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J. W. &W. 8. JONES. ~AUGUSTA, BA., TUESDAY MORNING. DECEMBER 16, W ' vnr. ,x.-WT^T
€l)vomclc nub Sentinel.
AUGUST V. G \ .
MONDAY MORNING. DEC’R. 15. 1815.
Things In ftlilledgcvilli-.
Correspondence of the Chronicle Sentinel.
Milledgeville, Dec. 11, 1815.
In Senate, this morning, the discussion on
Mr. Brown’s Flint River Bill was tesumed at
the point where on yesterday it was cut off by
the previous question. But this debate must
have already become to your readers as
“ A twice told tale to the ear of a drowsy man.”
Even the Senate seemed to have grown weary
ol it to-day, as they evinced by their willingness
to apply the previous question to other subjects—
thus transforming “the extreme unction into
the daily bread.”
Mr. Wofford threatened to resort to the pre
vious question; immediately afterward Mr.
Brown moved it The Senate rejected it—nays
•23, yeas 91 ; so, according to rule, the bill again
lies over for another day.
Here Mr. Cone indicated that his courage
was boiling over for a bout in defence of Mr.
Jackson’s resolutions. But the majority had
“ tasted blood,” and determined to offer the sa
crifices in their trim—
“ And fresh and bleeding did they offer them.”
In turn came Mr, Miller’s bill to incorporate
the Gregg Manufacturing Company. Mr, T.
F.JAnderson moved to lay it on the table for the
balance of the session. The proposition was
rather too direct —too fierce—and caused an in
clination to fly the track. Appropos, as to the
consistency of the majority in the Senate in re
ference to the encouragement of Southern man
ufactories: Mr. Wofford and others have more
lhanonce warned the Democrats that before
long the erection of manufactories would be
the political question between the Whigs and
themselves in the State of Georgia; yet he,
and those who thus invoke the demon of
party, declare in their places and in conversa
tion, that they are friendly to the policy ! The
question was taken on Mr. A’s. propositions —
rays 28, yeas 15.
Here Mr. Stell’s spectre again presented its
ghastly features at the Council board; but con
stant familiarity has worn away much ol its
hideousness, and as it pertinaciously refuses to
be banished, it is now considered as entitled to
its seat in its proper place.
Mr. Hardeman moved the previous question,
which was agreed to. The question was then
put on agreeing to the report, nays 24, yeas 19.
Next in turn came the Augusta Manufactur
ing Company, and again the spectre in its place.
Mr. Miller moved the previous question
agreed to. On agreeing to the report, nays 23,
yeas 19.
The sharpened appetites of -’the Democracy
now demanded stronger stimulants. The “thin
potations” which could be distilled from State
affairs, would no longer satisfy the cravings of
their Falstaff stomachs. They looked now rea
dy to swallow Texas, the black Tariff, and “all
of Oregon or none!” Mr. Jackson’s resolutions
were read. Mr. Miller offered a substitute.
Mr. Ridley moved to lay the whole subject on
the table for the balance of the session ; staling
that the Whigs were always willing, at the pro
per lime and place to discuss national politics,
bin that it was already time to bring this session
to a close, —that the business of the State was
far from being accomplished, and that if dis
cussion on these resolutions were once opened
an almost interminable debate must ensue.
Mr. Jackson thought they ought to be dis
cussed—and, also, Mr. Cone. Mr. Miller
moved the previous question on the motion for
indefinite postponement. The previous ques
tion itself, now became the subject of discus
sion, arising principally from an extraordinary
and absurd rule of the Senate, which places de
bate or amendments, fori he day, in the power ot
any two individuals as mover and second. The
President delivered a very tedious lecture, or
more properly speaking, a series of broken lec
tures, repeatedly interrupted by explanations,
on this subject, 1 have almost formed the opin
ion, that too many words are more disadvanta
geous in making a man’s meaning clear and
intelligible, than too few, 11 1 settle down in
this conclusion I shall credit it to Mr. Chap
pell, whether it be founded in truth or error.
This matter occupied about an hour and a half.
The question on postponement was finally put,
and decided in the negative—nays 23, yeas 21.
Mr. Cone seemed quite elated—said the
Whigs were like land terrapins —that they (the
Democrats,) would discuss the resolutions two
days il they had a mind to. But not so. though l
Mr. Wofford. The Whigs had shown their
front position in regard to the useless and idle
discussion proposed. Every day wasted in de
bate, costs the people Eight Hundred Dollars.
Mr. Jackson rose and staled that he did not wish
to waste time, Mr. Wofford popped the pre
vious question which “gagged” him yesterday!
The question on agreeing to the resolution
was put, and, of course, decided by a stiict par
ly vole —yeas 23, nays 90.
Mr. Kenan laid the following resolution, as
an extract from Mr. Polk’s message, on the ta
ble and moved to take it up»:
“ Resolved , That it is not the intention of the
Legislature to say that the duties on all articles
should be at the same, or a horizontal rate.
Some articles will bear a much higher revenue
duly than others. Below the maximum of the
revenue standard Congress may, and ought to
(dscriminate in the rates imposed.”
Even this met a party vole, [Guery—-Is the
President deserted by the Georgia Senate 1]
The majority refused to take up the resolution—
nays 22, yeas 20.
Wednesday next is fixed upon lor the elec
tion ol Judges for the Supreme Court. There
are a number of aspirants here already who will
not “push away the crown.”
Mr. Sleil’s bill to amend the free banking law
of 1838, so as to permit a reduction ot capital
to and to allow some disinterested
lovers and guardians of the people to issue
SIO,OOO in shin-plasters for the benefit of the peo
ple ol Fayette county, was lost, nays 21, yeas 20.
Mr. Crawford’s 8 uthwestern Railroad bill
was taken up by sections, diligently amended
and passed—yeas 26, nays 7.
Mr. Chappell’s bill to change the name of the
Monroe R. R. Company to the Macon and West
ern Railroad, to withdraw banking privileges,
and 'o construct a branch Road to Columbus,
was taken up. Tne grim spectre was again
thrust in. Mr. C. whispered in its master’s ear,
but it was deaf, or had “no speculation” in it.
Mr. C. addressed the Senate on the subject,
(as I suppose, for the disorder was so great I
I could not hear him, nor do I believe any one
else did; indeed not one fifth of the members
were in their seats.)
Mr. Stell made a few remarks in reply, in
sisting on his amendment; it was, however, re
jected, and the bill passed with a limited restric
tion, similar to that imposed on the Central
Road bill.
In House, the Trezevant claim occupied the
morning. Mr. Jenkins made a powerful appeal
in behalf of the honor and credit of the State,
but I regret to say the tally on his side was too
short by four. Well, “Peter” made a good
race, and I hope he will never give il up till he
succeeds.
The appropriation bill was made the special
order for Tuesday next.
Both Houses met in the afternoon. The
House did nothing but perform what may be
termed the drudgery of legislation. A.
Milledgeville, Dec. 12.
In Senate, lhis morning, Mr. Hardeman
presented a memorial for the relief of Capt.
Henry Jarnigan, who rendered distinguished
services in the Florida war. Also, a resolution
to Capt. J.’s claim against the Federal Govern
ment for $22,000, in lieu of his note due the
Central Bank for $521,000, which was taken up
and agreed to.
Mr. Rid’ey, a resolution to adjourn on the
20th instant-agreed to.
Mr. Wofford called up the resolution to ap
propriate money for the printing of Howell
Cobb’s form book. Mr. Wofford thought it
ought to be printed on account of its general
utility. Mr. Crawford said if the Legislature
were to be governed by utility in such matters,
they had much better have Webster's spelling
be r: printed and distributed. A fair hit at the
Senator, whether designed or not.
Mr. Jackson, in his invariably earnest and
emphatic manner, advocated the resolution. J t
was finally agreed to--yeas 25, nays 19.
Mr. Crawford introduced a bill authorising
Courts of Ordinary to appoint guardians ler
minors, lunatics, &c., in certain cases.
A reconsideration ot the Auguota Manufac
turing Co.’s bill was agreed to.
Mr. Stell’s motion to reconsider the Monroe
Rail Road bill, changing its name, &c., was
lost.
A motion was made to suspend the regular
order and take up the Atlanta and West Point
Rail Road bill. Mr. Jackson opposed the mo
tion- stated that he was under no obligation to
extend any special courtesy to Mr. Miller (in
answer to an allusion made by Mr. M.) —that
he had voted Cor his Canal bill already in oppo
sition to requests and appeals by letter from
Augusta—and that Mr. M. had merely voted
for the extension of ;he Central Road, without
affording any other aid. Mr. Miller reminded
him that his memory must have strangely fail- j
ed him—that tie had spoken twice in favor of I
the bill referred to.
On the motion a division was called for; 21 j
in favor, 20 against it—“the Chair” voted in'
the negative, making a tie. The yeas and nays j
were called for—yeas 20, nays 20—“ the Chair” |
voted in the negative. I his refusal to suspend |
the regular order is generally considered dis
courteous on ordinary occasions.
The Middle Branch Rail Road was then ta
ken up. Mr. Calhoun offered an amendment,
which was withdrawn after a moment’s con-j
suliation with Mr, Miller, and the latter offered
an amendment, in effect requiring that there
should be a branch completed to Columbus
within three years.
Mr. Stell’s amendment was presented and re
jected by the sound. Mr. Stell offered another
amendment, proposing to deprive the Company
of what they had not by their charter nor did
not ask, to wit: Banking privileges. The
- amendment, however, was received—yeas 21,
. nays 19.
Mr. Calhoun presented a petition numerous
ly signed, against the bill.
, Mr. Jackson vehemently opposed Ihe bill, be
lieving that it was calculated to result to the ad
i vantage of Charleston at the expense ol Savan
, nah and Augusta.
Mr. M iller responded—was opposed to array
ing local interests against each other—was
5 bound to legislate for the general interest of the
Stale, &c.—that it was to be expected that
Chat lesion would reap advantages which be-
lunged ol right to Savannah and Augusta, so
j long as the Georgia Legislature continued to
• refuse an appropriation sufficient to render the
I Savannah river navigable.
j Mr. Chappell spoke against the bill, bulcould
not succeed in riveting the attention of the Se
; na ;e. 1 thought of a passage which look place
] between Mr. Clay and Mr. Benton on a great
- occasion, Mr, B. taunted Mr. Clay with ral
lying the multitude and filling the galleries to
listen to his oratory. Mr. C. responded, that,
e admitting the charge of the gentleman from
II Missouri to be true, the antidote was always at
hand—for, just let the gentleman rise in his placl
to address tne Senate, and it was tantamount to |
reading the riot act. I
The Senate adjourned till 3 o’clock. At that
hour the debate was resumed. Mr, Murphy ad
vocated the bill in a very clear and sensible
speech. Mr. Miller made a few remarks. Mr.
Chappell went into the history of the Middle
Branch Road, and attributed to it a very dis
creditable origin—believed that the persons in
whose name this Road was proposed to be con
structed, were but men of straw—that the Geor
gia Railroad and Charleston Railroad compa
nies, were the real actors behind the scenes, &c
Mr. Jackson took a similar view. Mr. Ridley
spoke in favor of the bill, and stated that if Sa
vannah could not offer the agriculturist equal
advantages with Charleston, she must go
down, &c.
Mr. Jackson replied in his emphatic but un
varying manner, somewhat more warmly than
usual.
This debate continued until dark, when the
Senate adjourned.
In the House, this morning was consumed
in debate on the Interest bill, which passed by a
vote of 83 to 38. So seven per cent, is now the
lawful interest in Georgia.
This afternoon the bill to invest trust funds in
State securities was passed unanimously, =
importance this measure is only second to the
establishment of the Supreme Court; and it may
be recorded as almost a miracle, that neither
party feeling nor natural oppugnation, sug
gested the slightest opposition to It.
The tax bill was then taken up. The clause
relating to real estate was amended, and now
reads 8 cents on each SIOO for country property,
' and 16 cents lor town or city property.
A member from Hall proposed to tax all
horned cattle (after the first hundred) two cents
per head—advocated by Mr. Jackson, and op
posed by Mr. Gaulding, of Stewart. The
House adjourned without voting on the amend
ment. It would bear only on a few individuals
in the wire grass counties, and probably will be
rejected.
The Democracy met in caucus last evening
and nominated Judge Warner as theircandidate
for a seat on the Supreme bench. Judge Schlev
was second best. McDonald and others far be
hind. This may be regarded as a personal tri
umph for Warner. The Democracy had felt
his influence in the character ot Marplot, on
more than one occasion. They hated, feared
and rewarded him. “O, what will Mrs, Grundy
say ?”
P. S.—As bad as the proposed tax bill may
be, I fear we shall have to take a worse, that is,
the present. If the Legislature will not take
the responsibility of passing a tax-bill with
some slight advances towards equality, what
would you expect them to do with an ad valorem,
or just and -quitable bill ? A.
The Fall River Factories.— The Fall
River Monitor says; —“The Fall River Iron
Works Co., during the past summer, have built
another mammoth Factory, to run 22,000
spindles. Messrs. N. &J. Durfoe have also
erected during: the past season, a large steam
mill, to run 10,000 spindles—and the Pocasset
Manufacturing Co., have finished an extensive
addition to their GLuequechan Mill, in which
they have this season put 6000 additional spin
dles—which, together, will about double the
number of spindles now running in the Facto
ries of this place.”
The correspondent of the United States Ga
zette mentions as a fact highly creditable to the
members that, at the late drawing for seats in
the Hall of the House of Representatives, al
though Mr. Adams’s seat is one of the best,
j and his name was not drawn till full two-thirds
| had been drawn and chosen, yet no one thought
of selecting his seat and taking it from 1 im.
The Philadelphia papers announce the death
; of Commodore Jessee D. Elliott, of the U. S.
| Navy, who died at his residence in that city on
I Wednesday night, in the 63d year of hisage.
i He had been afflicted with a dropsical affection
I for five or six months privious to his decease.
Governor or Virginia. —Wm. Smith, Esq,
( of Culpeper county, has been elected Governor
I of Virginia, for three years from Ist January,
1846. '
The venerable John Cotton Smith died at his
residence in Litchfield count}', Connecticut, on
the 7th instant, in theßlst year of his age. He
was at the time of his death President of the
American Bible Society, and nearly a half a
centurv ago was one of the Representatives in
Congress from the State of Connecticut. He
also served the same State in the capacity of
Governor and in various other public trusts,
Indiana. —The Legislature of Indiana met
and was duly organized on the Ist instant. In
the House John S. Simonson was elected Speak
■ er. The Lieutenant Governor presides over
. the Senate.
In his annual message Gov. Whitcomb does
‘ not suggest any plan for restoring the credit of
the State, and’fulfilling its pecuniary obliga
. lions. On this subject the message contains the
. following:
’ “ The opinion has hitherto been nearly if not
1 quite universal among our citizens, as well as
l others acquainted with our condition and re
sources, that it is beyond ihe power ol the Slate
at present to fully meet its obligations,”
’ «■ it was stated in a quarter entitled to respet
) and confidence, at a meeting held in Terre Haute
. in May last, that if the State were to pay
to her bondholders.by a State tax and otherwise,
a por-ion of her public debt, it was thought that
1 they would be prepared to take the profits of the
• canal for the balance. The gentleman who ex
, pressed this opinion is now in attendance as the
representative of our foreign bondholders,and has
1 verbally advised m* that he will shortly prepare
* a communication offering a liberal arrangen ent,
a to be laid before the General Assembly.”
“That such an arrangement will be made as
’ will be satisfactory to our creditors, and will re
-1 store the tarnished escutcheon of Indiana to its
t original brightness 1 will not permit myself
e to doubt.”
I twenty-ninth congress.
in SENATE, 77 Dec. 10.
Leave was asked and granted to withdraw
from the files of the Senate the papers of various
privile claimants and refer them to the appro
priate Committee. r
Mi. Levy, in accordance with notice given
yesterday, introduced a bill to establish Courts
of the U. States and to provide for the due exe
cution ot the laws of the United States in the
Slat* ot Florida. Read tw ice and referred.
Mr. J. M. Clayton presented the resolutions
of tie Legislature of Delaware, instructing
their Senators and requesting their Representa
tives to urge an appropriation for the comple
tion of the Delaware Breakwater. Also in
favor of erecting forts at the Breakwater and on
Pea Patch Island.
Mr. Woodbridge, in accordance with pre
vious notice, introduced a bill to apply certain
alternate sections of the public domain towards
the completion of certain public works in the
State of Michigan. Read twice and referred.
Mr. Levy offered a resolution calling upon
the President of the United Stages for informa
tion relative to the timber lands owned by the
Government in Florida.
Mr. Hannegan introduced a bill to continue
the Cumberland Road in the States of Chio,
Indiana and Illinois. Read twice and referred!
Mr. J. M, Clayton offered a resolution call
ing upon the Secretary of the Treasury for in
formation as to the expediency of erecting a
light house oi Delaware Bay.
Mr. Dix introduced a bill to authorize the
Secretary of the Treasury to compromise with
the sureties of Sam’l. Swartwout, Referred to
the Judiciary.
Mr. J. M. Clayton renewed his resolution
offered yesterday relative to the printing of the
Senate, which was laid over until to-morrow.
Mr. Lewis introduced a bill forthe admission
of Texas into the Union. Referred to the
Judiciary.
A message was received from the President
of the U. States transmitting information rela
tive to the expediency of erecting a fort on Ship
Island. Referred to Committee on military
affairs.
Mr. Speight offered a resolution that the
Senate would to-morrow go into election of
printer Objected to, and laid over.
The Senate then proceeded to ballot for
Chairmen ot Committees not elected yesterday,
with the following result:
Post Office and Post Roads—Niles, 27, Bar
row 16.
Roads and Canals—Hannegan 27, Corwin 17.
Pensions—Upham 42.
District ot Columbia—Haywood 26, Miller
16.
Patents and Patent Office—Cameron 27,
Johnson, Md., 16.
Contingent Expenses—Niles 24, Greene 16.
Public Buildings—Cameron 27, Dayton 15,
Printing—Alherton 25, Upham 14.
Retrenchment—Lewis 25, Morehead 15,
Territories—Westcott 26, Bagby 7.
Engrossed Bills—Chalmers 25, Jarnigan 2.
Some difficulty then arose as to the election
of the balance ot the members of the Commit
tees, which ended in the choice ot the following
gentlemen for
Foreign Affairs—Messrs. Allen, Atherton,
Cass, Sevier and Archer.
Finance Committee—Messrs.Calhoun, Ben
ton, Evans Lewis, and Jenness.
Without filling up the remaining Commit
tees, the Senate adjourned.
HOUSE.
Mr. Douglass ot Illinois asked leave to pre
sent a Report for the admission of Texas into
the Union.
Objections were made, when Mr. Douglass
moved to suspend the Rules of the House, and
the motion prevailed by a vote of two thirds, the
House not dividing and the motion being car
ried viva voce by a vote of two-thirds, according
to the decision of the Speaker.
Mr. Douglass moved that his Report be made
the special order of the day for Tuesday next.
The Speaker pm the motion, and decided it
affirmatively, in a hurried manner.
Mr. Rockwell remonstrated and moved, as
he had done previously, that the Resolution ad
mitting Texas be referred to the Committee ot
the Whole.
The Chair declined to entertain the motion.
Mr. Schenck sitting beside Mr. Rockwell,
and Messrs. Chapman and Houston of Ala.,
all testified that the Speaker was wrong, and
that he had not made a correct decision.
The Speaker said that the only way to remedy
the wrong was to move a reconsideration.
A motion was made to that effect, but the ma
joiity refused to reconsider, notwithstanding
the admitted wrong decision oithe Speaker.
A Resolution having been introduced to elect
two Chaplains, of different denominations for
the Senate and House,
Mr. Pettit moved that “different denomina
tions” be stricken out, and upon this amend
ment Mr. P. took occasion to address the
House,
This amendment and the remarks of Mr. P.
led to a brief discussion, when there was call for
the previous question and the Resolution was
adopted.
Mr. John Guincy Adams then presented a re
monstrance against the annexation ot Texas,
and moved its reference to the Committee of the
whole on the State of the Union. A motion
was made by Mr. Boyd, of Ky., to lay it on the
table.
Mr. Adams called for the yeas and nays. The
vote was—Ayes 115, Noes 72.
Mr. Adams then presented a large number of
remonstrances from nearly all the free Stales,
all of which took the same reference. He oc
cupied some thirty minutes in presenting these
remonstrances in addition to the time occupied
last evening.
The Speaker next recognised Mr. Harman
son, ol La., who announced the death of General
Dawson, of La. His eulogy was brief and ap
propriate, commending the deceased for his vir
tues, and expressing the belie! that they were
more than his faults. The customary Resolu
tions of respect were introduced, and the House
adjourned.
The Baltimore papers having failed to reach
us by the mail last night, we make up a sum
mary of the bnsinesr o general interest, trans
acted on Thursday the 11th inst.
Ed. Chron, & Sent.
The Senate enacted the ridiculous farce of
adjourning over as a tribute of respect to Mr.
Dawson ol La., who was elected a member of
the present Congress but never took his seat.
The House consumed the day pretty much
in receiving petitions, memorials and remon
strances upon numerous subjects.
Sundiy notices of motions for leave to intro
duce bills were permitted to be given, whilst the
calls for petitions were pending. Such as we
were enabled to obtain are as follows:
By Mr. Smith of Illinois: A bill making ap
propri: Jons forthe national road, in Ohio, In
dians, Illinois and Missouri. j
; A fill granting to the State ol Illinois the right 1
of way through the public lands, to aid in the (
> construction of certain railroads, and for other j
i purposes. . .
A bill to repeal or so modify the joint resolu
tion of the 3d of March last, “directing the Se
eretary of the .Treasury to retain moneys ol cer
tain States indebted to the Unit’d States,” as
to exclude from the operation of said resolution
the three per cent, fund, set apart lor the en
couragement of learning by the “acts” of ad
mission ot certain new Stales into the Union.
By Mr. Wentworth: A bill to grant to the
Slate of Illinois an additional quantity of land
sufficient to make the amount received by her
equal to that received by Ohio.
Also, a bill to cede the public lands to the
States in which they lie, upon certain condi
tions.
By Mr, Stanton : A bill to establish a port of
entry at Memphis, in Tennessee.
By Mr. Ficklin : A bill for an approoriation
forthe national road, in Ohio, Indiana and Illi
nois.
HA bill to grant land to the States of Indiana
and Illinois, for the improvement of the Wa
bash river.
A bill to grant land to actual settlers under
certain limitations.
By Mr, Jacob Thompson : A bill to legalise
the sales of certain lands at the Chocchuma
and Columbus land offices, in Mississippi.
And the House adjourned till to-morrow 12
o’clock.
Report ofthe Secretary ofthe Navy.
We annex a synopsis of the prominent points
in this Report, which was transmitted to Con
gress with the President’s Message:
The first portion of the Report is descriptive
ofthe services of the various squadrons during
the past year. The Secretary has visited all
the Navy Yards except those at Pensacola and
Memphis; and he speaks of them all as in ex
cellent order. Pressure of business prevented a
visit to the yards at the South and Southwest.
A liberal provision at Pensacola of all the
means essential to a well furnished and efficient
Navy Yard is recommended, and a large esti
mate is presented. Memphis is esteemed as an
unfit place for the repairs of ships-of-war, but
it is thought that,ln buildingsteamships, itmay
compete with Boston, New York and Philadel
phia—with St. Louis, Cincinnati and Pitts
burgh. A rope-walk, with the latest improve
ments, is recommended at Memphis, that the
West may not only produce but manufacture
the hemp used in the American Navy. Some
of the details ofthe plan proposed for the Navy
Yard there, have been disapproved of; it was
extravagant, and contemplated the residence
there of many officers, civil and naval, who
would have been, in any event, useless. Con
gress is advised to confine its appropriations to
simple arrangements lor building and equipping
steamers, and the immediate construction of
the rope walk recommended.
The Report advises that the buildings of the
Naval Asylum at Philadelphia be never en
larged, but that, after they are lull, new pen
sioners be placed in some salubrious spot near
the ocean, where they can watch ships as they
come and go, and have old familiar objects
within their sight. There are more than a hun
dred veteran sailors in the Asylum at the pre
sent time.
The Secretary does not approve ol the em
ployment of professors and instructors at sea;
the ship is not friendly to study; the office of
professor rapidly degenerated into a sinecure. It
occurred to the Secretary that the best time for
imparting instruction to the midshipmen was
in the intervals between sea duty, when they
might be collected in a body. Congress had
permitted the department to pay lor migratory
professors $28,200; with this sum a school on
shore could be conducted with great success.
The course pursued by Ihe Secretary on this
subject has already been been made public.
He asked for Fort Severn, at Annapolis, as a
shelter lor the pupils; the Secretary of War
granted the request, and a school was imme
mediately organized on an unostentatious and
frugal plan. The Report says of it—
“ This institution, by giving some preliminary
instruction to the midshipmen before their first
cruise, by extending an affectionate but firm
supervision over them as they return from sea,
by providing for them suitable culture belore
they pass to a higher grade, by rejecting from
the service all who fail in capacity or in good
disposition to use their lime well, will go far to
renovate and improve the American navy.
The plan pursued has been unpretending, but,
it is hoped, will prove efficient. A lew profes
sors give more and belter instruction than four
and twenty at sea. No supernumerary officer
has been ordered to Annapolis; no idle man is
attached to the establishment. Commander
Buchanan, to whom the organizglion of the
school was intrusted, has carried his instructions
into effect with precision and sound judgment,
and with a wise adaptation of simple and mode
rate means to a great and noble end. Let not
Congress infer that new expenses are to be
incurred. Less than the amount that has hither
to been at the disposition of the department for
purposes of culture will support the school, and
repair and enlarge the quarters, received fiom
the hospitality ofthe army.”
To render the difficulty of communicating
with our ships in the Pacific a public mail
through our own territory to a convenient port
in the Straits of Juan de Fuca is suggested.
Arrangements should also be made lor getting
supplies lor our Pacific squadron from our own
soil and onr own citizens in that region. The
subject of Lake defences is reserved for a special
communication.
The present contract system requires modifi
cation, solhatno fraud to the United States may
shield itself under the letter ot the law, or con
tracts be given out at prices exceeding the mar
ket price.
The balance of appropriations on hand will,
it is believed, with the exercise of rigid econo
my, be sufficient for the remainder ot che fiscal
year. The estimates lor the next year contem
plate no increase in the force employed daring
the present. Those for the civil department
arc precisely the same as were granted lor the
current year. For the improvement of Yards
and Docks a sum is recommended sufficient
only lor their absolute wants.
The evil ot the Marine Corps, a very ser
viceable branch ofthe service, is its luxury of
field-officers, who have no duties to perform pro
portionate to their pay. This burden has been
increased within the lastyear. Although about
two thirds of the corps were, in summer, on
ship board, all the field officers remained on
shore. Os thirteen captains, but one is at sea;
of forty lieutenants, about seven are at sea.
At one shore station a major, a captain and three
lieutenants have had charge ot about twenty
eight men. An increase of the officers of the
corps is, therefore, not needed for naval pur
poses, even on an increase of the men.
No estimates are presented for an increase of
the Navy, the Department preferring to await
the instruction of Congress on that subject,
“Yet,” remarks the Report, “it is to be observed
that, in comparison with other nations, our navy
is poorly supplied with sea-going steamers —
which cannot, indeed, in the present slate of
science, form the main reliance of a squadron,
I but, as auxiliaries, are of vast advantage. The
1 Mississippi and the Princeton are our only effl
, dent vessels of that character on the ocean.
1 Should it be determined to increase this class of
I ships, it is desirable that the best experience
'■-houldbe consulted in their construction; andi
that doubtless novelties, especially such as con
flict with the known laws of mechanical forces,
should be disregarded.”
The annual cost ot the Navy is declared to
be disproportionate to its magnitude; and the
system ot its organization and prelerments, it is
contended, deprives merit of hope, by conferring
the highest rank in the profession without much
regard to capacity or previous activity in the
public service.
The efficiency of the service is said to de
mand a reduction in the number of officers in.
active service or awaiting orders. There are
so.many captains and commanders, that under
existing laws, were all capable of commands,
and each cruise to consist of three years, each
captain would be at sea once in twelve years,
each commander once in eighteen years. '
The experience of the summer just past has
convinced the Secretary that a large number of
captains and of commanders might, with public
advantage, be placed on furlough, and smaller
proportions of other grades. He is of the opinion
that, if this should be done, a Board of Officers
properly constituted, and the records of the de
partment, with other information within reach,
would readily make the necessary discrimina
tions.
The number of midshipmen in the Navy has
gradually become so reduced that new appoint
ments begin to be made, and the Secretary sug
gests that it would be desirable if a system of
tree competition for appointments could be de
vised. Believing that the number ot these offi
cers should be brought within a still narrower
limit than that at present established by law,
he recommends that for every five vacancies
only two should be appointed. A remedy is
needed for an evil growing out of the manner
in which pursers are paid. A great love of the
shore has obtained among these officers, and it
is proposed to break it down by making it the
pecuniary interest ot pursers to go to sea.—
Changes in the present law are ,aid to be re
quired to protect the Treasury and to secure the
prompt payment ot balances by the pursers.
The excess of officers, it is remarked, exists
almost exclusively in the higher grades of the
Navy. An increase ot six acting gunners is
thought lo be needful.
The apprentice system will soon be revived.
Heretofore it has not been wholly successful,
but the failure is attributed to defects ot arrange
ment, and not lo the system itself.
The document closes with some remarks
highly complimentary to the character of Amer
ican seamen,
A machine for rolling tobacco has recently
been invented which, it is said, will work a com
plete revolution in the manufacture of that
article. Three boys to tend the machine will
do the work of thirteen men in the usual mode
of manufacturing, thus saving $1,330 per an
num. One machine will turn out 1,500 pound
lumps per .day, or 450,000 per annum. The
cost of three boys is estimated at $240, while
to do the same work in the ordinary way the
cost of thirteen men at $l2O each, (slaves are
here considered) will be $1,500 ; thus saving by
this machine $1,320. The leaves in the pro
cess are laid straight, and the rolling is done as
neatly as that done bv hand. The machine is
not larger, it is said, than a' rat trap , is extreme
ly simple, and well adapted to the making of
segars.— N. Y. News.
Emigration to Texas.— A citizen of Van
Buren, Ark. who went on an exploring trip
through Texas early in September last, and
who lately returned bv way of Galveston and
New Orleans, informs the editor of the Frontier
Whig that the emigration to Texas by water
from foreign countries and the Stales, is im
mense. “We can say,” adds the editor, “ upon
our own knowledge, that the travel through this
place, in that direction, during the last few weeks
has been unprecedentedly great. Without doubt,
that new country is rapidly settling up.
A gentleman who has travelled the whole
length of the Illinois river, and taken an account
of the wheat in store ready for shipment, stales
there are nowin that country three hundred and
thirty-four thousand bushels, waiting an oppor
tunity to be shipped to market. —Alton Telegraph.
COMMERCIAL.
New York, Dec. 10.
There is rather more doing in foreign bills, but the
rates are without material change.
The export of Cotton Goods from this Port from Ist
to 9lh Dec. were 1074 packages.
Cotton—The maiket continues quiet, as before re
ported, with moderate transactions to spinners at full
prices. We cannot learn that shippers are doing any
thing. Holders are firm and the stock ou the market
small.
Flour—' There was a considerable demand to-day from
shippers at $6.25, but we did not hear of many transac
tions. One lot of 1000 bbls was taken at that figure,
and we heard of about 1000 bbls more in lots at the
same rate. The market should probably be quoted at
$6.25® $6,374 for fair and good common brands. Flour
Freights are more plenty, and a ship was taken up for
Liverpool at 3s 3d sterling.
New Orleans, December 8.
The day opened with rainy, cloudy and sultry wea
ther, giving a dull and uncomfortable feeling to every
thing ; and it appears that this state of the atmosphere
has exerted its influence on business, for very seldom,
except in the month of August, have aye seen a duller
day of business than to-day. Our leading article, Col
ton, felt its influence, as not over 2000 bales changed
hands, but this small amount must be. in a measure,
ascribed to the high pretensions of factors, sales hav
ing been at very full rates.
COTTON STATEMENT.
/Stock on hand Ist Sept. 1845 Bales 7.705
Arrived up to the7thinst .....310,650
Arrived up to to-night. 2,453
320,808
Exported up to the 6th. 201,893
Exported to-day 3,255-205,143
Stock on hand and on ship-board, not cleared.. 115,660
Sugar —The cloudy, damp atmosphere has been
against this article ; still, aboutSOO hhds found purcha
sers. though at rather easier rates.
Freights— There have been no new engagements, but
vessels on the berth for Liverpool are filling up at Jd.
Exchange— Without alteration.
Mobile, Dec 9lh.
Cotton.— There has been more activity in the cotton
market to-day. and sales will reach about 2500 bales, at
somewhat improved rales. For the last three days
there has been a gradual improvement, and prices have
now attained an advanca of fully cent over the
lowest point last week.
In other articles the market is extremely dull.
Rivera— At last accounts there was a rise ot four feel
at Demopolis.
MARINE LIST.
Savannah, Dee. 12.
Cleared— Brig Exact, Johnson, New York,
Charleston, Dec. 13.
Arrived— Ship Harriet & Jessie, Conner, Liverpool.
Cleared—Ship Thomas Bennett, Varnum, Liverpool ;
Rr ship Frances, Corkhill, Liverpool; schr Merchant,
Kean, West Indies.
JEFFERSON County, Georgia :
Whereas John Woods, executor of the last
will and testament of George Fowler, late of said
county, deceased, applies for letters of dismis
sion therefrom, stating that he has fully admin
istered the same:
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all
and singular, the kindred and creditors of said de- .
ceased, to be and appear at my office within the
time prescribed by law, to show cause, if any they
have, why said letters should not be granted-.
Given under my hand at office in Louisville.
EBENEZES. BOTH WELL, Clerk,
l December 15, 1845.