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[VOL. I.]
jUGUSTA- PRINTED BY DANIEL STARNES & Co.
PROPOSALS
lV DANIEL STARNES& CO.
b SJfcrifti- a m«HjWw*W
W THE CITY OF AUGUSTA,
TO BE ENTITLED
Mirror of the limes.
THE universal promulgation of
,h ind the general deftribution of know-
Si’Jobjefi. of the fuft importance m
where liberty lett trace.
jSr footftep., under every government
'«m.rfwi.h *irtue"i. certainly
• £ tv Where ignorance reigns there
and despotism govern.. A.
enlightened author,ty w.U be
Lied & morality reftored.-Knowlcdge &
* rm e ire the base of frccdom-the one
i-flr.a.u.in our rights, the other teaches
wour duties; the firft shew. us how to
c nllruathe beftpoffible form of govern
tl!t t he last requires us to obey it whencon-
IhTcW. his therefore advantageous every
thtre, but in a Republic it is absolutely nc
celTiry. that corrcdl information should be
widely diiMtfd and easily obtained: For
fan 'tit the f topic who govern. ‘lbey never
istentionally choose bad leaders or approve
wrong measures, yet they are liable to error
-give them true detail, and they will judge
(orredHv—for on plain grounds the people al
wiji form juf opinions ; whenever they mif
tike their own mtereft ‘tis owing entirely to
wint of information in the many or want of
honeftv in the fin. But extern** political in
fortnitoß i» not to be acquired without much
labour, and few have lciiure to study the
fyfttmi, compare the opinions, & perule the
page, of Locke, Sydney, Gibbon, Hume &
Vaitel. If an acquaintance with the true
priacipleiof government & duties of a citizen
could be acquired only from huge folios
Jcdiffufetrctttifes,it would be fcldom fought
cr if fought, the plough, the hatchet, and
the saw muff (land dill. Some cheaper and
ether means of fatisfying curiosity and
.rm'uriag information mud therefore be
looked for; and where is intelligence
eheapnefs and convenience united with more
advantage, than in the closely printed col
umn! of the humble News-paper ? Our
countrymen appear so well convinced; ®f
the ufefulnefs of periodical prints, and have
so very liberally encouraged them, that we
deem it unneceflary to infill oh their merit
indalmoft hesitate to request public pat
ronage for another News-paper establish-
IWL 0
We can promise little except what atten
tion, honeftjr & induflry can perform. The
primiples of our Paper, like our own, will be
Republican, “ but the fame freedom of opin
ion which we claim for ourfelvcs, we wifli
ill others to enjoy. *’ Civil and Religious
homy is the birh right of evry man, and
hewho will not extend the fame indulgence
Jo»!! parties, and allfedl, which he wishes
for huown, is already or dclcrves to be a
To support Religion and morality will
w our pride— to encourage literature our
endeavor—no communications calculated to
refufed; no hint will be
Zs, ln * free country i t i» necessary
• 1 o aw should be neither vague nor
»" Public ads of the State leg-
SStai! b "" Me be P"b |ifl ,'“ -4
IV mirror of the TIMES will b.
4:: a// " ho canvaf * P ub,ic measure with
mdi»2’u d m p * am,mn P *he conduct of
fill *° f gPVernmcnt —it
ft* U Truth * ? > N °
CONDITIONS.
ST° R ° F IHE TIMES will be
£of eV '7. Monda y’ • roval
ftcct ofanexceUent quality, and good
Volur CCt ° fubfcrbers will be three
Mvance^ 1 ““““h P *’ d ba,f y earl y in
£7 sot ad vcrtifing will be fifty
& thirtv ( <l " arC j or tl,e infection
>inuaSn enaQdahalf f^«chcon
hu&r^"bC de,ivered to Town
tuofe or ,?' ,he,r P lac « of abode and
in " ,h « Will be done up
Office a ? d dtllVer ed at the Post-
Jameson £5? Co
luff. 11 rrcr ’ M i in addition to
~l°,™" f tck ‘ h ofoLlowme
''^tokichMlbrooid
J° T CA * H or COTTON.
Viz.
3ah ’ it
rr l o ,''" 0 CoffcC »
2*-* Lit?" 0 "'
WSS t nt Chee,e -
SuSar '
[■•ocoiaic Va, t a * s °rted,
k *tg.* nd Ken,uclt y Cotton.
also,
? Rr * GALLONS
Ilnsh mis key,
yZ'; ll "'J ) emijohn.
mirror of the times
PHILADELPHIA, March 30.
Translated for the Commercial
Advertiser.
Letter from Don Thomas
Morla, commander of the
troops in Madrid, to Don
Antonio Cornel, Secretary of
war.
Mojl excellent Jir ,
I never supposed that this city
could defend itfelf except only
against a haliy attack or a coup
de main, and so I represented
to your excellency Sc the presi
dent of the council, and Rated
that it would be absurd to at
tempt to refit an army. I plan
ned the works accordingly
I mounted them with upwards
of thirty pieces: I caused all
the powder to be brought m
from Caravanchel; I formed
four depots, three in convents,
and the principal one in the
Museum : I intended to divide
the muskets myfelf into divif.
ions; but the populace insulted
me and took polieilion of them,
many for the purpole of Idling
them at the lowed price, or
concealing them in their hou.
les ; they likewise dole thou
sands of cartridges ; works
were erefted in the dreets, and
all the troops excepting only the
cavalry, were diliributed at the
principal polls, a general com
manding at each.
Many people of all classes
thought then ofleaving the city,
and I believe that few relpefcta.
bie per lons would have remain*
ed, had it not been that the po
pulace impeded them at the
barriers, and that they feared
falling into the hands of the
enemy, which I believe happen,
ed to leveral.
On the fird of this month,
having learned the defeat at
Somolierra, several parties were
sent out to reconnoitre, who
lucceffively bro’t intelligence
that, the enemy had arrived at
San Agustin, Alcobendas and
Fuencarral.
On the second at day.break,
the enemy already occupied
the heights above ihe pods of
Santa Barbara Puzos and Fu
encarral.
At twelve they summoned us
through the gate de los Pozos :
the marquis de Cadelar and 1
went out, and aniwered that
we would defend ourlelves to
the lad extremity. The fire
from the exterior pods had
begun in the morning, and
continued feebly all the day
and night from thole points ;
but the enemy extended them*
fclves through all the environs
and occupied pofuiens which
left us lurrounded. We hud
feut at two in the afternoon an
attive officer to dirett the
united troops of Heredia and
San Juan to enter in the night;
and a date mefienger to car.
ry adifpach to Pena, dating
the neceffitv of their coming,
whom the enemy intercepted.
A junta had been form*
ed composed of generals, of
one or two members of each
council corregidor and others,
for civil and military govern
ment,
I was called to it at fix o’-
clock on the 3d, and was
Ihcwn a iummons from the
prince of Neufchatel, who fign*
ed himielf chief of the dafF,
“ HOLD the mirror up ro nature.” — Shakespeare.
WEST END OF BROAD-STREET.
a proof that the emperor com*
mantled ; an officer taken pii.
foner at Somofierra brought it
and aliened that he had spoken
| to him ; but he was not behev
; ved Sc was looked upon as a fuf
i picious person. In the juntas
* every thing takes up a long
time; we could not anlwcr
until eight, and the answer was
merely a requdt for a lulpenhon
of arms for that day. Hut at
nine the enemy began the at,
tack at all points with the grea
telt intrepidity Sc vigor. They
penetrated firtt through the
Retire, which required ten thou,
/and men to defend it, and
lucceffively through the gates of
Alcala. Recoletors, &c. not
withstanding they met with
much relillance.
They occupied with a great
force the whole Prado, and be
gan to advance through the
It reel of Alcala, San Ceroni
mo and Atocha. Our cannon
and their defenders had retired
to Itrong works erected in thole
(treets ; the enemy’s balls and
gtanades raked the principal ;
ttreels; the inhabitants fled in
conlternation ; in the after
noon the cavalry wheeled a
bout and fled ; in all parts they
were calling for troops and am
munition of which there was
not a fufficiency* In this con
flict, in which the ruin of the
inhabitants appeared to be near
at hand, we were informed that
they summoned us at the street
of Alcala, Calllar Yriarte and
I went out, we found a gene
ral and aid de camp of the em
peror, who iummoned us for
the lalt time, and complained
that at the summons by the
prince of Xicufchate), no gene
ral had gone to repiy to it —
We promised him that two
ihould go that evening, and in
the mean time requeued a fuf
penlion of aims to which he
acceded. The difficulty was to
caule it to be oblsrved* by the
populace , who fliouted contin
ually death, or victory —and fled
when attacked.
On my retain I flopped to
harangue thole who weie in one
of the works but could obtain
nothing, becaule when 1 had
fofteneu them, the Jriars came
and excited belli clillurbances.
It was difficult to hoilt before
two a whae flag in the tower of
Santa Cruz, the hgnal agreed
on tor the lufpenfion. By
motions of the head they ail
said yes, and with fliouts no.
1 he junto was coniufed and
irreloluie, owing to the clamor
of a few idiots , and the great
number of iis members* But
the occupation of all the polls,
the want of ammunition, ihe
loss of much artillery, and the
greater part of the artiilerilts,
the fatigue, want of deep and j
lols of the few troops which
we had, and who were almost
wholly new levies, could not
purluade us that we were able
to make relillance—but how
capitulate againit the general fen
timcnt ? At length, at 4 in the
afternoon I went out with don
Bernardo Iriarte to treat with !
the prince of Neufchatel, with.,
out any thing having been de.
cided, and was obliged to tell
the populace that 1 was going
to reply, ihat we would defend
ourfeives until death.
Wc found, opposite the eon
vent of ihe barefooted Carmel
ites an aid de-camp who con
ducted us half way towards
Chamartin, where there were
1 lour tents in the middle of an
extensive encampment in which
! the troops were under arms : in
the firll was the prince, to whom
we were presented : we dated
1 to him our lituation with res
pect to the populace, and ihat
therefore we could not propose
a capitulation, but only a fuf
! pen lion of arms for ihe follow
] ing day, in order to reason
with the people, that ihofe who
were rational and disposed to
an accommodation might not
; be victims to the madnels of the
canaille. —The prince went out,
laying that he would go and
Ipeak to the emperor, and in a
little time returned and con
ducted us to his tent. We
repeated to him what we had al
ready told the prince. He an-
Iweredus like a conquering kero ,
incensed at the objtinacy and
ignorance of the people of Ma
drid. No Applications could
obtain longer time than until 6
in the following morning ; he
added that I might convene
the parish priests and prelates,
and inform them that if they
did not pe r fuade the people
to fubrnit and bring them to rea
lon, chey Ihould be relponfible,
and that without expoling his
troops he would deltroy every
veltage ot Madrid. We return
ed to Madrid, and convened as
large an allemoly as possible of
penons in public offices, the af
bflant bifliop, parilh priests and
prelates.
Many were absent, and the
meeting was large and conten
tious ; at length feeing that the
people and the troops had aban
doned the batteries, and retired
to their hoults, and no other
dependence than the . ood faith
of ihe enemy, they all determin.
ed to capitulate, and ihe articles
were drawn up. No one was
willing to accompany me, and
I could only pievail on the
Held marfhil don Fernando de
la Vera, governor of Madrid*
We arrived at bieak of day and
presented them to the emperor,
lie ordered us to come in,
and received us with much as- 1
lability and graciousness, gran
ted every thing that was asked,
and difmifled us. The capuu.
lation is very honorable, as
your excellency will fee by the
annexed copy.
On our return I found that
Caltalar and many persons of
the fir ft rank, both military ofli.
cers and others, had left the ci
ty early that morning and on
the preceding days, j did not
do lo the night before, because
I would not abandon Madrid
without diretlion, and exposed
to all the horrors of a 'fack.—
I believed that I ought to pre.
fer the exigence of so many
thousands of fouls and the cap.
ital, to my own, as 1 had form
erly done at Cadiz. Thus I
have remained a prisoner of war
but consoled by the good which
I have effeded.
Having finilhed the flatement
of the unfortunate result of
the commiflion confered on
me by the supreme junta, 1
shall add, as one deeply interef.
ted in the welfare of the nation,
that I think it would be expedi
ent for thejuma to hint to the
[No. XXVIII.j
MONDAY, April 24, UOf.
governor of Cadiz as cautious.
,v as possible not to fuffer the
Englilh to strengthen ihemfe.'ves
in that city, or its vicinity, eith.
cr by large reinforcements at
once, or by inlcnlibly increafi
ing their number; to crett
works for defence on the sea
lide; to make entrenchment*
from the Cortadura to the land
gate on prcienceof making a bet
ter refinance against the French ;
to reinforce the garrilon; to
fend dispatches to the Ameri
cans to prevent the arrival of
money or property at prelcnt,
Sc other fitnilar cautions, left the
Engitfh, doubtful as they now
are, of our eventual luccefs ;
should indemnify themfelvcs for
their afhltance by seizing, Ca.
diz and its wealth. Let us take
measures to lessen the evil.
In capacity of counccllor
of date, I yelterday saw prince
Joieph, (tiled our king, the ob
jett of the far calm of the to.
pulacz ; Sc I assert with my ulu.
al ingenuousness, .that I found
a wife philosopher imprelT;d
to a degree of enthusiasm with
the founded maxims of morali.
ty, humanity and affeffion for
the people over whom it may
be his lot to rule. My prai.
les would be fulpefted by those
who do not know me, Sc there,
fore I suppress them; what I
have said is only in order that
the junta may by what is dated
in this dirpatch, regulate its
conduct Sc determination. All
my inclinations and exertions
(hall ever be for the honor,
liability and integrity of my
country.
A good general, after ha.
ving disposed his army for an
a£tion, ought to observe the
proper time for charging or
retreating, and not fuffer a
complete overthrow. The lat
ter disgraces him, while a good
retreat covers him with glory,
lhe difficulty is to hit upon
the exa6t moment at which he
ooght to make his determina.
tion.
I (hall not be f© unjust to
myfelf as to fuppofc that any
oae will suspect me of infideli
ty : ray integrity is known, and
has been proved ; I mall, there
fore, cease not to express my
felf with that candor and ingen«
oufncfs v/hich I have always
used. God prelerve your
cellency many years.
Madrid, Dec. 7, 1809
1 homas Da Morla#
Senior Don Antonio Cornel.
New Cheap Store.
The Siibfcnber has removed to
the second house below Mr,
John Cashing where he has for
sale
A QUANTITY OF THE ISt QTALIT*
Stone Lime.
And an Elegant aflortraent of
PAPER HANGINGS.
Also Ladies, Gentlemens Boys
Negroe Shoes ; A few gentlemens
Hats— with au assortment of
GROCERIES, &c.
All of which will be sold low so
CASH or COTTON.
ISAAC F. WATEKOUS.
March 27, 1809. ts