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J W. x -V. S. JONES. AUGUSTA, GA., TUESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 16, 1845. VOL. IX—NOAOIT
r^.r J 11 11 mi n iin iii i ■■ lari l mimo i> ii ih »i iii i i ■ m i mi ■ m in . _ .—~
MONDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 15.
Whig Nominations.
The Convention of Delegates who met on
Saturday at the City Hall, nominated C. J.
Jenkins and William J, Rhodes as the Whig
candidates to represent Richmond county in. th? |
Representative branch of the next Legislature- I
The Whig Address.
The address to the Whig party, by a commit
tee of gentlem n appointed at the late Whig
Convention, is, as a matter of course, the sub
ject of democratic criticism, we should say, of
democratic cavil. That it would please our
opponents, or rather that portion of them, who
assumes to themselves the office of judging and
thinking lor t! e balance, no one expected. We
are therefore (says the Macon Messenger) not
ai all surprised at the wholesale abuse which
iliese critics have expended upon this docu
ment. The style and matter are both excep
tionable to them, for it treats, in a plain, unpre
tending manner, of our home affairs. Being
an address “to the people of Georgia,” and not
to the people ol the United States, it treats of
such matters as are particularly interesting to
Georgians. We are <n the eve of a State elec
tion—we have a Governor ami members of the
Legislature to elect, and not a President and
Goneress-men. Stale politics, therefore, anc
not Federal politics, constiiute the subject of
this address. The people are called upon to
oast their suff rages for Stale officers, and it is
both right and proper, that they should be in
formed of the principles and policy of those who
ate 10 conduct our State Government. Long
disquisitions upon national measures, such as
dm Tariff, the Bank, Texas, &c. (Sec., would
neither instruct nor profit. Upon these topics,
which never will wear out, ihe people expect
to be edified every two years, when they aie
'■ailed upon to vote lor Congressmen; but now
in a S'ale election, they look Ur something else.
When asked to vote for a Governor, they warq
to know what is his capacity, what are his
qualifications for the particular office of Go
vernor, and what will be the principal measures
of his administration. All this ihe committee
have done, in the address which they have had
published. They have pesenied to the people
the principles and policy on which Gov. Craw
ford relies to conduct the State Government.
These principles have been disclosed in his first
administration, and will be preserved in the
event of fds re-election. They ar ’of vital im
portance, and of primary interest to every citi
zen of Georgia. They ma be briefly ennmci
atedas follows:
The annual reduction, and final payment of
the public debt of Georgia, at the earliest prac
ticable period.
A State currency, at all limes convertible
into specie.
The obligation upon the Stale Treasury to
discharge its liabilities in convertible specie
Hinds; and upon the State to prevent the de
preciation of Central Bank bills below par
value.
The observance of a strict and rigid economy
in the expenditures of the Government.
A reduction of Taxes to the wants of Go
vernment, economically administered.
The Penitentiary a source of revenue, instead
of expense.
These are the cardinal principles, and the po
key which have distinguished the successful
and prosperous administration of Gov. Craw
ford. No one but the captious and restless po
litician can find fault with them. The people,
foe hard fisted yeomanry of the country, the men
who make their living in the sweat of their brow,
and who are most interested in a fnithful and
economical administration of the Government,
are satisfied with these principles. They are
satisfied too with Crawford, because he has done
all he promised to do, and they have no fault to
find with him. To this class of citizens, who
compose the hard working and tax paying per
son of the community, interest and prudence
* n d justice suggest the maxim, to let well alone,
ra'her than resort to wild schemes and idle ex-
Periments—to hold fast to a tried and faithful
public servant, rather than take one unknown
and untried.
Urn feeling of contentment and satisfaction
is pervading the entire Slate, is a source of
boiude and alarm to the leaders of the Demo
' ratio party. Stump speaking is not the order
01 Die day, hut the press is in full blast. Every
'foort is being made lo rouse ihe people from
theirquiet and contented mood, lo convince them
!,| at they are ruined and ground to the dust by
Whig oppression. These clamorous sentinels
niuhe watch lowers, are shouting and bawling
hie extent of their lungs to organize , organize.
IV effort is in vain—their cries, earnest and
’•''"dferuus as they' are, are known to he false
"l&vnis.
Revival.—The Montgomery Ala. Journal oi
' IP ’foil insl. says:—The extraordinary interest
■'■••nifested on the subject of Religion in this
" v , of which we have had occasion to
f '*k frequently heretofore, continues without
i ' ll ' "'em, both in the Methodist Episcopal,
‘TAm and Presbyterian churches. Indeed
' '-Mined to no denomination of Christians.
Lie Work seems lobe general, and the leel
’ pervades the entire community, to an ex
v,c * iave never before known. At least one
I |"dictl and fifty persons have professed a
I ‘ "‘-T of beari, and the power and spirit of the
Vu <d seems as little broken as the first week
1 *• commenced.
the best assurances that it is a gra-
Worlf . is Hie fact, that many of our men
01 . ’’cemne its subjects—men who, last of all
o h uukl be likely to be carried away by
aMgr*gaK3aace.-r;: ,<-sza*7Zixaa%.
the excitement of animal feeling, passion or
prejudice in any manner or under any circum
stances.
Democratic Logic.
As a specimen of the deductive mode of rea
i soning adopted by some of the conductors of the
| Democratic press, (if it were our habit, says
the Macon Messenger, to indulge in epithets, we
perhaps might say. the sapient conductors of the
press,) is sometimes in substance as ihe follow
ing: Mr. Berrien during the Presidential can
vass, made clivers speeches in different North
ei n cities, in favor of tiic Whig side. Governor
Crawford is on the same side of politics with
Mr. Berrien, and as Mr. Berrien was once in
company with Cassius M. Clay, and must have
been polluted by ihe contact, Gov. Crawford
must necessarily have partaken of ihe infection,
as a consequence of such an association, he is
not the fit man firm Governor, If this is good
logic vve may use it mutatis mutandis, to answer
our purpose.
M. Hall McAllister, was during (lie whole
of the same summer making speeches at the
North. He disdained to stump it among the
people of his own Slate. On one of these occa
sions, he was in the city of New York, on the
same piatlorm with the abolitionist, George
Bancroft , who advocated annexation, because,
he said, it would be tiie means of abolishing
slavery. Mr. McAllister never opened his
mouth against this sentiment, nor said one word
in favor of Southern slave-holders.
It is very probable that Mr. McAllister in his
itinerating lour, visited “Federal Massachu
setts.' Ii so, he was the cheek by jowl associ
ate of Marcus Morion, the leading Democrat in
Massachusetts, and Mr. Pnlk’s Collector of the
city of Bos'rn, whose opinions on the peculiar
institutions ot the South, may be inferred from
the following extracts:
“ I deem slavery to he the greatest curse, and
the most portentous evil w hich a righteous God
ever inflicted upon a nation.”
“ That Congress has the control of the whole
subject (slavery in the District of Columbia,) I
entertain no doubt.”
“In relation to the admission ot new States,
with the power to hold slaves, I need no more
than refer to my recorded votes against the ad
mi sion ot Missouri with this power.”
And Duncan, the notorious Duncan, the file
leader of the Democrats in Ohio, delivered him
self in the following strain ;
“There isno man living, perhaps, more dead
ly hostile to slavery than I am.”
Such were the sentiments avowed and utter
ed by Mr. McAllister’s coinpagnons du voyage ,
while they were itinerating together the North
ern Stales in the Presidential campaign ot 1844.
Now according to democratic logic, and the
good old rule, that a man is known by Ihe c mipa
vy he keeps, we can safely arrive to the conclu
sion. that from his associates, Mr. McAllister
is not the fit man for the office of Governor of
Georgia. But our conclusions are not merely
inf rcntml. We have his own avowed and pub
lished declarations to go upon. Mr. McAl
lister, when he was no candidate and honest
ly spoke the sentiments of his heart, charged
a large portion of the people of Georgia
with the nefarious and abominable design
of interfering, at some future time, with
our rights, meaning our rights of slavery. He
declared, that in a few years, in the wheatgrow
ing region of the State, “a peculiar species of
labor may and will be entirely dispensed with.”
He denied lo the portion of our citizens in that
region of the State, any sympathy in common
with us. Should “our rights” be invaded, he
declared, that they were not the people to whom
wo were to look lor protection. “ What then
v:iH become of our rights, left to the supreme
sovereignly of a major Uy of the people of the. Slate.”
This was the exclamation made by M. H. Mc-
Allister, on the -Irh of July, 1843. This supreme
majority of the Stale whom he then libelled as
not trust worthy, as unsafe defenders of our rights,
he is now, with honied words and bland smiles,
soliciting for their suffrages ! We shall soon
see how he succeeds with his blarney.
Laughable. — Prentice, ofth Louisville Jour
nal, indulges his humoral the expense of Brough,
the editor of the “ Cincinnati Enquirer.”—
Brough, it seems, having become interested in
astronomy, desired lo take an observation of
the moon through the new telescope at the Ob
servatory, which is said to be a veiy splendid
instrument. Prentice tells the story thus:
He took his seat and began his astronomical
observations. There were several gentlemen
standing near him, who were greatly edified by
the running commentary he kept upon what he
saw. He recoiled from the telescope after he
had looked into it a moment, and swore he saw
the ugliest thing ever made. Again he looked
and said I see something that looks like a
man no, it s more like a baboon dressed up in
human clothes. Jehu! what an ugly mouth; it
looks as if it had fed on nothing but green per
simmons and horse radish for a month, lis eye
lids keep falling down as if it was afraid to look
an honest man in face. One eye squints and
the other jumps about like a pea on a hot sh vel.
The critter’s humps are awful, the lying bump
sticks out like a wen, and the stealing bump is
so big ihat he’d make a mighty bad customer
for a bank. I’ll swear that if that is the man in
the moon I’m looking at, the old fellow had bet
ter wear a mask. Mr. Mitchell,” continued
Brough, taking his eye from the telescope, “is
the fellow the man in the moon ?” As Brough
very innocently put his interrogation to the pro
fessor, l lie whole company, which had been con
vulsed witii laughter while listening to the edi
tor’s brilliant astronomical remarks, roared
aloud. For five minutes there stood Brough
looking as vacant as an apple dumpling at the
uproarious customers, wondering what had got
into the fellows. At length, one of the compa
ny having become sufficiently composed, said.
“ Why, Brough, you’re hoaxed.”
“ Hoaxed !” repealed Brough, looking as flat
as one of his own editorials.
“Yes, hoaxed.” replied the astronomer.
“You iiavc been looking at yourself.”
And this was true, for some wag had slipped
a looking glass into the lube, and poor Brough,
instead of describing the man in the moon, had
I given a pretty faithful description of his own ap
pearance. He pulled his hat down over his
ugly eyes, rammed his fists into the depth of his
breeches pockets, and hanging his head in his
usual way, left the observatory, muttering
curses against astronomets, telescopes, and the
man in the moon.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
STEAMSHIP GREAT WESTERN.
I l 'our Days Later from Europe.
State of the Cotton Market—Affairs in India —
Terrible Riots in Germany—The Crops in
England.
The Great Western arrived at New York on
Tuesday evening. She sailed from Liverpool
on the 23d tilt., and experienced constant and
heavy westerly gales. This satisfactorily ac
counts for the length of her passage.
One hundred and forty-five passengers have
come out in her—a larger number than ever be
fore came in an ocean steamer.
Among the passengers in the Western, are
the Hon. D. Jenifer, late U. S. Minister to
Austria; Hon. W. Botihvare, late U. S. Minis
ter to Naples; and the Hon. C. Hughes, late U.
S. Minister to the Hague.
There appears to be no particular change in
the cotton market.
There is no news of importance from Ireland.
Affairs in France are apparently quiet.
There has been a very serious religious riot
in Leipsic.
The Jesuits cause their share of trouble in
Europe.
Advices from Switzerland state that affairs in
that unhappy country'are now near a crisis. It
will be hastened by the dispersion of the Diet.
There is nothing of importance from Spain.
There are, however, plenty of rumors of changes
in the Cabinet, &c.
We find one fact in the Spanish news worth a
thought. The Spanish government has com
menced the restitution to the clergy of the una
lienated properly of the church, and has even
included in this head property which has been
really sold, baton which the payments have not
been made. This is done with a view to con
ciliate the Pope.
Railway accidents in England have become
what steamboat explosions in the United States
have long been—too general.
The Roscius, Holtinguer, and Siddons Lad
arrived out.
Gueen Victoria’s rambles on the continent
continue.
The demand lor Canadian corn was active, in
consequence of the unsettled state of the weather.
'The overland mail arrived on the 2lst ult,
the commercial accounts by which possess no
striking feature, and may, upon the whole, be
considered favorable. Exchange was brisk,
and freights for England had improved. The
cholera was sweeping over Western India, and
hurrying its victims to their last account. At
Lahore the mortality was dreadful—bordering
on 30,000! From China there is nothing new.
Some dissatisfaction has been expressed bv
the holds rs of Pennsylvania stock, that faith
hasnot been quite kept with them in the matter
of their bonds. The payment of the interest,
they gratifyingly acknowledge, has been re
sumed, and provision has been made for the
payment of the arrears, hut the certificates of
the new stock bear interest at the rate of 4j,
whereas the former where at the rate of 5 and (5
per cent.
It appears certain, says the National, that
Louis Phillipe has several times advised Mde.
Munoz, (Gueen Maria Christina) to return to
France, It is also very positively stated, that
steps have 1 een very actively and perseveringly
taken to ensure a marriage between the Duke
de Montpensier and the Infanta Donna Louisa
Fernanda.
Her Majesty's Visit to Germany. — Maynence ,
Aug 18.—The Gueen and Prince Albert have
departed en route lor Coburg. The Gueen and
Prince travel in a close carriage and four, one
postilion, German lashion, riding one of the
wheelers, and bumping most ungracefully
along, a jolting mass «f boots, and blue and
vellow jackets. It is known that her Majesty
loves fast travelling, hut I fear that German
horses will try her patience sadly. Two ba
rouches, containing the members of her suite,
and a luggage van, followed the royal carriage,
which was escorted by a small but smart party
of Prussian Lancers. The day is lovely—a
finer never shone on the band of the Rhine.
The English Harvest. — Whatever may be
the result of the present harvest.il is, we be
lieve, unquestionable, that so tar as human ex
ertions can go, much more has been done in Ihe
last year to obtain a good produce from the land
ban was ever done before. We are not with
out s'rong hope that even yet a fair crop will
be obtained this season, certainly inferior in
quality to that of last year, but probably con
siderably more in quantity. This we say,
though we suspect that most of the accounts
from the country which tell us that as yet no
damage has been done, are more flattering than
true. Some districts have indeed been wonder
fully fortunate compared with others, but we
rather think it must be admitted that in all more
or less damage has been done to the grain crops.
On the other hand, it should be observed that
the crops were heavier on the ground at the end
ot July than they were almost ever known to
be before, and if four-fifths of the corn should
come to maturity, and be safely harvested, the
crop will still be an average one. It is also to
be observed that while last year was almost a
failure in respect to green crops and roots, this
year promises the greatest abundance in that
description of farming. Last year the difficul
ty was to find food for cattle; this year it is lo
find stock to eat the food. Upon the whole
notwithstanding the scarcity of sunshine this
year, and the abundance of wef, we mav hope
that, taking all things together, there will be a
fair average of general produce; and though
the toil and anxiety of the farmer will be great
the ultimate results will be belter than they
sometimes arc in seasons which lead to very
low prices. — London Paper, Aug. 22.
The Iron Trade. —ln 1749 the quantity of pig
iron produced in England was only 17,000 lons.
from 59 furnaces; in 1750, it had increased to
22 000 tons; in 1788 ( the amount was 68,000
tons and 121 furnaces; inflSOG, the number ol
furnaces had increased to IG9, producing 250,-
000 tons, ami in 1820, the amount of pig iron in
England was4oo,ooo tons, while, last year the
total produce of pig iron couid not have been
less than 800,000 tons, which has considerably
increased in proportion in the first six months of
the present year.
Russia and the Circassians. — We learn from
Constantinople ol the 30th ult., that intelligence
had been received there from the Caucasus, an
nouncing that the Russians had undertaken a
new campaign in Ihe interior of Daghestan.
After a vigorous resistance at Ihe entrance of a
defile, the mountaineers withdrew lo the inte
rior, and the Russians seized on the defile.
Considerable loss was sustained on both sides.
There have been insurrections in the part ol
* IX ' ■»ii-nWgBM3 | BH«f ■— ■ I I I |l MO— CB-M
Circassia which is under subjection, and near I
Anapa a Russian division was obliged to retreat
Ireland.
A public meeting was held in the Mansion
blouse, Dunlin, on Tuesday last, the Arch
bishop ol Dublin in the chair, to organize a
subscription for the relief of the sufferers at
Quebec.
At a meeting held at Armagh, lor the pur
pose of recommending that place as the site of
the college for Ulster, the Right Rev. Dr. Crol
ly. G. Primate, spoke of the bill as having
been amended by government on the recom
mendation of the Roman Catholic prelates in
a manner “calculated to afford general satisfac
tion,” and declared his willingness to give the
system a fair trial.
An Irish Roman Catholic priest has project
ed, with the favor of the Mexican government,
the establishment of an Irish colony on the bay
of San Francisco, California.
France.
Paris and its vicinity were visited on Tues
day by a tremendous hurricane, which brokeor
tore up by the roots trees of large dimensions,
and did other extensive damage. The wind
was still high on the 21st ult., but the weather
was fine.
Accounts from Rouen state that a large facto
ry was blown down by the hurricane of Tues
day, two hundred persons were said to have
been killed and wounded.
India.
The Overland Mail arrived in London on
the 20: h inst.
The cholera had re-appeared at almost every
station in Western India, and had committed
must frightful ravages on the native inhabitants
although the number of its European victims
had been comparatively small. In the Punjaub
it had made sad havoc, carrying off at Lahore
from 500 to GOO daily. At Lahore from 20,000
to 30,000 had fallen victim- to it. The rebel
lion of Peshara Singh was becoming every day
more formidable. The great body of the roya"
troops has, it is said, refused to take up arms
against him.
Germany.
Serious Religions Riots n'l Leipsic. — Accounts
from Germany give a deplorable account of the
state of Saxony and other parts of Germany, in
consequence of the religious excitement which
prevails in that country, and wtfich is every day
increasing. On the I2ih of August a very se
rious riot broke out at Leipsic, and, according
to the latest accounts, that city was still in a
state of the greatest excitement. On that day
Prince John of Saxony, the general incommarm
of the Cotnmunial Guards, arrived at Leipsic to
review the Guards. An immense crowd of the
inhabitants assembled on the occasion, who re
ceived the Prince on his arrival on the ground
with shouts, hooting, and cries of “ Viva Ronge,”
“Viva Robert Blum,” and “Down with the
Jesuits.”
The Gorman Universal Gazette has the fol
lowing from Leipsic, dated the 15th Yester
day, at five o’clock, another meeting of burges
ses and students took place. The reports of the
events of the 12th and loth were first read. The
article of the semi-official Leipsic Gazette pro
duced a great sensation, and it was resolved to
protest against the tissue of falsehoods; but the
definitive resolution was adjourned to Saturday.
M. Blum directed the attention of the meeting
to what he regarded as the must essential point,
viz: the interment of the victims. Deputations
were sent to the municipal authorities, to ask
for the town colors; to the staff of the communial
guards, inviting it to attend the ceremony; to
the military staff, to remonstrate on the con
duct of the troops during the day, and to ask
them to confine them to their barracks the next
lay; and to the railroad terminus, to receive
the deputations returning from Dresden with
the King’s answer.
The meeting next made a collection to defray
the necessary expenses. The sitting was sus
pended for an hour. The measures of the com
mittee received the general approbation. The
families of the victims determined to have but
one funeral ceremony for all, with the exception
of M. Mortmann, ol whose body an autopsy
was to be made, in consequence of his family
having lodged an action for his death. The de
putation from Dresden entered the hall at half
past nine. It was supposed that the cortege
would muster 20,000 men. The committee ful
filled their mission admirably. Every thing
passed over this morning at seven o’clock in the
utmost order. At five o’clock this morning the
Fletcher Platz was crowded with persons as
sembled to lake part in the funeral ceremony.
The procession began to move at seven. It
consisted of the command horse guards; a bat
talion of the communal foot guards; the stu-!
dents in sections; the band ol the 4ih battalion ;
the flag of the University; the commtitee ; the
armorer’s company; another band ; the various
deputations of the trades; an immense train of
burgesses and students, with flags and a de
tachment of the commune! guards. The ccr
lege proceeded along in the greatest silenre, ex
cept in passing the chateau, where cries and
threats were uttered. Some disturbance had
been feared here, but nothing took place. In
the cemetery, the coffins were placed side by
side in the same grave, and speeches were de
livered over them. The crowd withdrew in the
utmost order,”
Another letter of the same date savs—the de
putation of the Municipal Council and the
delegates of the city have returned from Dres
den. The King, who received them at noon,
was affected to tears. His Majesty said that
(his evert was one of the most cruel trials of
his life, and that he was the more grieved that
such an event should have occurred in Saxony,
and particularly in Leipsic, ns he and his family
had always pul up the most ardent prayers for
the good of the country, without violating their
duly. His Majesty added, that he was the
more hurt as the address ol the Municipal
Council contained passages which seemed to
indicate distrust.
London Money Market.
Wilmer& Smith say the fluctuations between
fineand rainy weather which have prevailed
during this week have affected the price of
stocks; in fact, every movement of trade and
commerce just now depends on the weather.
The last forty-eight hours having been deci
dedly good weather for harvest, the price ol
Consols has slightly advanced, and closes
Consols for Money and the Account lelt off 99 i
to i; Three percents reduced 99f to J. ,
Cotton Market.
From Willmer ts- Smith’s European Times. 1
Liverpool, August 22. ,
Cation. I hroughout the greater part of this
week the market has been dull, and rather lower
priceshave been taken; but yesterday and to-day *
there has been more business dc ing, and better 1
rates have been obtained, but still it is difficult to 1
sell at last weeks prices, although we cannot I
make any change in the quotations. Brazils are (
dull of sale, but without change. Egyptians are
a point lower; a sale has been made to-day of (
1009 bales at 6jd. In Jurats there has been \
a pretty good business doing at steady prices. <
4500 American, 1500 Egyptian, and 350 Surat, .
have been taken on speculation: and 3000 A me- t
rican and 150 Surat forexport. The sales of the ,
week amount to 32 040 bales. '
Another Report. '
The demand has become more limited, and '
moat descriptions were rather less saleable; hold 1
ers, however, have been tolerably firm, and the I
I market has closed with rather more steadiness
than in the early part of the week. Speculators
have taken 4550 American, 1500 Egyptians and
350 Surat, and exporters 3010 American and 150
Surat. The sales of the week are 32,040 bales
CAPTAIN FREMONT’S REPORT.
SECOND EXPEDITION. —Continue! I .
The expedition had now travelled 1,000 miles
from the Dalles of the Columbia. The descent
from the mountain was one of extreme difficulty
and danger, and accomplished under great pri
vations and sufferings. On the 25th “the
forest,” says the narrative—
“ Was imposing in the magnificence of the
trees; some of the pines, bearing large cones,
were 10 feet in diameter; cedars also abounded,
an>i we measured one 28i- feet in circumference
four feet Irom the ground. This noble tree
seemed here to be in its proper soil and climate.
We found it on both sides of the Sierra, but
most abundant on the west.”
On the 27th, and several succeeding days, we
have the following particulars of the deplorable
condition ofthese hardy adventurers ;
“We had with us a large kettle; and a mule
being killed here, his head was boiled in it for
several hours, and made a passable soup lor
famished people.
“ Below, precipices on the river forced us to
the heights, which we ascended by a sleep spur
2,000 feet high. My favorite horse, Proveau,
had become very weak, and was scarcely able
to bring himself to the top. Travelling here
was good, except in crossing the ravines, which
were narrow, steep, and frequent. We caught
a glimpse of a deer, the first animal we had
seen ; but did not succeed in approaching him,
Proveau could not keep up, anil I lelt Jacob to
bring him on, being obliged to press forward
with tiie party, as there was no grass in the
forest. We grew very anxious as the day ad
vanced and no grass appeared, for the lives of our
animals depended on finding it to-night. They
were in just such a condition that grass and re
pose for the night enabled them to get on the
next day. Every hour we had been expecting
to see open out before us the valley, which, limn
the mountain above, seemed almost at our feet.
A new and singular shrub, which had made its
appeatance since crossing the mountain, was
very frequent to-day. It branched out near die
ground, forming a clump eight or ten feet high,
with pale green leaves of an oval form, and the
body and branches had a naked appearance, as
if stripped of the bark, which is very smooth
and thin, of a chocolate color, contrasting well
with the pale green of the leaves. The day was
nearly gone; we had made a hard day’s march,
and found no grass. Towns became light-head
ed, wandering off into the woods without know
ing where lie was going, and Jacob brought
him bark.
“ Neat night-fall we descended into the steep
ravine ol a handsome creek thirty feet wide,
and 1 was engaged in getting the horses up the
opposite hill, when I heard a shout from Car
son, who had gone ahead a few hundred yards—
“ Life yet,” said he, as he came up, “life yet; I
have found a bill side sprinkled with grass
enough for the night.” We drove along our
horses, and encamped at the place about dark,
and there was just room enough to make a
place for shelter on the edge of the stream.
Three horses were lost to-day.”
On the Ist March, one of the men, named
Derosicr, who had volunteered the day before to
r cturn and bring up Gapt. Fremont’s favorite
horse Proveau, had not come back to the camp,
and uneasiness was felt at his absence, fearing
he might have been bewildered in the woods;
he, however, made his appearance in (he eve
ning;
“He came in, and, sitting down by Jlhe fire,
began to tell us where he had been. He im
agined he had been gone several days, and
thought we were still at the camp where he had
left us; and wc were pained to see that his mind
was deranged. It appeared that he had been
lost in the mountain, and hunger and fatigue,
joined to weakness of body, and fear of perish
ing in *he mountains, had crazed him. The
times were severe when stout men lost their
minds from extremity of suffering—when horses
died—-and when mules and horses, ready to die
of starvation, were killed lor food. Yet there
was no murmuring or hesitation.”
I The fate of poor Derosicr was a melancholy
one. On the 23d of March he wandered away
from the camp, and never returned to it again ;
nor has he since been heard of, Capt. Fremont
calls him one of his best men, whose steady
good conduct had won his regard.
It was not until the 4th ot March that the
travellers could be said to have surmounted the
difficulties of their descent. Wc continued,
says the narrative—
“ Rapidly along on a broad plainly beaten 1
trail, the mere travelling and breathing the de
lightful air being a positive enjoyment. Our
road led along a ridge inclining to the river,
and the air and the open grounds were fragrant
with flowering shrubs; and in the course of the
morning we issued on an open spur bv which
we descended directly to the stream. Here the I
river issuessuddr niv from the mountains, which j
hitherto had hemmed it closely in; these now I
become softer, and change sensibly their clia- |
racter; and a* this point commences the most!
beautiful valley in which wo had ever travelled, j
“Continuing the next day down the river, we !
discovered three squaws in a little bottom, and j
surrounded them before they could make their I
escape. They had large conical baskets, which |
they were engaged in filling with a small leafy I
plant (crodiumcicn/arium) just now beginning to 1 1
bloom, and covering the ground like a sward of I,
grass. These did not makeany lamentations, but IJ
appeared very much impressed wit h our appear- I
ance, speaking to us only in a whisper, and ot- j
sering us smaller baskets of the plant, which j
they signified to us was good to cat, making |
signs also that it was to be cooked by the fire. |
We drew out a little cold horse meat, and the r
squaws made signs to us that the men had gone 1
out after deer, and that we could have some by ‘
waiting until they came in. We observed that
the horses ate with great avidity the herb which I f
they had been gathering; and here also, for the ?
first time, we saw the common grass j
—one oflhe squaws pulling several tufts, and a
eating it with apparent relish. Seeing onr sur- ■
prise, she pointed to the horses; but we could
not well understand what she meant, except, =
pei haps, that what was good for one was good
for another.
“We encamped in the evening on the shote a
of the river, at a place where the associated '
beauties ol scenery made so strong an impres-
sion on us that we have given it the name of J
the Beautiful Camp. The undulating river ,
shore was shaded with the live oaks, which r
formed a continuous grove over the country,
and the same grassy sward extended to the edge x
of the water; and we made our (ires near some f
large granite masses which were lying among I
the trees.” I
MarchGth , “ we continued on our road through
the same surpassingly beautiful country, en
tirely unequalled lor pasturage of stock by any
thing we had ever seen. Our horses had now
become so strong that they were able to carry
us, and we travelled rapidly, over four miles an
hour.”
fn the altemoon, “gradually entering a broad
valley, we came unexpectedly into a large In
dian village, where the people looked clean, and
wore cotton shirts and various other articles of
dress. They immediately crowded around us,
and we had the inexpressible delight to find one
who spoke a little indifferent Spanish, but who
at first confounded us by saying there were no
whites in the country; but just then a well
dressed Indian came up, and made his saluta
tions in very well spoken Spanish. In answer
to our inquiries, he inlormed us that we weie
upon the Rio de los Americanos, (the river of the
American,) and that it joined the Sacramento
river about ten miles below. Neverdid a name
sound more sweetly ! We felt ourselvesamong
our countrymen; for the name of American in
these distant parts is applied to the citizens of
the United States. To our eager inquiries he
answered, ‘lama vaquero (cow-herd) in the
service ot Capt. Sutter, and the people of this
rancheria work lor him.’ Our evident satisfac
tion made him communicative, and he went on
to say that Capt. Sutter was a very rich man,
and always glad to see his country people. We
asked for his house. He answered that it was
just over the bill before us; and offered, if we
would wail a moment, to take his horse and
conduct us to it. We readily accepted his civ
il offer. In a short distance we came in sight
of the fort, and passing on the way the house of
a settler on the opposite side, (a Mr. Sinclair,)
we forded the river, and in a few miles were
met a short distance from the fort by Capt. Sut
ler himself. He gave us a most frank and cor
, dial reception, conducted us immediately to his
residence, and under his hospitable roof we had
a night of rest, enjoyment, and refreshment,
which none but ourselves could appreciate.
“Many of our horses and mules had fallen
oyer precipices and were killed on our descent
of the mountain; and some were lost with the
pads they carried. Among these was a mule
with the plants which we had collected since
leaving Fort Hall, along a line of two thousand
miles’ travel. Out of sixty-seven horses and
mules with which we commenced crossing the
Sierra, only thirty-three reached the valley of
the Sacramento, and they only in a condition to
be led along.”
A very interesting account is given ot Capt.
Suiter and the settlement at New Helvetia. —
That gentleman has succeeded in converting
the Indians in his neighborhood into a peacea
ble and industrious people. He employs a
number of them in agricultural operations, and
there were a number of girls at the fort in train
ing for «■ future woollen factory. Very encou
raging accounts are given ol the beautv of the
settlement and the fertility of the soil. Capt.
Sutter trades wilh the Columbia settlements bv
means of the Sacramento, and Capt. Fremont
saw a schooner at the landing, which was
shortly to proceed to Fort Vancouver for a
cargo of goods. Several other persons, princi
pally Americans, have established themselves
in the valley. Strong inducements were offer
ed here (or the settlement of mechanics, and
Capt. F.’s blacksmith desired to remain, tempt
ed by the guaranty of two dollars and a half
wages per day, and ol five dollars, if he proved
as good a workman as had been represented.
It was inconvenient to Capt. F. to spare so
faithful anil useful a man as this blacksmith,
had proved, but he consented to his remaining
in consideration of his good conduct. New
Helvetia is situated in lat. 38 deg. 34 min. 42
sec, and in long, (about) 121 and a half.
The expedition tesumed its journey on the
24th March, with an ample stock of provisions,
and a large cavalcade of animals, consisting of
one hundred and thirty ho.ses and mules, and
about thirty head ol cattle, five of which were
milch cows.
“ Our direct course,” says tTapt. F., “was
cast; but the Sierra would force ns south,
above five hundred miles of travelling, to a pass
at the head of the San Joaquin river.” This
pass, repotted to be good, the Captain very
properly proposes to name after its discoverer,
Mr. Joseph Walker. “ From the pass we were
to move southeastwardly, having the Sierra
then on the right, and reach the 'Spanish trail,’
deviously traced from one watering place to
another, which constitutes the route of the
caravans from Puebla de los Angeles , near the
coast ot the Pacific, to Santa Pe ol New Mexi
co. From the pass to this trail was one hundred
j and fifty miles. Following that trail through
; a desert, relieved by some terlile plains indica
ted by the recurrence of the term vegas, until
1 it turned to the right to cross the Colorado, our
course would be northeast until we regained
the latitude we had lost in arriving at the
Eutah lake, and thence to the Rocky Moun
tains, at the head of the Arkansas. This course
of travelling, forced upon us by the structure of
the country, would occupy a computed distance
of two thousand miles before we reached the
| head of the Arkansas; not a settlement to be
j seen upon it; and the names of places along it,
iad being Spanish or Indian, indicated that it
j had been but little trod by American leel. —
; r J hough long, and not free from hardships, this
route presented some points of attraction, in
tracing the Sierra Nevada—turning the Great
Basin, perhaps crossing its rim on the south,
completely solving the problem ol any river[
except the Colorado, from the Rocky Moun
tains on that part of our continent—and seeing
the southern extremity of the Great Salt lake"
of which the northern part had been examined
the year before.”
COMERCI A jjg
New York, September 10—p m.
lue market was rather heavy this morning,
I he accounts from Europe are not as favorable as they
were expected to be, and as all apprehension of a short
crop of Cotton this season appe;. rs to he dispelled, it
cannot be expected that prices will improve.
Plour —The foreign advices do not appear to have any
effect upon the Flour market The receipts via the
North Uiver to-day were heavy, amounting to 20,124
barrels. Sales were made to a lair extent of Genesee at
#4.75 to 4.81 J, ptinoipally at the formei piice. Ohio
and Michigan #4.521 to #4.75.
M ART KE MST.
Charleston. September 13.
Arrived-- Ship Ambassador, Knight, Liverpool;
ship Virginia, Eaton, N York; line barque New
World, Crowell, Boston; line brig Choctaw,
Mayo, Boston ; U L brig Mores, Bulkley, New
York; hrig Hayne. Getty, Havana; brig Ariel,
Means, Philadelphia; schr Callao, Dunton, Phi
ladelphia ; schr Kate, Pendergnst. Gayle Balti
more; S'hr Isabella, Roby New Orleans.
Cleared- U L ship New York, Hull, N York ;
U L brig Tybee, McCormick, N York; IT T, brig
George, Yates, N Yoik ; line brig Paul T Jones,
King, Philadelphia; schr T C Mitchell, Kruse,
Baltimore.