooting
his dwelling and destroying his giu house, and nearly
every other building on the place. Two of bis negroes
received serious injuries. Mr. Burden’s dwelling was
also unroofed, and much injury done to other plants
tious in the vicinity.
{3T“our article under the caption, “ Who shall be our
next Governor,” in oar issue of last week, in which we
ventured to suggest our objections to the re-election of
GhjV Johnson, has worked beautifully, and we are real
ly oDttiuraged to believe that we may, by proper effort,
excite some Democratic enthusiasm in behalf of his Ex
oMlency, stitEcieut, at least, to secure him the nomina
tion of his party, and ourselves the pleasure of aiding
in his defeat.
The Federal Unton, (as a mat-er of course,) and the
Tdeyraph of yesterday, both take up the cudgles in be
half of Governor Johnson, although their comments
upon our article differ widely. The TeUyraph admits
i that Judge Johnson, in the merely ministerial duties of
t his office has made a very good Governor, and that
outside of them he is a partizan, aud as this is all we
charged agaiust him, we have simply to thank our co
temporary for coming so promptly to the rescue and
• endorsing so emphatically every thing we said. The
Federal Union however, pretends to ?ee a great deal of
bitterness in our article, and w ith amusing simplicity,
inquires if any thing has occured to interrupt our ami
cable personal relations with the Governor of the State !
We hasten to assure our contemporaries that nothing
of the kind has occurred, and that the deep concern it
manifests upon this point, is altogether unnecessary.
Aft a m?.u we respect Governor Johnson, and have rais
ed no question of his honesty or his ability in the dis
charge of the duties of his office. ludeed. we have
| said, with more candor than the Federal Union ever
■ was guilty of in the whole course of its existence, that
i in the routine drniee of his office, he has made a very
I good Governor, although we believe there ate a tbou
; sand men in this State, who would have done quite as
| well. VYe have urged against Gov. Johnson, as a pub
i lie man, that he is an inveterate partizau—dogmatic, in
, tollerant and proscriptive, aud we have objected to his
re-election, because it would be an endorsement of the
principles he professes, and of the party be represents.
Can’t we refuse to swallow such a huge bolus of De
mocracy, without having any personal feeling in the
matter. We assure our contemporaries of the Union
that it is not a question of feeling but of taste. It is
true we would like very much to see the Governor
nominated for re-election, and it is true that we would
rejoice in his defeat, as the gratification of a revenge—
of a revenge for our discomfiture aud defeat of 1353.
We confess to all this wickedness. Is the Union, so
angelically mild—so purified of the dross of humanity,
aud so completely freed from its passions, that it ever
; cherishes political ill-will, against political opponents?
13T We find the following paragraph iu the Tils
i yrapk of yesterday:
rio tuky oo.—The Know Nothings having elected one
j Gardner to the Executive chair of Massachusetts: his
first Message was looked for with very considerable iti
j !t>~eet. It was to be a sugar-plum for the South! It
i was to be so rounded, and gilded, and sweetened, that
i the Southern Kuow Nothings could swallow it down
without any wry faces whatsoever—so conservative, so
patriotic, so tender U|H>n the subject of Slavery, that
the South was to be persuaded that the Ethiopian could
change his skin, and that a Massachusetts Governor
could respect the laws ot his country.
Well, the Message has come, and it is not a sugar
plum, after all. This conservative Governor Gardner
has said exactly what we have always predicted.” He
has taken strong ground aoajiut the Nebraska bill, com
plains of the aggregion of ilactry, and thinks that
something ought to be done to give mare efficiency to
the act of hobsm cor/nm, and more protection to the trial
by jury. That is to say, in plain English, he wishes a
fugitive slave to be tried by a jury of Massachusetts
Abolitionists, before he can be delivered to his owner.
So they go! These are the views of a Know Nothing
Governor. So they go!
Our txmtemporary does not give the promiuent and
salient point of the Message of Gov. Gardiner, as we
have seen it reported, which was a /U--laration in favor
■f th* restoration of the Mie* ■uri Qpmpromist lAn*. —
The Southern Rights Party of 1850, of which the 7k>*
graph was an organ, regarded this tine as the great bul
wark of the Mouth, agaiust the aggressions of the North,
valiantly declared their readiness to march w ith their
coffins upon their backs up to this iine, and make on it
the last desperate struggle for the equality of the South
in the Territories of the Union, andjbitterly denounced
those who were willing to see this arbitrary line blotted
out;and the sound principle of non-intervention sub.
stituted in its stead. But now, a Know Nothing Go*
vernor of Massachusetts proposes to restore this line—
to reconstruct this great bulwark of Southern Rights,
and Southern Rights organs denounce the Governor
and his Message! So they go! A Massachusetts
Know Nothing Governor occupies the same position,
which the Southern Rights Party of Georgia . Tcupied
in ISSO, and Southern Rights organs open their bat
teries upon him! f>o they go! We may disapprove
of the Message ot Gov. Gardiner, but are at a loss to un
derstand how the Telouraph can consistently do it. If
it was right in 1850, Gov. Gardiner is right now, and
occupies (whfttever-xnay be his motive for so doing,)
the onlv practicable and safe ground upon which to
content the rights of the South, aud its equulity in the
Union.
The Wilkes H'publiotn in speculating about the
approaching Gubernatorial election iu this State.suggests
the name of the Hon. Garnett Addrewa, of Washington’
as a suitable candidate for the office of Governor of the
State, claiming that he is no partiian, and that ‘‘the
great trust could not be confided to better aud safer
hands.” We take great pleasure iD endorsing every
thing our contemporary has said of Judge Andrews,
and if he is a candidate for Governor under proper aus
pices, we shall most cheerfully support him. Without
designing to disparnge him, oi any other individual
who Las been mentioned in connection with the Guber
natorial nomination *f the opposition to the Adminis
tration, or to forestall public opinion in this matter, we
may as well say that the Hon. Charles Jeukins, of Rich
mond, is our choice againat tbe world, believing as we
do, that he is oue of our purest and ablest public men,
and that defeated once for the office by the steer
strength of party organization, bis claims should be
cousideted ty ths ptoj-l* stronger than- those of many
others, who are otherwise as worthy of promotion.—
This is simply the expression of our individual prefer
ence, by which we do not expect or design to influence
the opinions of any one. Indeed, though we, aud many
other of his devoted friends throughout the State may
davire it, Mr. Jenkins wil’ probably peremptorily rc
fuae to be dragged again into a contest for the Guber
natorial chair.
The Florida legislature adjourned on Saturday
tbe !3 h inst., having been iu session over a month and
a half. Among the bills which were passed immedi
ately belore its adjournment, r.as one abolishing the
Supre-u.e Court of tb*- Stute, uud it was supposed that
the Governor would sign it.
*3T The Democratic members of the Legislature of
Louisianna on Thursday last, nominated the Hon. John
-Slidell for re-election to the scathe uow fills iu the Sen
ate of the United States. Tbe election took place on
Monday, and as the Democracy have a decided majori
ty iu tbe Legislature, and their Caucus nomination was
unanimous, Mr. Slidell was probably returned to the
Senate on that day.
IST A Convention of the Kuow Nothing Party in
New Hum; ahitv, which met r> c ntlv at Concord, norni
uated the Rev. John Moore, a Uuiversalist Minister, as
a oandidate for Governor, and Messrs. Pike, Tappan,
and Cragin, as <andi iat a for Congress. Those sotui
uUons are not wed rvjaivei by th Parly.
Mr. Sonleaud his Successor.
Mr. Soule has resigned his position as Minister
at the Court of Spain, and ere this probably has left
Madrid for the United States, disappointed in every ex
pectation he indulged when he entered that city. His
mission has been a failure —a lamentable and ludicrous
failure—barren in results as far as the country v* con
cerned, and only serving to justify as far as he is con
cerned. the strong and decided expressions of disap
proval which were indulged in, in all quarters when
his appointment was announced. He is now m the
unenviable position of a man, who has irritated and
I incensed the Government to which be was accredited,
without being justified or sustained by the public opin
ion of his OWD country, and who sent abroad to effect
certain great objects of national interest and importance,
has only delayed and embarrassed their accomplish
. ment. made the diplomacy of his country ridiculous
i in the ey es of Europe, and acquired foi hiniseh an un
(enviable notoriety. A failure in his efiorts to settle
! existing difficulties between this Government aud .Spain,
and to negotiate for a sum of money, the peaceful trans
fer of the Island of Cuba to the United States, was in
evitable, and would not have disconcerted Mr. Soule
or disappointed his friends. No one believed that in
these things be would succeed —no one believes, judg
ing by his own acts, that he desired to succeed in any
such negotiations. Identified before his appointment,
with the partv in this country, who have attempted to
wrest the Island of Cuba by force from the Spanish
crown, and on this account, personally obnoxious to the
Government at Madrid, he took occasion after hie ap
pointment, after he had been clothed with the charac
ter of a representative ot a foreign power near this Go
vernment, upon the eve of embarking for Europe, pub
liclv to express his sympathy with the revolutionists ol
Cuba, and with the efforts which were making in this
country to free the Island from the yoke of Spain; and
after his arrival at Madrid, persisted, resolutely and
systematically in doing every thing which could in any
way, strengthen and confirm the unfavorable imprea
•ior.s which his antecedents bad created against him.—
j Mr. Soule is a man of very great intelligence and acute
ness—and giving him credit for theoe things, and or
| dinary sanity, we are constrained to believe that bis
conduct from the outset has been premeditated, and de
; signed to prevent any amicable settlement of the que*-
tions at issue between this country and Spain to in
crease the mutual irritation and distrust which recent
: svents have created, and to lead to an open rupture be
tween them. It is the failure to accomplish this, which
chagrins Mr. Soule and mortifies his friends—it is the
failure in this disreputable attempt to hurry us into an
unnecessary war, which makes bis return from his for
eign embassy, painfully unpleasant to Mr. Houle. The
recent declaration of the Spanish Cortes, that “to sel.
Cuba would be to sell Spanish honor,” is given os the
immediate cause ot the resignation of bis post, be, as it
is said, considering it altogether useless for hun to at
tempt to accomplish any thing in the face of such a dev*
laration. This may serve to cover his retreat from an
■ unpleasant position, but was not the cause of bis resig
nation. Before that formal declaration had been made,
Mr. Soule had been in many ways assured of the bitter
and inveterate hostility of the people and government
of Spain, to the transfer of Cuba to the United States,
and had taken such excellent means to increase the evil
dispositions of people and government towards us, that
there was no opportunity for him even to enter into a
negotiation for its purchase, with the remotest chance
of success. The declaration of the Coriee did not make
the prospect of its peaceful acquisition more desperate
or remote, than it has been during the whole period ot
Mr. Soule's residence at Madrid. It is public opinion
at home, and not the action of the Spanish Cortes,
which has constrained his retirement—public opinion
which condemned his appointment and condemns his
conduct —public opinion which will not justify an un
justifiable war for the acquisition of Cuba, or sustain
the Administration upon the policy of its representa
tive at Madrid. The Cabinet at Washington at the
head of which is a Premier decidedly slow, and in hie
foreign policy, decidedly conservative, has probably
embarrassed Mr. Soule with instruction!! which do not
jump with his inclination, and the implusive aud im
petuous Frenchman will probably take au appeal from
the Cabinet to the people.
Mr. BreckenrijJge. of Kentucky, the successor of Mr.
Soule at Madrid, is the talented and popular represen-
Itative of the Lexington District in the present House of
Representatives—aud tbe young scion of an old stock
in which good blood and talent seem to be iuexhaustL
;ble. He is yet a young man, but his abilities have al.
! ready given him a national reputation, whilst his per
sonal qualities have won for him golden opinions
among political opponents aud politic. 1 friends. Sue*
cess may not attend him at Madrid, a* it has thus tar
in his public career at home, but it will be some grati
fication to know that he will represent the public opin.
ion of Ills country, and pursue its interests, uninfluenced
by the passions or the policy of Cuban Intel ventiouu-U
at home, or Red Republicans abroad.
Southern Centinl Agricultural Society.
The Executive Committee of this Society met in At
lanta on Tuesday the 16th inst., and after arranging a
Premium List for the uext Annual Fair, adjourned to
meet in Augusta on the 6th of March. We give below
that portion of the Premium List relating to Field
Crops, as it will be necessary for those who design to
be exhibitors in this Department, to have refereace to
it in preparing their lands.
The Committee did not come to any definite conclu
sion in relation to tbe place of bolding the next Fair,
and postponed the determination of this question until
their next meeting, although we suppose that it will be
located at Columbus, if that city offers auffioient in
ducements. The permansnt location of ourHtat* Fair
may be agitated in the meeting of the Executive Com
mittee in March, and if so, our city Fathers will doubt
less see to it, that the claims of Macon are properly pre
sented : ,
FIELD CROPS.
1. For the largest crop of Cotton produced up
on two acres of upland with the mode of cul
tivation, the amount and kind of manure
used, the period of planting, the number
of times plowed and hoed, the kind of Oof
ton ; the land to be measured and the Cot
ton weighed in the presence of three dis
interested and reliable witnesses, wife ar
tificate from them, pitcher SSO
2. For the largest crop of Cotton produced upon
two acres of low land, (the same requisition
as upon two acres of upland,) 60
8. For the largest crop of Pea Vine Hay, raised ou
two acres, one bale to be sent as a sample,
with a certificate of quantity made, silver
cup 10
4. For the largest crop of Native Grass Hay, rais
ed on 2 acres, the same as above 10
5. For the largest crop of Foreign Grass Hay, rais
ed on 2 ucies, the same as above 10
0. For the largest crop of Corn grown upon 2 acres
of uplaud; the period of planting, the mode
of cultivation, Kind of corn, times plowed
and hoed, tbe amount and kind of manure
applied ; the land and corn measured in tbe
presence of three disinterested and reliable
witnesses, with their certificates—a silver
pitcher worth 60
7. For the largest crop of Corn grown upon two
acres of ("tr hna, (requisitions as upon up
land Corn, i 50
8. For the largest crop of Wheat: drilled or broad
cast; grown upon two acres of land, uot un
der 6o pounds per bushel; the land and
Wheat to be measured, and uudtr the same
requisition in all thing* as above 25
9. For the largest crop of Unc land Rice, on one
acre 25
10 For the largest crop of Oats, kind, Ac., raised
per acre £0
11. For the larga-t crop of Rye, kind, Ac., raised
per acre 10
12- For the largest crop ot Barley, kind, Ac., rais
ed per acre 10
13. For the largest crop of Sweet Potatoes raised
per acre, one-eignth of an acre to be dug,
and certificates of by disinterested
persons furnished 20
14. For the largest crop of Irish Potatoes raised
per acre 20
15. For the largest crop of Turnips raised p*-r j
acre 10 s
16. For the largest crop oi Ground Peas, or Pin
dars, per acre 10
17. For the largest crop of Field Peas raised per
acre 10
13. Bast box of chew ing Tobacco, Georgia rais
ed 5
19. Best box of Cigars from Georgia taised To
bacco 5
2.i. Best sample ol Georgia raised Hmoking To
bacco 6
21. For the greatest quantity ol Corn produced ou
an acre of land by irrigation, with tbe mode
of cultivation, time of plautiug, irrigation,
Ac., - £5
Exhibitors of ull the above crops must state in writ
ing, in fall, to the Secretary, all the requisitions as laid
down for Corn, Cotton, Ac., as above, when the articles
hire entered u;x>n his books for exhibition; with the
witness’ certificates for the measurement of lauds and
pounds, and buslfols per acre; without which the Jud
ges will be required to withhold their awards, and
| exhibitors not complying with these requisitions will.
; not he allowed to compete for the Premiums of the Hoc*
teiy.
CROPS BY BOYS UNUOR SIXTEKS YKAEB OP AGE.
1- Fot the largest quantity of Indian Corn grown
by auy white boy under 16 vrs. of age, upon
au acre of lund, a patent lever silver Watch $25
The rules in relation to field crops to be complied
with
2. For the largest quantity of Cotton produced by
any white boy under 16 years of rnre upou _ I
an acre of land—patent lever ailver Watch,. $2 •
The rules of field crope to be complied with.
SAMPLES or FIELD CROPS.
1. Tbe best variety of Bread Corn, with two bus
hels as sample ■•*••*
2. Best variety of Corn for 9tock, two bushels as
samples—tested by weight 10
8. Best variety of Wheat, with a bushel of grain
as aample 5
4. For the variety of Sweet Potato, sample ol
two bushels 5
5. For the best variety of Field Peas, sample of
oue bushel o
C. Best variety of Upland Cotton, two stalks as
samples 5
7. Bet variety of Sea Island Cotton, with two
stalks as sample. *
9. Beet bushel of Rice - 5
9. M *• “ Oats 5
10. “ u “ Rve. 5
11. “ “ “ Barley 5
12. “ “ “ Irish Potatoes 6
13. Beet variety of grass seeds adapted to the South
for Hay or Grazing 10
Exhibitors of crops, must give in writipg to the Sec
retary a full account of each crop offered —its adaptation
for profitable cultivation, Ac. Exhibitors of Hay must
give the mode of cultivating, curing, harvesting, Ac.
COTTON BALES.
1. For the best 20 bales of upland C0tt0n....... S2O
а. “ “ “ io *• “ is
8. “ “ 5 “ “ 10
4.“““ 1 “ 5
5. “ “ “ 5 “ “ Sea Island Cotton.... So
б. Beet bale of (400 lbs.) Sea Island or Black Seed
Cotton raised on upland 20
The Cotton must be on the Fair Ground during Ex
hibition, to claim the premium.
Commissioner so tbe World’s Fair.
We find the following paragraph in tks Savannah
Joetrnoi & Courier, of the 16th inst.:
Wm. B. Hodgson, Esq.
We are gratified to announce that his Excellency,
Governor Johnson, baa appointed this eminently public
spirited citizen of Savannah, commissioner from Geor
gia to tbe World’s Fair to be held in Paris in May next.
Os the qualification* of Mr Hodgson for the post, and
of the zeal, fidelity, and enthusiasm with which he will
discharge its duties, nothing need be said to those who
know tbe elements which make up hie character. We
learn that Mr. H. will cheerfully receive and forward at
his expense specimens jf the agricultural and mineral
products of our State. As the time i* short, all who
feel a proper interest m the credit of Georgia should
promptly come forward with such contributions as will
tend to illustrate the greatness, and exhibit tbe resour
ces of our renowned Commonwealth. But we shall
say more on tbia matter. We may add that Mr. Hodg
son proposes not onlv to bear the expense of transpor
tattoo from Savannas to Paris, but the railroad chargee
on all articles sent to this city.
From aa ownfiOTa) Washington Correspond**t.
Washington, Jan. 15, 1355.
Editors —Notwithstanding the inclemency
>f the day, the galleries, both the ladies’ and gentle
men’s, of the House of Representatives, were crowded
to suffocation, this morning, in the hope of hearing Mr.
Stephens of Georgia, who, it was understood, had the
floor, and would apeak in reply to a published speech
of Mr. L. D. Campbell, of Ohio. I have been present
at all the debates of tbe present session, both in the
.Senate and House, and I assure you that the house
which your able representative drew together this
morning was the largest that has assembled during the
present Congress—ia fact it reminded the “ old inhabit
ants” of tbe times when thronging and anxious crowds
poured into the galleries and filled up all the vacant
places, to hear Calhoun, Clay, or Webster.
The audience that sat out Mr. Stephens’ speech were
folly repaid for all their trouble in getting a place to
hear. Mr. 8. mad* a moat brilliant, eloquent and ar
gumentative address, and literally tore Campbell into
a frazzle. Mr. C. sat near Mr. 8., and attempted to
break tbe force of Mr. B.’s reply by frequent interrup
tions, but it was unavailing; and ao complete waa the
triumph of Mr. 8., that Mr. C. found it necessary to
announce that he would continue the controversy by
replying when be could get tbe floor.
Mr. S. showed very clearly that Mr. C. did not un
derstand political economy, by exhibiting the entire
falsity of a table of statistic* which bad been submitted
to the public by Mr. C. in bis printed speech.
Mr. Stephen* also touched upon Cuba, and declared
himself in favor of the repeal of the neutrality law*.
He said be thought the Cubans were oppressed by
Hpaiu, and that they desired to change their govern
ment, and that he saw no objection to their receiving
assistance from our people, after the repeal of the pree
ent neutrality laws. He favored the acquisition, not
from interested motive*, for he believed it would be
more advantageous to the North than the South ; but
he favored it from views of humanity: he wanted to
assist, and raise up, and elevate his own race in that
island, who were now downtrodden and oppressed.
I heard the whole speech, and felt proud of my
State in having so able and gifted a champion of bar
rights and honor on the floor of Congress. After Mr.
5. concluded Mr. Boyce of 80. Carolina got the floor
and spoke against the acquisition of Cuba. The pro
ceedings of tbe morning hour of the Uoue were spiced
with a very abusive and characteristic speech of Mike
Walsh, who pitched into a reporter, Chase by name,
and abused him soundly.
Tbe Pacific Railroad bill of Mr. McDougald comee up
to-morrow, but will not pass. Mr. McD. is an active,
earnest and able supporter of tbe measure; but there
ie too much uncertainty as to route, aud too much fi
nancial trouble iu tbe country, to obtain a large appro
priation. Yours truly, RICHMOND.
Mftcot Female Charitable Assoeiatioa.
Report of the Macon Female Charitable association,
for the year 1854.
In dosing the transactiona of this Association fbtfthe
past year, the Superintendent would slat*, that the fol
lowing funds have been at it* disposal during that
time.
There was ( band left o tts from th* fond* of 185$,
$lO2 89.
During the past year, it has received from members,
individual contribution*, a email amount from tbe
Grand Jury, and contributien from the Methodiat and
Episcopal Churches, $247 00
Making their entire fond for the year 349 40
Expense* during the year 645 45
Leaving on band, unexpended 9 66
The small amount of funds during thrp&tt year, bare
been inadequate to the necessary demands for the vari
ous objects ot Charity, to which our attention has been
called, and it was only with the strident economy that
we have been able partially to relieve the want* of the
hungry, sick and destitute.
B y furnishing means of labour to others, we have en
abled them to sustain themselves with tery little pe
cuniary aid from us. Thirty-six families and individ
ual* have received aid from this Association, during
the past year, and many ot them needing it to a great
er extent than our slender means would allow.
The means at our disposal during the past year have
baen but about half of those of the preceding, while
the demands for our aid have not decreased.
We trust that the public will be satisfied with our
pud exertions, and enable us by tbeir approbation and
by reasonable donations, to prosecute our work.
We ask but little from any one, but we trust that
many will aid us, even if it be to tbe extent of the wid
ow’s mite, if it come from a willing and cheerful heart.
MRS. L. E. ROSE, Sup’t.
Female Charitable Association for 1853.
Officers.
MRS. W. B. PARKER, Supkbinthnd*.nt.
MRS. J. M. BONNEL, Trrascrer.
MISS 8. BOND, Secretary.
Managers.
Baptist Church.
Mra. 8. Rose, Mis. G. Adams, Mra. J. DeLout-hw
Mrs. H. Ball, and Mrs. A. J. Orr.
Methodist Churd.
Mrs. E. Kirtlaud, Mrs. B. Hill, Mi's. C. Smith, Mrs.
C- L. Smith, and Mrs. J. M. Bonoel.
Episcopal Church,
Mrs. W. B. Parker, Mrs. J. L. Jones, Mrs. Cutter,
Mrs. Bradley, and Mrs. H. K. Green,
Presbyterian C'harrh.
Mis. E. A. Nishet, Mrs. E. Ives, Mrs. O. T. Rogers,
Mrs. R. S. Lanier, and Miss S. Bond.
Uinctil!*.
Mrs. J. 11. Oldeishaw, Mrs. T. A. Brewer, Mrs, J. T.
Hardeman, and Mrs. Baber.
Value ol Property in Columbus.
The “Corner Stone,” of the 18th, says:
The City Assessors, Messrs. Meeler, Toby and Gath i
t ie, have appraised the real estate of the city of Coluin t
bus at $2,025,000, against $1,855,000 last year, showing ;
au increase of $140,000 since the Assessment of 1854. j
The same paper also says: ... i
“ Yesterday Judge Worrell sentenced David Wright, i
oonvicted of the Murder of Alexander M. Robinson, to i
be hung on tbe 16tb February next.
Bill, a negro, convicted of the murder of another De
gro, to be hung 16th February.
David Clark, Larceny, five years in the Penitentiary.
John Deaton, Robbery, five years in tbe Penitentia
ry.
Franoea M. Payne, obtaining money under acoHHter*
feit writing, 7 years imprisonment.
James T. Robinson was couvicted of assault w ith in
tent to murder—not sentenced a* motions will be made
J an*at(Judgment aud for * *a* tefoV
THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS.
SECOND SESSION.
IN SENATE.
Fhidat, Jan. 12.
After the reading of the journal, Mr. Toucey an
nounced the death of Hon. Moses Norris, senator from
New Hampshire, and delivered an appropriate eulogy
on his character and public services. He was followed
by Mr. Cass in a feeling tribute of respect; and, the
customary resolutions having ueen adopted, the SeDat#
adjournea to meet on Monday next.
IN THE HOUSE.
A message was received from the Senate announcing
the death of the Hon. Moses Norris, late senator of the
United States from theStateof New Hampshire. Eulo
gies on the public and private character of the deceased
were pronounced by Messrs. Morrison, and Bayly ol
Virginia. The usual resolutions were then adopted,
and the House adjourned to meet on Monday next.
Monday, Jan. 15.
IN SENATE.
The Chair laid before the Senate communications
from the Secretary of War and the Secretary of State;
which were laid on the table and ordered to be printed.
Mr. Weller submitted a resolution directing the Sec
retary of War to inform the Senate what progress has
been made by that department in the defences at the
harbor of San Francisco, California, and what is the
present condition of said works: agreed to.
The Senate considered and passed the joint resolution
in relation to sending relief to the Arctic expedition,
under command of Dr. E. K. Kane, and the bill to
amend an act to establish a land district in the State of
Florida, to be called the district of Tampa.
The House bill making appropriations for the trans
portation of the United States mail by oceun steamers,
and otherwise, during the fiscal year ending the 30th of
June, 1855, was taken upon motion of Mr. Hunter,
und debated at some length bv Messrs. Mason, Weller,
Brown, Toucey, and others; after which, on motion of
Mr. Kusk, the bill was indefinitely postponed.
The bill to amend and modify the judicial system of
the United States was then taken up, and suudry
amendments were adopted; after which the further
consideration of the subject was postponed until to-mor
row.
After considering and passing the joint resolution in
relation to the lithographing, engraving, Ac. of the
maps and charts required by Congress, the Senate went
into executive session, and, after some time, adjourned.
IN THE HOUSE.
The Speaker laid before the House communications
from the Secretary of Stata, the Secretary of War, the
Secretary ot the Interior, and the Secretary of the
Troaaury, containing statements of expenditures made
and estimates of appropriations needed; which were
ordered printed ana appropriately referred.
Three bills were introduced making appropriations
for the improvement of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers,
and Boston harbor, in the State of Massachusetts;
which were severally read the first and second times
and referred to the Committee on Commerce.
Mr. Letcher, from the select committee appointed to
investigate into the conduct of patentees in obtaining a
renewal of their patents, submitted a resolution to sua
bls that committee to compei the attendance of W. B
Chase, who has twice disregarded the summons of the
sergeant-ut-arms, to give in his testimony with regard
to the exteuaion of Col. Colt’s patent; which after be
iap discussed by Messrs. Letcher, Bayly, Stephens, and
Walsh, was postponed until to-morrow. ✓
The House then, as in Committee of the Whole, pro
ceeded to the consideration of the Pacific-railroad bill,
when Mi. Stephens made a speech in defence of the
South, and in reply to the speech made the other day
by Mr. Campbell. Mr. Boyce followed with a speech
against the acquisition of Cuba. The committee then
rose, and the House took a recess until 7 o'clock, p. rn.
During the evening session, the Committee of the
Whole House resumed the consideration of the Pacific
railroad bill, and Mr. Smith, of Alabama, madea know
uothiug speech, advocating the repeal of our naturaliza
tion laws and the exclusion of all foreigners from the
ballot-box. He was followed by Mr. Hamilton, who ad
dressed himself to the subject before the House for con
sideration—the Pacific-railroad hill—and muds s con
stitutional argument against it. Mr. Benton obtained
the floor; and the House adjourned to meet to-morrow
at 11 o’clock, a. ns.
Tuesday, Jan. Id.
IN SENATE.
To-day, amongst the numerous memorials present
ed, was one from the Convention of Old Soldiers lately
assembled in Washington, one from eighty-tbree Indian
veterans, and one from sixteen hundred jcitizens, all is
favor of further bounty on the part of the Government
to the soldiers of the war of 1812.
Several river and harbor bills were made the order
of the day for Wednesday, on motion of Mr. Cass; and
Mr. Weller gave notice of his iutention to move to have
Fridays and Saturdays set apart for the consideration ol
private bills.
The bill to increase the compensation of the Judges
of the Supreme Court and of tne District Courts, also
of the members of Cougress, was the principal topic st
the day. The portion relating to the members of Con
gress was stricken out, on motion of Mr. Dodge, of lo
wa Mr. Johnson, of Arkansas, proposed a salary ol
#2,500 to each member, which, after discussion, was
rejocted. Mr. Adorns then moved to lay the bill on the
table, which was also rejected, aud it was then postponed
till ta day to enable the Benate to hold an Executive
session.
IN THE HOUSE.
The House of Representatives met at eleven o’clock
for the purpose of finishing the discussion of the Pacific
railroad bill. Mr. Heaton made an hour's speech
against the bill, insisting that the work could be ac
complished by private enterprise, without a grant of
money or land from the Government. He believed
that a company could be raised to enter upon the work
with no other grant than the preliminary basis of the
right of way through Utah and Kansas. Mr. B. perfer
red the central route as the only practicable one He
opposed the British route through Canada, as calcula
ted to turn our great rivers into Canada, and also the
Southern route, of the limits of the United
States —a route in which, he said, a wolf cannot get a liv
ing nor a man a drink of water, and where no man ever
went unless under the direst necessity. In the course
of his speech Mr. Benton gave a review of the physical
geography of the country between the States of Missou
ri aud California, for the purpose of showing its adap
tation to settlement and to the construction of a rail
road. These views are similar to those conveyed in his
sjieeches at Baltimore and other cities, aud have alrea
dy been presented to our readers. But there were some
new ana striking passages of general interest and ol‘
muoh force, which we shall hereafter publish, together
with other speeches on tha subject, as soon os our co
lums are relieved from the present pressure u|kid them.
Mr McDougall, of California, replied to Mr. Benton, and
also to Mr. Hamilton. He closed the argument, when
Mr. Dunbar, of Louisiana, o fie red a substitute for tha
bill under consideration. The substituie is the same
as that reported in the Senate by Mr. Gwin, proposing
turee routes. Before coming to any decision tbs com
mittee ruse.
WanxasDAT, Jan. 17.
IN SENATE
On motion by Mr. Bayard, the bill to authorise tha
enlargement of the General Font Office building wu ta
ken up and passed.
Mr. Wade reported a bill for the relief of James Poal;
which was read three times and passed.
Mr. Dawson introduced a bill making an appropria
t ion for the removal of obstructions in the Savannah
river below the city of Savannah, Ua., which was read
twica and made the special order for Wednesday next.
Mr. Weller submitted a resolution setting apart Fri
day of each week during the present sessiou, from and
after the 10th instant, to the consideration of the pri
vate calendar, in preference to any other business:
agreed to.
The bill to increase the compensation of the jtidgea
of the .Supreme Court and members of both houses af
Congress was briefly discussed and laid on the table.
The Senate then resumed the consideration of the bill
to amend aud modify the judicial system of the United
States. Mr. Bell, Mr Chase, and others expressed
their views upon the subject at some length ; and Mr.
Weller then moved that the bill and all the proposed
amendments to it be recommitted to the Committee on
the Judiciary, with instructions to report a bill which
shall relieve'the judges of the Supreme Court from the
performance of all circuit duties. The motion was not
agreed to—yeas 21 nays 25. After refusing to adopt
tha amendment of Mr! Douglas ami refusing to lay the
bill ou the table, the Senate adjourned without disposing
of the subject.
IN THE HOUSE.
The Speaker laid before the House a communication
from the Hon. Kitlus Choate, tendering the resignation
of his office ss one of the Regents of the Smithsonian
Institution.
Mr. Meacheam submitted a resolution to refer the
communication to a select committee of five, whose du
ty shall be to investigate the matter, and inquire whe
ther any further legislation is necessary to carry out the
objects’of the founders of that institution ; which was
agreed to—yeas 93, nays 91.
Bills were introduced for the resurvey of Rockport
harbor and Annisquum harbor ; tor the preservation of
Marblehead harbor and Lynn harbor, iu the State of
Massachusetts; aud a bill for repairing the piers at the
mouth of the Genessee river, in the State of New York;
w hich were referred to the Committee on Commerce.
After the transaction of some other business ol no
great importance, the House resumed the consideration
of Pacific-railroad bill. Various amendments were sub
mitted and discussed, all ol which were voted down by
the friends of the measure. The substituteof Mr Dun
bar was still pending when the committee rose and the
House adjourned.
Daring Robbery of a Citizen of Savannah.
The Charleston Mercury of Tuesday says:
Avery bold and audacious robbery was perpetrated
about seven o’clock yesterday morning, on East Buy,
near the Post Office. An old gentleman belonging to
.Savannah, was accosted by a stranger, w ith the enqui
ry if be had not lost bis pocket book. Upon replying
j m the negative, lie was shown a pocket book, apparent
ly stuffed with notes, and which the fellow said he had
1 picked up from the pavement, and after some persua
-1 sion was iuduced to accept it with a view to adverti.se
for its owner, and to give five dollars by wuy of reward-
Lpou pulling out bis pocket book for this purpose an
accomplice who bad approached unperceiyed, threw his
arms around the old gentleman, pinioning his arms,
while the other grabbed his pocket book, containing
about one hundred dollars, and ran up East Bay. The
gentleman made violent, but ineffectual efforts to follow
him, and was at length released by the other rogue,
who made ott’down East Bay’ aud up Broad street. Tha
affair was noticed by a number of individuals, who, un
fortunately, did not comprehend it in time to arrest the
robbers, who unfortunately made their escape. Our po
lice, however, are in active pursuit, and we nope to be
able in our next toanuounce their capture. For daring
rascality this robberv exceeds auv thing of the kind w
have vsr been WM o etmnieie i this city
ONE WEEK
LATER FROX EUROPE.
ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP CvfAOi.
Halifax, ’a.i’y 17.
The Canada has arrived with Liverpool dates to the
6th instant.
Markets.
Milligan's Circular says, the Cotton Market shows an
improving tendency. Males of the week 36,00 t) bales,
exclusive of 500 to speculators and 3,500 to exporter*.
Fair Orleans is quoted at o}f, Fair Upland 5%, and
Middling Uplands 4% .
Trade at Manchester D unchanged.
The Flour market was quiet ana without change. Ca
nal was selling at 43 ; 0. ; o 47 ; Philadelphia 53 ; Corn
44s 6d to 479.
Provisions were firm.
American 9tocks were firm. Consols 90\.
General Mews.
The negotiations of the five powers at Vienna have
been postponed two weeks, thus affording another
chance for peace.
The Allies now have three hundred guns in position
and ready to open tire upon Sebastopol. After a bom
bardment of 48 hours, they will proceed to storm the
place on the south side They only wait for a favora
ble opportunity to put their plans into operation.
The stand taken dv th diplomatic circles in Madrid,
it is understood, was so chilling as to lead Mr. Soule to
resign his post as Minister. In ail official intercourse
he encountered the most marked though freezing polite
ness. In private life also, the bearing of the leaders of
fashionable society, was such, that both be and his fami
ly were entirely isolated.
Mr. Rogers, an iron merchant in London, has failed
for a large amount.
Affairs of China.
The following are extracts from a letter in a I.ondcc
paner; they seem worthy attention:
During the last tea days some bloody engagements
have taken place at the* north gate of the city. On
some occasions as many as 30,000 combatants have been
in the field. The rebels have been driven from their
entrenchments, and also from the villages they occu
pied, and were, until yesterday, iu the open field; bat
having recruited their forcee, they returned to their old
ground, which they found ia the jpossoasion of Iwi
perialiata, whom they attacked with great fierceneaa
and overthrew ; ao they are now again in a strong po
sition within a mile of the city. It waa discovered on
the 4tb inst., that the chief magistrate, aa old man of
eighty years of age, was in communication with the
rebel cheife, and that he had promised, for the sum of
#50,000, to open the city gates on the morning of the
sth inst., ana permit the rebels to enter. The old mau
was decapitated on the eveuing of hie apprehension.
Well iuformed persons look upon the fall of the city as
certaia, as the treachery lately discovered to prevail
among the highest officials is Mid to be nearly univer
sal in all classes of the people
Sir James Stilling rammed to Hongkong early in
the month; he had been lying at Hakodai, Japan, for
seven weeka, with the whole ateam force #f the Eas*
India and China station ; his excellency is now engaged
in the good work of chastising the piratc-a; 29 sail were
destroyed on the 4th end sth inst. by the Barracoota
and Encounter, which two vessels have, in conjunction
with the Styx and Spartan, sails! for the west coasts,
to root the miscreaute out of their strong holds. A
few days ago, while the American steamer Queen was
crushing, she fell in with and woe attacked by thirteen
Cirates; tha heavy armaments of the junks compelled
er to haul off, and in three hours she renewed the con
test; but the 32 pounders from she junks would soon
have made minceniasl of her, for, while the piratM’ shot
went through her, her own fell short,so she was again,
after the most persevering efforts of Lieutenant Preble,
obliged to abandon the action aud steam off to Macoa,
where she fell in with her Majesty’s ship Encounter,
which vessel immediately weighed and stood away iu
company with£the Queen ; the pirate fleet remained at
anchor, and threw some splended shot at the Eucou -
ter, but her 120 pounders proved too much for them ;
for having received six shells from tha large gun and
a few 68 lb shot, they abandonedjlheir vessel* aud took
t the hills; the junks were burnt.
Correspondence of the New Y ork Herald.
Oar Difficulties in Paraguay.
Washington, Jan. 12,1855.
It is now a matter pretty well settled, that difficulties
of a serious nature are about to occur between Paraguay
and the United States.
So far as we hare read the official documents, it ap
pears that a brother of our Consul at Asaumpcion, while
riding with a lady, was struck by a soldier with the
flat of bis sword. President Lopez was culled upon for
the punishment of the offender, and he received three
huudred blows for his impertinence. Iu the correspon
dence growing out of this as-ault, the Consul made
some allusions to his own services in behalf of Para
guay ; and the Secretary of Lopez replied that those
services amounted to nothing, that the Consul and his
friends were constantly violating the police regulations
of the country, and that the American company of
which Mr. Hopkins was the general agent, owed the
government ajready about 111,000, and nassocomplish
ed nothing but a segar factory.
No furtber information of an official character has yet
reached us; but this we hear, that Mr. Hopkins, in the
further course of the difficulty, had his exequatur re
voked, and also resigned his office. He has since at- ,
tempted to withdraw his resignation—most probably ,
because he found his position strengthened by unexpec- j
led circumstances.
Lopez, it seems, as a finale, ordered the American com- ,
pany’s agents out of the country, attempting, however,
to detaiu Hopkins. The Water Witch, Lieut. Page,
happening to be “ on hand,” interfered, aud taking a
position to destroy Assumpcion if the Americans were
not allowed peaceably to etnbnrk, succeeded in that ar- 1
rangement. She carried her passengers to Corrientoe, j
the capital of the State of the same name, near the Jun- i
tion of the Parana and Paraguay, 750 miles from Buen- j
oa Ayres. There they remained.
Despatches from Mr. Hopkins aud from Lt. Page have ,
recently reached Washington, and a brother of the Con- j
sul has returned home to report the state of affairs to
the company.
What complicates the matter considerably is the fact
that the Brazilian government ia about sending up a
fleet of steamers to Paraguay to settle an old difficulty
about the boundaries of the empire in that quarter, and i
the English are to follow with a vessel or two “of ob
servation.” The newspapers at Rio taka the part of
Mr. Hopkins, who, it is understood, on his way to the
Plate river was consulted by the Emperor as to those
very boundaries. Tha American company will ba large
losers by this sudden ebange in their affairs, and will
undoubtedly invoke the aia of oar goveramsnt in ob
taining damages.
Mr. Hopkins has always been the great eulogist of
LnptM, and waa some yeara ago much in favor with
him.
A great many complaint* about hi* conduct have,
from time to time, reached the department; but as tha
consulship was of no vaiue, little notice was taken of
them. The passengers who went out with him, and
the mechanics and engineers who came back, speak ve
ry decitfolly against him. It may be ncceaaarv to send
a*special agent to Paraguay to Kettle this matter, as two
things are are now demonstrated; that the people of
Paraguay offer no great market for foreign products,
and will not till their social wants ara tnnch greater
than they are now ; and next, that without regular stea
mers upon the Plate no trade can be profitably carried
on by foreign nations.
At she latest dates not a single freight offered for tha
U. S. at Buenos Ayres.
Letter from Kwasws.
We copy from the Cambridge (Md.) Chronicle the fol
lowing extract of a letter from Chief Justice Lecoiupte
of Kansas Territory to a friend in Cambridge where
Judge Lacompte lived before going to Kansas :
MtDsabSiu— * * * Ido not feel justified in
advising at present, persona to come her# unless they
have capital to inveat, or are prepared by their habits,
to put tneir hands to work. These classes of persous
are likely to do well. I have no doubt that many men
will realiie large fortunes by investment of their aieaus,
even in small amounts. lam fully as well satisfied
that for those who can work, this Territory will furnish
immediately upon the opening of Spring a tine field.—
Carpenters, bricklayers, plasterers, Ac., Ac., will com
mand high wages aud find unceasing employment.—
The soil is of the greatest fertility ; the face ot the coun
try is not to be surpassed. Every thing exists here ne
oessarv to society, and the signs indicate that an im
mense flood of emigration will pour out here, as soon aa
the Missouri shall be open after the winter. Whether
liviug will b* at mv reasonable rates for somatime is to
be disclosed by the future. Thus far all my calculation*,
as well as yours and others, have failed, and I have
found it the most expensive aountry in which my lot
has ever been cast.
I find mv position a very pleasant one and anticipate
to enjov it, although I may not find any improvement
of fortune.
The vast confusion of titles arising from the varied
and perplexing conditions upon which the treaties of
tha Government with the Indian Tribes are based may
give rise to very urgent necessity for legal skill, but
that time is not vet.
We have no courts, and shall not have, I fear, for
some months, iu consequence of the absence of one. and
the proble absence of another of my associates. With
out courts I see but little that I can do, and quite as lit
tle that the profession can do. There is the most strik
ing laxity in the preparation of Territorial Bills, the fra
mers of them referring, in order to save themselves
trouble, to some other, und these again toothers, for the
duties of officers, and when iu the search you go back
through all the labyrinths, it is as often as otherwise
found to amount to nothing. I have issued a Habeas
Corpus which I shall hear to-morrow, This is the onlv
distinct power 1 cun see that I possess tinder the Bill,
though w ith the aid of other legislation we may find
enough authority for the initiatory steps, for bringing
culprits to trial. On application for an injunction, I
have felt obliged to refuse. 1 have found all the Terri
torial officers very gentlemanly us well as otherwise ac
complished. Our relation* are in all respects agreeable.
You will have seen that the delegate election hus
gone very largely in favor of the southern interest up
on the slavery question. It is thought here to be pret
ty conclusive oi the result.
Very Respectfully, Ac., 8. D. Lbcomft*.
Cotton Sxrd Masher. — Mr. Thomas Dixon, of
Hancock county, (carrying out the ot I)r. Lee,
if we mistake not, in the Southern Cultivator,) has ap
pended two cy linders to bis gin through which all the
seed passes as it fall* from the lint, ana is cracked so as
to prevent germination. This (a* is clear from chemi
cal as well os practical tests make* it a much more
valuable fertilizer, because much is lost in goiug through
the process of heating. After mashing, we would sug
gest that the seed be kept under shelter in a cool dry
place, and not in too lurke a bulk, or with poles i mi
ning through them to preveut heating. Mr. D. is one
of our best practical farmers and hus shown his good
sense iu taking the load in this matter. —Ventral u<*"-
fima.
Paris Exhibition.
j VW The appointment of State Commririnner, to the
“Exposition V niverselle”—universal exhibition—in p„.
• ris, involves the duly of superintending the rare ->, e ,!;
I mens of Georgia products which citiztns of the Atate
’may be pleased to tran-.iit, tor competition,
j I shall soon he furnished with the regu let ions of ft *
French Communion, prescribing he weight form a<l
S’i; of a rides offered for exhi’.itfo, Th-s- v ‘ V...
j published.
The Is of March being ti e period limited for the ad-
Imission of n’t -!es to ’he Fair, it is quite evident that
I tune is util liffurded for general competition. Individual,
jlv. therefore. I limit myself to a personal or written J-,.
J plica l ion icm such persons as nwv be able promptly to
| furnish samples of the best products of the .-state acri
cultural, mineral or industrial. All are, however free
ten transmission, at the expanse of the exhibition ’
WM. B. HODGSON.
rsr~ The Augusta Chronicle c£- Sentinel of Wedn. -
day savs:
“We were shown, Monday, a very handsome lot of
gold, said to have been taken from a newly discovered
deposite nine, near the line of Warren and Columbia
counties, aud about a mile from Fountain CampGrourid
in Warren countv. The lumps varied in size from four
to five penny weights down to the smallest particles
collected bv the aid of mercury. The deposit (thev
have not yet discovered a vein) is situated on a branch,
and is supposed to cover an area of one mile in length bv
forty to fifty yards in width. Thus far, the average
yield to the hand per day has been from two aud-a-haif
to four and-a-half pennyweights.
“ It is the property of Thomas Seay and J. M. Ellett
who are now engaged in working it.”
The Savannah Republican of Tuesday savs:
“ The schooner Sylvee, Capt. Perry, from ‘Satilla river,
to J. W. Anderson, with rice, cotton and hides, is now
at the quarantine ground, cholera having appeared
mong her crew. The first case was that of the mate
Newcomb, who died on the 4th inst., on the Satilla!
The next two cases occurred after she schooner arrived
Jekvl island, and were the captain and the steward,
®oth of whom have been taken to the hospital. It is
that neither will recover.”
tW” A dispatch from Philadelphia, dated Sundar
says:
“ Tha night watchman on the Farmer’s Bank, Mount
HoUey, New Jersey, was found in the bank this morn
j ing at 6 o’clock, bound and gagged. He savs, on en
tering the building last night at 9 o’clock he was seized,
aied and gagged by four men who had previously en
! verad the bank and that he remained in that situation
all night. It was presumed some money had been sto
i leni but the amount we* uuknown when our informant
! left.
i “The robbers were in the bank from nine in the eve
aing until ihree this morning, but did not succeed in
getting the vault open, nor did they carry any money
away with them.”
The city coanci! of Montgomery have raised the
price for retailing liquors in that citv to five hundred
! dollars It also appointed a committee to procure an
I amendment from the next Legislature to the citv char
ter, empowering the corporation with authority to raise
i the liesnae to #3,000.
Thn Anxsxation Schemes. —A Washington corree
pondant writs:
I am persuaded that we shall bear no more, at this
| session, ot schemes for the acquisition of Cuba.ot a port
iin St. Domingo, and ot the Sandwich Islands. These
are worn out speculations—and are as flat as anv one
of the fancy stocks that lately fell in your stock ex
change, and like them, are dropped from the political
stock list.
Tna Astor House, the great head quarters of New
, York city, is now being greatly improved by introdtie
iing the most modern comforts. It has been re-rented
<for ten vears, at #BO,OOO per year by Coleman A Stet
son, and Mr. Astor expends $3n,000 in introducing tha
improvements, Ac. It is the great resort of the business
men of this country and all oibers, and is conducted
! in the best possible manner by their able and numerous
{Officers and assistants.
Most of the politicians from New Hampshire
now in Washington, seem to be of the impression that
the Governor of their State will confer on the Hon. J.
S. Wells, who came within three or four votes of be
ing elected to it not long since.) the U. S. Senatorial
seat vacated by the death of Mr Norris*. The Legis
lature do not iuc*t until June next.
Col. DhNT.—The Atlanta Intvllwtncer says:—We
regret to leatn ihat the health of out Representative in
Congress from this District, Coi. W. B. W. Dent, is
very poor at present and it is quite doubtful whether
his health will permit him to visit Washington at ull
during the present Session ol Congress.
Gen. Wool and the Slcretauv ot War.—-A volu
minous correspondence, of a pcnWnnJ character. Las
recently taken place between Gen Wool and Sccreia
ry Jefferson Davis. The former complain - that he has
been harshly treated by the administration, in the
withholding Ironi him due credit for specific services,
and that he has been placed in a false position. The
jrtecreiary replies in his usually severe .-e.vle—accuses
I the General of failure to obey his instructions, with
j neglect of official duty, positive errors of judgment,
| inconsistency, and the want of system in the discharge
jof his duties. lie does notfeharge him with falsehood;
and yet aims to show decided discrepancies bet wean ihe
1 General s statement and the Uuih ; aud closes with a
! delicately conveyed but wnmistokeahl intimation that
j Geti. Wool has lost the confidence of the President, and
1 lost it, too, in consequeuce of his own official acts,
i It is said that the cause of this “tempest in a teapot”
; is, that Gen. Wool fancies that President Pierce ia
j jealous of him as a rival candidate for the Presidency.
| This may tie so— and vet. were it known to be the Case,
i the course which the*General has seen fit to pursue,
would not, we imagine, enhance bis prospects for the
gratification of his ambition.
Excess OF Impdrts over Exports. —The New York
Courier publishes a table showing the excessof imj oi ls
•er exports since 1787, on w hich it remarks
| The enormous balance against the United States,
iamounting to over eight hundred millions in sixn-tve
| years, and of over ninety millions in the past hve years
slone, hits been liquidated in part by the negotiation of
•: two hundred millions ot bunds and stocks in Eu
rope-secondly, bv bankruptcies—ithirdly, bv iaige
sums imported from and by foreigners, who have since
. made thair hetuas ia the country, and, in a small part,
by profits on shipments abroad, by freights, Ac. Let
if be remembered that the millions negotiated abroad
in public securities, are only a temporary postponement
ot the day of payment. These immense sums must be
hereafter provided for in specie or in produce.
lu the official summary ot the foreign commerce of
the port ol New k ork for the calendar year of it>s4, we
fiud an aggregate export ol $101,926,429, against im
port* ot slßl ,Ust>,oS3. Thus while the imports have
declined about twelve millions, the expor s have iu
uaaacJ nearly eight millions, lhe favorable change
baa taken place within the past four months, and it we
ahould continue in the same rules Ibr the current year,
our money uaket will assume a satisfactory condition.
The duties lor the year have resulted in au aggregate of
thirty-eight millions against forty-three million* in
185 ft.
Cost of the National Capitol.
A Washington city paper gives the following esti
mate of the cost of the N'atioual Capitol up to the lime
of the commencement of the gtcat extension:
The coat of the Capitol, prior to the burn
ing in August, 1814, was t 758,071 28
Cost from 1814 to 1830, including gradua
ting, improving, and inclosing square. ..1,801,428 98
Expended since, in alterations and improve
ments in the Hall of Representatives, wa
ter wotks improving the grounds, re
coppering the dome, Ac 21
Making the total cost of the Capitol and
f rounds $2,630,450, ©0
he additions making now to ibis building, with the
extension of the grounds, will add some live millions of
dollars to the cost. The accommodations, uow to be
provided, will probably require uo further increase for
i* century to come.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
Dim ©rug Soiree.
A l'arty will be given at my Dancing Saloon on Fra
day evening, the 26th iust. No gentlemen admitted
except scholars and patrons of the school, the room be
ing too small to accommodate more,
R. J. POWELL,
Maine Dai.st,
HoUotcay * Pi/Is. —For the Cure of Sick Headache,
Bile,and weak and Disordered Stomachs.— These won
derful Pills have beeu the means of restoring to health
many persona pronounced incurable by the faculty in
the Union, as well as abroad. They may be taken with
perfect safety, and a certainty of ejecting a cure, bv
persons suffering from general debility, sick headaches,
diseases of the stomach, bile or liver complaiuts, and
those who are predisposed to dropsy, cannot use a more
effectual remedy than Holloway's Pills, for acting as
they do upon the mam spring of life, disease cannot
easily resist their influence. Their effect is mild, yet
speedy, and as a family medicine they ate unequalled.
X-PP INVALIDS recovering from the effects of Fe
ver, Rill ions Diseases, or long continued illness of any
kind, will find Carter’s Spanish Mixture the only reme
dy which will revive their drooping constitutions, ex
pel all bad humors from the blood, excite the liver to a
prompt and healthy action, and by its tonic properties,
restore the patient to life aud vigor.
We can only say TRY IT. A single bottle is worth
all the so-called Sarsaparillas in existence. It contains
no Mercury, Opium, or any other noxious or poisonous
drug, and can be given to the youngest infant a ithout
hesitation.
See the certificates of wonderful cures around the bot
tle. More than five hundred persons in the city of
Richmond, V*., cau testify to it good efleca.
%* See advertisement.
Jan. 8 40-1 m
Checks ou new York can always be
obtained at the MAN UFACTURERS’ BANK ut
Maeoa tuck KV—9s ts