Newspaper Page Text
Daily Chronicle & Sentinel
BV W. S. JONES.
[From the Baltimore Sun.]
Intervention of Great Britain and France.
The correspondence on this subject, consists of
a letter from Mr. Crampton, of the British Lega
tion at Washington, dated November 12th, 1851, j
referring to certain information he had previously
communicated to the Secretary of State to the
effectl'that her Majesty’s ships of war on the
West Indian station had received orders to pre
vent by force any adventurers of any nation from
landing with hostile intent upon the Island of
Cuba. .
Mr. Crampton’s letter incloses a copy of his in
structions from Lord Palmerston. A communi
cation similar in character had been made by M.
de Sartiges, of the,.French legation, to which Mr.
Crittenden made the subjoined reply: I
Acting Secretary of State to M. de Sartiges.
D;:fartment of State, )
Washington, 22d October, 1851. J
The undersigned, acting Secretary of State of
the United States, has the honor to remind M.
de Sartiges, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of the French Republic, that, in
the interview which he had with him on the Bth
inst., he stated that he might have occasion to
address him in writing upon the subject of the
information which M. de Sartiges then com
municated, that the French Government had
issued orders to its ships of war in the West In
dies to give assistance to Spain, and to prevent by
force any adventurers of any nation from landing
with hostile intent or the Island of Cuba.
Having imparted that information to the Presi
dent, the undersigned has now the honor, by his
direction, to address M. de Sartiges in regard to
it.
M. de Sartiges is apprized that a few days pri
or to;the interview adverted to, the Charge d’ Af
fairs of her Britannic Majesty had given to this
Department official notice that his Government
had issued similar orders to its naval forces. The
President had regarded this as a matter of grave
importance, but its gravity is greatly increased
by the concurreuce and co-operation of France in
the same measure.
It cannot be doubted that these orders have
been occasioned by the recent unlawful expedi
tions of less than five hundred men, which, hav
ing evaded the vigilance of this Government
and escaped from New Orleans, were landed by
the steamer Pampero upon the Island of Cuba,
and were soon captured, and many of them ex
ecuted. That such an accident should have in
cited the combined action of two great European
Powers, tor an object to which neither of them is
a direct party, and in a manner that may serious
ly affect the people of the U. States, cannot fail
to awaken the earnest consideration of the Presi
dent.
He cannot perceive the necessity or propriety
of such orders; while he entertains the strongest
apprehensions that tbeir execution by French
and British eruisers will be attended with in
jurious and dangerous consequences to the com
merce and peace of the U. States. They cannot
be carried into effect without a visitation, exami
nation, and consequent detention of our vessels,
ou our own shore 3, and in great channels of our
coasting trade; and this must invest British and
French cruisers with the jurisdiction of deter
mining, in the first instance, at least, what are
the expeditions denounced in their orders, and
who are the guilty persons engaged in them.
It is plain, however different may have been
the intention of the respective governments, that
the exercise of such a power and jurisdiction
could hardly fail to lead to abuses and collisions
perilous to the peace that now so happily pre
vails. By such au interference, those Govern
ments seem to assume an attitude unfriendly to
the United States. The President will not, how
ever, allow himself to believe that this interven
tion has been intended as an admonition or re
proach to this government. He has signally
manifested his condemnation of all such lawless
enterprises, and has adopted active measures for
their prevention and suppression. It must also
be known to the governments of France and
England, in ooinmaa witk all tko world., tknt
this government, since it took its place amongst
nations, has careiully preserved its good faith,
and anxiously endeovored to fulfil all its obliga
tion*, conventional and national. And this it
has done from motives far above any apprhen
sion of danger to itself. From its beginning,
under the present constitution, it has sedulously
cultivated the policy of peace, of not intermed
dling in the affairs of others, and of preventing by
highly jienal enactments, any unlawful inter
ference by its citizens to disturb the tranquility
of countries with which the United States were
in amity.
Te this end; many such enaatments have been
made —the first as early as the year 1794, and
the last as late as 1833. The last having ex
pired by its own limitation, and all the preced
ing legislation.on the subject having been com
prehended in the act of Congress of the 20th
April, 1848, it is unnecessary to do more than to
refer M. de Sartiges to its provisions, as marking
the signal anxiety and good faith of this Govern
ment to restrain persons within its jurisdiction
from committing any acta inconsistent with the
rights of others, or its own obligations. These
laws were intended to comprehend, and to pro
tect from violation, all our relations with, and
duties to. countries at peace with us, and to pun
ish any violations of them by our citizens as
crimes against the United States. In this mani
festation of its desire to preserve just and peace
ful relations with all nations, it is believed that
the United States have gone before and further
than any of the older Governments of Europe.
Without recapitulating all the provisions of those
laws by which the United States have so care
fully endeavored to prohibit every act that could
be justly offensive to their neighbors, it is deemed
enough for this occasion to say that they de
nounce all such enterprises or expeditions as
those against which the orders in question are
directed.
The undersigned thinks it is of importance
enough to call the attention of M. de Sartiges
more directly to this 1 iw. A literal copy of it is
accordingly herewith communicated.
Besides the ordinary legal process, it authorizes
the President to employ the military and naval
forces of the country for the purpose of prevent
ing such expeditious, and arresting for puuish
ment those concerned in them. In the spirit of
this law the President condemns such expedi
tions against the Island of Cuba, as are denounced
by the orders in question, and has omitted noth
ing for their detention and prevention. To that
end he has given orders to civil, naval and mili
tary officers, from New York to New Orleans,
and has enjoined upon them the greatest vigi
lance ami energy. His course on the subjeet has
been in all things clear, and direct. It has been
no secret, and the undersigned must presume that
it has been fully understood and known to M. de
Sartiges. An appeal might confidently be made
to the vigilant and enlightened minister of Spain
that his suggestions for the prevention of such
aggressions, or the prosecution of offenders en
gaged in them, have been promptly considered,
and, if found reasonable, adopted by the Presi
dent. His course, it is believed, has been above
all question or just complaint. This government
is determined to execute its laws, and in the per
formance of this duty ean neither ask nor re
ceive foreign aid. If, notwithstanding all its
efforts, expeditions of small force hostile to Cuba
have, in a single vessel or steamer, excited by
Cubans themselves, escaped from our extensive
shores —such an accident ean furnish no ground
of imputation either upon the law or its admin
istration. Every country furnishes instances
enough of infractions and evasions of its laws,
which no power or vigilance can effectually
guard against.
It need not be feared that any expeditious of
a lawless and hostile character ean eseape from
the United States es sufficient fora* to ereate any
alarm for the safety of Cuba, or against which ]
Spain might not defend it with the slightest j
exertion of herjwwer. The President is persuaded
that none can escape detection and prevention,
except by their minuteness and insignificance.
None certainly can escape which could require
the combined aid of France and England to re
sist or suppress. Cuba will find a sure, if not its
surest protection and defence in the justice and
good faith of the United States.
There is another point of view in which this
intervention on the part of France and England
cannot be viewed with indifference by the Pre
sident.' The geographical position of the Island
of Cuba, in the Gulf of Mexico, lying at no great
distance from the mouth of the Tiver Mississippi,
and, in the line of the greatest current of
the commerce of the United States, would be
come, in the hands of any powerful European
nation, an object of just jealousy and apprehen
sion to the people of this country. A due regard
to their own safety and interest must therefore
make it a matter of importance to them who
shall possess and hold dominion over that island.
The Government of France and those of other
European nations were long since officially ap-
I prized by this Government that the United
States could not see, without concern, that island
transferred by Spain to any other European
State. President Fillmore fully concurs in this
sentiment, and is apprehensive that the sort of
protectorate introduced by the orders in question
might in contingencies not difficult to be im
agined, lead to results equally objectionable.
If it should appear to M. de Sartiges that the
President is too apprehensive on this subject, this
must be attributed to his great solicitude to guard
the friendly relations between the two countries
against all contingences and causes of distur
bance. The people of the United States have
long cherised towards France the most amica
ble sentiments, and recent events, which made
her a republic, have opened new sources of fra
ternal sympathy. Harmony and confidence
would seem to be the natural relations of the
two great republics of theworid; relations de
manded no less by their permanent interests
than by circumstances and combinations in conti
nental Europe which now seem to threaten so
imminently the cause of free institutions. The
United States have nothing to fear from those
convulsions, nor are they propagandists, but they
have at Ireart the cause of freedom in all coun
tries. and believe that the example of the two
great republics of France and America, with
their moral and social influences co-operating
harmoniously, would go far to promote and to
strengthen that cause.
It is with these views that the President so
much desires the cultivation of friendly feelings
between the two countries, and regards with so
much concern any cause that may tend to pro
duce collision or alienation. He believes that
this Cuban intervention is such a cause.
The system of government which prevails
most generally in Europe is adverse to the prin
ciples upon which this republic has been foun
ded, and the undersigned is well aware that the
difference between them is calculated to produce
([istrust of, if not aversion to, the government of
tne United States. Sensible of this, the people
of this country are naturally jealous of European
interference in American affairs. And although
they would not impute to France, now herself a
republic, any participation in this distrustful and
unfriendly feeling towards their government,
yet the undersigned must repeat that her inter
vention in this instance, if attempted to be ex
ecuted ia the only practicable mode for its effec
tual execytion, could not fail to produce some
irritatior, if not worse consequences. The
French cruisers, sailing up and down the shores
of the United States, to perform their needless
task of protecting Cuba, and their ungracious
office of watching the people of this country, as
if they were fruitful of piracies, would be regard
ed with some feelings of resentment, and the
flag which they bore—a flag that should always
be welcome to the sight of Americans—would
be looked at as casting a shadow of unmerited
and dishonoring suspicion upon them and their
government.
The undersigned will add, that all experience
seems to prove that the rights, interests, and
peace of tiie continents of Europe and America
will be best preserved by the forbearance of each
to interfere in the affairs of the other. The Gov
ernment of U>« Utilted States he* constantly
acted on that principle, and has never intermed
dled in European questions.
The President has deemed it proper to the oc
casion that his views should be thus fully and
frankly presented for the friendly consideration
of M. de Sartiges and his government, in order
that all possible precaution may be used to avert
any misunderstanding, and every cause or con
sequence that might disturb the peace, or alien
ate in the least the sentiments of confidence and
friendship which now bind together the republics
of the United States and France.
The undesigned avails himself of this occasion
tooffertoM.de Sartiges the assurances of his;
very distinguished consideration. J. J. Critten
den.
Mr. Sartiges rejoins, and endeavors to “estab
lish, in a distinct manner, the two following
points: first, that the instructions issued by the
Government of the Republic were spontaneous \
and isolated; secondly, that those instructions
were exclusive, for an exclusive case, and appli
cable only to the class, and not to the nationali
ty of any pirate or adventurer that should at
tempt to land in arms on the shores of a lriendly
power. He had added that the existing laws in
regard to the right of search—law's about which
the susceptibilities of the French Government
are as forcibly roused as those of the Government
of the United States—were neither nor indirect
ly affected by the order to repel violence by
force; since the instructions which have been is
sued to the commanding officer of the French
station were only intended to apply to a case of
piracy, the article of the maritime code in force
concerning pirates. In again asserting these
two points categorically, as ne now does, the un
dersigned thinks that he has removed all cause
of prejudice on the part of the President, both as
regards the importance of an act agreed upon in
advance on the part of France and England, and
the likelihood that the laws which govern the
right of search will be in the least affected. He
will add that the attitude assumed by President
Fillmore and by his cabinet, under these lamen
table circumstances, has been so upright, that the
French Government, so far from intending to
imply doubts, which did not exist, by the mea
sures it spontaneously adopted, it liad, on the
contrary, reason to believe that it would find in
those same latitudes the American squadron ac
ting in th<* same spirit and pursuing a similar
object. This consideration must prevent any
false construction tending to give to this act of
the Republican Government the appearance of
ail admonition or of a reproach tacitly addressed
to the Government of the United States, and nev
er contemplated by the French Government.”
M. de Sartiges, in the course of some further
remarks, has the following rather significant
paragraph:
“His Government, which understands the
complicated nature as well as the importance of
the relations existing between the United States
and Cuba, has seriously considered the declara
tion formerly mail* by the Government of the
United States, and which has been renewed on
this occasion, ‘that the Government could not
see with indifference the island of Cubs pass
from the hands of Spain into those of another
European State.’ The French Government is
likewise of opinion that, in case it should com
port with the interests of Spain at some future
day to part with Cuba, the possession of that is
land, or the protectorship of the same, ought not
tofall upon any of the great maratime Powers
of the World.”
To this letter Mr. Webster briefly replies
“that the apprehensions of this Government and
the reasons therefor, in regard to the orders re
ferred to, are considered to have been frankly and
fully stated in the note of Mr. Crittenden of the
22d of October last. And, inasmuch as M. de
Sartiges now avers that tbs French Government
had only in view the sxseotioa of the provision
of its maratime code against pirates, further dis
cussion of the subject would seem to be for the
present unnecessary.” And here the correspon
dence closes.
AUGUSTA, GA.
FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 19.
The Mails, &c.
The recent seveTe weather experienced has
disarranged the mails.
The Savannah papers failed to reach us yester
day.
The Western mail did not arrive until about
1 P. M.
The Noithern mail failed from offices north of
Charleston. The telegraph wires are down be
tween Columbia and Washington City.
In the Whig caucus, which adopted the Compro
mise, there were about forty members, and one-third
of these voted to lay the resolve in favor of the Com
promise on the table. The Whigs have ninety
members in the House; and, accordingly, only
twenty-seven of them appeared in caucus to vote for
tho Compromise!
We clip the above from a ‘’Southern Rights’"
paper, for the purpose of saying it is all wrong,
every line of it. The official report, the state
ments of Mr. Brooks, Mr. Cabell and others on
the door of Congress, and numerous letters
from Washington from reliable sources, all show
that, instead of only “ forty ” there were between
fifty and sixty members present; that, instead of
“one-third,” there were but three to five who
“ voted to lay the resolve on the table;” and that,
instead of “only twenty-seven,” there were
over fifty who “appeared in the caucus” and
voted for the Compromise. Besides, the Whigs
have not “ ninety members in the House the
highest number given is eig/Uy-seuen, among these
are several free-soilers, or “tree democrats.” as
Giddings styles himself, who have ceased to act
with the Whig party and are not now claimed
as Whigs. This is the plain truth. —Mobile Ad
vertiser. ■»
It is quite amusing, as well as instructive, to
witness the efforts of the Southern disunion or
gans to detract from the character, consequence
and numbers of the Whig Cougressional caucus,
while they, in their exclusive devotion to South
ern rights, vindicate the Democratic caucus,
which repudiated the Compromise resolution,
a measure which two-thirds of the Southern
people aequiesce in. These exclusive guardians
of southern institutions, seem to embrace with
peculiar cordiality, Rantoul, Preston King,
and their colaborers in abolition and freesoil,
and defeud their rejection of the compromise
resolution, while they traduce and misrepresent
the Whig caucus which adopted it.
Could any act prove more conclusively, to the
impartial mind, that the “five loaves and two
fishes,” which this coalition of Southern agita
tors with Northern abolitionists and freesoilers
promises to secure, form the basis of this alliance?
What other motive could operate to bring to
gether in fraternal embrace, the two extreme fic
tions, and unite them upon a caucus nomina
tion? None —None. And the Southern men
who have united in the caucus, or vindicated
the coalition, have shown themselves not only
capable but ready and willing to sacrifice the
South and liar institutions to secure a party a
triumph by which they may obtain control of the
spoils. Verily, Mr. Calhoun had a very just
conception of the “ cohesive power of the pub
lic plunder.” Let the people, reflect oil the
scenes which are now enacting by the leaders of
the Abolitionists, Freesoilers and Southern
Agitators at Wasliingion, and determine their
course accordingly.
Impoitant Invention-
The New York Farmer and Mechanic has an
engraving of a new apparatus, invented by R.
C. PoHxnoT of Ohio, called a “ Locomotive
and track attachment, 7 ’ “by which,
says that journal, an engine and train of cars
can easily and safely—with scarcely no hin
drance—bo made to ascend and descend inclined
planes, even where it is necessary to have a
heavy curve. Judging from the movements of
the model which we have seen operate, the pre
sent proposed appendage to the locomotive and
the railroad track, would seem to obviate a dis
Acuity which has long been in the way of the
cheap construction of such roads. Places there
aro, where this invention apparently affords the
only means (apart from stationary power) by
which the advantages of a railway could be se
cured ; —as for instance, where a road is sought
from mines and quarries on a high location to the
plains below, or where it is desired to connect
roads over high grades; and we can not. there
fore, but regard this invention as one of great
public utility.
“ The arrangement consists of putting the
driving wheels of the locomotive loosely upon
the axle, and connecting them therewith by
means of clutches. The axle has a gear attach
ed to it, which can be thrown in or out in any
convenient way, as the clutch is detached from
the wheels, or attached to them so as to connect
the driving power with a permanent rack laid
down upon the road, by which it is drawn up
or let down an inclined plane, with a velocity
and power commensurate with the proportion
of the gearing. The inside surface of the hub
of the driving wheels, has a projection inwards
w ith a clutch upon it, matching its correspond
ing clutch which is attached to the gear. The
cranks may be fastened either upon the inside
or outside of the driving wheels. When the
clutches are coupled, the engine works like any
ordinary locomotive, but when the wheels are
uncoupled, they play loosely on the axle, and
act ns mere trucks or carrying wheels.”
The Weather. — Tuesday, Wednesday and
Thursday, (yesterday) have been three of the
coldest consecutive days that have occurred in
this latitude for many years. The thermometer
in the shade indicating a point below freezing
nearly through the entire day each day, and at
sunrise in the morning varying from 10 te 18
degrees above That they have been en
joying a similar luxury northwest of us, is quite
apparent from the subjoined extracts:
Nashville , Dec. 16 —There was a slight full of
snow Minday night. The wind before day, got
around to the northwest, and gave us a taste of
real winter weather. At 8 o'clock, A. >!., the
thermometer registered 18 degrees. The change
was quite sudden, Sunday afternoon and early
in the evening being pleasant
Louisville , Dec - 15, Ilf.—Rained nearly nil day
Sunday till 8 P. M., when it commenced snow
ing, and this A- M. the ground is covered with
snow.
A statistical writer in the Boston Daily Ad
vertiser shows, by an examination of the Har
vard College catalogue for 200 years, that clergy
men have a greater chance for long life than
laymen..
Correspondence of the Chronicle if Sentinel.
Washinotow, Dee 6 1851.
Sevaath United States Cenau •
The Industrial statistics collected in taking
the seventh Cans s, are just beginning to reach
the public, and present many interesting facts.
The entire capital invested in various maufac
tures in the United States, on the first of June,
1850, not including any establishment which
produce lesss than the annual value of SSOO,
was in round numbers, $530,000,000. \ alue
of raw material consumed in the previous year,
$550,000,000. Amount paid for labor, $240,-
000,000. Number of persons employed l/'50,-
000. Value of manufactured articles $1,020,-
300,000 . • . ,
If we add 8 percent, on the capital employed
in manufactures, for depreciation iu value,
from the wear and tear of machinery, to the
cost of raw materials consumed, the two sums
are $592,400,000; which substracted from the
aggregate product, shows that 1,050,000 me
chanical operatives called into existence $427,-
900 000 worth of property in a year These
figures give an average product to each male
and female employed in manufactures the hand
some sum of $407. If the same person, had
been employed in agriculture, with equal skill
and industry, and the products of their labor re
mained at the prices realized for all the agricul
tural staples of the country. Ido not hesitate
to say, from a pretty thorough knowledge of
farm statistics, that the average return would
not exceed the half of $407 for each laborer.
A great many mechanics and small manufac
turers labor for themselves, and the money paid
for wage*,'is alike uncertaiu and unsatisfactory.
Thereto he wrong to subtract tho
suii'*retM^^^Vpa l d' ($240,000,000; from
$ the remainder is the
capital
pO j;i of productive in
dustry. Tne fsfeat truth of these statistics is this;
Oae million fifty thousand persons of both sexes
employed in manufacturing pursuits, (mainly
intending wealth creating machinery) annually
produce twice as much as an equal number em
ployed in agriculture. The soundness of this
position will more fully appear when we get
the official figures showing the number of per
sons employed in tillage and husbandry iu the
United States, and the value of the anuual pro
ducts of their labor. The agricultural statistics
already published reveal many curious facts.
Thus Maryland, with an area of 9,356 square
miles contains but 21,860 farms; while little
Delaware, with an area of only 2,120 square
miles, has 46,760 farms. The difference in the
size of farms taking the whole surface into the
account, is about as nine to one. This, how
ever, does not exhibit the truth of the matter,
because Maryland contains a much larger quan
tity of land not included in farms, pro raia, than
Delaware Maryland contains 7,040,000 acres ;
while its farms include only 4,638,717 acres; of
these, 2,797,905 are returned as “improved
land,” and 1,840,912 as “unimprovedjland.”
The average size ofthe farms in Maryland is
212 1-5 acres ; and their aggregate value $85,-
938,257 ; being between $lB and sl9 per acre,
The culture of tocacco was considerably less
in 1849, than in 1839, acco ding to the official
returns. The recent census shows a crop of
21,199,281 pounds; that of 1840, was 24,816-,
i»l2 pounds. In the product of corn and wheat
there is an important gain. The crops of 1849,
were of corn 11,104,631 bushels, of wheat,
4 256,957 bushels. In 1839, corn 8,233 086;
wheat 3,345,783 bushels.
It was a great oversight iu the Census Board,
not to ascertain the number of acres cultivated
to produce the leading staples of the several
states. The writer endeavored to get this defect
iu the schedules corrected before they were sent
out ofthe office for use, but failed, b>oauso the
value of agricultural statistics is not duly ap
preciated by one iu a hundred. I pointed out
the fact, that the same space in the blank schedu
les which is filled with a return of the quantity
of maple molasses, (1,435 gallons) produced in
Maryland, woul I give the acres plsnted in to
bacco; so too the same column that contains the
pounds of silk cocoons, (ouly 87 in the whole
state) would suffice to show the acres planted in
corn. Had the few gallons of wino been omit
ted, the area devoted to wheat culture in every
county in the Union might have been known,
and the yield per acre.
Regarding truthful statistics as the basis of all
wise legislation, I took a deep interest in the
arrangement of the Tables for taking the
seventh Census. In reterenco to population,
deaths, sanitary reforms, commerce, and manu
factures, the arrangement is admirable, and re
flects great credit upon its author; but in all
that relates to agriculture and husbandry, it be
trays a profound ignorance of the whole sub
ject. To give the crop of bees wax, honey and
broom corn, in Georgia, Alabama and Missis
sippi, the land devoted to Cotton Corn and
Wheat is entirely lost sight of. Information of
the highest practical value to the farming, manu
facturing and commercial interests, is wholly
overlooked ; while the merest trifles are para
ded as matters of vast importance.
These remarks are made with reluctance, and
only with a view to improve the schedules for
collecting agricultural statistics heroaiter. In
no other way can the Legislature of Georgia,
nowin session, do so much to promote agricul
ture and increase the wealth ofthe State, with
the same cost, as to direct the collectors of coun
ty taxes to ascertain the number ot acres on
every farm, cultivated in cettou, corn and wheat,
and the yield ofthe same, from year to year.
These annual returns would show iu what coun
ties land was tilled to the best advantage—a
showing not made by the United States Census,
but one which is greatly needed in all the plant
ing states. It was »be State Census of New
York, which laid the foundation of her great
ness ; and one of her sons, who lias bone
an humble part iu her improvements, during
the last quarter of a century, confesses his anxie
ty to sse the Legislature Georgia bring out the
whole truth in all that appertains to its produc
tive industry. Wait not for Congress to do
this; for now is the time to use the labor and
money employed in agriculture in a more pro
fitable way. From Delaware to the Rio Grande,
it is the prevailing error to spread out capital
and labor over t#o large an area of land, for its
economical improvement, and the h’ghest re
ward of tho cultivator. When the agricultural
statistics of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia
aro all accessible, so far as they exteud, I will
review them with rsforenco to their returns in
eash and in produce, according to capital and
labor for the readers ofthe Chronicle &• Senti
nel. Nor will the statistics of Georgia and other
cot’on growing states be negclected. Mary
land ha 526,524 farmers; and one ofthe best
evidences of their substantial progress iu the
last decade is the faet, that their crop of hay has
increased from 106,687 tons in 1810, to 145,1-70
in 1850. Their orchards yield about 60 per
cent, more money now than they did ten years
ago . This is a hint that ought to tell in Geor
gia. I wish I could praise tho farmers of Ma
ryland for their slteep-hnsbandry and clover
culture ; but I cannot. It is no more than jus.
tice to say that both are better now than at the
previous census; although so far short of
what they should be, that I cannot commend
either. 177,153 Sheep yield only 477,438 lbs.
of wool; whereas they ought to clip at least
five pounds per head, as they are mostly large
mutton sheep.
I will conclude this statistical letter with a
few facts taken from a recent report made to
the English parliament, showing the agricul
tural capabilities of laud even in the cold cli
mates of Scotland and England (I condense,
and therefore use my own language instead of
that of the report,) 220 Scotch acres near
Edinburgh, (oua fifth larger than ours) are
irrigated by the aewerage of the city The
grass grown par sere is WJ tons, of 2240 lbs to
the ton, m year. The ground lets at over 20
pounds sterling per annum. Near Glasgow a
dairy of 700 cows is kept mostly on Italian rye
grass. A part of this is depastured, and a part
cut and fed to the cows in yards or stables.
Ten cuttings a year of this grass, as thick as it
could well grow, have been realized in Scot
land. Mr. Telfer has kept 36 cows four
months, near the town of Ayr, on the grass
grown on 3£ acres—four an one fifth acres our
measures. Scotch farmers are in some in
stances- selling both milk and better cheaper
than these articles are in Angusta, and pay as
high as 31 pounds sterling a year for the use
of irrigated land on which to feed their cows.
Mr. Dickinson, who has a tenacious clay farm
not far from London, estimates his yield of
Italian rye "grass at from 80 to 100 tons a year,
according to the temperature. He gets from
Bto 10 cuttings. Butter made from this grass
sells at a premium of 2d per lb for its extra fla
vor and color. These men all farm for profit
—not for show. Compare the agricultural and
manufacturing resources of Great Britain with
those of Georgia, and see how vastly the latter
excel. L.
. Legislative Proceedings.
MiLLEDGKVILLE, Deo. 16, 1851.
It affords me pleasure to inform you that the
Houso has reconsidered the motion, lost on yester
day, to print Mr. Tift’s bill, an abstract of which
you have.
The bill to establish election precints at all the
Magistrates Court grounds in this State, was amend
ed, so as to apply to the counties of Cass, Clinch,
Gordon, Pike, Spaulding and a few others, and passed
by a vote of 69 to 33.
On motion ofMr. Bartow, the House reconsider
ed the bill lost on yesterday, releasing certain sure
ties in Chattooga, from tho payment of a forfeited
bond.
The first special order for tho day—the Tax bill—
was taken up and postponed to Friday next.
The 2nd special order of tho day—the bill giving
the election of Judges of the Suporior Courts, to
the people, was taken up, and Mr. Seward offered as
a substitute, tho bill of the same import, introduced
by Mr. ltussell, on yesterday. The House was em
ployed in amending the original and substitute, at
the hour of adjournment.
Tho bill amendatory of the constitution, so as to
restore annual sessions of the Legislature, was re
considered in the Senate, by tho casting vote of
the President. Yeas 19, nays 19.
Mr. Simmons, from the Judiciary Committee, re
ported a bill to add a clause to tho 7th section, 7th
article of tho constitution, as a substitute for tho
bill to abolish capital punishment in certain oasos.
Also, a bill to incorporate tho Lawrenceville Rail
road Company.
Mr. Cone introduced a bill to alter tho 7th sec
tion, Ist article of tho constitution. If this bill
passes, it will fix the numbor of members in the
lower House, to a certain maximum. And, to
maintain that number, some county or counties
now entitled to two members by law, will loso ono
of its or their members, whenover any new eounty
or counties shall havo been originated, in order to
allow it or them a legal representation.
Tho President of the Senate presented the me
morial of sundry citizens of Columbia county, pray
ing a reduction of millers’ toll, from J to 1-10.
Mr. J. L. Bird introduced a bill to repeal tho act
of 1849, repealing all laws prohibiting the importa
tion of slaves into this State. And
Mr. Flournoy ono to incorporate tho “ Manufac
turer’s Bank of Columbus.”
Mr. Harman introduced a resolution, which was
amended and agreed to, that a soloct Committee of
three be appointed, to inquire into tho expediency
of removing tho Penitentiary from the seat of Gov
ernment. Tho Committee consists of Messrs. Har
man, Calhoun and Tumlin.
Mr. Flournoy laid on the tablo a resolution that
both branches of the Legislature will take a recess
from the 23d inst., to the 2d Monday in January
next; and that no new matter will bo admissable
after such recess. If the legislature is compelled to
take a recess, the resolution is pointed and well
timed.
Several important bills wero passed over for the
present, and others made the special order for
future days, which will be reported at the proper
time
Three o’clock, P. M.
Tho Houso resumed the unfinished business of
the forenoon.
Mr. Hill proposed an amendment, whereby the
Judges hereafter to be elected by the people, shall
alternato in the several oirouits. On this amend
ment, an interesting debate arose, occupying the
entire afternoon. It was supported by Messrs.
Hill, Bartow, Stephens, and opposed by Messrs-
Robinson of Macon, Tift, Seward, Wofford and
Henry. The proposition was dually rejected by a
vote of 30 to 82.
The substitute mentioned above, having been
received in lieu of the original, the bill was passed
byyoas 10 L, nays 10.'
As this bill is a highly important one, I will
endeavor to obtain an inspection into it to-morrow,
in order to furnish you with a synopsis of it.
Just here is a suitable place to remark, en pas
sant, that we (I mean Editors’ Representatives) are
very much indebted to tho politeness and accommo
dating spirit of the Clerk and his assistants, for tho
privilege we enjoy of examining important bills
and othor legislative documents, after tho adjourn
ment of tho House, an hour when wo are very much
straitened for timo to accomplish our whole purpose
Heretofore , we were supplied with desks near the
Clerk’s table, whence we could, without interrup
tion, obtain tho use of a paper as soon as disposed
of by the House. Now , wo are assigned placos in
remote parts of tho Hall, whence it js difficult for
us to hear what is read by the Clerk, and we would
be considered obtrusive were we to approach tho
Chair as often as our duties to your readers require.
Should wo bo chargod with imporfoctions or omis
sions in our reports, wo shall file the above plea.
Seven O’Clock, P. M.
Mr. Floyd callod up a resolution, offorod by him
self some time sinco, requiring tho Governor to
cause to bo distributed, with the laws and journals
of tho present session, a sufficient number of Cobb's
new Digest of the Laws of Georgia, to supply overy
Justice of the Inferior Court, Clerk of the Superior,
Inferior and Ordinary Courts, Sheriff, Coroner and
Magistrate, ih tho State, with a copy. If the num
ber already subscribed for, bo not sufficient, the
Governor is authorised to purohaso additional co
pies, reserving 500 for future distribution. Messrs.
Moriwether and Seward opposed (according to my
impression) so much of tho resolution as eoutem
platos the purchase of additional copies of the work
Messrs. Floyd, Bartow, Harris, of Clarke, Thur
mond, and Ilill, advocated it in its totality. It was
agreed to in its original form.
The bill to provide means to repair and equip the
State Road, and discharge its existing liabilities, is
tho special order for to-morrow.
A resolution, requesting the Governor to pardon
two fotnalcs, (the redoubtable Jano Young, of To
galo, and Manning) now in confinement in
he Penitentiary, was taken up, and gave rise to an
animated and protraotod debate, the whole of which
was wholly unnecessary, not to say, an idlo waste
of the time of the country, if the main body of onr
Legislators had chosen to be controlled by argu- .
raent, or had even bestowed a moment’s refleotion
on the fatility of the otyeot sought to be aseompitah- j
ed. It was, I humbly conceive, conclusively shown
by Messrs. Harris, of Clark, Floyd, Barbour, and
Clark, of Stewart, that the Legislature had no right
to instruct the Governor of his constitutional du
ties—that the Legislative was interfering with the
Executive department of the Government— that it
would not bo more improper for the Legislature to
request tho Judge of a Superior Court not to pro
nounce the sentence of the law upon a convict, Ac.
Messrs. Seward and Harper were impelled mainly,
by the exuberance of their sympathies for oppressed,
frail and unfortunate females, to favor tho adoption
of the resolution. Mr. Harper was so overpowed by
his peculiar feelings, that he uttered one or two re
marks, which I trust he has since recalled. During
a portion of this debate, I was forcibly reminded of
a certain worthy and gallant old Knight who led
quite an eventful life in redressing the wrongs of fe
males. v
The resolution was lost, by Yeas 36, Nays 43.
{Telegraphed for the Charleston Courier.)
Baltimore, Dec. 15, 7.20 P. M.
The resolution respecting Kossuth passed the
U. S. House of Representatives almost unani
mously on Monday. In the Senate, during the
debate on Mr. Foote’* Compromise resolutions,
Mr. Butler defended the Southern opposition.
Mr. Foote denounced as traitors and demagogues
those who influenced the people of South Caro
lina. Mr. Rhett declared the people of South
Carolina and himself to be Secessionists and Dis
unionists, and gave the reasons why the Com
promise measures w r ere resisted.
In the New York market, on Monday, Cotton
was firm and unchanged.
New-Orleans, Dec. 17, 8.18 P. M.
In this market to-day, Wednesday, seven thou
sand bales of Cotton were disposed of at steady
prices. The sales during the four days comprised
thirty-one thousand bales. Bacon has advanced,
and Sides are worth 8 cents. Fifteen hundred
bbls. Whisky changed hands at from 17 to 17J
cents. Prime Molasses commanded 22 cents.
Eleven hundred bbls. of Ohio Flour were disposed
of at $3.75.
Skow Storm. —The people of the ‘‘Sunny
South’’ are seldom favored with such a treat as
was enjoyed yesterday. Early in the morning,
the thermometer at the time indicating a degree
of cold which has not been experienced in this
latitude within the last fifteen years, the cloudy
canopy of heaven commenced dispensing upon
us a fleecy shower ot snow, which continued
throughout the day, and up to the period of our A
writing. Had the weather previously been such
as to have frozen the earth, it would, beyond
doubt, have retained a coating upon which sleighs
would have been enabled to have glided through
our streets with facility; and thus an opportunity
would have been afforded to the lovers of that
sport to have experienced a treat seldom enjoyed
in this vicinity. As it was, however, some spir
ited individuals got up a spectacle, which resem
bled “sleighriding,” and was creditab e to their
enterprize, and gave good evidence that if the ar
ticle of snow were furnished in sufficient quan
tities, they were perfectly ready and willing to
make it available for facilitating locomotion.
Snow balling, likewise, —an amusement which,
in our climate, is seldom enjoyed,—was prevalent
throughout the day, and, in its exercise, many
ludicrous occurrences were witnessed which
called the risible faculties forcibly into operation.
—Charleston Courier , 18/A inst.
A letter from Havana to the New-Orleans
Picayune, says that a young Frenchman who
had a Government license to make, repair, and
sell arms, was unfortunate enough to have sold
some carbines about the time of Lopez's inva
sion. His practice was to buy them of the Cata
lans, and retail them to his customers. He was
denounced to the authorities, apprehended and
thrown into prison, where he has lain until
within a few days, when he was put at liberty
and allowed twenty days to settle his business
and leave the island.
The Boston Atlas states, in proof of the neces
sity of a re-organization of the Navy, that a Com
mander and First Lieutenant ordered to the U.
S. Sloop Portsmouth, have tendered their resig
nations because they do not want to go to sea ;
and that another Lieutenant, who has been for
several years in receipt of full pay on shore duty
was also lately ordered to this beautiful craft, but
that she has been condemned by survey, as unfa
for sea duty.
Our Telegraphic Correspondent has already an
nounced that tho Hon. John B. Thompson, whig (
has boon elected to tho United States Senato by
the Kentucky Legislature. We perceivo that in the
last session of Congress ho represented tho Fourth
Congressional District of that Stato in the House,
and will take the place of Mr. Underwood, iu tho
Senate, in 1851.
They have a bar room in California one hun
dred and fifty feet long, in which forty bar keep
ers are employed, eighteen hours out of the
twenty-four, in retailing liquors at twenty-five
cents a glass.
Messrs. Darnell & Co., of Groveport, Ohio
produce dealers, have failed for $70,000. They
will, it is said, pay about 40 or 50 ceqts on the
dollar. It is leared that several substantial far
mers have lost their farms by this failure.
An instalment of twenty per cent has been
called for from the stockholders of the Raleigh
and Gaston Railroad, payable on the Uth of
January next. An instalment of ten per cent
has also been called for by the officers of the
North-Carolina Railroad Company, payable on
the Bth of next January.
Comfortably stabled and bedded, animals re
quire much less food than when shivering with
cold. There is more profit from working cattle
and milch cows, young stock grow faster, and
there is a greater gain every w'ay in the careful
treatment of your animals.— N. K. Farmer.
The extreme severity of the present spell of
weather, suggests to us to invite the notice of our
readers to the above important fact. When in
terest and humanity combine to enforce kind
treatment to the helpless brute creature which
daily ministers to our comfort, the above fact is
doubly worthy of attention.
■ Q3T" We are authorized to announce LEON 1’
DU 0 AS, as a candidate for Ordinary for Richmond
county, attho election iu January next.
doc 19 C*»
qJFvV e would recommend those who are
troubled with Coughs this cold weather, to procure a
Bottle of l>r. Tutt's Pkctorai. Euxir. It is
an excellent Medicine. See Advertisement.
_dec_l9-tf_ cAs
r_rT ' WANTED
A WOOD COOK. Apply at this Office.
_ doe 19 (:As
OrrieE or the “Southern Ckntral, |
Agricultural Society, >
Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 15, 1861. 1
A quarterly meeting of the Brcutivo Comnutteo
will be held in Macon— commencing at 9 o eloeß
A. M. on Wednesday the 21st January. Each
member is requested to be present Tho locating or
the Fair for the nett year and other important busi
ness for the Socioty will come before t“ 0, “ IW "
tiou. J. V. JON MS,
IS Cor. Secretary.