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CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL.
AUGUST A.
TUESDAY MORNING JANUARY 14.
We hid an (ireiw of Mail* from tho North
last evening. They do not however, bring much
news. Morton, the Democratic candidate for
Governor of Massachusetts, it in said, i« elected
by a majority of four voted out of mo e than
600,000.
Some individuals connected with the Schuyl
kill Bank fraud in Philadelphia, have been pros
ecuted.
Nothing of much interest appears ts be doing
in Congress. In the Senate, Mr. Benton's reso
lutions in relation to the currency arc under dis
cussion, and in the House, the New Jersey Elec
tion is again the theme of discussion.
r[j‘ The lines on “ P. H. D.” by “ Anna,"
are received, and will apjiear to-morrow.
Coi a ac a.—The Washington Metropolis states
that from the foundation of our government up
to 1637, the coinage in this country has been
f 69,561,548.
There was a rumor in Philadelphia on Sunday
the sth, that Levis, the absconding cashier, has
been taken in Delaware county.
Correspondence of the Baltimore American.
Wtisisiirus, January 7, 1840.
iioi'ss or iiKeitEsasiTATlv**.
si. w jirsit skats.
This vexed question came before the House
this morning, and with all the spoil anil temper
which closed the discussion two weeks since.
Mr. Catnpliell, of 8. C. chairman of the Com-
Butter of Elections, offered two resolutions, tho
tlrat of which was. that all the papers relating to
the c tse should be leferred to the Commutes of
Elections; and the second of which contempla
ting the summoning ol the members,commission
■ e«l and claimants, with a view of allowing each
party to parti ipale in the investigation. Mr.
Campbell staled his desire to be to go into the
merits of the case—to bring the whole subject
before the Committee of Elections, and to allow
all the members whose seats were in dispute to
lake part in the investigation.
Mr. Bull fodowed. and s id ho could rrlievo the
House of this dilli oily, by presenting the ques
tion as a privileged one. Mr. Del said that from
the commencement of the season live members
from New Jersey hud been here—here within the
bar. They had exerci ed the franking privileged
and received stationary as other members had.—
They had voted in the preliminary organization
of the House, and received books from the Libra
ry as other members had, and wore members in
view of their own acts.
Mi. Bell said, as he had made the question a
privileged one, he should move, if in order, the
following resolutions;—
Resolved, That Philemon Dickerson, Peter D.
Vroom, Win. K. Cooper, Da-id U. Ryall and Jo
seph 11. Kyle, who are in attendance el.liming to
lie qualified ami to be admitted tositaud vot • in
tho House ts Representatives from the Slate of
New Jersey, are not and cannot be legally and
constitutionally members of this body, until the
regular returns or certificates of election, grunted
to live other duly qualified persons, by the Gover
nor and Gonneil of said State, in the exorcise of
the authority vested in them by the laws of said
Mtatc, passed in conformity with the Constitution
of the United Slates, sh ill have hren set aside or
adjudged void, upon due investigation made in
the firm and in inner prescribed by the laws and
usages of this House.
Resolved, Thai the House have decided that
John 11. Aycrigg, Win. Ilalsted, and the other
three Whig ineinhers should not be allowed to
have their seats upon the floor until the House
decided upon tbeirclaims.
The third resolution instructed the Speaker to
inform tht Governor of New Jersey o( what had
been done here, and the reason why tho State
was not represented.
The debate, after Mr. 801 l presented his reso
lutions, became general, and several members
look purlin the discussion.
Mr. Bell defended and explained Ins resolutions
and commented upon the of the pro
ceedings.
Mr. Adams said the Speaker was hound to no
tify the Governor ol the Sla'e of New Jersey of
tho condition of things in regard to the contested
seals. New Jersey should know, t 'finally and
olheially, how she had heen treated he.e in this
House and by this House—how her sovereignty
had been trampled under foot ami her righls dis
regarded.
Mr, Fillmore made some remarks upon the
merits of the question, and contended that il tho
views of the chairman of the committee on elec
tions were carried out, the Stale of New Jersey
would be without u representation until June
next. The committee oia elections, he had ho
ped. would make a brief Ripnrl on the important
question whether or not the commissioned mem
bers slto ild have their seals until tune was given
to go into the merits of the whole case.
After some remarks from Mr. Vanderpoel. Mr.
Johnson, of Mil. and others, n question of order
was raised as to the resolutions before the House.
The end of it was a motion to suspend the rules
of the House, which was carried, 182 to 83.
Mr. Campbell's resolutions were now in order,
ami Mr. Bell brought Ins forward as an amend
ment to them.
Mr. Bell spoke at length, and wis followed hy
Mr. Duncan, ol'Ohio, who will continue his speech
begun sometime ago upon the merits of the New
Jersey controversy.
I'XITKD STATKS SKMATE.
The Senate entered upon their usual business
of receiving mem irials, reports and resolutions.
Mr. Benton's resolutions, which occupied the
Senate yesterday, wore called up on motion of
Vtr. Lumpkin, wbn has introduced n substitute
for the resolutions ut Mr. Benton which he wish
es modified.
Mr. Grundy was not a!tn ’ -ther satisfied with
the resolutions an 1 therefore moved their refer
ence to a Select Co n nittee of as>en me ii'iors.
Mr. Pruamn, of S, C. spoke upon the merits of
the resolutions. In principle he was not much
opposed to the do 'trines they advance, hut be
thought their introduction unnecessary and im
proper. As no such proposition had been intro
duced as the resolutions opp ised there was no
reason for hurrying them forward.
Mr. Preston in concluding his remarks, moved
that they be laid upon the table.
Mr. Clay, of Ala. demanded the yeas and nays,
win -h laving ordered, the result was as billows ;
Yeas, Messrs. Belts, t lay. of Ky. Clayton,
Crittenden. Dixon. Davis, Henderson, Merrick,
Prentiss, Preston Rugglos. Smith of 1n.1.. omit
»*d. Spence, Waite of Ltd., White of Tennessee
i«.
Itsys, Messrs. Allen. Bent m, Brown, Buch
anan, Calhoun, Clay of Ala.. Fulton, Grundy,
Hubbard. King. L nn, Lump,in. Nichols. Nor
rvU. H Mine. R ibinaon Sevier, Smith of Conn.,
Strange. Tappan, Walker, Wail, Williams,
Weight, Young—2s.
After the adoption of several resolutions, call-
—
•raidspa.imem* lor information, the House pro
ceeded to the orden of the day. [One of the re
ad utions adopted -ailed upon the (Secretary of
the Treasury to ark. the Governor! of all the
IStatei in the Union for a copy of all their (Stale
Reports upon the subject of Geology and Miner
alogy. Another resolution adopted, called fur
information a* to the expediency of placing
Steam Cullers in (he Gulf of Mexico, on the At
lantic, and on Lake Erie.]
is.vtii ocri-riTiox or Florida.
Mr. Benton culled up the hill for the armed oc
cupation of Florida. Mr. Benton spoke at length
in defence of the bill.
Mr. Tappcn made some very strong remarks in
reply to Mr. Benton. He did nut thmk the mea
sure intro,lured tin- |>est lube supported hy Con
gress, and ha could not, therefore, vote for the
bill. The cases cited by Mr. Benton, affording a
similar case of the necessity and suffering, were
not alike. That of the Israelites in the Holy
Uund was different Mr. T. said he should Is:
glad to sec the plan adopted which was success
ful in the settlement of tN’ew England, Such a
plan was not iinpracticuble.au I it could be adopt
ed, and e mgranls could meet there and defend
tbeniael es by themselves.
Mr. Preston fdlowed in the debate. He de
clared that the General Government bad sham ■
fully abandoned its duty to Florida, li the Ex
ecutive had done his duly and the head of the
War Department had done his duly, the case
would have lieen dilferent from what it has been.
The conduct of the Government has been dilla
tory in the extreme, and the sufferings, ravages
and bloodshed proportioned, Flo ida has cost
the Government an immense sum of money.—
An immense sum had been paid for the original
purchase and an immense treas ire poured out.
Mr. t*. lielieved that the bill was wholly ineffi
cient, and would fail to accoinpl.sh its purpo
ses.
The Sen ile adjourned after Mr. Preston bad
finished his remarks, and after some unimportant
informal business.
Washi.vgtox, Jan. 8, 1840.
HOVSK or HEPRASK.VTAriVKS.
The Appropriation Hill, in part, for 1839 and
1840, passed both Houses yesterday, making an
appropriation of for the Congressional
serv.ee of the Government.
tmk mails and post orncx department.
Mr. Cooper, of Pa. asked leave of the House
to ulfera resolution calling upon the Post Master
General for information in relation to the new
mail route from Baltimore to Philadelphia. The
resolution culled lor info- muli n as to time and
pay and reasons of change. A Iso for information
as to tho conduct of a clerk or agent of the Post
• )ll'u u Department in relation to the letter mail,
which, t is alleged, was earned on the Philadel
phia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad.
Mr, Caoper wisned to suspend the rules, but
Mr Dunean, who was entitled to the floor, re
in sed to yield,
new J khbkt seats.
I Mr. Duncan said that those who occupied scats
ohoti Inis floor, t. e live Wing members, were
mid held himself reeponsihle for it before tw
wold. Mr. Duncan has bid the 11 mr through
the d.iy without interruption, except when called
to order by the Speaker for irrelevant remarks.
Mr. D. concluded his remarks, and Mr. Butts, of
Vu. tins the floor to-morrow.
On motion of Mr. Johnson, of Mil., the Na
tional Foundry subject was brought before the
House. He wished it referred to a Select Com
mittee again.
Mr. Butts would not yield the floor, and the
motion was not sustained.
On motion of Mr. Turney, the different por
tions of the Presidents Message Vvcro referred to
the several Standing Committees.
AUMKD OCCUPATION OF FLORIDA.
This hill, from Ihe Committee on Military Af
fairs, was the order of the day and it was tailed
up on the motion of Mr. Clay of Ala., who was
entitled to the floor. Mr. Clay’s speech was de
signed as a reply to the remarks of Mr. Preston,
and as a defence of tho conduct of the general
government in its military operations in Florida
and tho Crec . countiy. Mr. C. thought that
Mr. Preston had reflected somewhat upon the
conduct of Gen. Jessup. Gen. Jessup, he said,
was ready to have his conduct investigated by
Court Martial or by Committee of the Senate.—
He was a brave officer, and he felt bo-ml to de
fend him. If there was ground of censure, Mr.
Clay said it did not fall upon the Administration
nor upon Gen. Jesnp, but, ns Mr. Clay seemed
to intimate, upon Gen Scott. There was no in
efficiency, he also contended, on the part of the
War Department norot the Executive. Both,
he thought, were without censure.
Mr. Clay enlarged upon the character of tho
bill before the (Senate, He believed it the cheap
i st remedy for (be settlement of dilficulties which
could lie adopted, and altogether the safest. He
also ilelended the character of the Alabama citi
zen soldiers, ivlio bud been called by Gen (Scott
and others into service. Many of the citizens of
bis .State were us brave as tho re who conquered
the Indians originally in Tenues ee ami Ken
lucky. Many of lhem. he thoug'it, would avail
themselves of the provision < of tho bill before the
Senate. After Mr. Clay bad concluded Mr.
Benton proposed a verbal amendment, which was
a-lopi. d.
The bill was then ordered to a third reading.
From Ihe Xational Intelligencer.
January 9th.
NEW JKHSKT CONTESTED ELECTION,
This being the first business in order, Mr.
Bolts, of Virginia, who was entitled to the floor
was pto ccihng to address the House; when
Mr. Holfinan rose and said that il would be re
collected that the repoit of the Committee on tin
Rules had been male (he spenal order f i dm
d y it one o'clock. He understood that the rules
h.ol only been now pnnteil, ami that a proposi
tion wal about to be made to extend the lime un
til 10-in rrow. lie gave notice that at one u clock,
h - slviU'd m )vo the special order. He made (bis
s memo,nmu ofcoonesy lo the gentleman from
Virg uia, in order tnat, if there was an intention
to move a further extension of die time, iht gen
ilonian ought take his sole, lion either to have die
motion disposed of before he commenced his re
marks. or to proceed with them until the hour ot
one had arrived. File lulls and orders would ex
pne to-morrow.
Mr. Bolts having indicated his wish now to
proceed, addressed the House at great length on
the subject ot Hie contested election generally.
[At half past one Mr. Hoffman called up the
special order above icferred to, and, on motien of
Mr. Cave Johnson, the consideration ofthe rejiori
of the eommiilee was postponed until Tuesday
next; was made the special order for that day, a,
otic o'clock; and the present rules were ordered to
be continued in fo.ee until Thursday next.]
Mr. Botls having comluded his s|a.vcli —
Mr. Randolph, of New Jersey, addressed the
Chair, win n
Mr. Monroe, of N. V., claimed the floor, inas
much as Hr. R. badspok n repeatedly before.
i’iio Chair reminded Mr. H. that though Mr.
Ru idolpll bad repeat- dly addressed the House on
(be general su >j«ct. yet it haJ not been on the
present resolution.
Mr. faiulolpli .misting on h i right to the floor
he warn pennut ■d to proceed, an I went into a de
tailed hi-lory of the entire .V.J.ia-u-, quoting
d teamen:* an I ea'ling for the reading oi alfida
vita, un il past 4 o'elo k, when a m dion was
made t ■ adjourn, and negatived by yeas and nays:
Veas C'4, nays 104.
After more alfidavita had been leid, ths motion
was renewed, and again loet; Yean 68, nay*%<
78.
The reading having been resumed, and much
uneasiness liemg manifested, Mr. R. himself
moved to adjourn, anil the motion was at length
carried ; Yeas 67, nays 58.
Ho the House, at near 5 o’clock, adjourned.
('orrmiiunden.ee of the National Intelligencer.
New Y'ohk, Jan. 8.
The packc* ship lowa, from Ha-re, Decemucr
8. furnis.iesus with Haris papers of the 7lh. All
i France is in a ferment over the news from Africa
which a telegraphic despatch was reporting to lie
i worse. The spirit of the nation is up, and offi
cer and soldier are panting to cross the Mediter
ranean to meet the forces of Alslelel Kader and
his Aral) crew. These Arabs are quite as trou
i hlesome.a id quite us costly, as ou' Seminole*. —
They wont slay defeated; and when they appear
most put down, of a sudden they most put them
selves up. The reinforcements arc moved for
ward with all speed. Nothing else is talked of
hut the war.
The news furnished by this arrival, though
three days later from Paris, presents nothing re
markable. Lyons is in a sulfering condition, and
the reaction of American misfortune* has been
great upon the mniufa.nuiing establishments
there. Uankiuptcies are common, indeed, thro’-
oul France.
From the East the dates arc later. The
younger Ibrahim ha* obtained a splendid victory
over the Imam of Jabsob. Ibrahim is a son ot
Mehemet Ali. This pushes the power of Ali to
ward the English uossession of Aden. The
I urkish charter created a great sensation at Al
exandria.
The dates arc also latter from unhappy Spain.
Ihe Capitol is quiet. Tnereis nothing from the
army.
i'ne reduction of pi stage upon letters, which
has commenced in England, is likely to be imitat
ed on the Continent. Prussia and Austria are
both meditating an adoption of the English
plan.
The cotton market was flat at Havre, and there
was a s ighl decline since the last weekly report
by the last arrivals.
The Evening Post to-day publishes a letter
from Boston, which declares that the Committee
ot the Legislature have counted the voles for
Governor, and I.mod Mr. Morton to be elected
by am ij inly of four. Os course the Globe will
rejoice ovei this, avowed Abolitionist though
Governor Morton be.
•Stocks are down to-day again—a fancy move
ment. Exchange on London varies from 107
to 108 i, which is obtained for prime hilN. This
is under the par of exchanges, and shows a sale
state of things as to importations, orders, &c.
Franklin Disthigi'.—lt was reported yes
terday, that the official returns of the election in
the Sixth Congressional District have been ex
amined by the Governor and Council, and that
Mr. Baker is chosen. It is said that the voles of
the town of Leverett were rejected for illegality,
in Leverett there were 35 voles for Baker, 43
l ,r Dickinson, and 33 scattering— Button Daily
'Advertiser.
Correspondence of the Philadelphia North American
New Y'ohk, Jan. 6, 3 p. m.
I do not And that the news has inflm need any
thing but stocks. There has in this department
been a general advance, and United Slates Dank
-h ires have been more liberally treated than any
other stocks, arid have advanced to 84, being 5 J
per centabove the price on Saturday. Flour and
Cotton remain without alteration. The general
impression respecting the news is that it is favo
rable, especially in regard to money affairs, tho’
money was still very scarce in England. Confi
dence is returning in Europe towards American
securities; and we shall very soon, I prophecy,
have more credit in Europe than we ever had.
There will be no difficulty about our Slates
getting terribly in debt, if they have a mind to
do so. But I hope the check they have now re
ceived will at least set them to thinking. Ex
change, both foreign and domeslis, I quote as at
the close of last week.
Correspondence of the U. S. Gazette.
New York, Monday, p. m.
All stocks have materially improved to-day.—
U S. Bank shares have advanced 4J a 5 per ct.
This is in consequence of the English news ic
ccived yesterday, which is considered to be deci
dedly favorable to the Bank and to American
stocks generally.
Some sales of Sterling Bills were made to-day,
at 8 a 8J The prin ipal business, however,
was done at BJ. Nothing occurred in ftancs;
the quotation of them is 5f 27J a 35.
Domestic exchanges are rather of dull de
mand, but no change igi rates. Money is rattier
easier, but the price paid for its use is still about
the same.
Though we had a very full attendance on
change, little business was actually transacted.—
There p evaded bowe-er a good deal of anima
ti m. and merchandize was much enquired after.
Flour is held at a shilling advance.
John Vaughan. Esq. of Philadelphia, on the
Ist inst. resigned the various Vice Cunmlships
held by him for a very long period. Sweden and
Norway, Portugal, Austria, and Braz I, were all
represented in that city by Mr. Vauzhan. Rich
ard Seldner, Esq. has been appointed Vice Con
sul of Sweden and Norway. John Devereux,
Esq. the same fur Brazil; and Daniel J. Des
mond, Esq, has received the appointment of Con
sular Agent for Portugal, and will exercise the
functions of Vice Consul for that Government.
We shall notify the appointment of the Austri
an Consular Agent in a few days.— National
> azette.
From the lietf ist (Irish J Northei n Whig.
Ii uiied Matos luniks.
CAUSE ANU EFFECT OF TIIKIH SUSPENSION OF
SPECIE PAXMENTS.
We turn to toe general question involved in
the suspension of specie payments by the United
Males dunk, and otoer Banks nr itie United
Mutes. The failure of this or that Bank, wheth
er in the United Males or m ihiscuuntry, ruinous
as it may Ire, is hui as dust in toe balance, compar
ed with the great question of the currency me
mode of regulating the circulating medium on
itie e Uibnsnineiu, untrue piuiciples, of which
de|rends the well-being of every man engaged in
meicanlile or monetary ojieration, in both coun
tries. We s.iull enter nu farther ou Hits point, at
present, than to direct attention to the tael, that
tue general lailure, so tar us it may be called a
failure, of the Banks in the United Mates, has
been toe result ot the same tause »vhicl. has up
date I to the embar.as-ment of financial affairs
in this country, —namely, the impossibility of
i representing it’s monetary and trailing transac-
I tioos in bullion.
I We find, in the account of the United States
Bank « assets, an item of 4uo.un. I sterling, m
s(>ecie; a sum mi*, raldy inadequate to represent
even us notes and deposits; and yet, no one. we
will venture lo sav, will affirm, that, because this
Bank possesses only this small amount in specie,
it is, mereiute, insolvent; its insolvency, if msoi
-1 vency it should prove to lie, is attributable m oth
er causes. But it is a tact, notorious, unit it is in
consequence of the want ol gold, hy the nank of
England, ol its endeavors to get :t, and ol its
measures to cause its return lo this country, that
the geuerai American distress has betn lira nly
occasioned. It is lelt, i n viewing the account of
; the United Males Bank, that it is not gold uratP
i ver that it needed for the carrying ou ol its affairs.
I I hut some representative of the values which it
possessed. It is to this point that we arc desir
ous of directing the reader’s attention; namely,
that, admitting all the assets, excepting the single
item ol specie, avail them nothing in their pres
ent dhficulty, inasmuch, us in attempting to (urn
them into money, they find that the law of the
land has prescribed, that there shall be only one
sort of money, metallic money, to represent all
the values, and all the monetary and trading
transetions of the United Males; and which
amount of metallic money, when the necessity
| arises, is insufficient to represent a hundredth part
lot such values and transactions. And hero we
I have to apeak of the effect of the proceedings ol
! the Bank of England on the convertible value of
American property. The Bank of England, as
is well known, has been compelled, by its obliga
tion. to pay its notes, on demand, in gold, ts take
measures for preventing the egress of gold, and
for facilitating its importation. Wito this view,
it lias successively struck at different interests,
accordingly as it considered that their proceedings
were influential, in causing gold to leave this
country, or to prevent us return. In their turn,
the American trade and properties have been thus
put down. It was found by the Bank, tliat Us
bullion was flowing away in the direction of the
United Mates; to throw difficulties in the way ol
this proceeding, was the endeavor, therefore, ol
the Bank of England, not that the American se
curities were bad, or, that they were not fully
worth the money that they look away but be
cause they took away the gold money, and the
Bank of England, that had not sufficient us this
gold money to represent value for its own opera
tions, could nut spare any to the Americans. By
the measures which the Bank us England was
obliged to take, to secure itself, the amount ol
tho circulation generally was lessened, and Un-
American produce and property were considera
bly depreciated. 'The effect was this; either
American securities and produce were nut bought
at all,or less was given for them; and,in the lat
ter case, less being given for them, it was inure
profitable to pay them in English produce, than
with English gold; so, that, to such extent, the
gold was kept in tiiis country. We shall present
ly have to speak of the cllect of this general de
preciation of American property, as affecting the
payment of their debt in this country ; at pres
ent, we wish to confine our attention to the con
sequences whiclr result from our present system
ot currency, which, from lime to tunc, renders it
necessary to lessen the amount of the circulating
medium; and suddenly, arbitrarily, undunjuslly,
to depreciate the value of every man’s property,
and to render it more nr less difficult, and often
impossible, to procure m mey to repicgcnt it.
We have shewn, then, that the depreciation of
American property lias been caused, mainly, if
not entirely, by the impossibility which exists in
America, to represent their property in a metallic
money:—the properly c.lists—there is no doubt
of that; but theic is a want of metallic money
to represent it; —and we have shewn, also, that
the want us metallic money in America Iras been
mainly, if ti-t entirely, produced by the uc-.ra
tions of the Bank of England, which has been al
so in Want of metallic money ; and which, being
the stronger body, has drained the weaker one of
its gold and silver. So that it appears, that the
obstinacy of both countries, in persevering in tiiis
system of currency, winch occasionally requires
more than all the metallic money ol the world to
rapresent it, is at the bottom of tire mischief.
Thus, there is a continual struggle going on in
this country, mid in America, between the indus
try and energy of their inhabitants, —ihe struggle
of production; and ti e creation of wea.th, against
the monetary system of both countries, winch is
continually beating down this industry and ener
gy, and preventing the creation of wealth, by its
arbitrary restrictions. England nianulai-tures,
and America produces; this, the result of labour,
constitutes wealth to cither nation, as the popula
tion increases, and as the wants of the population
increase, there is tire opportunity for further man
ufacture ami further production ; but if, in each
country, there is enacted an arbitrary law, that
the values of the interchange ol such uniiuliii turc
or production sha 1 always be representable in a
particular sort of money, which does not increase
in the same proportion, one of two things must
take place: either such manufactures or produc
tions must he limited to the amount of money
which exists to represent their interchange; or
manufactures and productions, being community
increased by the demands for them of the increas
ing populations, their values in their interchan
ges must he deranged, as often as the necessity
occurs,—no matter from what causes,—of repre
senting them by this limiled amount of metallic
money. And such, precisely, is theeffeet, period
ically ; —such has lieen the elfsct, in the present
instance, of the embarrassment us the American
currency The “law money,” the metallic mon
ey, is wanted ; it is not procurable, because it
does not exist; —but the law is peremptory, and
will have property represented by this limited
sort of money; property, therefore, falls in value ;
in value, us it is called, hut. as we contend, in the
• law” money value only : its real value remains
'the same, but the effect on th-e h dders of the pro
perty. whose business operations compel them to
exchange for as much ot the small amount ol gold
money as they can procure, is the loss mill ruin
which wc observe taking place around us.—Hoi
ding these opinions, we must say, that, applying
them to the case of the Banks in the United Mutes,
we think their abandonment ol tbe attempt to pay
their debts in a metallic money, win b is not pro
curable, is the best step they could take, under
the circumstances. Had they persisted in the
endeavour to pay in metallic money, they would
only have increased their difficulties, and added
to their losses; and its fifed would have been,
generally, on America, most ruinous ; for the
consequence of such an attempt would have been
to cause all Ameiican goods to full to almost noth
ing; anJ the balance being against America, in
, favour of this country —that is to say, America
debt to this country, which snemiust pay
by produce—the result would have beNu that
nave paid to her English crediSe-s,
goods, ul a low price, which she hud contractor
at a high price ; and would thereby ha'c paid
her debt two or loree times over, in proportion to
the depreciation of her produce. This would
have been manifestly a cruel and glaring injustice
to the Americans; for viewing the case between
f. the two nations as between two individuals, it
, would be as if the creditor who had lent his mon
) ey on the security of property estimated at a eer
i lain value, were, by bis combinations, to cause
i that property to lie depreciated to half its value,
| and so take double the property in satisfaction of
his debt. .Such woulu now he the injustire inflic-
I ted on America, had she submitted to pav her
[ debt, at its appreciation in a metallic money value.
I m this time of metallic money scarcity. In fact,
j she would have to pay two bales of cotton instead
I of one. or some such proportion. This, we say,
I would be an injustice inflicted on America which
k we arc quite sure is neither nationally nor inch
-1 viduallv desired. By the suspension of specie
; payments, the value.-of all sorts of property in
j America, will be supported, and her merchants
I w II be tbe better able, and mine quickly, to dis
j charge tbeir debt to this country. We will add
; that, had the Bank ol England been able to take
1 this step some months ago, most of the embarrass
j ment winch ha- taken place throughout Einope.
| in consequencu ot Ihe measures us the Bank ol
| England, to keep g. Id in this country, would
have lieen prevented. With respect to the cau
ses which have led to the general embarrassment
of me monetary operations of the United States
as well us of this cou.itry. we have endeavoured
to shew that the same cause has produced tin
same elfeots in l*)lh countries; and. if we succeed
in .ou-.ng the public attention to an evil which
1 is cona.anlly at work, from tbe action u. which no'
J\\yV A
man is safe, whiPn is continually disttming>ihd
deranging all the calculations ol trade anil com
merce, mid which, in the present instance, has
nearly led to a national bankruptcy both in Eng
land and in America—a national bankruptcy in
tbe two principal commercial nations in the
world, abounding in existing wealth, and in the
means of indefinitely increasing it—we shall con
sider, that we have not offered the present obser
vations in vain. Our object is, to excite inquiry
m’n the practical won ing of our present system
of currency. When tha: object is effected, we
have no doubt of the result, and our path will be
straight and smooth before us.— Cuur.er.
FnioATE United States. —We have before
staled that this frig te, after having been fitted
out at the Charlestown navy yard for a three
years’ voyage, at an expense of £82,000, ha i
been condemned at New York as unfit to go to
sea. It appears from a statement in tbe Evening
Post that on her arrival at the latter port, Cum.
Ridgely called a survey upon her guns and shot.
It was found that her shot were so ancient and
from rust reduced in size that hardly a .y of them
fitted the camion fur which th >y were intended,
while from the same reason the bores and touch
holes of the cannon prop.) tionably enlarged. In
short, a great part of the battery was reported un
serviceable. Upon further examination her tran
som and apron, the two most important parts of
the ship, upon which the wales and bottom
planks, in other words the most important part i
of the ship’s frame are secured, turn out to be
rotten. A second survey upon the ship is called,
and it is pretty well understood that their report
has condemned the whole vessel as unscaworlhy.
From the Georgia Journal.
Legislative Sketches.— Continued.
2d January, 1840.
Dear :—ln our last, we gave you some
busty sketches of the most conspicuous debutants
in ttie House of Representatives. Wc now tul
fil our promise by extending our notice to the
Semite Chamber. The Senate lias lost gieatiy
in strength since the winter of’37 It .hen c »m
--prehended a large number of talented men, Ilian
during any year within our recollection. There
are. however, some .ew men in this body now,
who would have done honor to it at any period
of its history. Beginning alphabetically, tliefirsi
Senator whom we will notice, is
Mr. Alexander, of Merriwethcr.—With a
very partial acquaintance with this gentleman,
we have not been enabled to mark the peculiari
ties of his mind as we could have wished. Very
modest—very unpretending—he rarely lakes tne
floor; —whenever he dues, he secures Hie atten
tion us the Senate, hy the solidity ot his malt. r.
and the perspicuity wth which it is staled. We
cannot class him with eloquent men. but lie is
entitled to a high rank among the cool, culm and
reflecting. There is nothing dazzling about him,
but every thing to command our respect.
Mu. Billups, of Oglethorpe.— Were a strang
* er, somewhat of a physiognomist, to cast Ins
eyes from the gallery down upon the uncovered
members of the iSenute, witii a view, colijeelu
rally, to fix upon the most distinguished, we ven
ture the belief that they would thialiy rest upon
this gentleman. We love to look upon his high,
bce.hng forehead, as delicate and as white us
those preparations of wax which we have occa
sionally seen in an anatomical room. Wc gaze
upon his large, lustrous, black eyes, so beuutilul
when the depths of the heart are not stirred up
by the storm of excitement, with a soil of wond
er— and ask ourselves, il enkindle! with passion,
would they nut bun: witii their bright flashes all
tliatthey might tad upon. His face is striking—
something Cassius like, and pale with thought.
He speaks but seldom. Day after day have we
lounged into -he lobby and gallery of the Senate
with the hope to find him on his feet, and almost
always have we returned disappointed to the oth
er bull. We have known Air. Billups’ powers
lirr many years. Wo remember him whilst in
Franklin College, and have never forgotten the
impressions which his oratory then made upon
us. Wc then formed high expectations ul the
brilliant career he was to run. We have been
disappointed; he is not wlial he should have
been, but it is easily solved. He is a man of
wealth, and without ambition. When wt look
upon him, we feel disposed to curse wealth as an
evil, (though, by the bye, it is the very thing for
which we are now toiling,)—wealth that “one is
heir to.”
Mr. B. is not yet in the meridian of life.—
With years, many years, before senility shall
have dimmed the faeuhties of his mind, we hope
to see him yet (breed by the public voice from
that retirement in which he has hid away the tal
ent committed to his care. As a speaker, he is
by far the most accomplisned on tbe Senate floor.
Though somewhat accustomed to hearing un
moved public speaking, wc have been hurried
along by Mr. B. till we found ourselves without
our reason, acting, or ready to act by impulse,
under the influence of the emotions winch he has
awakened. Wc should car ourselves, were we
a judge, and he an advocate addressing us in
some of those deeply inle esting cases which are
illicit to be found in our halls us justice. What
an eloquent advocate he would have made fur a
- plaintitTin a crini. cun. case !
Du. Branham, of Putnam.—This gentleman
is extensively known to the people of Georgia.—
days long past, he acquired a reputation tor po
litical intrigue, whit h has adhered to biui like
the shirt ot Nessus. Hud the Doctor been bred
| lo the law, and his strong natural faculties in-
I vigoraicd by its searching analysis, he would
have been a prodigy lor suitilty. Ilcbusb.cn
long on tbe poliUul stage; and wc arc disposed
, to think his bypot hondriacism, if not ill health,
will ere long lead him to abandon it.
i Mr. Gordon, of i hathain, is a very rrmarka
, able man. In person, especially about the head,
he bears a striking resemblance to Mr. JobuC,
t Calhoun. When we say remarkable, we do not
speak of any preeminence in menial endowments,
I but in those bans ol character, which strike the
i*most cursory observer. With agood.discrimina
, tng mind and a clear judgment, we cannot, how-
I etc; view linn as an interesting spea- cr—he is by
. no means fluent—has a bad voice, and a very ile
i fcctive elocution. His only care and ambition is
t lo make himself understood. His perseverance
. is o.' an indomitable character—he is neither lo
lie disheartened nor dete red by a failure in any
. thing be attempts. He renews Ins efforts again
and again, as if lie was convinced that he could
I wear the marble ssepe cade into. Decision churdc
. trrizes every word, every act of this Senator.—
r This virtue is in him pu-hed (o excess. So pro
, niinent is it. that with many it is termed down
, ridht übs inney. We consider hi u very deficient
I in lact. and infinitely below his immediaie prede
cessor from Chatham in tfiat useful—we will not
i call it art, but—science. Mr. G. is a very deci
ded parly man. If this were all. we could ad
. mire him for being so—but he is a bit er one,
, with scarce a spice of liliernlity in his opposition.
, Now this is a fault—it is a stain upon the repu
tation of any gentleman in these tunes , since the
scorohii g flaims of Nullification areextinet, even
, in the region in which that volcano first poured
. forth its eruptions. We could pardon tt.cn his
lieing Union mad. as we have ever hud no small
I I >ve for it. The strifes and divisions of that era
| should terminate. “Sufficient unto the day was
the evil tin reof.” Mr. G. has too elevated a po-
L siliun in Georgia, to drudge in the ranks ul fac
tion, as if he were a mere party hack. Whatad
-1 vaneeinent doth he look for? If any, we would
beseech him to take to another ladder upon which
| to mount. Wc have ever had great personal re
ga d for this gentleman. We snceiely respeet
(■ ilie nianyjand sterling virtues of his chaiacter.—
Wc know too that he haa the esteem of the en-
„af inftligrntlShT very p arl , from
winch he separated, when (bat apple of discord
was thrown into the rank- of the old Troup par
ly. Identified with a magnificent work-even
the very soul of it-it w,l| Ire a proud monument
to his honor, and o( incalculable advantage to
that most beautiful of cities, our own Savannah
We would entreat him, fiom our State pride—
trom our fervent attachment to the city ot Ogle
thorpe— to adopt towards his political opponents
a line of conduct marked by more conciliation.-
ie has to our knowledge made men inimical to
b^n grea . el “‘“; PriSC Wl ‘° ,m « hl as easily have
cen mode, withouta c j nproiniiment of principle,
it friends. Let Mr. G. review his own legisla
tive experiente|or the last four years, and if mem
a imsl’of able 0 "" 6 ’ W ‘! I,rra - v U P”" "s mirror
a boat ol able men opposed to him by party de.
signal ion. the first and foremost to aid him in ev
ery important work, and when standing solitary
Bat a n nd° 1 H , h,BS,de ° f V“ S, ' n “ le - "■*" the
’ a,, d Huntiegana, and Cones, hold the seep- ,
lufflr Z ar,l!r d r he 10,,k f - “ and '
i "But enough; we houe our friend Gor
don wdl amend his ways. *
T W
l.u: Fl’tuhk. ,Vl. De Tocqueville, in his
ot.h‘r raCy An,er l ica >” B P eakti ", the destiny
I L dst et *t, iii Hu* lohownig lUUIi
“ 1 here are, at the present time, two great na
tions in the world, watch seem to lend towards
the same end, altltough they started from differ
ent points ; 1 allude to the Kusstans and Ameri
cans, both of lliern have grown up unnoticed
el-cwllere T ‘T* 1 "' ~,i,nki,,d directed
ilsewhere, tney have suddenly assumed a most
= ..entp,ace among the nations; at.dTe
““ d lbe,r Brealne “
All omer nations seem to have nearly reached
her na.u ai limits, and ,mly to be chaicd wit!
,i rr ~u,r i,ien l* l
s odd I srowib ; all the others are
iS; f ,h C,,l, ' ,nUt l ° a d va,lCe with extieme
dim.uhy , these are proceeding with ease and
wit.l ce.enty along a path to vvni.-l, t!l e nun.an
cytean asstgn no.erui. The A mem an strug-
Z “ a Ural ( . -'dch oppoL
Him, the adversaries ot tiie Russian arc men
heiormer combats the w.lderm-ss and s “s2
fa U-‘‘t’| WV,laat ' 0U ’ WU “ a " l “ e
ore gamed' the om ' *«>- ‘..ere
-r""
on In* i• ' * American relies
on his personal interest to accomplish hi. ends
and gives tree scope to the ungu.ded exeilnms
and common sense ot citizens; the Russian cen
.ts a.I the authority of society in a s.ngle arm ;
Ihe principal instrument ol the former is IV,-e
--d0,.. ot tiie. latter, servitude. 'Their starting
point is ditlercnt, and tliei- courses are not the
same; yet each of Uicn seems to lie marked out
h«i. tL w gi!.:;,>- Hejveu to sway iiie d - tini - " f
Mn. Van- Buhkx isii Vs«. Aiiams.— Extract
of a letter dated Washington. Dec. 28.—f called
to day to pay my respects to the President, and
round him fas I hope f may be allowed without
in ecoruin or impropriety, to mention mv visit )
to be ‘ 111 good health and spirits.” He looks a
little older than when I saw him last, and his
face is rather more furrowed and cate worn. But
he still wears “ the everlasting smile.” for wh eh
he is famous, and which, in my opinion, does
not add dignity or openness to his c0u.,1. mine,
He conversed nff.ldy and pleasantly, but with
weariness ami caution. I found ope of his new
Nulhfynig friends with him, and left the same
friend still lingering behind, when I departed 1
walked through some of the moms in the Presi
dents House. They arc most magnificently
turnished. lam told that the carpets, curtains
and mirrors in the East room. now. are worth
more than all the furniture that was in the wh >le
house when John Q. Adams was President.
And yet Mr, Adams was a spendthrift, aristo
crat . and Mr. Van Burcn is an economical
democrat!
A Prefect Madman !—A man his been
confined in the Philadelphia Asylum (or the In
sane, tor picking a printer’s pocket! He must
have been bereft of bis senses, to undertake to
rob a printer.
Origin- or Slander.—Mother Jasper told
me that she heard Greaiwo si’s wife say that
John Smith’s aunt men toned to her that Mrs.
Lu-ly was present when the widow Barknian
said that Hcrtall’s cousin thought Ensign Doo
little’s sister believed that old Miss Oxlev reckon
ed that Sam Trifle’s better half had told Mrs.
Spaulding that she heard John Rheumer’s wo
man say that M rs. Genden had two husbands!!
Bkau Brvnmkll.—ft will be matter of news I
to many peisons to hear that tins “..ace ct-lei,rat
ed person, the arbiter eteganl.arunt of George
IV., when Prince of Wales, and the glass m
winch the yoiitn—that is the fashinablc youth of
England, did (in those times,; dress themselves.”
is now in a place set apart lor those who labor
under mental derangement, at Caen, in Norman
dy. she admiied of all admirers is existing on
ihe almost extorted benevolence of relations, and
the contrib tiuns ot old friends. The whole
amount ot his income is scarcely jElllti a yeai.
Poor George! How differently must his luxu
ries be now to what tiny once were! jElno a
year for one who begun file with a good fortune,
hi-fi* expectations, great connections, and prince
ly pilronagc! The ruling passion .eignstn- k
umphanteven in the walls of arn id Inu e. Urau
Biuniniell st.ll imagines himseh a tine gentle
man and asst,mes ad the airs and importance of
bis by-gone popularity and good fortune.
Amongst other feats he rings the bell of his solita
ry apartment continually, file keeper, who with
great tkoni.niity tiuinois h.s inssinlv, asks wiiat
commands? -Order my carriage,” says the
light of other days; - I must go directly to Carl
ton House to sec the Prince.”
coimgnees pel Month Carolina Hail Unnd.
Hamburg, January 13, IS4O.
.1. G. Dunlap; J W. Houghton; Clark, ivaekett
St Co.-, A. Danforth; Itrochon at U ; I Dwells;
Earle . Co.; A. Kredciick; w . M. Frazer; flees at
heal'; \V .1. Vin ent; W. St J. Nelson; 1. S. beers
A- Co; S. Kneelaml St .-on; Hiird «. Howland; B.
VV. , 6,'ce; J. Davidson; bto.-ail, Simmons St Co;
Rankin. Itoggs it Co ; I . -A. iii. ha.ds; C. A. Platt;
G. McLaughlin; VV E. lackson; E. D. Cooke; E.
«t .1. Snyoei; D. Plunkett; J Usbe ; Caber it
Rooney; <!. Parrott; Anderson & j ointg; J. K. lien
sun; Dicirson it Sion - .
M AIUNK I\Ti:j.LKiKi\CE.‘" '
Savannah, Jan. If.
Cleared— Brig Audebon, hicklint, Havana.
Arrived —Sehrs Azures, Laiitunl, New \ ileans-
Gen vi aye, lllaekstun, do.
I Vent to sea —brigs Savannah Sbapter. Boston;
Dgletnoi pc, banners, Havana, Charles Joseph,Mau
ran, Havre.
( HARLESTON, Jan. 13.
Arrived on yesterday -Bt >iup Erut (,u uragh,
Sumptuii.St. I homas; tr.igs Helen, Adams, rVes
rastie (Me.); l,eorgc, liowhndge, New LrteaiiS;
Daniel Wooster, Auams,r:u ; sebr Export,t.aiuuer,
haratuna, ;La.)
i leired —.-tup James Perkins, Jlis-un, Havre;
haigne v alhalla, Antwerp; hrig l ei,\y, llami tcii,
bt ari-s; sth, j.. live,l>ruwti,i>alvestun. (Texas.)
Hint to tea yesterday— ,-bip Loug.ess, Eaton,
Havre ; in brig l ame, oulntiiie, West mdies; stlir
Acti e, blown. Brown, Ga.veston, v . e.%as.)
hel w —i.rig canton, from the Aurth
la tiie Offing —b liiji Came.ia. from i urks Island ;
Dr brig Wood,ink ; and a French brig.