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THE universal promulgation of
m A t ht eentral dcrtribution of know-
objects of the firft importance m
where liberty ha. left traces
I £ footfteps, under every government
; kic h consult. the happinef. of Man—
f*id ‘ b * Great Lord Bac “ n
. DO wer/' united with virtue ’it certainly
■ rhertv ’ Where ignorance reign* there
triumph, and despotism governs. A.
n become, enlightened aut horny w.l! be
Cttd & morality restored—Knowledge &
... Jt are the bases of freedom—the one
inftrua. us in our rights, the other teaches
„our duties; the firfHhews us how to
"ft nift the belt possible form of goTern-
Knt the lad require, us to obey it when con
t,fai. It is therefore advantageous every
*here, hut ia a Hipublic it is ablolutely ne
ffJ that corred information fliould be
widely diffufed and easily obtained: For
fate the profit who govern. 7bty never
intentionally choose bad leaders or approve
rung measures, yet they are liable to error
_givc them true details and they will judge
correctly —for on plain grounds the people al
n«form just opinions ; whenever they mif
uactbtir own intcreft ‘tis owing entirely to
irmtcf information in the many or want of
konefty in the few. But extensive political in
teuton is not to be acquired without much
k tur, and few have ltifure to ftucly the ,
hfteir.s,compare the opinions, & peruse the
pjts of Locke, Sydney , Gibbon, Hume &
Vittel. If an acquaintance with the true
pteplcsof government u* duties of a citizen
wild be acquired only from huge folios
i Ljitfule treat lies, it wculd be leldom fought
trif fought, the plough, the hatchet, and
iklawmuft stand (till. Some cheaper and
cafier means of fatisfying curiosity and
ptucuring information mult therefore be
ioked for; and where i. intelligence,
dteapnefs and convenience united with more
tl an in the closely printed col
uim of the humble News paper ? Our
wmtrymcti appeal so well convinced of
tit uletulncfs of periodical prims, and have
hwqliberally encouraged them, that we
.a it unncccffary to insist on their merit
ntUlmua hesitate to request public pal
""F for another Ncw.-papcr eftablifli
tet.
V\tun promise little except what attea
kfflihonefty & industry can perform. The
yr.nripl.es of our Paper, like our own. will be
lepoblican, “ but the fame freedom of opin
miwhich we claim for ourfelve*, we wish
«thcr.to enjoy ” Civil and Religious
r? " ,be birh right of cvry man, and
**, W, U not ej'end the fame indulgence
till parties, and all fe«£k, which he wishes
-is own, u already or deserves to be a
t Tofapporf Religion and morality will !
*sir pnde— 1 0 encourage literature our
rZ~‘nv COraniUnications calculated to
1 W bt refufed; no hint will be
Ktl'aw ft* f n e u Countr r ic » necessary !
Ikkaown l! ftoU u- be neither vague nor
it,... P ubl 'cadls of the State leg
a;;d reforebepubHihed asthe x
R ° F r THE T,MES w:il
Lvtd Ca,Hafs ! M,b!ic with
, a" e r m,Bg c ,hC COcdudl °f
u ° g pvern ment—it
** W Tnti° bu * my C ° unt '>' No
CONDITIONS.
1 ! ;£ ROROF THE TIMES will be
! £ Monda y- a royal
of an excellent quality, and good
I l &; t0^rb «s will be three
I B1 ’ P aid ba lf yearly in
I «m» JZJ * or sdvert 'sing will be fifty
I thirty Z , tbe fir,i * nf crtion
£ “* lUUUlf fur each con-
I hC dc!ivered to Town
I 'kofefer the tht ' ,r P li *ces of abode and
I * Packet » Wi,! be d <ne up
I OCce. d dellVe red at the Poft
■ltX!? 6 bubs cribers,
pi'wTT;" l lh,!ir Si »ck of
l Z le ,ore formerly
W « S ON and
■N'lig ’ " ‘~ re [u *y are just
I ?«V C^ l "T r,me ’“
I Kl -
I ETlfkv,
I
■ 1 U . U IER\.
r'ls; ,1 “' h e ,‘ n as 'orti!iout «f
0f - salt,
l ( , w - \ are determined
tlbu \ Can possibly
"•'•'ft r e cr
1 U f ’Wine.
0C *»C (Jr c• j
'kw* r * -R *»naetcn.
MIRROR OF THE TIMES.
Latest from Europe.
CHARLESTON, February 22.
Captain Kelson, of the Ham.
burgh ship Cotnmercium, has po
litely favored us with London pa
pers to the JOth December, five
days later than were before receiv-
I ed. Captain K. sailed from Ports
mouth on the evening of the 16th
December , read the London pa
pers of that morning, but was una- !
ble to procure any of a iater date
than (hose with which he has fa
vored us.
A packet arrived at Portsmouth
the day before captain K. sailed,
in lour days from Corrunna. She
brought the most unpleasant ac
count ofthes'ateof events in Spain.
It was stated that Nepoleon and
Joseph Bonaparte were both at Ma
drid, and that considerate anxiety
was evinced for the British troops
in Spain, who had been unable to
form a junction with each other.
All the troops which had em
barked in England had been re
landed, k the transports dispatch
ed to bring home the British troops
from Spain.
The Swedes had suffered severe
ly in Finland, and it was expected
that they would be compelled to
make peace with Russia.
Notwithstanding several French
regiments have been removed Irom
Naples to Spain, the troops in the
former country are still estimated
at 60 COO men, two thirds of whom
are French.
Admiral Berkeley is appointed
to the command of die British IL-et
oil Lisbon, in the room of Sir
Charles Cotton-
Marshal Soult is created duke of
Dalmatia.
A public meeting was held in
London on the 9th December, to
open a subscription for supplying
the Spanish armies with clothing,
&c. Chareston Courier.
Vienna November 2.
By a courier who arrived here a
1 fewdayssince from Constantinople
J intelligence has been received that
I Mr. Adair reached the Dardan
| eiles on the JOth October, & imme
j diately commenced negociatoins,
tending to the speedy restoration.
o| peace between England and the
Sublime Porte. It has been ob
served for some time past, that the
English ships of war which are crui
sing in the Archipelago allow Tur
kish vessels to pass unmolested, &
do not in the least obstruct the in
tercourse t>f trade.
Trieste November 3*
In the Adriatick there is at pre
sent an Eugiidi squadron, comman
ded, as it is reported, by admiral
Colling wood ; the frigates belong,
ing to it cruise on the coasts of is.
triaand Dalmatia- Within these
fourteen days, the English have
sent three flags of truce to the
Russian admiral’s ship in our port,
which each tune gave occasion for
holding a council ol war, at which
the Russian consul attended. It
is said that the English admiral has
demanded that tire four Russian
ships & 2 frigates, which are in our
port be unrigged, disarmed & their
cannon carried on shore, until six
months after peace. It appeals
that the Russian admiral is not
inclined to comply with this de
mand. He has brought up his
fleet nearer to the walls, and a cou
rier has been disdatched to the
Russian ambassador at Vienna.
London, November 30.
Wi th respect to the military ex- 1
ertions of Austria, they afford new
proof of the lively snsee ntertained
by the government & the people of
the dangers which ultimately threa
ten them Irom the unboundeu am
bition & gigantic projects ol Bona
parte. In addition to the Hunga
rian insurrection, which has been
rendered a permanent force, at the
i disposal of the emperor of Austria,
“ HOLD THE MIRROR UP TO N ATU R t.”~ StiakcSpeqrC.
for three years, tin* states have un
dertaken to raise CO,OOO snore re
cruits for the defence of the royal
throne and the country, in case of
its being attacked by any foreign
power.
Tin- king of Prussia Ins been ob
liged to deliver to the French bis!
famous service of gold ; it was con- 1
veyed to Berlin under an escort of 1
general Blucher’s hussars, called
the “ Deat’h Heads.” A serious
affray’took place between these
t hussars anrf some French troopers,
who had insulted them, and sever
al lives were lost before order was
restored.
December 6.
Flag of Truce. A French flag
of truce arrived yesterday mornfoir
% J
it Dover, from Boulogne. She
lias brought a French & a Russian |
messenger, together with a captain ;
of a French man of war, and ano
ther gentleman, but who or what
he is, we are not informed. They
had not yesterday evening been
suffered to land, though the vessel
was permitted to come into the
harbor, and lay close to the cjuav
with a guard over her, waiting tor
an answer from government to a te
legraphie dispatch sent Ivom Dover
to London yesterday morning at
eight o’clock' An answer was re
turned yesterday by telegraph, and
it is said thac permission was gran
ted them to proceed to town. The
vessel which has brought the mes
sengers over, was formerly one of
the parage vessel beUvcn Dover
and Calais. It is generally and
very naturally supposed, that the
communications they have brought
contain a reply to the answer sent
by our government to tile late pro
positions from Erfurth. The re
ports at Dover were, as may be ex
pected, various. It was said by j
officers who had gone on board, j
that Bonaparte had actually re
turned from Spain to Paris, pre
vious to the setting out of the mes
sengers from that capital. Ano
ther current report was that they
bring over such overtures from
Napoleon as England cannot re
ject. This last observation, it is
veiy likely, has becui made by the
Frenchmen. We shall be very glad
td know that this is true. \Ve
wist) for peace as much as any bo
dy ; but we must confess that we
see very, very little reason to ex
pent any thing like an offer at the
pre»eut moment, winch the inter
est or the honor of the country will
permit us to accempt.
Bonaparte may attempt to de
lude us mto a Iruitiess ncgociatiou,
in order to raise the hopes of the
pacific in tins country, to sow di
visions among us, (iu which we are
sure lie will be disappointed) or to
paralyse our hostile exertions, by
creating false hopes of peace. He |
may aim at. appearing pacific in
the eyes of Europe, and try to tiing
the blame of continuing the war
upon Great Britain, Tnat he
makes any proposition, or writes
any answer to us on the subject ol
peace, in the spirit of peace , 've
cannot believe, and we need only
refer to tbe bulletins of ins army
in .Spain, to be convinced that ins
hatred & rancor against this coun
try, so far from subsiding, increas
es in proportion to tue means we
exert to secure our independence
and our national greatness. It can
scarcely be imagined, when be has t
to the fullest extent committed I
himself in an attempt to execute ,
his disigus in Spam, that he can :
have any admissible basis of treaty j
to propose to us, connected as our
interests now are with the cause of
Spanish independence, the ao- .
knowledgement of which must be
with us an iiidispetisible condition,
December 3.
The messengers now in town
from the French and Russian gov
ernments,are, we understand, the
same persons who brought the for
mer message. Thev were accom-
O |
panieu to tow n from Dover by Mr.
<Xoit, Dm king’s messenger, to
Mr. sha w’» house, where they con -1
tinned last night. Their delay at !
Dover was, we learn, principally
occasioned by tiie fog, which pre
vented the communication from
government. They are expected
to set out on their return this day I
jor to- morrow at farthest. The dis- I
patches which they brought were
1 yesterday the subject of a cabinet
• ouucil, & the answer, it is stated,
will be ready to be transmitted to
day. It is added, that a British
officer is to carry our dispatches.
File harbor of Brest was reeou
j noitered by the in-shore squadron
I of lord Gainbier’s fleet on the 23th
oh. when tile enemy’s force consis
ted of eleven sail of the line, one
of them a three decker, and three
frigates, all ready for sea, with sails
! bent, and top-gallant-yards across,
I besides a corvette with topmasts
j struck, and two or three vessels
unrigged.
By the Elizabeth Packet, arri
ved from Corunna, we have re
ceived Spanish papers up to the
2d inst. Gen. Moore, with his
troops arrived at Salamanca on the
i4th ult. From an address of the
Central Junta to the people of
Madrid, it appears that some of
the British troops had arrived at
the Escurielon the 21st ult. The
intelligence from Arragon is exhil
lrating, but it does not reach later
than the 3d ult.
December 10.
The disagreeable intelligence
we communicated yesterday re
ceives more general belief. To re
move all doubts upon the truth of
the severe reverse, and serious
disaster, which our brave allies
have suffered, we need only to
state, that orders were received
yesterday at Portsmouth, for the
disembarkation of ail the troops
j that had embarked for Spain, with
| all possible dispatch. In conse
quence of the fineness of the wea
ttier, the transports immediately
ran near shore and disembarked
the horses belonging to the. 3d and
4th regiments of dragoons. At
Portsmouth, it was understood,
that the transports were to be sent
out empty to bring back troops.
A cabinet council met yester
day about two o’clock, at the fo
reign office, it sat until seven in the
evening. When it broke up, Mr.
Hunter the messenger, was order
ed to proceed with dispatches to
Spain. As i uesduy and Thurday
are the days on which cabinet
councils arc assembled, much im
portance was attached to the extra
ordinary meeting of yesterday, on
account of the haste with which i:
Was summoned and the continu
ance of die deliberations for so
long a period as hv c hours. It is
understood that subject under
i consideratiou was the situation of
our army in Spam, and it was re
ported last night that Mr* Hunter
carried out with him the approba
tion of government to the pun of
retreat suggested by sir J. Moore,
and orders lor the whole of the Bi i
tish force to be concentrated in
Portugal. Transports have been
ordered to Corunna and Vigo, and
evoi y arrangement has been made
to facilitate tnts operation.
The intelligence pf the defeat of
the army of gen. Castanos is said
to have been conveyed from Ma
, drid to sir John Moore, who imme
| diately transmuted it to sir David
: Baird. It reached him at his head
I quarters at Astorga, on the 29th, ’
oi November. Bir Johu Moore ,
at the same time communicated
to him, that he proposed immedi
ately to retreat loworda Port ugal
and ordered sir David to retire
upon V igo, in order to re-emha/k
onboard die transports, which haci
been previously sent thither from
Corunna. All embarkations lor
the Peninsula, we understand, are
suspended.
Our readers will see with admir
ation, what is voluntarily doing
in me city of Loudon iu j AVor oi
tier inhabitants, an the same place
MONDAY, March 6, 1809*
| where the merchants of London
! entertained the Ypanidi deputies
a short time back, the body of the
inhabtants have met, and com*
me need a subscription toward*
supplying the wants of the Spanish
soldiers, which is filling with un
exampled rapidity. There is in
| this something so magnificent,
j that it must strike every eye, and
i operate powerfully as an example
j throughout the land. The bad
news we have just heard will not
damp the ardour of liritish sym
pathy and ge»ero9ity. The neces
sity of assistance and call upon our
liberality, are only increased by
the vicisitudea that attend the che
quered fortune of war—“ What
is lost in the field, in the field may
be regained.’ We shall never gave
up hope, till we see the Spaniards
despair of their country.
At 1 o’clock yesterday noon the
messengers returned to Dover, &
were to sail this morning early, in
the Nancv, captain Hayward—
Our Dover intelligence states,
that they are accompanied by six
ladies, of whom three are neiees
of Talleyrand. We know nothing
further of these ladies. Probably
in a month or two we may hear of
their elevation to the rank oi duch
esses, in some of the new arrange
ments of rank and title that al
most every dav brings forth.
Substance of private letters from
Spain —One of those things most
complained of by Sir, David
Baird, is the want of regular com
munications, not only b> tween the
several armies directly, but so far
as he could judge, between the
several armies and the government.
Sir David Baird had received
no information with respect to
the state of the Spanish ai mies,
much less any with respect to the
strength, position, or motions of
the enemy. 'The Marquis de
Itomana had, it seems, the same
complaint to make. He expected
to find the army of Gallicia near
40,000 strong when lie came to
take the command of it, but he
found it defeated and dispersed.
He was left to collect it bv his own
efforts, and he knew not that
there were any reserves to recruit
& reinforce him, when he had got
out of the reach of the enemy with
such part of the wreck of the gaL
lician army as fie could save.
The marquis is said to have writ
ten m a still more desponding
style to his comryinan, the Mar
quis de Villadares, who is come
to Corunna from Portugal with
a corps ol about 2000 Spaniards
sent long siuce from Gallicia to
assist in expelling the French
from Lisbon. The re-embarka
tion of our troops will laku
at Coru mu but at V.go.
Paris Nov. 20.•
A statement of the finances of
the empire, was lately presented
to the legislative body, by which
it appears that the expenditure for
the year 1809, is estimated at 730-
000,000, francs.
J he conscription for the kingdom
of Italy for the year 1809, is fixed
at 12,000 men and will be im
mediately carried into execu
tion.
THIRD BULLETIN or THE ARMfT
Oi SPAIN.
«< T’l “ Burgis N w# XAt
The army oi Gallicia is Hy
ing from Bilboa, and i. pur9u ' d
by marsnal the duke of Bcllona,
m the direction of Espinoso, and
marshal duke of DunUic ia that
of V llluicayo. Marshal the duke
of, Dalmatia h*»j proceeded to
iteynosa lo cut off their retreat—
so that very important event#
may be expected.
“ General M U hand has entered
I ulencta with his divGious of ca
valry, & tent detachments to the
passes ot Keynosa in pursuit of a
pai k of artillery, belonging to th©
army of Gallicia.
File young students of Sala
manca who thought of nothing
[No. XXL]