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11\ S. HOSE & CO. , |jr Georgia Journal & Messenger , er ?r) Wie 4n?s*iy morning at |2 AO per annum i? i'’ 1 ‘ -KS ,’. m the rffular charjre will be Uxt Dollai ri ul .*>a HuMl*aW> wgrbs ik L*j*, fur tiir QroiDstr ’ 1 ‘* Vi ft, Ck'iM for *meh subsequent insertion. Ai, 1 ‘ !’ * -j* ‘,tt ms! specified as to time, will be published * u j chariot A liberal disco uni ” ‘ t(l ,,se b> aJrertise by the year. |f s.riess of oristis uses, will be charged at ‘ ji ‘ VV- sr s of i-andiJates for ofli.-e, to be pai<l for al * >iJ I rates- “hen inserted. 4r made with county officers, Drue , . ..oncers, Merchants, ainl others, who may wish to f ‘nuited I - jntrac's ->* ‘‘ ‘ t Ll ,[> si> Nw*>s,by Etecatora, Administrator* tnJ , are required by law to be advertised in a “,' u forty days pre\ lous to the day of sale. oust oe held on the firt Tuesday in the month. . ‘ij u-s of ten in the forenoon and fhree in the at He? Ciurt-house in the county in which the * *rtr is situated. Pauerarr mnt be advertised in like fort .’ days. . ussr .as ssd CaantTOEA of an Estate must he rty 4 ■ J s. . nt appiicatton will he made to the Ordinary for .-!iL nd and Negro**, mast be published weekly for .if - loiters of Administrations, thirty days ; for .., m from A IminUtralton, ui ‘utiily. six iunnths ; for ,q from Ouardiansinp, weekly, forty days . r u F'HW'Liisw# or MiurSiiMi, monthly, four i. ! r establishing lost papers, for the full space of a mihj ; for coin|>eUing titles from executors or ad ,rr*t >rs where a bond has been given by the deceased, , (i: v ll ’* three months. tters ad.lres.se l to S. ROSE A CO. prfowioaal jS iitriiiiPM Tien. t .. ~ tit Ajru Sosisut Cast's will he inserted under .. . -.i,t the followiug rates, via : . furee lines, per annum, 9 A *•** Seven lines, do 10 •") Ten lines, do 12 M Twelve lines, d0.................. ....... 1A nil \ s.lrert.sements of this class will be admitted, unless t ■,r in advance, nor for a leas term than twelve months. .r-.-r nentsof over twelve Hues wdlbccharged r*o aara. ■ rtrtiseiuents not paid for In advance will be charged at •s.rtyal*r rates. KPaGULAH MEETINGS Or MASON'S, KNIGHT TEMPI. ARS, ODD FKL- IsD SONS OF TiaPIS ANi'K, HELP IX THE CITT OP Mar OX. MASONS. -,nd Lodge of Georgta for 1390, October 91st. , r Loire, Nj. 5, first and third Monday nights In each woatfe. ae Chapter, No. 4, second Monday night in each V, sißgtou Council, No. u, fourth Monday night In each . -r’ En . ainpment. Knights Templar, No. 3, Meetings e %trj first Tuesday n ght in each month. ODD FELLOWS. r.ni.i Lo-lge, first Wednesday in June. ri .l Inc impment, Tuesday previous. t , , n Lodge, No. 2, every Thursday evening. Ciited Brothers, No. 5, every Tuesday evening. I, Uli i Eneiuapcwnt, N0.2, Brand tod fourth Mon lay evenings in each month. SONS OP TEMPERANCE. •jrAti Dirislnn, fourth Wydnesday in October, annually. f[p - —a. ~ I- imiikm Uil. W. SiaSMAI, SR. O. o. SPARKS. HARDEMAN & SPARKS, WARE-HOUSE AND Commission Merchants. MACON, a A., \\ r !!.L r.ve prompt attention to the selling and Muring \\ of Cotton, aad to the filling of orders for plantation *: ls. ly supplie*. With many years experience and i tk : t bw eJjrts to serve their friends, they hope to ~■* i eoaUnnanee of the liberal patronage heretofore re. i let to them. Liberal advances made when required. A i/a 15th 1-40. (ly ) J. B. & W. A. BOSS, Wholesale Dry Goods Jobbers, Corner Cherry and Second Sts., Mnoon, Ga. 1. addition to their large and new ‘toe* of Dry Goods, Cl thing, Hats, ami Groceries, are receiving 500 cases : s , fresh from the Manufacturers, to whbhttiey respect *,!iy invite attention of Dealer* and consumers. D. C. HODGKINS &l SON, tiKAUfct ix axD itaxcracTcxEßX or G-UNS, JM.1.19W. If - Du m mob pistols. THOMAS MOHSK. | \F the late firm of Himvutr A Moaaa, having pur * “ f'i-wl the entire bu-uness, will continue the manufar- HiMihle dans, aud best Rifles ami Pistols r-vd a the United States,on an entirely new plan of Mr. OCXS re-stocked and repaired in the beat manner, and on t'V) ,r.ble terms, at short notice. The undersigned being P?* t -al workman, will guarantee all hia work, and in- T -'tihe public to give him a trial, fThe stand is under the Floyd House, opposite Dr. Titiupion’s. june 19-’6<>-y NEW FIRM. I, I*. STRONG & SONS. ‘ IEWIB P. STRONG tvn- J ! r h i <rtcf i! thmki _ the lil>ral patronage m. W-* g ’ -•Tin year*. and re- ’ > announces that he . - with him in . js*jj : .* n<***, hi* two con*. tJ iAR H. STRONG and -A - TSR W. BTK )N<•, anlir the name, firm an.l v.le of L. P. STRONG A SONS, and will continue to *~p on hand and offer, a large and elect a**ortment of Boots §hop and L<*jll**r ° f all kinds, and Finding* for Connlry mannfactorer*. He asks for the new firm, a continuance ot the llh tttl *vor extended to the old. ‘•aeon, January 9,1940. jll-y KBRRISON & LEIDING. IMPORTERS Foreiga and Domestic Dry Hoods, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, Hanoi Strppt-oiip door from King, CHARLESTON, S. C. *pr 80-’#o-ly* DAVID ROSS, BOOK-BINDE R. ■■■ A NP— ACCOUNT BOOK MANUFACTURER. e’* \XIIh I KS to make BLANK BOOKS ___r r • Tor Courts, Counting Houses and Rail /*. 1 to Binds. i-i: i.mi i'4m""AiP%y ‘V' IRK with superior neatness and despatch. MUSIC Bound with ELASTICITY ami ELEGANCE. Law Kooks in the most approved style. HARPERS’ WEEKLY AND MAGAZINE, GRAHAM'S, GODKY’g, and all other Periodicals and Magaxines BOUND in neat and cheap Bindings. Particular attention paid to the re-binding valuable old Books. 3T Orders from a distance will meet with prompt atten t.on. ‘tit Door to W. HT. Parker* C o’a. Macon, September %6, 1860.—y OLOKGE A. STIITII, WHOLESALt MANUFaCTVRHE OP PLAIN AND FANCY CANDIES, Near the New Passenger Depot, MACON, OA. MERCHANTS can be supplied upon as favorable terms, with as good Candy, in peat varieties, as can be had r'“7}: T^ om wishing to purchase are respectfully invited t call and examine specimens. Allordar. promptly filled, with a fresh hrttete, aad warran-J Ttnwttd). m. I H-U I Georgia Junnial anb itlcssoigcr. HOTELS. THE STUBBLEFIELD HOUSE. “ Like the Phcßnix from its Ashes.” TH AT large, new and elegant House, recently erected on the ruins of my old establishment, Mulberry street Macon, Ha., is nos open for the reception ami aocomiuoda tiofi of Boarder* anti transient Guests The tioua* hun been n-wlr furnithed throughout, In the beat manner, and the Proprietor will endeavor to make it a FIRST CLASS HOTEL. Its situation is eligible, a little below the Methodist and opposhe t the Presbyterian Church, and near the Banka and places of business. Connected with the House is a large Liivei*,y and Sale Stable, where Drovers ami other* can find accommodations for their stock The patronage of his old friends and of the traveling pub lic g.neraiiy, i; respectfully solicited. nov 5-ts M. BTrBBI.FNFUI. NEW HOTEL. PLANTERS’ HOUSE* MACON, GEORGIA. ON CHERRY STREET, two th|Uhres from the Rail Road Depot, and in the business part of the city, nov 21-Go-y J. O. GOOD ALE, Proprietor. CLJiTV INI ITE HALL, WACOM, GKOBGIA. THK Proprietor would inform his old friends and pat rons, and the public generally, that he has made large aUditivn* and improrrmrni* to hit House, making it as ever comfortatde and pleasant, and in returning his thanks to oar am <tU, he would solicit a eontiuimm-r of the pat ronage he has heretofore so liberally received. augW- fit)—y B. F. DENSE, Proprietor. Brown’s Hotel, Opposite the P&aaenger House, Macon, 6a. By C. G. BROW \ A SOX. MEAL* ready on the arrival of every Train. The proprietors will spare no pains to make their guvats comfortable. feb 22 48-’fit>~ y TUOUT HOUSE, HV J. I>. 6ILUGKT A CO. Atlanta, Georgia. sep 18 94-ts WASHINGTON HALI. THI9 HOUSE IS STILL OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. SPECIAL arrangement will be made for the accommo dation of the Members to the approaching STATE CON VINTIOS, and the furare Session of the Legislature. The rau* and term I at this House, will conform to those of the other Public ileuses in this city. N. C. BARNETT. M illexifreville. a , Dec. 15th, ISCO. (HISIi\ESS CARDS. Liio rsr works, HACOX, GEORGIA. T. C. N I H HE TANARUS, HA VMt. removed his KUUSDKY AND MACHINE | WORKd to the line of the Kail Kowd near die Macon k We-dern Shoisi. he is now prepared to manufacture all ] kinds of MACHINERY AND CASTINGS, Steam Engines & Boilers, On terms a* favorable as any Establishment either North or South. (intr 18) T. C. SHEET. join smomi.D, joubca aoMtnn teoliolieUl & livo., FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS lIACON, GEORGIA. WE are prepared to Alanufacturt- Xtea iU Engines, CIRCULAR !>AW Ml 1.1.9, MILL and GIN GEAR ING, fit GAR MILLS, BRASS AND IRON CASTINGS, Os every description IKON RAILING and VEK* AXDAIIX. Having the most complete assortment of iron Railing in the State, which for elegance, nettness, du rability and deaign, cannot be surpassed, and are suitable for the fronu of Dwellingi, Cemetery I.Lt, Public Squares, Church Fences and Balconies. Persons desirous of purchasing Railings will do well to give a call, as we are determined to offer as good bargains as any Northern Establishment. I#- Specimens of our Work can be seen at Rose Hill Cemetery, aud at various private residences in this city. ]ss 1-1391. A. M’QUEEN, MACON, GEORGIA. MAM FA(TI REK or Wrought Iron RAILING of every description, and for all purposes, Plain and Ornamental, from the lightest Scroll Iron, up to the heaviest Railing used. Having an endless variety of New and Original Designs, purchaser* cannot fail to he suit • 4. Being entirely of Wrought Iron, their strength cr.nnol he questioned, and for beauty they cannot be surpassed any where. All kinds of Fancy Iron Work made to order. Par ticular attention given to making all kinds of Geometrical Stair Railings. rs Specimens of the work can be seen at the Residences of T. G. Holt, L. F W. Andrews and W. J. Mcklroy, Esqrs. Also at Rose Hill Cemetery. july 18 19-ts _ Corrugated Wrought Iron and Hire Railing* (Secured by iMtn* Patent.) ADMIU ABLY adapted for enclosing Public Grounds, Cemeteries, Balconies, Cottages, Ac. Pheep and Ox Hurdle. Parent Wire, Sacking Bedsteads, with every variety of Folding Iron Bedstead* and Iron Furniture. — Patent Wire Coal Hcreens, Ore, Sand and Gravel Screens, Wire Netting for Musquito, Sheep, Poultry and other pur noses. Wire Summer Houses, Fancy Wire Work in great variety for gardens, Ac. M. WALKER k SONS, Manufacturers, No. 585 Market, N. E. Cor. 6th St., Phila delphia. D>ct **-iy) ZEI LIN * HUNT, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGISTS, MACON, GEORGIA. feb g-’6o y S%e w Carpet Store* JAMES G. BAILIE, direct isrotru o# all sisds <>r CRTp©tin@ 9 Ran, Ffciw Oil Hullu, H mdoi ShtdH, it- Curtain Damasks, Lace and Muslin CURTAINS. &C. No. 234 KINO ST., CHARLESTON, S. C. J. G. BAILIE & BRO.. 206 BROAD BTIUKT, AUGUSTA, (lA. may 2-60-1 y* CURTAIN GOODS, Window Shade* and Paper Hangings. Tlii, is the Largeet Assortment in the Southern States, fff* Bold us accommodating terms, every article war ranted as represented. H. W. KINSMAN, Importer, may *-60-1 jr*J MtKINOST., Cll AKI.RSTON, 8. C. LAMBERTS & HOWELL 210 KING STREET, WEST SIDE, Importer*, Jolibprv and Dealer*. m English, Scotch and Domestic carpetings, bugs, floor oil cloths, j UHN GOODS, MATTINGS, So. I UfAII UtrsN) . C, MACON, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 27, 18(11. PROFESSIONAL CARDS. J. lIH4>IIAH. Jr. ATTORNEY AT LAW, MAI'ON, LA. and vi i ii i: on Cotton Avenue ov> r the Baptist Book ” f Store, room formerly occupied by Dr. (jreen. feh l-ly 8. K. i'OOk, ATTORNEY AT LAW, MACON, OF.OROIA. OK HI K with Speer A Hunter, over Bostick’* Store. Feh. 20, ISI— / LAHAK (ORB, ATTORNEY AT LAW, MiCOft, GEORGIA, OFKK Bm Mulberry street, over the Store of A. M. iilackstiear A Cos., in boardunn’s Washington Hloek. Will practice in Hibh, Crawford, llooly, Houston, Macon, Twiggs, Worth, and Sumter. fth 27-y LAW CARD. MESSRS. COOK, ROBINSON k MONTFORT, Wi I L. practice Law in the counties of Taylor, Macun, Houston, Dooly, Suiuter, Marion, Schley, and in such other counties in the State as their business will authorise. tATinnti: 111 0 lei liorpe. PHILIP COOK, W H ROBINSON, ®un2tVo-tf T. W. MONTFORT. 1. MX. JBO. a. HILL Laiv Partnership. HILL & HILL, (SUCCISSOHS TO TH I ATE FIRM OF STTBBS A HILL.) Will practice in the Macon and adjoining Circuits, and in the Supreme and Federal Courts, the same as heretofore by the late firm of Stubbs A Hill. The undersiged will close up the business of the late firm of Stubbs A Hill, as speedily as possible ; and to this end, all persons indebted to said firm, are requested to make pay ment at as early a day as practicable. B. HILL, Surviving partner of August 24,1859 —28-ts Stubbs A Hill^ LAIVIEB <Y jftJVMSMM, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, MACON, A. PRACTICE in the Counties of the Macon Circuit, and in the Counties of Sumter, Monroe and Jones ; also in the •'ederal Courts at Savannah. [apr 21 ’SB-1 y] CULVEKHOI’SE A ANttLEI. ATTORNEYS AT LAW, KNOXVILLE AND FORT VALLEY, OA. G. P. CULVF.RHOUSE, F A. ANSI.EY, Knoxville, Ga. Fort Valley, Ga. octßl-’CO-ly I*. V WIITTLL ATTORNEY AT LAW, M.<COA r , tifJOUOIA.. ■)FFICE next to CONCERT HALL,over Payne’s Drug Store Jip.l, [IMy.l THOMAS K. CABAAISS, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Forsiytli, G-a. Wll.l, attend promptly to all business entrusted to his care in the Counties of Monroe, Bibb, Ifutts, Crawford, nes, Pike, Spalding and Upson. [may 12 ’sß] PSfItPLSS ACABAIiM, ATTORNEYS at law, FOUMYTII, A. WILL practice law in t*ie counties ol Monroe, Bibb, Up son, Pike, Spalding, Henry and Butts. Mr. CAbanlss will give prompt and constant attention to the coll ’lion and securing of debts and claims 0. PfcKPLfc*, GKO. A*CABANISS. formerly of Athens, Ga. 6 ly. JOEL R. GRIFFIN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, MACON, GEORGIA. WII.I* practice in the Counties of M.ioon and the ad joining Circuit*. Also in the fountie* of the West and South-West Georgia, accessible by Rail Road. fjgr Partirulai personal attention given to collecting. S’W m office with O. A. Lochrane, Damour’s Building, 2d Street. feb 22-’**—4B- ts DAWSON & KIBBKeT Attorneys iinil I'ouiisellors at Lav, Office at Hawkinsviile and Vienna, Ga. MR, K. wilt have the entire collecting, and he and Mr. 0. all litigation. They will practice law and give at tention to any business that may be entrusted to their man agement, in ttie counties of Pulaski, Lowndes, Dooly, Wilcox, Brooks, Houston, Irwin, Echols, Macon, Telfair, Clinch, Worth, Coffee, Ware, Berrien, Appling, Laurens, Pumpter, Pierce, Twiggs, Lee, Miller, Baker, Dougherty. In Supreme Court at Macon, Mllledgeville and davannah, and United States Circuit Court at Havannah, and also all the adjoining counties, on special engagement, caa’a. c. xibbkr. thohus h. dswsoh. apr 11, 4 I9o—y. Ops. TDOHALD A VAX GIESEA, DENTISTS, OOlcc In Washington Block, .llneon, Gn„ ELECTRICITY USED IN EXTRACTING TEETH. MCDONALD’!* Tooth Paste always <sa on hand and for sale. Dentists ran be supplied with the finest style of TEETH, Gold Foil, Gold and Silver Plate and Wire, Lathe Fixtures, Ac., also with any kind of Instruments or Materials on short notice. oet 18 A. C. loORE, n K IST, THOMA-STON, O-A... OFFICE over Dr. Thompson’s Store. My work Is my Reference. (apr T -ts ] t HIS,’ Corner Mulberry Street and Cotton A rem/e, IMCO.I, GEOHUIA, MILM 1H LAW, CLASSICAL MKDICAL. SCHOOL AMI MISCELLWKOtS 15 O OKS, Blank Book*, of all kinds ; Record Books, for County purpo ses, Stationery, Drawing Paper, Roll Paper, Wa ter Colors, Artists 1 Oil Colors, Boxes of Oil and Water Colors. MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, Mathematical and Engineering Book*, Copying Presses and Books. Writing Desk-. Portfolios, Pocket Books, Gam mon Boards, Writing fluids, and Inks of all kinds, Indelible Inks, Faber k I.ubin’s Drawing Pen oils. Steel and Gold Pens, Ac., Ac., together with all the various articles usually found in a 13 O O Iv S T O KE. ALSO, AGENT OF THE Southern Mutual lusurancoCoinp’ny. February 111, 1861. —v Bank Checks. I1 H F.CKS on all Banks of the city, for sale. Ah*, HI lAN KS ! Os every variety, and to correspond with the renral Jaws J the Htate. At the Jonronl Htut J/rswayrr it^fee. SAMUEL W. PEPPER, SUCCBSHOR TO HMTBY I PUPPER * SOH • Watches, Jewelry and Silverware, ISo. It*, (SUafaMrf (opposite the State AhnJ. FlH.4lli.HU. Ms II -l| # FOR THE JOURNAL AND MRSSENORR. A Mlletl Purpose an Element of Suceew. A settled purpose in life —a specific object of pur-Ulit is an essential clement of success in human affairs. Indeed, it is presumption for us to hope for success without it. Those who do succeed without it owe their fortune more to mceident than to any principle of l*h iloxophy. The history of our race in nil ages estab. lislies the correctness of this position. Those who have been successful in life have gener ally been men of one business. They first selected their occupation, and then brought all their resources to bear upon that point, and as a very natural result success generally crowned their efforts. A want of this great balance-wheel of character seems to he a desideratum of this age and country. So much so, that when we compare the present generation with the past, in this respect, we feel to exclaim with the old heathen Philos opher, “ 0 tempora ! 0 mores /” The former are greatly changed, the latter great ly corrupted. Many of our young men start out in life full of hope and ambitious of success, hut having no settled purpose in view—no good to which they wish to direct their efforts, they run at random and thus fail to win. How many of our young men do we see now-a-days spending their p r ecious time and wasting the vigor of their manhood in fruit less experiments, vainly hoping that “ for tune’s wheel,” by some lucky circumstance will turn in their favor. Alas ! how few of them ever realize their fond hopes. But this is a remarkably fast age, and there seems to be a wonderful mania abroad in the laud for keeping up with the age, no matter liow fast it travels, nor where it leads to. “ Voung America ” can't nftortl to follow anything /okj that doesn’t pay Jast. Hence it is an very uncommon thing to find the same man engaged in almost a halt dozen kinds of business in the short space of one year, and others in almost as many kinds at one and the same time. We are often forci bly reminded of the quaint old saying in looking at such characters, “.Jaeic at all trades anil yood at none.” Let, us illustrate this by a principle of science. Natural Philosophy teaches that in order to produce the greatest heat the rays must be converged to a given point, or to the smallest possible space ; for the less space a given number of rays cover, the greater will be the heat produced. It is upon this principle that we account mainly for the difference in the temperature of the seasons, which we denominate Winter and summer. Now to those who have not made thorn selves conversant with philosophical principles it would seem reasonable to sup pose that the sun is much nearer our earth in summer than in winter, and that this is the cause ot the increase of heat during the summer season. Rut such is not the ease. Exactly the reverse is true. It has been long since ascertained by astronomical cal culation, that this tiery orb is about three millions >f miles nearer us in January than in July. The difference in the temperature of these seasons is owing mostly to the sun s attitudein relation to the earth. In winter his attitude is such that his rays fall obliquely upon the earth, and consequently are scat tered ovrr a much larger space than in sum mer, when his position is such as that his rays fall upon the earth in nearly perpendic ular direction. Hence at one time we pant under the burning rays of a summers sun and sigh for shady glens and cooling brooks; and again shiver amid winter’s “ wolfish winds” as they leap forth from the snow-clad mountain summit, or sweep across “the dark and deep blue ocean.” This may teach u? a lesson. Concentration in nature warms and gives life —divergence chills and destroys. So in human action, concentration of our resources will, in most instances, secure success in our undertakings, while a want of it. will defeat, our purposes and blast our hopes. Then let the young man first make a jn dicious selection in the choice of an occupa tion, bend all his energies to that calling, and never abandon it until he has reached the very ultimatum of his resources. When this is the case few will fail of success. W. I*. Pledger. Letter from Bish'op Hopkins. —Bishop TTopkins, of Vermont, has addressed to his people one of the most powerful*letters in behalf of the right of humanity and slavery that these troublesome times have brough 1 forth. In concluding it he says . In conclusion, I would only say that I am perfectly aware how distasteful my senti ments must be, on this very set ious question, to the great majority of my respected follow citizens,.in the region where 3>ivine Provi dence has cast my lot. It would assuredly be far more agreeable if I eouhl conscientious ly conform to the opinion of my friends, to whoso ability, sincerity and ceal, I am ready to give all just commendations. But it would be mere more’ cowardice in me to suppress what. I believe to be truth, for the sake of popularity. It cannot be long before I shall stand at the tribunal of the almighty and unering Judge, who has given us the inspired Scriptv res to be our supreme direc tory in every it icral and religious duty. My gray hairs adu ionisli me that. I may soon be called to give an account, of my stewardship. And I have n o fear of the sentence which he will pronounce upon an honest though hnmblc*effor*u to sustain the authority of Ilis W ord, in jiy itlilliance with the Constitution, the peace * and the public welfare of the country, • From the Country LltntUmon. Haw ihcy I'armi-d In <1 real HrllalnSev. en t’enmrlp** Ago. The soil of Great Britain is capable, ii ordinary seasons, of producing aubsistenci for a population of sixteen millions. Dur ing the period immediately succeeding the Norman invasion, the population to be fed is believed to have beeu less than two mil lions: yet an unfavorable season always oc casioned severe distress. From the time of the advent of the Gonquerer, to the end of the reign of Henry Beauclerk, was about seventy years; and within those years there were in England fifteen famines. Very of ten the old chronicler is constrained to rec ord “a swinkful and sorrowful yeara “very heavy and troublesome year,” occur ring through scarcity, pestilence, murrain, impositions, bad weather and rapine. And the lone desolating reign of Stephen was marked by a lawlessness more injurious to agriculture than untoward seasons. Still, agriculture was highly estimated.— The use of manures was carried to a much greater extent than ever before, and not on ly was the old practice of marling the land continued, hut the more expensive applica tion of chalk was not uncommon. Over flowing rivers were embanked and restrain ed ; great extents of country were inclosed and drained ; orchards were planted; and impassible quagmires were converted into rich meadows and fertile fields. The drain ing of the fens of Linconshire was commenc ed : licenses to exjsirt eorn were not unfre quently granted ; and cargoes of what Henry of Huntingdon calls “most, precious wool,” were annually sent over to Germa ny. . The improvements in agriculture and gar dening were introduced by the monks.— Familiar with the best methods pursued in Normandy, they transplanted the arts with which they were acquainted, as well as the germs they had nurtured, and their intelli gence enabled them to apply their skill on the ample estates wrested from vanquished natives, who were but indifferent, husband men, Not onlv did the inferior orders of this foreign elergy labor in the fields, but august prelates reaped corn, and potent arcli-bishops made hay, whilo all who mo lested them were promptly exoomrnunic-at.- 4’ Tii most, parts of the country they plowed the land once in winter and twice in slim mer, to prepare it for wheat. The value of a wood was determined by the number of hogs it. would support, the mast which fell in the autumn being of more value than the timber. The owners of woodland let, at a fixed sum, the right of turning swine into the forest. There were many vineyards newly planted, although no great quantity of wine was made. Parks of game began to be kept by persons of distinction. The price of wheat at this period (lOfiG to 1199) ranged from two to six shillings the quar ter, and a scale was framed which fixed the weight c’ the farthing loaf of the baker, at each fluctuation. In scarce years the price sometimes rose to a pound. Oats were usu ally four pence the quarter. Jn 1185, liens rated at a half penny each ; sheep at five and a half pence, and hogs a shilling. The price which sympathises with and regulates all other prices, is that of labor. It appears to have ranged, at the period un der consideration, from three farthings to a penny a day, with victuals, not including, however, wheaten bread and beer. The entire yearly earnings of laborers amounted to about four pounds. fn 1212, a pair of Oordovon boots for the king are charged 2s. fid. A sack of wool at the same time bro’t £!) Os. Bd. A few years later, a lot with stone building, in London, sold for two pounds. Although the Normans introduced a more stately and durable style of architecture than had hitherto prevailed, yet the palaces and castles of the most wealthy country gentle men, and indeed, of the nobles, also, boasted no more luxurious carpets than littered straw or rushes; and no more sumptuous beds than rugs spread upon coarse wooden benches, or upon the floor. The possessor of the broadest acres in the realm could not furnish his guest with a fork, at his best banquet. Several large estates were held upon the condition of supplying fresh straw for the royal bed*, anti abundant litter for the apart ments of the palace; while several more were held by the tenure of dressing a repast of diligrout, or a dish of karumpie. The Chancellor (Becket,) was regarded as exces sively extravagant, because in his lavish munificence, he spread his dining-room with clean hay every morning in winter, and with green branches and leaves every morn ing in summer. The farm laborer was content with bread made of rye, oats and barley; and Itotli lie and his employer were compelled to put out all their fires and lights at the ringing of the curfew (or covvre few, that is, cover-fire?) hell, which took place at sunset in summer, and at eight o’clock in winter. Shoeing horses with iron was now first introduced, and the Normans were most ac complished horsemen. Having in a former number presented some account of English agricultural and industrial affairs, under the Saxons, we have now brought our summary down to a pe riod subsequent to the advent of the Nor mans. Our next article will give a bird’s eye view of the condition of things existing a couple of centuries later ; and in a fourth paper wo shall present a comprehensive and concise view of the legal and social positions of the different ranks of the people of whom we have occasion to speak in the course of these essays. Hampden. The Love of Gold.—The treasure of some men is gold, and the love of it grows so strong as to become idolatrous. Such men never rise above the merest drudgery in the world. They eat and drink, hut it is to enahlejt heni successfully to toil on. Morn ing, noon, and night, it is the same drnding slavery and submission to the cravings of a vicious appetite. There is not one noble sentiment or feeling can live in their heart, because the lust of gain fills it so completely as to leave no room for anything else. They can do nothing hut grovel, like an earth worm, eating dust, and easting out then slime, in order to form a pathway which to crawl. It is pitiable and sad to think of, but it is a sight too often seen in this sin stricken world of ours. Doubt is oftentimes Faith trying her little wings in the great air, and fluttering back i to her earthly nest. Cotton in England. The London Times of the 22d ultimo, in mother article deploring the political diffi culties in this country, adverts to them in a •ommercial point of view, and especially as regards an adequate supply of cotton for the Manufacturers of England. On this point t says: “ Not a doubt exists about the resources it our command. Cotton can be grown al most. as commonly as wheat. The best seeds and the best staples are now well understood, ind the proper methods of cleaning and packing can be easily taught. The rest is the work of a year or two. Hinee the publi ntiou of our last remarks on this subject we have received a communication from one of the societies interested in African civiliza tion, informing us that the progress of eot tou cultivation at Abbeokuta, as aetutally recorded, L such as to match the beginnings of even American enterprise. In 1850 that obscure though productive region sent about half a bale of cotton to England In 1855 this medium had been increased about forty fold, and in 1800 it actually amounted to 2,000 bale?.. We are assured that the dis trict could easily grow cotton enough for the consumption of all Lancashire, and we are asked whether the introduction of skilled negroes from the United States would not soon give us anew Charleston on the Afri can coast, ‘i From India the offers are the same. If in 1857 India could send us, as she did, 080,000 bales, it is fair enough to presume that, under the pres a ure and with the encouragement- of a strong demand, she could raise her supplies to 1,000,000 bales— nearly half of our immediate wants. Then, again, there is Australia, actually inquiring for a staple article of produce, and desirous of nothing better than to be set to cotton growing for England. \\ edo not dissem ble the particular difficulty of the case. We have repeatedly observed, and we acknowl edge once more, that America has got the call of the market. It is not that her ad vantage might not be equalled in the end by those of Australia or India; but at present she enjoys all those facilities of organization aud traffic which would have to be created elsewhere. The creation would be perfectly practicable, but it has still to be accomplish ed, and in the mcau time there ia the old tpliioned firm, with its capital, iu connex ions, ami all that makes businesss profitable, yet. uudamaged. Nobody can say, however, that the security will last a month longer, and beside that our national interests call imperatively for new supplies. It is worth reflecting that, if the agriculture of the Slave States should be ruined, there will be a trade of £40,000,000 a year to be picked up bv some other countries.” Thi* Charm of Lil>. There are a thousand things in this world to afflict and sadden —but oh ! how many that are beautiful and good. The world teems with beauty —with objects that glad den the eye and warm the heart. We might be happy if we would. There are ills that cannot escape —the approach of disease and death; of misfortune; the sunderiug of the early ties, and the canker-worm of grief hut the vast majority of evils that beset us might be avoided. The curse of intemper ance, interwoven as it is with all the liga ments of society, is one which never strikes but to destroy. There is not one bright page upon the record of its progress—noth ing to shield it from the heartiest execration of the human race. It should not exist—it must not. Do away with all this—let wars come to an end, and let friendship, charity, love, purity and kindness mark the inter course between man and man. We are too selfish, as if the world was made for us alone. How much happier would we be, were we to labor more earnestly to provide for each other’s good. Clod has blest us with a home that is not dark. There is sunshine every where —in the sky, upon the earth—there would be in moat hearts if we would look around us. The storm dies away, and a bright sun shiues out. Summer drops her tinted curtains upon the earth, which is very beautiful, when autumn breathes her chang ing breath upon it. God reigns in heaven. Murmur not at a being so good, and we can live happier than we do. A Goon a x i) a Poor Cow’. —Few old farmers ever realize the differenee in profit between keeping good and poor stock. The following from Goodale’s “Principles of Breeding/’ we commend to the careful at tention of every one who has thp least idea of becoming a farmer, or of keeping even a cow. It should make an impression never to be forgotten : “Let ns reckon a little.— Suppose a man wishes to buy a cow. Two are offered him, both four years old, and which might probably be serviceable for ten years to come. With the same fond and attendance the first, will yield for ten months in the year an average of five quarts per day —and the other for the same term will yield seven quarts, and of equal quality. What is the comparative value of each ? The dif ference in yield is six hundred quarts per annum. For the purpose of this calcula tion we will suppose it worth three cents per quart—amounting to eighteen dollars.— Is not the second cow, while she holds out to give it, as good as the first, and three hundred dollars at interest besides ? If the first just pays for her food and attendance, the second, yielding two-lifths more, pays forty per cent, profit annually; and yet. how many farmers having two such eows for sale would make more than ten, or twenty, or at most thirty dollars differenee in the price ‘ The profit from one is eighteen doiiurs a year—in ten years one hundred and eighty dollars, besides the annual accumulations of interest —the profit ot the other is noth ing. If the seller has need to keep one, would he not be wiser to give away the first than to part with the second for a hun dred dollars f Good Farmer. —“Sambo, is vour master a good fanner?” “ O yes, fuss rate farmer —he make two crops in one year.’’ “How is that, Sambo?” “ Why, he sell all his hay in de fall, and make money once ; den in de spriug he sell de hides of de cattle dat die for want of de hay, and make money twice.” A man’s want of conversation generally arises from his supposing that his mind is like Fortunatus’ purse, and will always furnish him without putting anything into it. llnjuriks.— Christianity commands us to pass by injuries; policy,.to let them pass by us.— Jrrm nA.tin. VOLUME XXXIX—NO. !. . lieu. AND C-ILMER.—The IUI - upon full and sufficient au ,ua kes the following statement: and \rt that Ir -. Bell, °f Tennessee, seats in Mr TT’ State, were offered n 8 Cabinet Mr. Bell replied that under the circumstances ho could not accept unless the incoming Presi dent would furnish him with a written pro gramme of his policy; that if this should be [done, and he thereby assured that no move- I ment would bo made by the President and his Cabinet inimical to his section, and he should be also thus assured that he would lie able to act harmoniously with the admin istration, he would accept a place in the cabinet. A special programme was not fur nished, but ho was refei red to the Inaugu ral as embodying the views of the President . Mr. Gilmer, we learn, made the same reply; but in both cases, the position referred to were at first declined, and the terms as above given were not required until they wore pressed a second time to occupy seats in the cabinet.” The Richmond Whig adds: e have good reason ourselves for be lieving that the South could have obtained three or four ot the cabinet appointments, if gentlemen had been willing, under the cir cumstances, to accept them.” Their refusal is highly honorable to Southern Whigs. Hades Coming.— The sudden appearance of oil in such immense quantifies in regions where it could not have existed hut a short time, has given rise to a very alarming theo ry, alarming to some people, as to its cause. The latest and most feasible is, that the in ternal fires of the earth known to exist are making their way to the surface, where, in accordance with the prophecy, “the elements are to melt, with fervent heart.” The calor ie from these subterranean fires has just reached the coal strata, and the oil which forms the igneous portion of that carbonatie compound is driven from if, and forced by superincumbent pressure to occupy fissures and the softer formations of the earth be low, until relieved by apertures from the surface. Those living in the coal regions and nparu?t Ifade?, of course, find oil first. —Richmond Tl7< ig. NinHT and Rest.—lt is night, and here is home. Gathered under the quiet roof, elders and children lie alike at rest. In the midst of a great peace and calm the stars look out from the heavens. The silence is peopled with the past ; sorrowful remorses for sins and shortcomings memories of passionate joys and griefs rise out of their grave, both now alike calm and sad. The town and thf fair landscape sleep under the starlight, wreathed in the autumn mists Twinkling among the houses a light keeps watch here and there, in what may be a sick chamber or two. The clock tolls sweetly in the silent air. Here night and rest. An awful sense of thanks mak. s the heart swell, and the head bow, as I pass to my room, through the sleeping Louse, and feel as though a hushed blessing were upon it Keeping thf Sabbath.— God it revered by the services which multitudes pay him, and delight to pay him on the sabbath, as they take an offering and come into his courts We look upon these Sabbath gathering over all the land, as the evidence of a deep-seated, far reaching piety, which clings to the arm of God as the nation's only fortress and refuge. They are the exponents of a devotion al sentiment which the world cannot smoth er or repress. They are a hopeful sign of present and future, springing from the liber al hand of a Father who loves to pour bene factions down in answer to the adoration of beseeching souls. And so long as the Sab bath is observed in its integrity, we will not tremble for the safety of the ark either of our religious or civil liberties. The Dandt and the Statesman— John Randolph, the celebrated orator and states man, was in a tavern lying on a sofa in the parlor waiting for the stage to come to the door. A dandified chap stepped into the room with a whip in his hand, just come from a drive and, standing before the mirror, arranged his hair and collar, quite uncon- I scious of the presence of the gentleman on *he sofa. After attitudinizing a while, he turned to go out, when Mr Randolph asked him: —“Has the stage come?” “Stage, sir, sta^re!” said the iqp, “I’ve nothing to do with it sir.” “Oh ! I beg your pardon,” said Randolph, quietly, thought you were the driver.” The types are the men-of-arms of the world’s later and greatest generals, and when they receive the leader’s command, their columns make the world’s heart tremble with enthusiasm and beat time to their marches. I have known a good old man, who when he heard of any one that had committed some notorious offence, was wont to say with in himself, “ He fell to-day, so T may to morrow —Bern a rd. The grave is indeed hallowed, when the grass ot the church-yard can cover all mem ory save that of love. Tnt United States Navy. —The Navai Register i'or 1861, just published, gives the following list of naval vessels r 10 liow-of-battle ship®, 10 sailing ngates, 21 sailing sloops of-war, sailing brigs, 1 ichooner, and 6 storeships ; total, 61 sailing ve ioU: and |7 firsi-ck*9 steam propelieros, 6 secood lass ditto) 2 second class (old and warn) ditto, 12 iteam gunboats, 2 screw tenders, 4 first-class side vbeel steamers, 1 second-class ditto, 8 third class iitto, 1 side-wheel steam tender, and 2 steam ttoreships. Total, 42 steamers, 99 ships in all. About 2o of them are serviceable men of-war of nodern stamp. Reception or Mrs. Davis.— Numbers of our eiti /.ens, consisting of both ladies and gentleman, called at the Exchange yesterday to pay their res jectsto the accomplished wife of President Davis. >be exhibits, to a remarkable degree, that biaud iessof manner which form the eoief corner etona if the social fabric and has won upon the afleo ions of all who did themselves the pleasure Ot >aying a visit. —Montgomery Adeer^ier. Ten States have “members to the test U. S. Congress and in cosequence no extra I 9 " 508 “diHii?cJinSTSiV Kentucky* Kan ‘7 MamUnd, New Hampshire North Carolina, dhode Island, Tennessee and Virginia. Alteration or the Oath op Tax Pate*S.— vVe have been requested to call the attention .f Tax Payers to the oath that they will have to ,ake, that they may prepare themselves belore ma king their returns to the Receiver* ot Tax Returns. Heretofore, Tax payer* generally have neglected 0 designate their wild or unimproved lands prop >rlv on the Tax books, by failing to give then, m >y numbers aud districts. The las _“ imended the oath of the Tax payer by ‘ C him to swear that he has “f c*n t* *V ****** *<* district.”