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b Y J. W. BURKE & CO. GEORGIA JOURNAL & MESSENGER BURKE dt CO., Proprietors, j t ' «■ .BEKXE. - - KdUor. fK CE NO. 60 SECOND STREET, MACON, OA. RATE* ok SI BM’KIPTIOJI. n *r Aunnm flO 00 Month. 5 00 .. Three Months 1 50 *'** * Vi* Mouths 1 50 CHIVIMEN HI USB OK HMMM. ~n j e r this caption the New York Jour ,,f Commerce makes some remarks D bicb seem to us eminently sensible, , Rowing a very correct appreciation (i the labor qtiestion as it afleets tlie South. „, e b»ve heretofore had something to say coirself on the subject, but thescopeof our rations only included the proposed substitution w> for as i> ou - Me labor was con cerned. So long as the negio can be in* duced to work, and the supply is anything l iH et| i.*l to tlie demand, we are very sure . w i!l l>e to the interest of the South, Unit j. iahor should have the preference. It skilled already, it suits the climate, the 80 j| the modes of cultivation, the habits and prejudices of the land owners, and in every respect where it can tie used ad van tmreously. is much better than any other. If the negroes worked, now, as they did in the days of slavery, we would uot—and we think this is the universal sentiment of (he South— exchange them as laborers for |t) y other class under the sun—even though their wages were double of those of their competitors. But they do not and will never work that tiy, again. They have been bitten by the owpent of “freedom,” and the poison h rapidly and surely doing its work. They have withdrawn nearly all their women from the fields, ami themselves are fast decreasing, uot only as pro ducers, but in actual uumbers. In live years it will be next to impossible for half the planters in Georgia, in our opinion, to get hands to work even the acreage now in cultivation. Shall the country then lapse into a wilderness? It surely will if there is not fouud another source of supply. It is idle to suppose that any amount of immigration, come from what source it may—the North, Ger many, or Ireland—will till these depleted ranks. These people will not, and would not if they could, raise cotton, sugar, and rice, under the control and direction of the Southern planter. They may, and possi bly will, after awhile, come down here and go into the cultivation of these staples on their own account, and upon land of their own purchase, but never as hired laborers, ami upon terms the negroes readily accept. We even doubt, most capitally, whether the count ries that raise these staples will ever be beuefltted to auy considerable extent by the small farm system. They will do very well in the more temperate portionsnf the South, but on the coast and lowlands, if the earth yields any iucrease, it must be under conditions as nearly alike the old system of large plantations and huge gangs of laborers under one bead, as possible. We do uot believe any other system will ever pay there. But we did uot intend to say this much upon the subject. Our object was merely to call attention to some ficts, as stated by the Journal of Commerce, with reference to the substitution of Chinese for negro labor, aud the fate of an unsuccessful ef fort made in Louisiana for that purpose. It failed, ’tis true, hut success is sure in time. We in Georgia, and especially the planters of South western Georgia, must, before many more crops are made, begiu to seriously consider tho question. Nays the Journal of Commerce: In Louisiana, as noon as it became known that 10,000 Chinamen, working on the Pacific Kail rood, would be discharged some time in May or June, an enterpris ing cotton planter conceived the idea of imp King the whole army of them to that State. His plan was this: The levees of the Htate want repairing. An estimate show ed that 10,000,000 cubic yards of earth would put them iu perfect condition. lie proposed to undertake the work on a con tract from the skate to pay fifty cents per cubic yard in Btato bonds bearing 8 per cent, interest, for a term of years; said bonds to lie taken at par. W.tli money rais'd on these bonds lie calculated to transfer the Chinamen from the Pacific Railroad to Louisiana, build the levees with them iu the winter, making money by that operation, and in summer put them into the cotton ami cane lields, where they would be acclimated, aud at ] ess than it now costs to hire negroes, would work more faithfully aiul much more intelligently than the negroes do. A hold scheme, but believed t • be feasi ble! Could it have been carried out the question of cheap labor at the South might have been solved at a dash ; and it would only have been necessary to make arrange ments with the Pacific Railroad aud China Steamship Companies, und import innu merable others of the same class directly from Hong Kong. Governor Warmotii and the Hoard of Public Works favored the proposal, and it passed through one branch of the Legislature, but was killed in the other for want of time. We should add, that iu the bill the importation of Chinamen was not mentioned or hinted at. The measure there appeared to be only the ordinary one of rebuilding the levees by the issue of State bonds. Though the original scheme of importa tion failed, something in the same line will probably be done by the State. The sum of $'20,000 was voted by the Legisla ture Iu aid of the new Bureau of Immi gration, and Dr. Noyes, the Super.uten deut, will, if proper terms can be made, import a company of the Pacific Railroad Chinese to Louisiana and try their ca pacity for growing sugar and cottou. Little doubt is expressed that the experi ment will be highly successful. Agricul ture is the favorite pursuit of the Chinese. Asa class, according to the testimony of ali observers, the Chinese who come to this country are, when outside the tempt ations of cities, industrious, frugal, vir tuous and honest. They require small wages, and save money at that. Their food is principally rice, which they can raise to any extent in Louisiana. The climate of that State will suit them ex actly. The Louisiana plauters have such faith in tiie Chinese, after the highly sat isfactory experience of the Pacific Rail road contractors, that they have raised money additional to that voted by the Htate, and placed it at the disposal of Dr. Noyes. If a sufficient amount of sueh labor can be had, even at the high price of $1 a day, (aud contracts might be made with the Chinamen on conditions much more favorable,) cotton and sugar planta tions now lying waste might be made sources of enormous profit to the owuers. The future prosperity of Louisiana aud of other Southern States may be said to hiuge on the cheap labor question—aud that labor, so far as we can now see, must he sought iu Asia! As to the consequences of importing Chinese to this country by thousands or hundreds of thousands, that is a matter that may safely be turned over to the fu ture. Our concern is not with the remote unknown but the actual present. Our in terest— our “mission,” if any body pre fers so to call it—is to import the cheapest possible civilized labor that the broad face (, t the earth can furnish, aud put it at work wherever it can work. For the wheat and corn lands of the West, the uermaus; for the railroads, cauals aud public works, the Irish; and for the cot mu aud cane bottoms of the South, the LUinese. The last importation is the 081 ur K 6 ut of all; for the negro race, uns Henrgia Journal ail Messtiget, der the fostering of those who most pro fess to be its friends, is dying out. The Chinese would more tbau make good tbe void caused by the extinction of tbe Southern negroes. When it comes to voting, nobody should be nice in these days; but the Chinese cannot vote until they become naturalized or reach the sec ond generation of adults, so that a discus sion of that contingency is unnecessary here. If it is objected that they are idol aters, then the reply is ready that by bringing them over we put them withiu reach of the Home Missionary Society. Regarded from every standpoint, but es pecially from that of business interests, the importation of Cbiuese to the aban doned and weed-grown plantations of the South is much to be desired. And, there fore, we trust that the Louisiana experi ment will be so successful as to put other States ou the same track. I.VIV FKKIGII |fg. It stems to be pretty wdl settled, now, among intelligent aud practical railroad men aud managers, lliat a system of low freights on certain articles, is one of tbe surest and most satisfactory roads to an increase iu business, aud a corres|*onding increase in profits. It is a question in which ail classes are vitally concerned. To tiie farmer low rates on Grtilizers is an inducement to buy largely, and iucrease his products The less they cost him, the more lie buys, aud the more be raises, and of course, the more work he has for the railroad. Most, If not all, our railroads now carry tlie various kinds of fertilizers at rates bareiy sufficient to save them selves from loss. The wisdom of the policy has been amply shown since its adoption, in the iucrease iu tbeir business in those sections where fertilizers are most liberally used, and we do not doubt tiut that, witir anything like favorable seasons this year, the results will be still more satisfactory. The same is true of ali other articles upon whose carriage reduc lions have been made by the roads. Here, then, is where and how the roads aud their stockholders, are benefited. As to the people, ail classes of them, the benefits are equally apparent. They are so decided as to make their enumera tion almost superfluous. In the first place these inducements of cheap freight rates, act directly as a stimulus to home produc tions, and by cheapeuirg them, ciieapeu labor, aud the cost of living. This is the grand desideratum after all. It comes home to every cousumer, of every degree. What we ali want is cheap bread and meat, cheap clothing, and cheap fuel. Bringing down the rates of freight on those substances that tend to increase tbe production of breadstutfs, of course is bound uot only to make tbe country that produces them self-supporting, hut tiie articles themselves much cheaper. After a while people will give wheat and corn their due proportion of the va rious fertilizers now devoted almost ex clusively to cotton, and then we shall have cheap bread, and millions of money kept at home for investment and tiie de velopment of our resources, tbatnowgoes to buy food. Now when it comes to cheap fuel, tbe argument is precisely the same. In a few years this question of fuel will uot be secondary to auy in importance. Iu many places it has already reached that point. Iu our cities and large towns, persons with small means are beginning to calculate this item with nearly as much anxiety as they do that of food. Wood of every description is yearly growing scarcer, and of an inferior quality, and of course higher iu price. Ten persons stint them selves and shiver iu consequence, now, where one did ten years ago. Borne other substance must be bad. There iscoal.it is true, iu abundauce, but suppose rail roads wont transport it at reduced rates, as they do other articles? Os course it then becomes as inaccessible to shallow pockets as wood, and tbeir condition is not bettered at all. That is one view of the case as it affects individuals. Take another. Cheap coal stimulates the in crease of manufacturing enterprises, and the consequent iucrease of avenues of em ployment to tiie poorer classes. In tiiose already established it leads to a reduction of expeuses aud a consequent addition to their profits, leaving that amount thus saved to find employment in tire establish ment of other enterprises. It cannot be questioned that ail these results have been witnessed in every section where the ex periment has been tried. Knowing these tilings as we do, and feeling such a deep interest in them, we regret, extremely, to learn that it is not probable this city and section, at least, will have an opportunity to test them as we could wish. Here in Macon tbe ques tion of fuel for domestic purposes, aud for use in factories, foundries, etc., is a very important one. The supply of wood is not adequate, either to the demands or the pockets of a majority of the people. The disparity is growing greater every year. We must have more, and cheaper fuel, 'l’lie introduction of coal last winter wonderfully slackened the strain. This year we hoped for still greater relief, and we looked to low freights to give it. But we bear that tiie Macon & Western Railroad lias raised its rates from $lO per car load to sl2 per car load of coal, which certainly don’t promise much iu that di rection. Wesupposethe President of this road ha- good reason for this advance, but that don’t help buyers. We had looked, tiiis winter, for regular coal trains running over tiiis road every day, and putting their contents still nearer within the reach of all classes. What makes It a greater disappointment, is the fact that a reduction of $1 per car load has just been effected on the Knoxville & Kentucky Railroad, a short line running to the mines, and we understand that ottier con necting roads were prepared to act very liberally in the premises. That this ad vance will have a tendency to check the growth of this branch of trade is not at all doubtful. If in September, 1567, the West ern & Atlantic road, at certain rates, only carried over its line 49 car loads of coal, giving a revenue of $1,504 87, and iu Septeaiber, 18G8, at a reduced rate, car ried 117 carloads, giving a revenue of $2,- 428 94, it seems reasonable to suppose that these results will follow in tiiis case from an advance in rates : A diminution of the coal trade and, of course, a corresponding decrease in the revenue of the road from that source. We do not see bow any other conclusion can be reached. Probably the President will more thau make it up somewhere and somehow else. We hope so, but are uoue the less aux ious that he should reconsider the matter, aud if consistent with his views and du ties give us the old rates, or eveu cheaper ones. In a question like this in which so many inteiests are so deeply concerned, it seems to us not only legitimate but wise to take as broad aud catholic view of it as possible. Let us look at it with reference to its connection with aud influence upon the development of natural resources, aud taking the reductiou of freight by the Western <fe Atlautic Railroad upon the article of pig iron as a case in point. Pig iron from the Pennsylvania mines cost the manufacturers from $37 to S3S per ton laid down in New York. It is worth, there, from S4O to $42 per ton, leaving them a profit of $5 per ton as the outside. The average profit—a profit which they think they do well to make —is not more than $2 per ton, however. Now, Alabama iron, from the mines on the Selma, Rome & Daltou Railroad, can be laid down in New York at $27 per ton, because, by the reduc tion of freight ou it over the State aud other couuectiDg roads, it only costs sl2 per ton as transportation, which, added to sls per ton, cost of production, makes the whole cost s27—leaving a profit of sl3 per ton. With the freight at S3B per ton over the State Road as it formerly was, this could not be done. A judicious reduc tion, however, of the cost to sls per ton, aud arrangements with connecting roads by which it was brought down to sl2 per ton, to Charleston, made it au accom plished fact. It requires no argument, of course, to prove that so long as it cost the Alabama manufacturers sls per ton to get their iron ready for market, aud S3B freight addi tional to lay It down in New York where the price was ouly S4O per tou. they could not compete with the Peuusylvauia man ufacturers, aud consequently could not afford to work their miue to any advan tage. When low freights, however, brought them in a condition not only to compete with, but shove their roads to the wall iu such a centre as New York, the Vi t a sine XL* i t e r is M or s est. case was different, and, under such a stimulus, their enterprise was bound to be developed to its highest point. Here, then, is a ease in point of the direct connection and powerful iufluence of low freights upon tbe development of natural re sources. If low freights will do tiiis much for iron, why not for coal, or auy other product? We don’t pre end to know as much as railroad men who make such subjects their whole study, but we do know tha both figures anil experience are ou our side, this time. We think the railroad manager who acts upon tbe theory that cheap fares and freights are the surest paths not only to good dividends, but the development and improvement of tbe coun'ry, is the wise man and tbe shrewd man at last; and that his stockholders, as well as the public, will soon be fully agreed upon that point. We hope the day is uot distant when there will cease to be any difference of opinion in this direc tion, and that soon every railroad in tbe Boutli will, with every other agency, be working towards the common ceutre of the country’s highest development, and most sjieedy and substantial prosperity. TO THE PRESIDENT AMI UIKKCrORSOPTIIK BAVAAMH, GRIFFIN At .NOIITI] AL MIAII \ R MLROAD. Gentlemen : I beg leave to present cer tain consideiatious which should in fluence the location of the 8., G. &. N. A. R it. westward from Newuan. Place a rule on the map from Newnan to Memphis, observe tiie line which it in dicates, and then compare to the more northern route to Jacksouvilleaud thence to Decatur. 1. The southern route, as indicated by the ruler, is tiie direct aud therefore the shoitest line to Memphis, the distributing center of the heavy trade of tlie North west with the States of Mississippi, Ala bama, Georgia, Florida aud Bouth Car olina. 2. It is the most important link In the shortest route from the Mississippi to the Atlantic Seaboard. 3. It will, when completed, be the great feed and supply line, not only to tbe rail roads of Middle and Southern Georgia, but also to the railroad system of Eastern Mississippi, and that of Middle and South ern Alabama. Freight loaded in Mem phis can be delivered without break of bulk in Macon, Bavaunab, Brunswick or Albany. 4. It will so shorten the distance from the Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic Sea board that tbe cotton, sugar aud other val uable products of that rich valley now seeking an Eastern market by tbe tedious and dangerous water route aiound tbe Florida Keys, will prefer the shorter, safer and more expeditious commuuicatiou with the East opened by this line. 5. The consideration thus far presented have relation (Ist) to the directness ami shortness of the line and therefore, to its cheapness, not only of first construction, but of annual repairs and of working the road; and (2d) to the tiirough freight. Three hundred thousand bales, through freight, is, perhaps, a moderate estimate of the cotton from Louisiana. Arkansas, Mis sissippi and Tennessee, that will seek a market over the road ; and tiie imagina tion almost staggers under the weight of tiie calculation of the many thousands of tons of bacou, corn, flour, Jive stock, etc., that in a ceaseless stream, will flow over it. 8. But another very important consider ation is the freight to be furnished by the country thiough which the road passes. Commencing at Newnan, then, let us trace the proposed route : Crossing the Chatta hoochee at or near the Mclntosh Reserve, it will thence traverse to tiie Chocaloc Valley in Alabama, a distance of about seventy miles, of tbe finest bodies of pine timber to be found in tiie Bouth ; it will uext pass tiirough the great coal, lime aud iron region of Alabama, tapping in its course some of the richest valleys in North Alabama, and tbence through tbe productive regions of North Mississippi. Could a railryad desire a better route for local freight? 7. Nothing has been said thus far of pas sengers; but all lines of through freight are also lines of through travel; moreover, the country through which the indicated line passes, is pretty thickly settled, and will become densely populated in a few years. Tiie business of the road, there fore, in the carriage of passengers and freight, will annually iucrease with great rapidity. 8. Now compare the Newnan-Memphis line and tbe Newnau-Jacksonville-Deca tur line. (a ) The N. M. is a first class tiirough line; N J-D. is a seeoud or third rate con nection line. (b.) Tiie first, a great feed and supply line connecting a principal center with the broad area over which its garnered stores are to be broadcasted ; tiie second, a dependent begging line that must draw its principal nourishment from the more important routes with which it humbly sues an alliance. (c.) The N-M. line passes through an exteusive region possessed of almost in exhaustible stores of lumber, coal, lime aod irou, and one rich too—in nearly its whole length —in agricultural productions ; the N- J-D hue, from N. to J. on the north ern route, passes through a region almost entirely devoid of everything attractiveof railroad enterprise; from J. to D. the country is more productive and attractive, hut the line is comparatively short aud it will have active competition. (and.) The first will be without a rival, for the Memphis & Charleston Railroad, via Chattanooga and Atlanta, will be too circuitous a route to compete with it for the carriage of freight to he distributed in Middle aud Southern Georgia, and the road from Vicksburg will hardly interfere witli its mission of feeding the radroad system of Eastern Mississippi, and of Ala bama; the second will be entirely depend ent upon its connections at Decatur. Engineer Note. —The route here characterized as the “northern route” from Newnan to Jacksou ville, is that of Foot’s survey. Jacksonville is on or very near the di rect line from Newnan to Memphis. E. [Newnan Herald. LETTER FROM CHIEF JUSTICE CHASE. In response to au invitation to attend tiie decoration of the graves of the Fed eral dead at Charleston, on Saturday last, Chief Justice Chase sent the foilowiug letter : Charleston, S. C'., May 29, 1869. Dear Sir; Your uote inviting me to at tend the ceremony of decorating, at Mag nolia Cemetery, the graves of the brave men who fell iu defence of the Pinion during the receut civil war, only reached me this morning. I am very sorry that I cannot be with you on this most interesting occasion ; but it is not too late to make the necessary arrangements The natiou cannot too tenderly cherish the memory of her dead heroes, or too watchfully guard the well-being of those who survive. Aud may we not indulge the hope that ere long we who adhered to the national cause will he prompt also to join in commemorating the heroism of our countrymen who fell on the other side, and that those who now specially mourn their loss, consenting to the arbi trament of arms, and resuming all their old love for their country and ourcountry, one and indivisible, will join with us in like commemoration of the fallen brave of the army of the Union ? The dead are not dead. They have only gone before, aud now see eye to eye. Why may not we all borrow from their sacred graves oblivion of past differences, aud henceforth unite iu noble aud generous endeavor to assure the honor and welfare of our whole country, of all her States, and of all her citizeus. Very respectfully, yours, (Signed) S. P. Chase. Captain 15. H. Mauning. “Quake no Good.” —The Herald says that Graut’s Quaker ludtau agents are uot doing very well with the Indian tribes, because they bring rain with them wherev er they go. “Um!” cried Hole-in-the- Bottle, a big ludiau chief of the Arapa hoes, “Quake uogood. Briug water. No whisky.” Deserves a Good Husband.—The first Hartford passenger across the continent by the completed Pacific Railroad was a young woman who had faith enough in a young mau’s word to travel three thousand five hundred miles to marry him. MACON. GA.. TUESDAY, JUNE 8, 1869. STATE NEW*. Tub State vs. Newton Awtrey.— This case toox two days in the Superior Court last week, aud, as much iuterest has been felt in it, we publish a short synop sis of the evidence: Hiram Proviuce, then a citizen of thi9 county, was missiug the 26th of Novem ber last The 16th of December he was found iu Proctor's creek, fastened under a log 10 to 14 feet long, and 10 to 12 inches thick. Go his h-ad was found a bruise, slight according to some witnesses, but the skull fractured according to others. It appeared tiiat he bad struggled to throw the log off after being put iu the water— this was a mere opinion from the position of his hand. Suspicion was directed to Newton Awtrey, because he wasseen with Proviuce on the eveuing previous to his missing, going out from Atlanta on tiie Masou aud Turner ferry road, aud was last 9eeu with him at Proctor’s creek, to which place they had ridden togetiier ou a wagon. Awtrey lived at Province’s, aud on going home told Mrs. Province that he iiad left Province at or near tiie “National ■ Garden.” He told tiie same tale to others ; also, bought some meat for Mrs Province, which he seut to her as purchased by her husband. From these false statementi strong suspicion was directed towardfc. him. It was shown further, that Awtrey had oue baud very sore, so that he could not use it; that the most friendly relations existed between Awtrey and Proviuce ; aud that two men of very bad character passed the place near tiie time that Prov ince was at the creek, aud tiiat these two men had fled tiie country upon a rumor that Awtrey had confessed tiiat they were the guilty part.es, which, iu fact, he did uot. This is but a short imperfect state ment of the case. There was, as will be seen, a fine field for argument. Counsel for tbe State were E. P. Howell ami B H Thrasher; for the prisoner, W. H. Hul sey and Ezzard, aud Tiguorand Thrasher. The jury returned a verdict of “Not Guilty.”— Atlanta Constitution ,3lsf. Terrible Traoedy.-A terrible trage dy was enacted in Dawson county, ou Saturday the 22J, the particulars of which are furnished us by a correspondent. Jack and William Thompson were twin broth ers, and lived together. Tiie former had a family, and was an intemperate fellow. The other was single, aud was a sober, in dustrious man and a good citizen. On the day above named, Jack wanted his garden hoe and was informed that one of the ne groes had carried it to the field. He im mediately took down his double barreled shot-gun, and swearing he would kill the negro, mounted his mule and started to the field to carry out his threat. His brother, William, kuowing what kind of man he was, eudeavored to get to the negro first; but he was out-stripped by Jack, who got there and fired at the negro before Wil liam came up; but failed to hit him. See ing his brottier advancing. Jack asked if he took the negro’s part. Before time was giveu for reply lie fired tiie other barrel of his gun, kiliiug William instantly. Leav ing his brother’s dead body on the field, Jack went home and told his wife what he had done, and asked for some of his best clothes. Taking his clothes, gun, repeater, aud a jug of whisky, lie left, and had not been heard from up to the date of our letter. William Thompson’s remains were buried last Monday with Masonic honors. [Atlanta Era , lsf. Negro Killed. —A negro man named Alfred Pickett, was shot and killed by a white man named John Morand at the bridge, near this city on Saturday. It seems that Morand was riding in a wagon with other parties, when Pickett asked permission to put a two gallon jug in it— himself being in a rickety old buggy, heavily loaded—which permission was granted by the driver, and the jug placed upon the wagon. Morand objected to tbe jug being hauled, and threw it out upon tbe ground breaking it. The negro told him he must pay him for the syrup, whereupon Morand said he would pay him by shooting him, and drew his pistol. Th ■ negro started with a bucket to water th horses, and finding tiiat Morand was fol lowing him turned to face him, when he (Morand) fired, the ball passing through the negroe’s heart, and killing him in a short time. After firing Morand fled, and up to this time has not been captured [Americas Courier , lsf. Return ok the Delegates from Sa vannah to the Commercial Conven tion—The Harbor of Savannah, eic. —Hoti. E lward C. Anderson, General A. R. Lawton, Colonel F. W. Sims, and Mr. John Cunuiugbam —the four of the dele gates from Savannah to the Commercial Convention at Memphis, who went to the Convention at New Orleaus—have re turned to Savannah via Mobile. While at New Orleans and Mobile, the delegation visited tiie harbors aud in spected them. After full inquiries re garding the condition of them, the delega tion returns to Savannah feeling prouder of her than when they weut, and fully satisfied that at neither of the above places is such a progressive spirit dis played, nor are there as many indications of future wealth and commercial prosper ity as in Savannah. As regards the clearing of tiie harbor, Bavaunab lias already done what is only contemplated by tiie other cities. The City Council of New Orleans has peti tioned Cougress for $1,0011,009 to clear her harbor; the Council of Mobile for sljK),oik) per year for tiie same purpose, hut at neither place has anything been done. Tbe Council of Bavaunab has applied to Cougress for $30,000, to exteud tiie jetty at the upper end of Hutchiuson’s Island three hundred feet, and to strengthen tiiat portion already completed. This exten sion will cause a large volume of water that would otherwise go through tiie Back river, to flow in frout of the city, thus in creasing the depth of water at tiie wharves This money, we learn, will be shortly appropriated. But Savannah, un like tiie cities above named, has not waited for Congress. The river lias been cleared of obstructions, tiie channels opened, and a depth of water sufficient to float the largest vessels up to tbe city has been secured. — Sav. News , Ist. Penitentiary. —There was a report upon our streets last week, that the Peni teutiary was leased ; upon iuquiry at the proper source, we find that it was not so. Some few weeks since, a railroad con tractor ctiuie and took a number of con victs, leaving iu the Penitentiary at litis time, 45, out of which number, there is not more thau 15 real good hands. We saw about 8 or 10 that were of but little ac count, and 3 or 4 that were of no account. The principle work that is ITGw being done, is that of brick making, blacksmith iug, shoe making, and wagon work, of course upon a rather small scale. We were informed by Col. Walton, Principal Keeper, that he is makiug more clear mouey with the few hands he has, than when they were twice as inauy. He has given up all kiuds of little job work, and takes iu only heavy work. The average earnings of the blacksmith shop per week, is about $125. All the shoes that are made find ready sale. The whole number of convicts as regis tered, is about 4tt9, of which two-thirds are negroes. The number at work ou rail roads, 354, for wuuh the State gets $lO per year for each hand, net, the State being at uo expense iu feeding, clothing, etc.— [Southern Recorder , Ist. Brunswick Exports.— ln the present month of May our Custom House has cleared, for foreign and domestic ports, 2,654 819 feet of timber and lumber, mak ing cargoes for 8 vessels. —Brunswick Ap peal, 30fA ult. Mills Burnt.— We learn that the saw and grist mills of B. B. Dykes, Esq., at Cochran, on the M. A B. R R., were to tally consumed by fire on Thursday last. Loss $3,000. The fire is said to have been caused by the carelessness of a negro fire man, who went to sleep, and the fire, dropping from the furnace, caught the firewood. —Jiawkinsville Dispatch, 2d. Rome Subscription to the Memphis Branch R R —The Mayor and Council of the city of Rome have subscribed for seven hundred aud fifty shares ($75,000) of stock in the Memphis Branch Railroad. This subscription is made on the condition that the Company will receive iu paymeut the bouds of the city, payable aud redeem able in ten years, with interest from date, interest payable annually at 7 per cent. The bouds issued are based upon the terms and conditions of the Act of the Legisla ture authorizing this subscription and con ditioned further, that when a vacancy oc- i Mrs in tbe Board of Directors, the City i Council may designate one director who shall be accepted by tbe stockholders. [Rome Commercial , 2d. Real Estate Sales.—On yesterday Messrs. Wallace & Fowler sold five lots, heavily wooded, all fronting upon Mc- Donough road, near Col. Reid’s, and two and a half miles from the city. Three of the lots of twenty acres each were pur chased by J. G. Kelly—tbe first at $11.75 per acre, tbe second atsll.so, and the third at $10.25, Tbe two other lots were bought by Balie—oue of 17.22 acres at S2O per acre; the other, 16 78 acres, at S2O per acre.— A tlanta Intelligencer, 2d. Owen Thomas Will Case—Negroes Suing kor the Estate of their Form er Master.—ln the Superior Court the whole of yesterday was consumed by ar gument from counsel concerned in the celebrated “Owen Thomas Will Case.” The facts are as follows : Mr. Owen Thomas, quite an old mso, died last September. He was a bachelor. His estate was valued from $150,000 to $175,000. Ouly one wid was fouud, and it was made iu 1852. Iu it he desired that about twenty-live of his negroes be carried by his executor, after his death, to Libs na, or s me free State, as they might elect, and there set . ree—they and their posterity forever. Ife then desired the residue of his property, including some sixty ether negroes, who also were his staves, to be reduced to money. He required that iiis debts, which are small, iiis executois aud the expenses of transportation of tiie ue groes to be freed, be first paid, and then desired the remainder of the funds to be divided among tbe negroes thus set free— aud divided iu specified proportions, ou their arrival at their uew homes. There now remains nineteen negroes who claim the property of deceased under this will, which his relatives are endeavor ing to break. Last November Mr. Jas. K. Redd, tbe only surviving executor of tiie will, pre sented it for probate. Ordinary Duer re fused the probate on tbe ground tiiat the act of 1859 renders null and void any instrument conferring freedom on slaves, aud hence this will was void, and there was no republication ; tiiat it coutaiued conditions precedent, now impossible to be performed; that tbe changed circum stuuces revoked the will, aud there was nothing done to suit the changed relations of the parties. On appeal, the case was taken before the Superior Court, and yesterday the subject was argued fully and ably by tbe follow ing counsel, the propouuders having the beginning and conclusion: Williams & Thornton, Ramsey & Ramsey, and Col. Mark Blanford, represent tiie negroes; Ingram & Crawford, the executor; James M. Russell, Mrs. Hargroves, the only sur viving sister of Owen Thomas; and Geu. H. L. Bentiitig, and Peabody & Brannon, tbe heirs of Mrs. M. W.Thweatt, deceased, another sister. Thearguraent was not closed uutil about dark. Judge Worrill stated lie would give a written charge.— Columbus Sun, 2d. Laying the Corner-Stone of the Atlanta University (Colored.)—A considerable crowd of negroes and a few white people assembled, upou the grounds of tbe University yesterday afternoon to hear John M. Langston, a negro lawyer from Washington, speak upou the laying of the corner-stone. The exercises were opened by Mr. Ful ler reading a chapter from the Scripture* A negro followed in prayer. Then Lang ston was intndueed. His speecli was full of negro equality. He granted the same rights to tiie whites that he did to tiie negroes. He advised tiie negroes to be honest and uprigiit, particularly to educate themselves, so they could be socially aud politically equal to tbe whites; said tiiat Gen. Grant would soon have it so that ne groes could hold office in Georgia; brought Sumner, Phillips,Beecher, and the “Saint ed Thad. Stevens, the greatest lawyer that auy couutry ever produced,” vividly before his audience as njen of example. Gov. Bullock, Judge McCoy, and Post master Du uni tig followed iu short speeches. There was a brass baud iu attendance. Tiie negro children sang a few songs. The grounds consist of about 80 acres, lying ou Mitchell street, near the suburbs aud were given by a negro in Macon for the purpose of erecting a University.— [Atlanta Constitution, 2d. The New Catholic Church.—The excavation for the basement of ilie uew Catholic Church is nearly completed. We learn tiiat the rock will be hauled, and the work of laying the foundation com menced in a few days.— [lbid. The Government Offices in Savan nah. — We have gleaned the following items regarding the appointment of gov ernment offices in Savannah : Col. T. P. Robb entered upon the duties of li s office as Collector of Customs yester day. judge Lee, who has so acceptably filled tiie office of chief clerk in tiie Postoffice, will be appointed Deputy Collector of Customs. Charles 11. Hopkins will be appointed Appraiser in tiie Custom House. Booby Clift will take charge of tiie Post office to morrow morning, having obtain ed the $40,000 security in the North. Isaac Seely will be Chief Clerk in tbe Post Office. E. E. Howard, negro, formerly editor and so-called proprietor of tbe Freedmen’s Standard, and another uegro, will lie ap pointed clerks iu tbe Postffice by Booby Clift. Col. E. H. Kirlin will be appointed Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue by Major Gould, the Collector. ISuvannah News. 2d. Col. L. Tumlin’s Plantation—Wheat Clover, etc. — We bad tiie pleasure of ridiug over the plantation of, and in com pany with, our esteemed friend and neigh bor, Col. Lewis Tumlin, on Saturday last, and viewing his magnificent wheat and clovercrops, to say uotliiug of bis excel lent corn, cottou, oats, stock, etc., etc. Col. T. has about 500 acres in wheat, 50 acres of which is as tineas we ever saw, and will produce, we think, from 30 to 40 bushels per acre, and tbe balance will average from 12} to 15 bushels per acre. His wheat was sowed upou clover, pea, and corn lands. That that was sowed up on clover aud pea lauds will produce, at least, a third more wiieat to the acre than that which was sowed upon corn lands, although the soil is the same. Where his clover lauds join his corn lands, the wheat is a foot higher, and one can tell tiie very dividing furrow a hundred yards off. Oue striking feature in his wheat is its uni formity iu height and thickness. It is al most as even as the surface of a pond of water, the most of which we examined, contained three grains to the mesh. From this experiment it is very apparent that either clover or peas is the fertilizer for wheat lands. The former, perhaps, is preferable. His clover is hard to beat and fully demonstrates the fact that it can be as successfully raised on Cherokee, Geor gia, lands, as on Kentucky or Ohio lands. We saw some clover that we are satisfied will make from 2} to3 tous per acre, which crop, Col. Tumlin is now busily engaged iu harvesting.— Carlersville Express , 2d. Neqro Killed. —We learn that a negro named Warren Hays was killed last week near Lexington, while resisting au arrest by the civil authorities. We are informed that a negro who bad been exercising a pernicious influence upon the negro popu lation for some time past had been warned by unknown persons to leave the commu nity, and that, after making threats of what he would do, a considerable number of negroes armed themselves last Wednes day night, organized into a colored Ku klux clan,'and threatened violence against some three or four white men. No evert act was committed, however, as the whites had got wind of the affair, and were pre pared to protect themselves. It was thought advisable afterwards to arrest the ringleaders, ami warrants were issued against them. They all quietly submitted to an arrest, except the negro Warren, who was armed with a gun and swore he would not be arrested. It is said that he was a desperate fellow. [Athens Watchman , 2 d. Misstrial. —We learn that the jury at Dawson Court, on Friday last, made a misstrial in the case of the State vs. Lee, charged with the murder of Capt. Fletcher. Eleven were for murder without recom mendation to the mercy of the Court, and one for murder with recommendat'on. Eleven for hanging and one for Peniten tiary for life.— Albany Newt, Ist. KHE IKK OK FANATICISM. Remarkable <’»*e of Kelljtiuui Aberration In North Carolina—Two Women Claim Thefitaelae* to be A Imixht v (ial, and each Conte*** the Other * Claim. The New York World's correspondent, writing from Lenoir, N. C., under date of May 17, gives a highly sensational account of the freaks of fanaticism exhibited by a family of squatters iu that vicinity. The facts came out on tbe trial of Eli Laud, father, aud Nimrod and James, his sons, for tiie murder of Sarah Laud, daughter of Eli and sister of the others. The Land family consisted of James, a man apparently of fifty years of age, his wife, Jane, bis sons, Eli aid Niturod, aged sixteen and seventeen, his daughters, Sarah aud Polly, older tbau the boys, aud two children of tender years. They were very poor, living on rented laud iu a log cabin at the base of Cox's Knob of the Brushy Mountains, Alexander county, North Carolina. They were remarkably quiet, peaceable, houest aud industrious people, and were noted for tbeir kindly affect ion to oue auotber. The wife and mother, Jane, a woman of very limited education, but of strong will aud fervent passions, lias acquired a con trolling influence over her husband and children, aud was in every way the fuler of her family. Their religious feelings, always marked, had become intensified by the exercises and manifestations ala “pro tracted meeting” held at Dover Church, in their neighborhood, last August, where for uiue days and nights, from 9 a. m. to 10 P. m , preaching was kept up by three ministers, with brief interruption for meals. From attending these meetings tiiis family, who were with tiie exception of the tw > little children, all ehui\ h mem bers, went borne more than ever interested iu devotional subjects. Their daily work in field and house was little by little neg lected and laid aside; they began aseiies of home ineeliugs, iu which Jane ami Sally were theexhorters, and which every member of the family took partiu. During the progress of these meetings the mother and Bailie began to see visions, and the mother to prophesy. Bailie claimed to t>e the true God, the mother often saw Polly ou tiie cross, and sometimes herself felt on her head the thorny crown, and felt in her side tiie spear, as her Saviour had done before her. For days and nights together they would fast, sing, preach and pray. In these exercises Jane and Sally led oil, Polly following, while the fattier and his two sons would either sit silently listen ing, or following the lead of the women, and when their local manifestations gave place to such physical ones as dancing, would inarch ill procession and chase away the devil. Two or three weeks be fore Sally’s death they began to see evi dences of the devil’s peculiar malignity toward themselves; they believed, or pre tended to believe, that he was trying to destroy them, and that lie must be driven away by physical prowess; they were seen, at tbe command of Jane, to rush out of their cabin like a swarm of bees, shout ing, “Here he goes! It is the devil! kill him!” aud run violently about tbe yard, garden and house, beating the air with their fists, and shouting loud enough to be heard a mile oft’. On Saturday, February 20, 1869, tbe whole family, excepting Sally, were seen in Johnathan Laud's field, some half mile from their house, preaching praying aud singing, exhorting bystanders to repent, threatening damnation on all who denied obedience to tbeir commands, and were observt d,with ttieir sleeves rolled upabove their elbows, knocking dried chestnut burs about from one to another, until their naked hands aud arms wen- covered with blood. While this was going on, Sally was noticed sitting apart, her eyes fixed on the sun, which although near tiie west, was still brilliant aud cloudless; when she was asked what was going on up yon der. pointing to tbe family, site began, witii wild gestures, to reply : “Preaching, sir, from Heaven’s King”—keeping this up rapidly for some minutes, aud then changing into some unintelligible jargon. Shortly after ibis, the same evening, they were met in a narrow path, liy a brother of James, marching by twos towards their home, the mother, clasping tier husband’s arm with botli her hands, in front—next came Sally and Polly, then tiie boys, and last, the children ; their heads were bare, tbeir hair floating and dishevelled, tbeir dress disordered, their eyes fixed and star ing, their faces set steadily to tbe front, aud their whole look wild aud strange. The witness spoke. None answered. He moved a little to one side, still keep ing close to them and addressing them, but the whole procession filed past him without word or sign of recognition. Ihe witness believed them crazy, and went several miles away for Jane’s father, an old man named Murphy, who testified that the uext day (Sunday) he went to their house, met Eli and Nimrod close by, who were entirely averse to his entering until he prayed—for, said they, “It is God’s house, and we are God’s people.” Gaining an entrance at last, lie found that tiie whole family had fasted for three days, eating, as tlmy claimed, “hidden manna.” His visit was profitless, and he went away. That evening a neighbor and four young women called on them. Sally was stand ing on tbe hearth, holding out a gourd of water to Eli and Nimrod, calling on them to drink and be cleansed; lliut she was tbe true aud only God They drank tiie water, aud then Eli seized a pine torch, lit it, aud with shirt drawn out over his waist, and his right arm and shoulder bare, held his blazing torch up iu tbe middle of the room; tbe rest of tiie family danced about it, shouting aud clapping their hands, until they put out the torch, w‘en they exclaimed: “We have con quered the devil.” Seeming then to notice their visitors for the first time, they approached them, shouting, “Here are five more devils, and oil the floor we’ll lay them,” and on the five persons so accosted fleeing affrighted from tiie house, they followed them into the yard, exclaiming, “Out of the door they go, and in the yard we’ll lay them,” and so chased them away. That night the mother and Sally ordered the whole party, except the little oue, to strip naked, themselves setting the example, burn tbeir clothes and shoes, and go some fifteen or twenty yards to a cold spring, where, witii exhortation, prayer and song, they washed aud were cleansed again. Returning to tiie house, they put on uew clothes, but had uo more shoes. Nearly all tiiat night, a bitter cold one, they re mained up, engaged iu prayer; the next day they passed the same way—eating nothing from morning till night. At night, while Sally and her mother discussed some passages in Scripture, a dispute arose, occasioned, as tiie defend ants told me, by both of them claiming to be God. Tiie mother thought Sally was the devil, and ordered her sous and hus band to tie her. They did so, and thrust her, her hands tied together, out of the door. She attempted to get iu ; James seized a bit of board and tried to push her away, while tbe mother, unable to hold the door against her, ordered Eli to shoot the devil; he fired, hitting her in the hand, and then, as they described it after wards, “the devil scrambled <»ff tiie door step.” Soon she was back again, putting her bloody hand in a hole iu the too of the door, when Eli was again ordered to shoot. “It seemed like,” said he, relating it to someone, “like as if he had got in he would have destroyed us all. I saw his eyes, as big as diuner plates,” and tiie mother saw him too. “ The real big, black, bald-headed old devil.” Nimrod loaded the rifle with two bullets, gave it to Eli, who said, “Father, must I shoot?” ‘‘lf nothing else will do,” said he, “you must shoot,” and, said Eli, 1 “This time I plumbed him right between the eyes ” The body lay outside the door until daylight, then the mother ordered the rest to carry the devil to the log heap and burn it This they did, all taking part therein but Polly, whose mind seems to have given way that night, and to whom the whole scene seemed, as she tes tified, like a dream. The remains of Sally were discovered next day—nothing being left but a bit of the spine and skull, a rib or two, some portion of the abdomen, and the outlines of the swelling shoulders and li.ps, in the ashes. Her funeral pile was u a public place, a few yards from the house, in full view of every passer-by. A quarter of a mile —even less—distant was a dense wood, with many a rocky hollow and gorge, suited for concealment. Tuesday they were arrested, and made ! frantic efforts to retain their rifle, appa rently regarding it as sacred. The same day the whole of the survivors were seen busy about the old man, James, their hands and fingers in his mouth, calling out, “Lord have mercy! sptt it up!” He submitted quietly to tbe rest. That day, too, while a visitor asked them what had become of Sally, Jane said : "The devil Is in the fire yonder; we killed him last night.” Tie old man, who was uncon cernedly stopping up the hole iu the door, said : “ This is all the old woman's work ; she has scattered witch truck over us.” That day, too, Nimrod asked why he was going barefooted in the wiuler, and what had become of his shoes, answered: “I>on’t tempt me! I have sold them to Peter for tbe price of two souls.” They were taken to Taylorsville, Ant’er sou county, and confined in jail, where, a few nights afterwards, they ali occupy ing the cage, a room grated with iron ou the top and sides, the sons killed the mother by choking her. All thatis known of ibis last is, that Eli. being questioned as to it, said : “When I got awake she was dead.” Indictments were fouud against James and bis sous for the murder of Sally, and against the sons for the murder of Jane. Intense excitement in the community followed these developments, and the venue was changed toa neighboring coun ty for trial. The trial resulted in the ae« quital of all the prisoners, it having beeu shown to the satisfaction of tbe jury that they were of unsouud miud. THE COMING MAN. John Chiiiamnii iu \merlr%—Kaptd InQui of (lie lVlemi»U to the Pacific. The Metropolitan Record thus speaks of the Chinese laborers, wbo are flocking to tiiis couutry iu great numbers: The Mongolians ate coming to stay. They are also coming to work. For that matter, indeed, we are told that betweeu forty aud fifty thousand of them are al ready hard at work ou und along the line of the great Pacific Railroad. The mining districts of California swariu with them, and the universal testimony as regards their industry, enterprise aud peaceable dispositions, is altogether in their favor. We havespokeu of the multiplication of tho Cbiuese ou the Pacific. From San Die go to Sitka, aud back to Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Arisoua, and throughout all that continuous stretch of country of which San Francisco is the commercial centre, we ure told, they are everywhere to be found. Every town and hamlet has its “China towu.” Their industry is most remarka ble. Mining, dollies-washing and kiu ured occupations were the first branches of industry iu which they engaged; but of late years there lias been a great increase in tiie variety of their employments. In the construction of the Sau Jose Railroad, iu 1869, it was discovered tiiat they were cheap and effective road builders; the Mis siou aud Pioneer Woolen Mills found that they made first-class factory operatives, amt now they are rapidly obtaining em ployment wherever patient manual labor, without any great amount of brain work, is requisite Large numbers are engaged as servants in families, lintels, etc., taking the place of girls mi chamber work and cooking, in which they become very ex pert. A large proportion of the immigra tion consists of boys from ten to sixteen years of age, wbo are immediately put out to service in families, where they soon pick up a knowledge of the language aud of household duties. In fact, ttie Chinese are rapidly monop olizing employment in all tiie lighter branches of industry usually allotted to women, sucli as running sewing ma chines, making paper bags and boxes, binding shoes, labelling aud packing med icines, etc. They are willing and anxious to learn auythiug and everything that may prove of pecuniary value to them, and in spile of the difficulties which their total or partial ignoiance of the language imposes, their patience and imitative lac ulties enable them to learn to work with surprising facility ; and close observers of tbeir habits do uot hesitate to say lliut there is not any manual trade in which they could not become workers iu a rea sonable time. t’liese strangers are said to become Americanized —so to speak —very rapidly. They learn to buy and sell, to labor, ac cording to American modes, just as they discard tbe umbrella-shaped hat, wide drawers, and thick papershoes for tbe felt hat, pantaloons amt boots ; but they re tain all their essential habits aud modesof thought just as they retain their cues. Tbe Chinaman running a sewing ma chine, driving a sand cart, or tiring an en gine in California, is just as essentially a Chinaman as his brottier who, on the other side of the Pacific, is working in the same way, ami with tbe same imple ments as bis fathers worked a thousand years. Much has Keen said of his im morality, ami especially of his proneuess to lie and cheat; but if lie can beat tiie Yankee Puritan in that line of business, lie must, indeed, tie a bad fellow. Our own impression is, that bis infirmities iu that respect have Keen exaggerated. “THE INFAMOUS SHIUIT OF CASTE.” 11 is a truism to say that tbe white peo pleof the South ale fully us kindly dis posed towards the freed ineu as are tbe Northern whites. If the Southern whites do not choose to adopt tiie extreme social equality or miscegenation doctrines of tiie more advanced Radicals, no more do tiie Republicans of tiie North. That “hea thenish and infamous spirit of caste,” which the American Anti slavery Society denounced the other day, is practiced at tiie Nor.li to an extent that could not be more than matched at the South. Teste, the African Methodist Conference at New burgh. N. Y. Forty colored clergymen attended tiiat conference last week, and were “quartered among the colored people of Newburgh,” at the expense of tiie white people of the place.” Newburgh is a city witii a Radical majority, and there was a chance for the advocates of complete social equality, if such there were, to have risen superior to the “heathenish aud in famous spirit of caste,” aud welcomed the forty colored clergymen to their hearths and tables. But no! While they are will ing to pay for the board and lodging of their dusky brethren, they do so so only on condition tiiat the beueficiaries shall quarter in tiie bumble homes of tiie Newburgh blacks. To have made that distinction, as the Newburgh whites did, proves tiiat the caste question was upper most in their minds. Yet it is not un likely that some of the good people who so illustrated the.r feelings of unconge niality towards the negro, are of tiie num ber who are perpetually abusing tiie South ern whites for their “prejudice” against the freedmeu. — Journal of Commerce. Breakers Ahead.—We are nearly at the end of our tether in this career of debt and extravagance. Now, when the sup ply of bonds available for exportation is getting exhausted, Mr. Boutwellcoinesiu to the market as a purchaser of bonds, at the rate of fifty two millions a year. He thus arrests the ebbing exportation, sends up the price of gold, and spreads anxiety and alarm through business circles by raising the inquiry how we are hereafter to meet the claims ofourforeigu creditors. When the exportation of bonds stops, what are we tosend abroad? The semi annual interest can then be no longer paid by the exportation of bonds. Then will have come thegloomy dawning of payday. j The interest ou the exported bonds will have to be paid in something. Our im portations of foreign goods will have to be paid in something. When the bonds, i having risen to par, are returned upon our market and sold, we must send back their value in something. What will that some- j thing tie? (iold, whileour market stock of gold lasts; but that will be soon ex hau-ted. W hat then ? What then ? We submit the question to thoughtful meu who have sufficient discernment of the signs in the sky to forecast the coming storm. We submit it to the crazy tarilf meu and inflationists who have rendered it impossible that we should manufacture anything to export. We submit it to the revengeful Radical destructives who have kept the South disorganized these four years, and prevented the flow of capital into that section to revive the cultivation of its great staples, which are our chief articles of export. With regard to this process of paying foreign deb's by the ex portation of bonds, we are manifestly near “the beginning of the end.” What then ? What then ? [New York World. VOL. LXL, NO- 1- PRO*l*«£C TH OK COTTOV. The price am) pros|>eets of this great staple (says the Boston Journal) are of in terest to every merchant ami manufaetu rer. The Northern States of this Union consume yearly a million of bales, worth at present rates one hundred ami twenty live million dollars. The price of cotton affects the value of dry goods, and the cost of other manufactures. The value of cot ton determines the ability of the South to pay for our productions, and it contributes more thin a third of our exports and of our mean a of paying for foreign goods. Its purchase calls annually for our green backs. Its shipment cheapens exchange. Under every aspect it Interests the uier cautile cum mu lity. Two years since England underto >k to break down prices, and the planter and spinner acquiesced for the purpose of re moving tile cotton tax. The price fell to fourteeu ceuts a pound, and the planter realized less than twelve—less than the cost of production alter payment of tho tax. (Some profits were made by the fac tors, hut cotton went abroad, through tho cotton season, at the low average >i twenty ceuts a pound, as low as fifteen in the early part of the season, as high as twenty seven after the planters had sold lheir crops. The price was too low to ooutintie, for most of tile negro women had left the field, and at the lowest point we ventured to predict a rise to twenty-four cents a p mud. Last year, again, the season w is lavora hie. Cotton came in early ou the Missis sippi aud its tributaries, and the price went back to twenty-two ceuls. Again we ventured to predict a rise to twenty eight cents, and this has been iiie ruling price of the season, and stocks which formerly rose to a million of hales in Liv erpool have fallen to about three hundred and sixty thousand. The reasons are now obvious; the great decline in the fall of 1667 checked production both in America asd Asia. In 16(37 the plautei raised little corn, ami the price for his cotton did not suffice to pay for the food and tools lie re quired, and last year he devoted thirty per cent of Ins land to breadstutls and some to peas or sweet potatoes, and but six and a half million acres to cotton, while the culture of rice aud sugar was also in creased. The rivers of the Southwest were high during ttie fall, and under improved prio« s cotton came into New Orleans much earlier than tlie year before, and stocks accumulated, but at other ports there somt appeared a deficit. The breadth of laud given to cotton was found to be ten per cent, less than it was in lsi>7. The re ceipts gradually declined, and now it ap pears that ttie amount received to date is less than it was to this date last year. Meanwhile the English have held hack, and the stock in European nulls lias de clined and the export lias been less in quantity than it was to this period I isl year, while stocks show a uioderatcexc ss. The price lias now risen to twenty eight cents, equivalent to twenty-one cents in gold, Which checks production of clnili, and the manufacture abroad is checked by tiie consequent loss of profits. White cotton has risen, wool lias fallen in value in Europe. We have cut off tho wool of Australiaaml h i Plata and thrown it upon England and Belgium until liio fine Mestiza wool has gone down to six teen cents, and comes more or less in competition with cotton. Woolen goods are sold cheap, ami ttie sale of c dlon fabrics is affected. The rise of cotton, ton, lias given anew stimulus to cotton plant ing, both at the South and India, and a new road, tlie Han Panto, has been carried iuto the elevated districts of Brazil more favorable t> cotton than coffee, winch is now less than cotton per pound in value. Last year tiie rise of prices in the spring and summer gave a start to cotton, which had been depressed so much by tiie tall that the income of the rail ways in India was affected ; but now, under the impulse given by the rise, a large crop lias been raised, which comes to market from Feb ruary to July, aud will rcaeli Europe be tween June and November. The ship ments from India since February are fifteen per cent, above those of 18(36. This yeur wo may expect increas and crops of cotton, rice ami sugar, and I -at tiie South. We may reasonably anticipate a diversion of at least a milh n of acres from corn to cotton, ami an n - use of guano and oilier fertilizers. With a good season, we may expeci a crop of three million of bales, in place of three million six hundred thousand bales, tho average before the war. We might have more, were it not for tiie fact Unit tho negro women have in great parlahamlom-d tiie plow, and a strong force is devoted to rice and cotton. With a favorable sen on, we may hope not only for three million hales of cotton, but also for eighty thou sand tierces of rice, and more than two hundred thousand hogsheads of sugar. How will it tie with prices? Last year, although the crops were less than before ttie war, the aggregate sums realized from rice, cotton aud sugar at Die South, afu r conversion into gold, exceeded the returns of 1 S(3O, during tiie palmy days ol slavery. Til is year, what may we expect witli in creased production ? There may he some decline in rice, as tiie crop may exceed our local wants, and is now too high for export; hut in sugar of which we consume thirteen hundred million pounds, our crop will not supply a fifth of our con sumption, aud the revolt in Cuba must sustain prices. How will it be with cotton ? Tiie stocks must i e light, nearly exhausted by July, and this must, for tile present, tend to susti in prices, but by the autumn may we not well anticipate an accession of three hundred thousand bales from tiie inert as- ed growth in India ami Brazil, and at least half a million hales from our South ern States? In the face ol light storks and a growing consumption in this coun try and on the Continent of Europe, an accession of eight hundred thousand In' might not seriously depress prices, but there is anew element to be taken into account, the promised completion of the Suez Canal in October. T his will icciii • the passage to France, Spain and l-,n .- land, by propellers through the canal, in place of ships by the Cape, at lea-t four months. May we not rtasouatdy expect the cotton of Bombay to take this route, and will not the elfi-ct be to accelerate the delivery of India Cotton to the manufac turer, at least four months, and a ill not tnie be equivalent to adding lor the hot year one third to the deliveries from In dia, aay six hundred thousand bales? An accession of fourteen bundled thou-aml bales must, of course, depress prices. If our anticipations are r< atized, we shall be gin to feel the effect of tiie increase by Novemtier, and may well exp el to -<e cotton decline below twenty-two cents by the close of the year, and take at le;.sl a twelve-month to recover. We do not look for the prices of 1800— they cannot well be anticipated • but the coming winter will subject cotton to anew ordeal. An Immense Peach Orchard. V correspondent of the New York Express writes from a village called Ridgeway, midway between Wilmington am! W el don, and gives the follow)ng description of the largest peach orchard we have heard of: But the great feallire of the pictiir■ • i- a peach orchard of 250,000 trees, occupying 2,500 acres of land. An idea of its no - nitude may, perhapq he better show n by the statement that if the acres were in a row, they would extend to the distance "f 100 miles, and if the trees themselve-, w ere in a row, would extend to tlie distance of 1000 miles. In the season forgathering, atonlv one basket per tree per day, there mu-t been the ground every day, a supply of 2-Vi,ood baskets. As the peaches pulled t<> 'iy 'ire to t»e in New York to morrow—for this can be—it is easy to conceive the arm,} of gatherers necessary to fill the -.isket- n: *. place them upon thecars. A n 1 < '• r P rl "' ! such as this requires no small capital and energy. It is in capable hand'- and will, probably, be a succe-s. Ihe parties have secured, I am informer!, a contract .or I transportation for twenty years. ae peaches can reach Norfolk in ess i.iu : six hours from th<* place <» 8 ■ by 10 a. M., and be disposed of in New ! York the next day. 1 dpatit ok a Distinguished Char tfstoman Dr. James Moultrie, grand son of Genera! Moultrie, of revolutionary ,ijed in Charleston on Saturday Whv '°9 aged 77 years. He was a very emi nent physician, and for thirty thre-years Professor of Physiology in the Charleston Medical College