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.1 W. ,- W. s. JONES. AUGUSTA, GA„ SATURUAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 13.1R4A " 7," , „ . .A JJ"‘
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FRIDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 12.
Vermont Election.— Our returns are not
sufficient to determine whether an election for
Governor has been made by the people, as there
were three candidates in tie field. The Legis
lature is decidedly whig in both branches we
think.
lowa.—The majority for Dodge (deni.) for
Congress is 519; the majority against the Con
stitution is 317.
Jldge Story.— The last accounts from Judge
Story state that he was belter, and strong hopes
ot his speedy recovery are entertained.
Pennsylvania Debt.— The Treasurer of the
State of Pennsylvania has issued a circular un
der date ol the Ist inst., addressed to the collec
tors of the several counties of the State, in which
he urges upon them such action as will insure
the prompt payment ofths interest on the State
debt falling due on the first of February next.
Business in New-York.— The Courier &
Enquirer of Thursday says: “As an evidence
of the commencement of the fall business of the
city, we may state the fact that all the hotels
are crowded with guesis, and hundreds ot new
comers are every day obliged to make a general
search throughout, the city for lodgings.—
Three gentlemen from the South by the night
train on Tuesday last, drove thus around town
for a couple of hours, and succeeded at last in
obtaining permission to stand in the urea ol one
of our hotels! We presume they found better
lodgings than lhis;-but the tact that all our ho
tels and leading boarding houses are full and
running over, is illustrated by the circum
stance.”
Anti-Rentism.—'Phe Delhi correspondent ot
the Argus writes under date of September 4th,
that, two companies had just returned, on * with
six and the other with seven prisoners, making
one hundred now in custody. The examinations
before the Justice are continued, and arrests are
made as fast as prisoners can be found. Most
of those still at large, however, have absconded.
The letter writer says that the landlords have
embraced this opportunity to enforce the collec
tion of back rents. On Tuesday a small com
pany of about 20 men made a circuit through
two adjoining towns, and served between 30 and
40 distress warrants.
O’The first of the American Mai! Steam
ships for Europe is now receiving cargo at. Bos
ton for Liverpool. She is called the Massachu
setts. one of Harnden & Co’s new line, propel
ler, and will he able !o make the passage out in
about fifteen days. The Post-office Depart
ment is in treaty with the line for ihe transpor
tation of the mail The date of sailing will
probably be the 10 h anil 25th of each month
from New York, and the 12th and 27th from
Liverpool.
O’ The Philadelphia Inquirer of the Gth
inst. says: “Conversing yesterday with a gen
tleman from the West, he deprecated a war
with Mexico for various reasons. He said that
the spirit in many sections of the Mississippi
Valley, was one of activity, enterprise and ad
venture, and if an excitement should be pro
duced there by one or two battles with the Mex
icans, and especially bv any outrages, alleged
or real, committed bv that people against Amer
ican citizens, little difficulty would he expe
rienced in raising from 50.000 to 100 000 mount
ed men to march through Mexico,” &c.
Exportation of Wool.— There have been
shipments of wool to England lately to the ex
tent of 100,00 ) lbs., and there are further orders
in market. The reason of these shinnents is,
that wool can no where else be bought so cheap
as in this country.
Specie. —The amount of specie exported
from during the month nl August
was $549 126 —of which $385,634 went to Eng
'and, and sll9 651 to France.
iff The Wilmington N. C. Chronicle savs:
““The turpentine distilled in this place last year
is estimated at 200,000 biffs, worth $400,000.
The raw material shipped, 75,000 hbis., valued
5168.000. Tar shinped. 30,000 bids., worth
$15,000. Total $613,000. A tolerable res
pectable revenue from one tree. Long live the
evergreen pine, say we! !
The N. Y. Commercial, in its Money Arti
cle, says that the amount of railways chartered
at the late session of the British Parliament is
nearly forty millions of pounds sterling, and
those projected and either refused or delayed for
I'Unre consideration amount to almost as much
more. The lines which have been heretofore
constructed and which are now in operation
have most of them proved profitable invest
ments, and command high premiums in the
market.
Ho! for California.— A project for cini
gmtion to California has been conceived in Ar
kansas, some of the details of which, says the
Picayune, we find in the Little Rock Gazette,
frntn ‘he pen of Mr D. G. W. Leavitt, of Na
po con. The purpose of the projectors is to
a company of one thousand—“a number
efficient to give stability and permanency to
1 e settlement, and also to give it a commanding
influence on the sparely settled coast.” It is
proposed to send the families and freight oi ihe
em, graots by sea from New Orleans. The
)°ung men, and others who prefer it, to
the overland route from Fort Smith to
atlla an d thence to the Pracilic, which it is
proposed to strike near the Bay of San Pern an-
| do, in lat. 34°, there to meet the families going
= by water. A site is then to be chosen, alter a
f thorough exploration of (he coast, for a penna
r nenl settlement. Mr. Leavitt eniers at length
; into the attractions and advantages which
■ California holds out to W T estern men, and pre
dicts that ten years will see the coast of Califor
nia well settled, and that beautiful country “the
r ; great Southwestern Republic of No;lb Amer
. ! ica.”
A New kind of Light.—A new mode of
procuring light has been communicated to the
French Academy of Science, which is to ob
tain and use the spirit resulting from the distil
lation of wood. Four parts of this spirit are
, I to be mixed with one part of essence of tnrpen
, 1 line.
i he London Times of the IBth contains a
i very detailed account of the manner in which,
j by special railway express, they published at
| London the result of the election in Sunderland,
304 miles distant, in eight hours after the polls
jcl osed! For a part of the distance the train ran
! at the rate of 75 miles per hour, but on account
I *
iof curves, &c , this speed could not be main
: tained. Alter closing the polls, and while the
1 Mayor was declaring the result, a copy of (he
Times was put into his hands, containing the
full account! This proba dy is the greatest feat
of the kind ever performed.
O* On the Providence railroad there is said
to have been an increase ol receipts often thou
sand dollars in each of the months of July and
August.
I it r Jew.:'.— A Touching Incident,— A cor
respondent of the Charleston Courier, wiiling
from Newport, Rhode island, relates the follow
ing touching incident in connection with the
early history of the Israelites of that city, and
the religious devotion manifested in the preser
vation of their institutions by one of ihe deno
mination who reveres the faith of his fathers:
“The liberal policy of the founders of Rhode
Island had drawn hither (to Newport) a com
munity of wealthy and enterprising Israelites,
who gave an impulse to its commerce. Now
there is not a single Jewish family, nor one of
their descendant, on the island; but their ancient
and venerable synagogue still remains in perfect
order, as i( prepared for their reception, and
their cemeterv, with its monuments, walks and
trees, is a model of neatness and elegance. Its
stately gateway is occasionally opened to re
ceive the remains of an Israelite from some dis
tant place, whose last wish it may have been to
rest here with his fathers. Even the Jewish
siieet is still kept in perfect repair, through the
munificence of a Jewish vnerchant, whose grand
father was a Rabbi of this place. I notice, too,
with pleasure, that the classical building ot the
“Redwood Library” is undergoing a complete
renovation at the expense of the same individu
al, who is a citizen of New Orleans.”
American Mechanics in Russia.— r l’he
London Mining Journal gives a brief descrip
tion of the gigantic Locomotive Establishment
at St. Petershurgh, Russia, organized and di
rected by Messrs. Harrison and Easlwick, for
merly of Philadelphia, in conjunction, we be
lieve, with Mr. Winans, of Baltimore It
characterizes it as “the most extraordinary as
well as gigantic Commercial Establishment
which can be found in the history of the world,
ancient or modern.”
This establishment was called into operation
(says the U S. Gazette,) to supply the
number of Locomotives required for the great
chain of railroads which the Emperor of Russia
has directed to be constructed, (Major Whistler,
a Bostonian, being Chief Engineer,) and it is s'>
■ huge in dimensions that three thousand five hun
■ dred operatives are employed in it. To keep
order in this raised, massot Americans, English,
Scotch, Irish, Germans and Russians, a com
pany of soldiers is kept on duty in conjunction
with a police force whose duties are confined to
the works. If the operatives are refractory they
are discharged, unless there happen to be Rus
sians among them, and when they offend against
the discipline of the place, they are immediately
tied up to the triangles, soundly flogged and sent
to work again, and this practice is continued
notwithstanding Messrs. Harrison and Eastwick
have strongly appealed against ii.
When a man presents himself for employ
ment at this establishment, his name is not
asked, but he is presented with a medal, having
on it a number. In the pay house are 3500
■ wooden boxes, and when the laborer presents
* I himself on Saturday night for his mot ey, it is
1 given to him, and the medal taken from him as
' a receipt. This medal is dropped into the box
! corresponding to its number, and a new medal
j is given to the laborer as a pledge of employ
| men; for another week.
j It is interesting to hear of the operations of
I 1 *
1 | our own citizens in distant places. It seemed
' | almost like a wild adventure when the large es-
i tablishraent ot Messrs. Harrison and Eastwick
r j iii Philadelphia was broken up and removed to
i ' Russia, but we felt no fearofthe ultimate success
: j of the enterprizing gentlemen to whom the ad
! | venture was given in charge,
- | They had many obstacles to encounter, and
j ! the work of ordering and disciplining the army
ot men necessary to be employed was of itself
Ino light or trivial matter. The preparation of
" | machinery necessary to carry on the work and
j indispensable in the manufacture of certain parts
’ of the Locomotive, must have been a laborious
> j and anxious part of the undertaking, buta strong
" j determination, a perfect knowledge of the busi
'* j ness, and the continuance and generous support
r j of the Autocrat have enabled them to surmount
> t all obstacles, and move on in the steady regu-
X larity of a well ordered, supplied, and arranged
5 establishment.
? A New Tom Thumb.— Gen. Tom Thumb
j has been cast into the shade by the Emperor
Tom Thumb—his features are said to be corn
manding and expressive, and his figure well
proportioned, his height two feet nine inches,
s his age sixteen years, and finally he attained his
- present stature when four years of age.
1 CAPTAIN FREMONT’S REPORT.
iSECOND EXPEDITION.— Continued.
We have now to accompany Capt. Fremont
and his hardy and adventurous companions on
their homeward route; and, in doing so, we
hardly know whether the courage which never
qu,ailed before the dangers of that route,
the perseverance which never faltered be
fore obstacles apparently the most uncon
querable, or the promptitude and never-fail
ing resources which furnished the means by
which courage and perseverance attained their j
ends, are most to be admired. It is sufficient
that their happy combination in this instance
led to a successful and most valuable result.
We arc confident that, whatever success may 1
■ i
attend the third expedition, those engaged in it
will deserve to be successful. We look lor its
return with increasing interest; confident that
the aggregate production of the three expeditions
of Capt. Fremont will be a source of more than
common honor and fame to him and his wor
thy fellow-laborers, and redound to the credit of
the country'.
We took leave of the expedition, in our last
notice, at the “ Dalles” of the Columbia, about
fifteen miles below the falls of that river, where
Capt. F. had collected a simply of provisions
sufficient for his party for not less than thre
months, also some live entile. The number o“
horses and mules mustered 104, for “(hesuste
nance of which, our reliance (savs the Captain)
was upon the grass which we should find, and
the soft porous wood which was to be lhe sub
stitute when there was none.”
The expedition commenced its homeward
march on the 25 T. of November. “At the in
quest of Mr. Perkins,” one of the missionaries at
the Dalles—
“A Chinook Indian, a lad of nineteen, who
was extre - ely anxious to -see the whites, ’
and make some acquaintance with our institu
tions, was received into the party, under rnv
especial charge, with Ihe understanding that I
would again return him to his frien Is. He had
lived for some time in the househo’d of Mr.
Perkins and spoke a few words of the English
language.”
The first object which attracted Capl. Fre
mont’s attention was Tlamath lake; the route
of the expedition was therefore almost directly
south. On the 30th the narrative furnishes the
following interesting scientific information:
“Continuing a few miles up the bank of the
river, wc encamped earlv in an open bottom
among the pines, a short distance below a lodge
of Hie Indians. Here, along the river the bluff
presents escarpments seven or eight hundred
feet in height, containing strata of a very fine
porcelain clay, overlaid, at the height of about
five hundred feet, bv a massive stratum of ha
salt one hundred feet in thickness, which is
again succeeded above bv another strata of vol
canic rr cks. The clay strata are variously
colored, some of them very nearly as white as
cha'k, and very fine grained. Specimens brought
from these have been subjected to microscopi
cal examination bv Professor Bailey, of West.
Point, and are considered bv him to constitute
one of the most remarkable deposites of fluvia
tile infusoria on record. While they abound
in genera and species which are common in
fresh water, hut which rarely thrive where the
water is even brackish, not one decidedly ma
rine form is to be found among them; and their
fresh water origin is therefore hevond a doubt.
It is equally certain that thevjlived and died at
the situation where they were found, as they
could scarcely be transported by running water
without an admixture of sandy particles; from
which, however, they are remarkably free.—
Fossil infusoria of a fresh water origin had
been previously detected by Mr. Bailey in speci
mens brought by Mr. James D. Dana from the
tertiary formation of Oregon. Most of the spe
cies in those specimens differed so much from
'hose now living and known, that he was led
to infer that thev might belong to extinct spe
cies, and considered them also as affording
proof of an alternation, in the formation from
which thev were obtained, of fresh and salt wa
terdeposites, which, common enough in Europe,
had not hitherto been noticed in the United
States. Homing evidently from a locality en
tirely different, our specimens show very few
snecies in common with those brought lay Mr.
Dana, but bear a much closer resemblance to
those inhabiting ihe northeastern Stales. It is
impossible that they are from a more recent de
posite; hui the presence of a few remarkable
forms which are common to the two localities
renders it more probable that there is no great
difference in their age.”
The latitude of this place is 44 deg. 35 min.
23 sec., longitude 121 deg. 10 min. 25 sec.
After travelling a distance of 25 miles from
the Dalles of the Columbia, principally through
a sandy pine forest, on December 10—
“The country began to improve; and about
11 o’clock wc reached a spring of cold watet
on the edge of a savannah, or grass}' meadow,
which our guides informed us was an arm of
the Tlamath lake; and a lew miles further we
entered upon an extensive meadow or lake of
grass, surrounded by timbered mountains. This
was the Tlamath lake. It was a picturesq le
and beautiful spot, and rendered more attractive
to us bv the abundant and excellent grass, which
our animals, after travelling through pit e forests,
so much neede ; but the broad sheet of water
which constitutes a lake was not to be seen.—
Overlooking it. immediately west, was several
snowy knobs, belonging to what we have con
sidered a branch of the Cascade range. A low
point covered with pines madeout into Ihe lake,
which afforded us a good place for an encamp
ment, and for the security of our horses, which
were guarded ir view on (he open meadow.
The character of courage and hostility attribu
ted to the Indians of this quarter induced more
than usual precaution ; and, seeing smokes ri
sing from the middle of the lake (or savannah)
and along the opposite shores, f directed the
howitzer to he fired. It was the first time our
guides had seen it discharged; and the bursting
ot the shell at a distance, which was something
like the second fire of the gun, amazed and be
wildered them with delight. It inspired them
with triumphant feelings; but on the camps at
a distance the effect was different, for the smokes
in ihe iake and on the shore immediately disap
peared.
“The point on which we were encamped
forms, with the opposite eastern shore, a nar
row neck, connecting the body of the lake with
a deep cove or bay which receives the principal
affluent stream, and over the greater part of
which the water (or rather ice) was at this time
dispersed into shallow pods. Among the grass,
and scattered over the prairie lake, appeared to
[he similar marshes, it is simply a shallow
i nasm, which, fur a short period at the time of
I ineliing snous, is covered with water from the
i neighboring mountains; but this probably soon
| rnnsofi, and leaves lorthe remaicier ofthe year
j a gneen savannah, through the midst of which
l the river Hamath, which flows to the ocean
1 w ’‘ n( V? l£s kVa - v ,0 ihe outlet on the southwestern
| side.”
| December 11. We have the following in
leiestiag particulars relative to the Tlamath
Indians:
“ When we had arrived within half a mile
(»i ihe vi.Lige, two persons were seen ad vane
j mg to mea' us; and 10 please the fancy ot ou r
guides, wc ranged ourselves into a long line
riding abreast, while they galloned ahead to
meet the Hangers.
“\v e vere surprised, on riding up, to find
i ” ne ** woman, having never before
know n a squaw to take any panin the business
of war. They were the village chief and his
wife, who.in excitement and alarm at the un
usual even and appearance, had come out to
meet the? l - late together. The chief was a very
prepossessing Indian, with very handsome
features, and a singularly soft and agreeable
voice—s» remarkable as to attract general no
tice.
“The hiU.s were grouped together on the
bank of the river, which, from being spread out
in a shallow marsh at the upper end of the lake,
was collected here into a single stream. They
were large tound huts, perhaps2o fee; in diamp
ler, with minded tops, on which was the door
bv which tiey descended into the interior.—
Within, tluy were supported by posts and
, beams.
“Almost like plants, these people seem to
have adapUll themselves to the soil, and lo be
growing on what ihe immediate locality ass ord
ed. Their only subsistence at this lime ap
peared to bn a small fish, great quantities ol
which, thathad been smoked and d' ied, were
suspended nn strings about the lodge. Heaps
of straw woe lying around; and their residence
in the mid/t of grass and rushes had taught
them a peculiar skill in converting this mate
rial to useful purposes. Their shoes were
made of slfaw or grass, which seamed well
adapted folia snowy country; and the worn n
wore on Weir head a closely woven basket,
which male a very good cap. Among other
things, wefe parti-colored mats about four feel
square. w|ich we purchased to lay on the snow
under our blankets, and to use for table cloths.
“Numbers of singular-looking dogs, resem
bling wolfes, were sitting ou (he tops of the
hills; andjof these we purchased a young one,
which, after its birthplace, was named Tlamath.
The language spoken by these Indians isdiffer
ent from (bat of (h? Slioshoncc and Columbia
tribes; and otherwise than by signs they can
not understand each other. They made us
comprehend that they were at war with the
people who lived to the southward and to flic
eastward; hut 1 could obtain from them no cer
tain information. The river on which they live
enters the Cascade mountains on the western
side of the lake, and breaks through them by a
passage impracticable for travellers; but over
the mountains, to the northward, are passes
wl-ieh present no other obstacle than in the most
impenetrable forests. Unlike any Indians we
had previously seen, these wore shells in their
noses. We returned to our camp, alter re
maining here an hour or two, accompanied hy
a number of Indians.
“ fn order to recruit a little the strength of out
animals, and obtain some acquaintance with
the locality, we remained here for the remain
der of the day. Bv observation, the latitude of
the camp was 42° 56 min. 51 sec., and the
diameter of the lake, or meadow, as has been
intimated, about 20 miles. It is a picturesque
n-d lieantifnl spot ; and, under the hand of cul
tivation, might become a little paradise. Game
is fin tut in the forest; timbered and snowy
mountains skirt it, and fertility characterizes it.
Situated near the heads of three rivers, and on
the line of inland commnnica ion with Califor
nia, and near to Indians noted for treachery, it
will r a totally, in the progress of the settlement
of Oregon, become a point lor military occupa
tion and settlement.
“From Tlamath lake, Ihe further continua
tion of nnr voyage assumed a character 0 J (jjg.
coverv and exploration, which, from the Indians
here, we could obtain no information to direct,
and where the imaginary maps of the country,
instead of assisting, exposed us lo suffering and
defeat. In our jnnrnev across the desert, Mary’s
lake, and the famous Buenaventura river,
were two points on which I relied to recruit the
animals and repose the party. Forming, agree
ably to the best maps in mv possession, a con
nected water-line from the Rockv Mountains to
the Pacific Ocean, I felt no other anxiety than
to pass safely across the intervening desert to
the banks of the Buenaventura, where in the
softer climate of a more southern latitude, onr
horses might find grass to sustain them, and our
selves be sheltered from the rig <rs of winter and
from the inhospitable desert. The guides who
had conducted us thus far on our journey were
about to return ; and I endeavored in tain to
obtain others to lead us, even for a few days,
in the direction (east) which we wished to go.
The chief to whom I applied alleged the want
ol horses, and the snow on the mountains across
which onr course would carry us, and the sick
ness of his family, as reasons for refusing so go
with us.”
On the 13th, however, “in the midst of the
wood, we heard Ihe sound of galloping horses,
am! were agreeably surprised by the unexpected
arrival of our Tlamath chief, with several In
dians. He seemed to have found his conduct
inhospitable in letting the strangers depart with
out a guide through the snow, and had come,
with a few others, to pilot us a day or two on
the wav.”
On the 14th the party struck a stream, which
subsequent information satisfied Capt. F., was
the principal branch ofthe "Sacramento river;
and, consequently, that this main affluent of
the hay of San Francisco had its source w ithin
the limits of the United States, and opposite a
tributary to the Columbia, and near the head of
the Tlamath river, which goes to Ihe ocean
norlh of42°,and within the United States.”
“December 15.—A present, consisting of use
ful goods, afforded much satisfaction to our
guides; and, showing them the national flag, I
explained t hat it was a symbol of our nation;
and thev engaged always to receive it in a friend
ly manner. The chief pointed out a course,
hv following which, we would arrive at the big
water, where no more snow was to be found.”
On the Ifith of December we have the follow
ing vivid description ofthe position of the ex
pedition, and of the scenery which surrounded
them:
“We travelled this morning through snow
about three feet deep, which, being crusted, very
much cut the feet ofour animals. The moun
tain still gradually rose; we crossed several
spring headscovered with quaking asp; other
wise it was all pine forest. The air was dark
with falling snow, which everv where weighed
down the trees. Ihe depths of the forest were
profoundly still, and below we scarce felt a
breath of the wind which whirled the snow
through theirhranches. I found that it requir
ed some exertion of constancy to adhere steadi-
’ |y through the woods, when we w ere uncertain
j how tar the forest extended, or what lay bevond;
land, on account of our animals, it would be
bad to spend another night on the mountain,
•towards noon the forest looked clear ahead,
appearing suddenly to terminate, and beyond a
certain point we could see no trees. Ridingra
pidly ahead to this spot, we found ourselves on
tne verge of a vertical and rocky wall of the
mountain. At our feet—more than a thousand
feet below-—we looked in a green prairie coun
try, in wniefa a beautiful lake, some twenty
miles in length, was spread along the loot of
the mountains, its shores bordered with green
grass. Just then the sun broke out among the
clouds, and illuminated the country below
while around us the storm raged fiercely. Not
a particle of ice was to be seen on the lake, or
snow on its borders, and all was like summer
or spring. The glow of the sun in the valley
below brightened up our hearts with sudden
pleasure, and Ave made the woods ring with
joyful shouts to those behind; and gradually,
as each came up, he stopped to enjoy the un
expected scene. Shivering on snow three feet
deep, and stiffening in a cold norlh wind, we
exclaimed at once that the names of Summer
Lake and Winter Ridge should be applied to
these tAvo approximate places of sudden and
violent contrast.
“ We were now immediately on the verge of
the forest land, in which we had been travelling
so many days; and, looking forward to the easij
scarce a lice was to be seen. Viewed from our
elevation, the face ofthe country exhibited only
rocks and grass, and presented a region in which
the artertmsia became the principal wood, fur
nishing to its scattered inhabitants fuel for their
fires, building material for their huts, and shel
ter for the small game which ministers to their
hunger and nakedness. Broadly marked by the
boundary ot the mountain wall, and immediate
ly below ns, were the first waters of that great
interior basin which has the Wahsatch and
Bear river mountains for its eastern, and ihe
Sierra Navada lor its western rim, and the edge
of which we had entered upwards of three
months bcferc at the Great Salt Lake.
“ When we had sufficiently admired the scene
below, we began to think about descending,
which here was impossible, and we turned to
wards the north, travelling always along the
rocky wall. Wc continued on four or five
miles, making ineffectual attempts at several
places; and at length succeeded in gelling down
at one which was extremely difficult of descent.
Night had closed in before the foremost reached
the bottom, and it avus dark before we all found
ourselves together in ihe valley. There were
three or lour half dead dry cedar liccs on the
shore, and those who first arrived kindled bright
fires lo light on the others. One ol the mules
rolled over and over (wo or three hundred feet
into a ravine, but recovered himself, without
any other injury than to his pack; and the how
itzer was left midway the mountain until morn
ing. By observation the latitude of tbiseucamp
ment is 12 deg. 57 min. 22 sec. It delayed us
until near noon the next, day to recover our
selves and put every thing in order; and we
made only a short camp along t ho western shore
ol the lake, Avhich, in the summer temperature
we enjoyed to-day, justified the name vve had
given ir. Onr course would have taken us to
the other shore, and over the highlands beyond ;
but 1 distrusted the appearance of (he country,
and decided to follow a plainly beaten Indian
trail leading along this side of the lake. We
were now in a country where the scarcity of
water and of grass makes travelling dangerous,
and great caution was necessary.”
On Christmas day the party had made a tour
of 460 miles from the Dalles, and Avere in lati
tude 42 deg. 00 min. 09 sec. and longitude (about)
12) deg., consequently on the division-line be
tween Oregon and Mexico. The narrative says:
“We were roused on Christmas morning by
a discharge from the small arms and howitzer,
with which our people saluted the day, and the
name of which we bestowed on the lake. It
was ihe first time, perhaps, in this remote and
desolale region, in which it had been so com
memorated. A1 ways, on days of religious or
national commemoration, our voyageurs ex
pect some unusual allowance; and, having
nothing else, I gave them each a little brandy,
(which was carefully guarded, as one ol the
most useful articles a traveller can carry,) with
some coffee and sugar, which here, where every
eatable was a luxury, was sufficient to make
them a feast. The day was sunny and warm ;
and, resumingour journey, wc crossed some
slight dividing grounds into a similar basin,
walled in on Ihe right by a lofty mountain ridge.
The plainly beaten trail still continued, and oc
casionally we passed camping grounds of the
Indians, which indicated to me that wc were
on oneof the great thoroughfares of the country.
In the afternoon I attempted to travel in a more
eastern direction; but, after a few laborious
miles, was beaten back into the basin bv an im
passible country. There were fresh Indian
tracks about the valley, and last night a horde
was stolen. We encamped on the valley bot
tom, Avhere there was some cream-like water in
in ponds, colored by a clay soil and frozen over.
Chenopodiaceous shrubs constituted the growth,
and made again our firewood. The animals
were driven to the hill, where there was tolera
bly good grass ”
Patrick Henry.— ln “Howe’s Historical
collections ol Virginia,” a work recently pub
lished, and one ot no ordinary degree of inter
est for its many interesting reminiscences of
the early limes and the distinguished men of
the old Dominion, are related some very inter
esting incidents of the great Orator.
His opposition to the American Constitution
is well known, and as many of his declarations
in the Convention seem to have been imbued
with the spirit of prophecy, the following opin
ion of his is not without interest.
“ He was opposed to the adoption of the Fede
ral Constitution because he thought it gave too
much power tu the General Government; and
in conversation with the father ol a late venera
ble Senator from Prince Edward he remarked
with emphasis ; ‘The President ofthe United
States will always come in at the head ola party.
He w ill be supported in all his acts by a parly.
You do not now think much of the patronage
ol the President; but the day is coming when
it will be tremendous, and from this power the
country may sooner or later fall.’”
The following anecdote is given concerning
one of his most important legal arguments:
“ In the British debt cause, of Avhich Wirt
gives a full account, Mr. Henry made great
preparation. He shut himself in his office (or
three days, during which he did not see his
family; his food being handed by a servant
through the office door. The Countess of
Huntington, then in this country, was among
the auditors, ami remarked, after bearing the
arguments ofthe several speakers, ‘that if every
one of them had spoken in Westminister Hal!
they would have been honored with a peerage.’
This case, says Wirt, was discussed with so
much learning, argument, and eloquence as to
have placed the bar of Virginia, in the estima-
i tion ol the Federal judges, (if the repwrls ol ihe
; day may be accredited,) above all ft. tr^
; United States. Mr. Henry on Uito
• had a diamond ring on his finger, cftJ o-hiJa h-j
. was speaking the Countess erelauocd &
i Judge, (Iredell,) who bad sever before ijeertl
him, ‘The diamond is blazing!’ <St£ci&po
God,’ replied he, die is an orator iadoed.’ In
this cause he injured his voice *;> ton it o4vc.ir
recovered its original power.”
First Manufacture of Sugar? iu
We are indebted to me courtesy ol r tric.:d-Cor
a pamphlet copy of an Oration deliverasi before
the “ Agricultural and Mechanics’ Amo&l Uou
of Louisiana,” by Judge P. A. Rost, ou >3 l&tj
May last, from which we extract the foilocisr
interesting and humorous description of the fir a
“ graining ” of Sugar in Louisiana:
“There is a strong analogy between the cul
tivation of the vine in middle France, anti that
of the cane in Louisiana. During the £r-.t cen
turies ol the Christian era, there was eo r’iae
produced in France, except Marseilles wVk-.
More Southern Europe and the Isles of !?.:eec»
were then the wine growing regions. Jb >&.•?
course ol time, the monks 0! -.f
Champaign, and of Burgundy, God bloc-;, thera!
transplanted the vine to the shelter oi »fc.~ 1;
vent walls. Their efforts weie (or u lolJ tir-T
unsuccessful, but they persevered, aedtf e oto£?;
saints of those datk ages took « coaspicootri
part in the good work. At hist their grcr-s*i i:-
lained maturity; they tasted the juice ;*c;’
it was good. Wine was subsequently vairdY vs
>t, and it iseas}- to conceive the joy of tksej
holy men, when champaign first sparkled ro
their board, when the vintages of r'iedoc ao'3
Burgundy replaced in their cellars the- foe
beverages of Provence. The cultivctios cf tS
vine continued to increase and to improve, but
the increase was so slow that wine was not im
ported from Bordeaux to foreign countries, til?
some lime in the twelfth century, find noc*.
sir, the great wine region of the world, is that
very portion of France, in which the introduc
tion of the vine was the work of centuris&.
“ How is it with the sugar cane in Louisiana 1
It was introduced here at an early day fry-Ri fh>
West Indies, and cultivated (o a small igtem f d
1 erre aux Boeafs, and in the neighborhood of
New Orlc ns. No body at first imagined (h3t
sugar could be made of it. The juice wot
boiled into syrup, which sold at cstTOvCfWßt
prices. In 1790, Mr. Bore, residing Q fro- rnP-'vj
above New Oilcans, a man reputed for TO dur
ing, and his energy, formed (ho desfpre-p mccOi
of making sugar. He increased bis eulrhgt!-
tion, put up the necessary buildings std
chinery, and procured a sugar maker fffj
West Indies. The day appointed for th> on-pori
ment was come, and the operation ooz- mdar
way. The inhabitants of New Orloeft* esd e»f
the coast had assembled there in
But they remained outside ol the buildup *? a
respectable distance from tbs sOsar sfeokcr?,
whom they looked upon as a sort of rair.Jl<Jk>Q.
The first strike came, and be said nothing; rids
, tl cy thought fatal, but still they remarried
to the spot. The second strike wr.s oyg;
\ sugar maker carefully stirred the href, -tjnd
advancing toward the assembled croc.d, fold
them with all the gravity of his craft, “Gootlo
men, it grains!” “it grains!” was rented by
all. They rushed in to see the bonder, cud
when convinced of the fact, scattered in fill di
rections, greeting every body they rpfct, Mti
“It grains!” And from the Balizeto rb-3 Db
buque, from the Wabash to the Yellow t tnrso,
the great, the all absorbing rex?* :>} 5 eclcO?
was, that the juice of the cane bed pc?*s©d h*b
Lower Louisiana. It did grain, it has cof-ifessd
to grain; it has grained the last of ths
rate of two hundred and fifteen niilmec of
pounds, and if no untoward tctioß es pi#-* fo
ment prevents it, in ten years it c ill (rod\ ro (fej
extent of much more than double tbtt qih-uflry.
Prepare therefore to meet foreign conrjfo;?t»o';,
1 tell you we can do so, as well as the vyte?
ers of France, provided we improve the rk~*e
that is left us, and remain true to ths £pir>t
our national race.
“ The innate faculty of our people to C;>t>dse
the physical world, their energy cad e-slf-r-ali*
ance, their habitual disregard fd'discou* for!
cullies and dangers, have made other fcc?i'C3
say of us, (hat we alone could icwtil bf-rorsyj V J
the common pursuits of life. With fcf-fofs ds
termination then, speed Ihe plough; hoc? fr*
mind that to go ahead with >ut Ytrcr taiir-y diffi
culties into the account, cini! by that C!*ct!s to
succeed wlien others dsr« on! undertake, t? em
phatically the American Systum.”
Correspondence of the Phila. fferih faerim.
Nrw-Yor«, Sept. *7— p. 1.
Merchants arc now congratulatiK^the or.? slvCS
upon the breaking upof a ecst of swindlers cbo
have been obtaining mosey end goodi OodTi
false pretences, by answering to vuh
characters. Some fji>o,ooo bad been recovcssd,,
and great hopes oi getting much mure.
The week closes wilhoul ciueh to fi-uit it.
Stocks have steadily improved, but dote tnkJf
in favor of buyers, in some 9 1 ihft fesgljrjj
staples an advance has been obtained. Coital
if full £ cent firmer on all qualities, vrith a gfoccl
amount of business.
Curious Relic.—We have at cur pftice, Of*
the Cincinnati -gazelle a pocket tookofverk’usß
workmanship, which once bcloaftd to s3jr.
FrankUn, and ol rrhich he msd? .5 prr-:.*ot
his friend Thomas Karrc?; gf;d fhr*
theniicatcd hisforv of which r« frjtccd l*> He prj
sent owner, Mr. James Wheel-©right.
as an heir loom from Thomae rfrrvtrr, tt» iO
lineal descendant, the late t7r. Sdo ,< w} >
I’hc year 1753 is stamped in utrcOff b*>ribT)
figures upon t!ie inside leather.—Si 5 enrd
BOSTON is beautifully embr. red or <»»•« of’
the outside covers, and ihe leather is
be ol that endurable texture y*hicfi Lrt
lor another century ?n one of the folds we
found a sac simile of Dr. Franklin’s letter -o s?r.
Strahan, the King’s Printer, of which th* fal
lowing is a copy:
Pmo abelpiha , July sth, 1775.
Mr. Strahan , —You are a Member of Parlia
ment, and one of that Majority widely has
doomed my Country to destruction. You have
begun to burn our Towns and murder our peo
ple. Look upon your Sfands! They at*,
stained with the Blood of your Relations ! Ton
and 1 were long Friends: —You now my
Encmv,~and I tim i, ,^ T
— —thw ii ‘.wi ri> 'jiutirr sL’tor**** ~~ " *
gv; tug^^
nW4t J ®55»- ii
Arrived —Ship J»ni«s CV»hh. t.ivafpc«!; U-YO
bnc Washincion. Monrnr.
Cleirrd —Brij; Tower, flranthnn. New ; C>re»fVr
Morning Sawyer, Nassau, (N P.)
SAVAMNAO.nspt. 1-1.
Olenrr.d —Brig Maria I, Tlitl. Uncos. NrX? Vark.
ST. PATRICK’S T.r% by Cbaf!e*
I.ever, complete—piicc (> cents.
Zoe, or the History of Two Lives, by Geral
dine Endsor Jewburv—price 25 cents. Just re
ceived hy je2 T. RICHARDS.