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Address all Letters to
H. C. STEVENSON. Manager.
They had five inches of snow in Pennsyl
vania and New Jersey yesterday. The
sun was shining warm and balmy in Au
gusta.
Grant has offered Delano’s place to old
Zack Chandler, one of the most disrepu
table politicians in the country. Chand
ler is rich, and loves liquor inordinately.
If the boy who carries telegraphic dis
patches around to the newspaper offices
will suspend his religious devotions at 11:30
o’clock and attend to his mundane duties,
we will give him a Christmas gift.
One of the topics of the town is—“ Who
wrote the Moultrie letter to the Charles
ton News and Courier?" Numbers of gen
tlemen are suspected, but we fancy the
right man has not been hit upon by any of
the gues-ers.
New developments are daily coming to
light about an extensive band of forgers
who started out from Canada. They have
taken down several banks by means of
forged cheeks, drafts and letters of credit.
Such a set went through several Georgia
and South Carolina banks three or four
years ago.
“This completes the impoverishment of
the Polish Nobility,” is the suggestive
language of a dispatch this morning. It
means that Russia has forced them to sell
their estates at a price fixed by it to Rus
sian subjects. The poet Campbell truth
fully calls the treatment of Poland by her
conquerors “the bloodiest picture in the
book of time.
Professor Janney, the geologist, has
made an official report upon gold in the
Black Hills. We now know certainly that
It is there in considerable quantity and
that it extends through a considerable por
tion of the country. Nothing prevents the
settlement of the country by good citizens
except those worthless louts, the Indians.
They will hold back the tide for a few
months only.
Under date of October 15th, the Financial
Chronicle says: For the week ending this
evening the total receipts have reached
137,429 bales, against 102,402 bales last
week, 80,268 bales the previous week, 47,-
064 bales three weeks since, making the
total receipts since the Ist of September,
1875, 423,237 bales, against 372,368 bales for
the same period of 1874, showing an in
crease since September 1, 1875, 50,869 bales.
The Wood county (Ohio) election returns
have at last been settled by throwing out
the Perrysburg box. This will increase
Hayes’ majority a few hundred and make it
about 5,000 in the State. We recollect Gen
eral Butler said during the campaign
that Allen would be elected by 30,000. This
shows Butler won’t do to trust. All the
independent papers over the country say
that Ohio will vote the Democratic ticket
for President, provided the platform has
no inflation plank.
Alluding to our “baby statistics,” the
Atlanta Constitution says: “We fear there
is a foul plot on foot to unduly swell the
population of our sister city, with a view
of reaching the 20,000 point, which insures
a free delivery of mail matter under the
postal laws of the United States.” If
things go on as they have begun, heaven
only knows where our population will be
by the next census. The “cry is still they
come.”
The Indian Investigation Commission
have at last made their report. We now
have the true reason why Mr. Delano left
the Cabinet. This Commission have un
earthed a mass of putrid corruption, with
which he was connected, and which he
did not have the courage to meet as a
Cab net officer. We take it that the
charges made agaiust him in the news
papers are only too true. He will pass
into history with the long line of similar
heroes brought to the surface by Grant,
who had not sufficient moral courage to
keep them from stealing. The commission
condemn the whole batch of Indian agents
as knaves, except one, and call him a fool.
We suppose he had a chance to steal and
didn’t do it. They wind up by proposing
a Territorial government, the enactment
and enforcement of such laws as we have
among white folks. A judge would have
about as good a time enforcing such an ar
arraogement as he would over wolves,
bears and the like.
CRIMES AND CASUALTIES.
Conviction of a Negro Fiend.
Selma, Ala., October 18. —Isaac Mc-
Affee, colored, ou trial for causing the
terrible railroad accident on the Selma,
Rome and Dalton Road, about one
year ago, by placing obstructions on
the track, was convicted and sentenced
to twenty years’ imprisonment. Two
white men are to be tried for the same
offense.
A Negro Ravislier Lynched.
Atlanta, October 18. —Clarke Ed
mondson, the negro who was charged
with raping a white woman, in Fayette
county, was taken out of jail by
some two or three hundred people,
early Sunday morning, and hanged ou
the gallows that his brother was ex
ecuted on a week before.
A Father Murders His Children.
Hackeltstown, N. J., October 18. —
Joseph Ricker killed his two sons,
aged six and ten. He missed his wife
and shot himself seriously in the head.
Marine Disasters.
Cape May, October 18.—The schoo
ners David Collins and Chimo, reported
wrecked near Townsend Inlet on the
4tu, have gone to pieces.
Yokohama, October 18.—The steamer
Sunda, from Hong Kong with Euro
pean mails, struck a rock near Turn
about Island on the 14th inst. All pas
sengers and the crew, except seven
natives, were saved.
London, October 18.—The French
schooner Sophie Et Julie has been
wrecked at Cape Archacon, on the
coast of France. Twenty-one persons
were drowned.
Seizure of Smuggled Goods.
New York, October 18.—A special
agent of the Treasury to-day seized
£35,000 worth of lace, silk and velvet
trimmings, jet goods, beads, loose
goods, &e., which were recently im
ported from England, but undervalued
in the invoices presented to the Cus
toms officers. The capture of the
original invoices led to a discovery' of
the attempt to defraud the revenue.
Forgeries,
NewYork, October 17. — Philip Sehnel
ling, John E. Hail and Emma Waters
were brought up at the Second District
Police Court to-day, charged with for
gery. They obtained from Clark & Son,
bankers, of this city, £590 in American
currency for Canadian bills, and it was
subsequently ascertained that these
bills were obtained in Canada on forg
ed letters of credit on the Bank of Brit
ish North America, of Montreal. The
forgeries were ( perpetrated ten days
ago, and this country and Canada are
flooded with them.
Ctucjusta.Ccmstihvtionnlist.
Established 1799.
THE STATE FAIR.
A Grand Opening—Fine Stock and Ma
chinery from the North—The Rifle
Contest—Crowded Trains—Arrival
and Reception of Distinguished
Guests—Programme for Speeches
from Gordon, Hawley, Kelley and
Bayard.
[Special to the Constitutionalist.!
Macon, October 18, 1875.
The Fair opened successfully to-day.
A force was at work all night placing
articles, which are constantly arriving.
There is a considerable quantity of fine
stock and machinery from New York,
Pennsylvania and Connecticut. The
display is superb. A delegation of the
Richmond Rifle Club made a success
ful preparatory practice at the battery,
which is arranged in Creedmore style.
Eleven rifle teams have entered. Trains
are arriving crowded. Many ladies are
present. The weather is delightful and
likely to remaiu so. There are ample
accommodations for all who come.
Ex-Gov. Hawley, Mayor Fox of Phil
adelphia, Congressman W. D. Kelley,
Gen. Newton, Mr. Robb of the Centen
nial Committee, and Senator Bayard
arrived and were received by General
Colquitt, Secretary Johnson and a com
mittee of citizens. A large crowd was
at the depot with the Brunswick Cor
net Band.
The programme for to-morrow is this:
Gen. Gordon arrives in the early morn
iug at 11:30 at the Fair Grounds and
delivers the address of welcome. The
response will be made by Gen. Hawley
on Wednesday. Hawley, at 1 p. m.,
addresses on Centennial matters. Con
gressman Kelley also speaks. Bayard
speaks on Thursday. Congressman
James M. Williams, of Delaware, Is
also here. F.
WASHINGTON.
Old Zack Chandler Offered Delano’s
Place.
Washington, October 18. — There is no
doubt the President has offered the
Secretaryship of the Interior Depart
ment to ex-Senator Chandler.
The Big Wigs Call ou His Majesty-
Revenue Complications—Postal.
Washington, October 18.—Judges of
the Supreme Court paid their usual
visit to the President.
No business in the court.
The Commissioners of Internal Rev
enue will direct officers not to seize
cigars packed in paper or tin boxes
for the piesent, where they are satis
fied the tax h;is been paid. The At
torney General decides that the law
does not permit the qpe of a cigar box
in which the marks required by law
have not been burned with a branding
iron. The Commissioner will recom
mend a modification of the law.
The Postmaster General has directed
that exact distances on railway routes
be taken, and that, where practicable,
mails be sent by the shortest routes.
Indictment Agaiust Delano and Cos. —
New Indian Government Pro
posed.
Washington, October 18, 1875. — The
Indian investigation committee have
made their report. They recommend
the abolition of the officers of superin
tendents of Indian affairs in the West,
and that their duties be performed by
inspectors. Recommend territorial—
the Indian Territory—establishment of
courts, abolition of tribal sovereignty,
extention of the criminal laws*of the
United States over Indian reservations,
exaction of individual responsibility
from the Indian for his accounts, and
recognition of individual rights of
property in their lands with some tem
porary restriction in their power of
alienation. They handle Delano as
guilty, condemn Dr. Saville as honest,
but weak, invoke the powers of the
Depertment of Justice for punishment
of the Indian Ring and deal roughly
with contractors of the West generally.
The report covers many columns and
is unanimous.
The Black Hills.
Cheyenne, Wyoming, October 16. —
Prof. Walter P. Janney, chief of the
geologist expedition of the Black Hills,
and assistants, returned to-day, hav
ing spent five months in the hills, and
made quite a thorough examination of
the whole country, and mapped it from
Belle Fourche to the south fork of the
Cheyenne river. He reports the gold
fields extending forty miles north from
Harney’s Peak and twenty miles west.
They contain gold in quantities that
will pay from three to five dollars per
day to a man, and that there are bars
on numbers of streams that will pay
much more than that. The water sup
plies are ample for the working pur
poses, and fully sufficient to carry
water from the top of most of the bars
and allow the tailing to be readily dis
posed of. The gold is coarse, the scale
good, and eas ly separated from gravel ■
and sand.
The Professor has with him an ounce
of coarse gold that two men obtained
on Spring Creek with ten hours’ labor.
Professor Janney corroborates Gen.
Custar’s report of the Hills, and says
that they will support thousands of
miners when the Government opens
them to settlement. The valleys are
all adapted to agriculture, and the
hills and canons to stock-raising. The
rain-fall is plentiful and timber abund
ant. His official report will be made
from New York, probably before Con
gress meets.
FROM NEW YORK.
The Noe Murderer—A Business Com
promise-Report of Jim Fisk’s Leg
acy.
New York, October 18.—Dolan was
arraigned for the murder of Noe. He
plead not guilty ; also plead in abate
ment the illegality of the grand jury. -
Dillingham, the junior partner of
Lee, Shepard & Dillingham, has bought
the stock and good will of the con
cern. This purchase is with the con
sent of the assignee and creditors.—
Business will be continued.
The Erie Railroad statement from
July Ist to August 3d, inclusive, is as
follows : Receipts, §5,000,000 ; disburse
ments, §4,500,000.
Pottsville, Pa., October 18.—The
Palo Alto Iron Company’s mills, which
have been idle over a year, resumed
operations to-day—about 300 men be
ing employed, at a reduction of 25 per
cent, from their former pay.
Havana, October 18. — The draft of
cavalry horses for the use of the army
has-been abolished and a tax of ten
dollars for every horse that would
' have been drafted has been instituted
in its stead.
FOREIGN DISPATCHES. ,
From the Arctic Regions.
Southampton, October 17.—The
steamer Pandora, fitted out by Lady
Franklin, has returned to Spithead.
She brings a letter which Captain
Nares deposited at Carey Islands. The
Alert and the Discovery arrived there'
on the 27th of July and left, again for
Smith’s Sound. They left Upensk on
the 2d of July and Cape York on the
25th of July. The season was a very
open one, and there was every prospect
of attaining a high latitude. All were
well. At Peel Soimd, within 20 miles of
King Wiliiam’s Island she encountered
impenetrable ice aud discovered the
graves of three of Sir John Franklin’s
men on Beachy Island.
China and Great Britain.
Shanghae, October 18.—Negotiations
between Mr. Wade, British Minister,
and the Chinese Government, are pro
gressing satisfactoiily. The Pekin
Gazette publishes au edict referring to
the murder of Mr. Margary, declaring
the right of foreigners to travel in the
interior, and requiring Chinese officials
to take cognizance of treaties. Messrs.
Grosvenor and Baker will proceed to
Yunnan overland. Mr. Wade has ar
rived at Shanghae.
From Rome.
Rome, October 17.—The newly ap
pointed Cardinal, Nobili Vitellesclii, is
dead.
King Victor Emanuel has arrived at
Milan.
Rotten Erie—M. Thiers between the
Sherry aud Champagne—Repairing
the Cable.
London, October 18. —John Morris
the attorney for the stock aud bond
holders of Erie has made a report
which depresses these securities. It in
dicates heavy sacrifices by the holders.
Paris, October 18.—At a banquet
given in honor of Thiers at Auacton, in
the Gironde, Thiers said the Republic
must be maintained. He did not
think the Radicals as black as painted
and believed if they gained power they
would pursue a different course from
what opponents suppose. He desired
the removal of all functionaries who
do not respect the Reupblic. This he
thought necessary to render elections
of representatives. He denied that the
Republic would isolate France. She
may count upon the sympathy of Eu
rope. The European policy in the fu
ture will be peace and non-interven
tion. He advocated a liberal and mod
ern system of education.
The Faraday expects to sail to-mor
row to repair the direct cable. Work
ing is expected about the 10th of No
vember.
A Pastoral Letter on the Guibord
Affair —Review of the European Corn
Market.
Montreal, October 18. —Yesterday a
pastoral letter from Bishop Bourget
was read in all Catholic churches, again
warning the people not to interfere with
the burial of Guibord’s remains, and
advising them to keep aloof from the
ceremony. The letter states that the
ground will be cursed from the moment
Guibord’s remains are deposited there.
The decree of the Privy Council is ac
quiesced in, and is to be obeyed.
London, October IS.—'Tho Mark
Lane Expr&s, in its regular weekly re
view of the cotton market, has the
following : In consequence of recent
heavy rains seed time is much less
promising. Dampness has affected
most of the new samples. Large for
eign arrivals have checfted the upward
tendency in prices, but holders still
are disposed to make concessions.
Trade, therefore, is inactive. At Paris
prices are rather lower, while in the
provinces of France wheat is steady
and somewhat dearer. Belgium is un
changed, while Holland is firmer and
Germany steady and inactive. Vienna
also it inactive, but Odessa is firm.
Tiie averages are one shilling two
pence higiier, in consequence of the
late advance, the bulk of that sold
being fully three shillings inferior in
price to the previous crop.
The Emperor of Germany in Italy,
Milan, 'October 18.—Emperor Wil
liam, accompanied by Field Marshal
Count Von Moltke, Secretary of State
Von Bulovv and other dignitaries, ar
rived here this afternoon. King Victor
Emanuel, the Crown Prince and Prin
cess, and Prince Amadeus, accompa
nied by the President of Council, Sig
nor Minghetti and the Minister for
Foreign Affairs, Signor Viseonti-Ve
nosta received the Emperor and his
suite at the railway station, where the
members of the royal household and
representatives from the two Chambers
were in waiting. The Minister of War,
Signor Ricotti, aud the Minister of the
Interior, Signor Cantelii, were also
present. Multitudes of people assem
bled at tho railway station and lined
the gaily decorated streets through
which the distinguished party passed.
There was great enthusiasm. Accord
ing to the present arrangement it is ex
pected the Emperor will remain here
three or four days.
Tlie War in Turkey
Ragusa, October 18. —The Turks
have crossed Austrian lines and men
ace the village of Erzeg. Troops have
been sent thither.
“This Completes the Impoverishment
of the Polish NoTbility.”
Berlin, October 18. —Russia has
commanded Polish proprietors of sev
eral provinces to sell their farms to
Russian tenants at prices fixed by the
Governmeut. This completes the im
poverishment of the Polish nobility.
OHIO ELECTION.
Hamilton County Official—The Vote of
Perrysburg Thrown Out.
Cincinnati, October 18.—Hamilton
county official majorities : Hayes, Gov
ernor t 1,295 ; Young, Lieutenant-Gov
ernor, 3,251 ; other State officers about
the same as Hayes.
Toledo, October 18.—The Commercial
has information that the Wood county
canvassing board decided on Saturday
to throw out Perrysburg’s vote, in
which case Brawn and Swan (Republi
can) would bo elected Senators, and
Hayes’ majority in the county be 723 in
stead of 469.
Cincinnati, October 18.—The official
returns of Hamilton county give the
Republicaus all four State Senators and
all ten representatives.
A Pittsburg Failure.
Pittsburg, October 18. — The firm of
Rogers & Burchfield, prominent iron
manufacturers, of this city, have sus
pended. They have been operating
two mills—one at Leechbury, and the
other at Appalo, Penn. Their assets
and liabilities are not known.
Heavy Snow Storms North—A Fall of
Five Inches.
Sdsquehanna, Penn., October 18.—
Five inches of snow.
Port Jervis, N. Y., October 18.—Show
and severe gale in this section.
‘ AUGUSTA, GA., TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1875.
MONEY-WORSHIP.
THE MONEY KINGS OF NEW
YORK;.;
Their Fortunes and Misfortunes —
Vanderbilt and the Skeleton in His
Closet—The Valuable Lessons Taught
by Failure.
[Special correspondence; of the Cincinnati
Gazette }
New York, October 13.
After a review of odff large estates it
is evident that no one is growing rich
as rapidly as the Commodore. It is a
strange spectacle to sen the old railway
autocrat iu his office dictating policy to
distant corporations, and bringing them
under tribute. The office referred to is
a plain edifice, formerly a second-rate
dwelling-house, whos t parlors (with
folding doors) are now jin the Commo
dore’s service. The front room con
tains his private secretary, while the
rear is occupied by tpe master. The
walls are covered wifli railway maps
and the table is spread with appropri
ate documents. Here, from 10 to 2, a
tall and bright-eyed ojd man of four
score sits in solitary [calculation, and
occasionally issues orders to his clerk,
who attends to their execution. At this
table he has done business for a quar
ter of a century, and here he has made
forty millions at least,! He was but a
beginner in railroads When he moved
hither, having then solid out his ships
and devoted himself to, land transpor
tation. Orders from. this office have
recently displaced the, Pullman palace
cars from the Michigan Central road,
giving the preference * ) Wagner’s cars,
in which the Commodffre is a leading
owner. This shows that the Michigan
Central is the latest acquisition to the
grand estate, and perhaps the next
thing will be the election of the Com
modore as President. The Commodore
would be happy were there not a
“skeleton in the closet’; in the person of
that son who bears his:own name. Cor
nelius has resisted all■ attempts made
for his refomation an<| remains a per
manent sorrow to his father. None of
our capitalists can conceal the skeleton
in the closet which becomes more ap
parent as they attract she public eye.
Notes on Money; Worship.
The worship of wealth has been one
of the striking features of our race
throughout all ages, and it never was
more apparent than at preseet. The
names of our capitalists are in such
frequent parlance as to show how they
are canonized as the true saints in the
calendar. There is St. Cornelius and
St. Alexander, and the family of the
Astors. I have sometimes thought
that it would be well if the inside life
of all these imaginary celestials could
be portrayed. We should then see a
picture of social ulcer such as would
make one shudder, fft would be well
for our clergy to handle this theme in
a bold and transparent manner. Let
them show the truth of the poet’s
words: * ■
“Man’s rich but little, were his judgment
true,
Nature is frugal and her: wonts are few.”
Misfortunes of our lticb Men.
During this half-insane idolatry of
wealth, it is well to' refer, however,
briefly to the real condition, as the poet
says :
“ Can wealtli give liappmoss? Look around
and see
What gay distress, what splendid misery!”
I have lived long enough in this city
to be able to recall instances in which
money proved a terrible curse. I can
remember old John Jacob Astor in his
latter years suffering intensely from
the fear of poverty. ; The care of his
immense estate, and the danger of ap
proaching want, wrought a frame of
mind which was distress akin to mad
ness. All his conversation was about
his investments and the expenses of
living, which were of a threatening na
ture, and grew worse, until the scene
was closed by deaths. Another case
was that of old Natbimiel Prime, foun
der of the house of Prime, Ward & Cos.
He retired to a country seat, in pos
session of much envied wealth, but be
came so intensely rmiserable that he i
finished by cutting hss throat. Another
capitalist hanged hicjself because of a
loss of §SOO. He h|id sold a house,
which the purchaser! resold at a profit
of tiie above-mentioned amount, aud
the consequent vexejion drove him to
suicide. Charles M. Leup, once one of
the leading leather dealers of the
city, finished his career in thej same
manner. Ho had spout many years iu
the accumulation of great wealth, and
when his desires had been gratified, it
brought such wretchedness that sui
cide appeared the boat mode of relief.
Van Auken, the buttffr merchant, after
making a half million, cut his throat in
a Fifth avenue palaffe. In fact, there
have been more suicides in Fifth ave
nue relative to its? population, than
among the population of our tenement
houses. f
Wealtli and ; ; Insanity.
It is melancholy? to observe how
closely insanity tracks our successful
business men. Mad Jess, Indeed, is tho
great avenger of those laws of health
which is broken by pearly all who seek
wealth. I have noticed a long list of
painful illustrations*,! this truth. One
of the most striking was that of the
late Thomas Andrews. He was well
known as one of the most brilliant busi
ness men of his dqy, and the house
which he founded is!still in successful
operation. I knew Jim when he start
ed trade without a P illar. His energy
and skill made up fur lack of capital,
and the result was that before he was
forty, he was estimated at a half mil
lion. This grand success was only ac
complished by intense application to
business, and his mind sank under the
tremendous effort. He died iu Bloom
iugdale Lunatic Asylum, aged forty
five. I can add to tljis a large number
of similar cases of Standing character
which show at how ijreat expense some
men make money.
Fortunes Changing.
Another very striking feature in our
commercial gran decs is the failure of
their ambition in palace-building. The
old saying “that fools build houses and
wise men live in tiff in” is continually
verified in the history of our parvenu
gentry. Almost alf. the villas on the
banks of the Hudtffm are now for sale
at a vast sacrifice, .;ud many sales have
been effected at a?:; immense loss, re
minding us of Popeffi lines—
“ What brought Sir ff’isto’s ill-got wealth
to waste?
Some demon whispn*ed, Visto, have a
Heaven visits with a taste the wealthy
fool.
Who needs no rod bur Ripley and a rule.”
Among the noticeable illustrations
of this truth was tffe Townsend man
sion, corner of ffifth avenue and
Thirty-third street Townsend built
what was meant to ne the finest house
in this city. It surpassed everything
in the line of dcffiestic architecture,
and was indeed scffattractive as to be
exhibited at twencMve Qents admit
tance, the proceeds being devoted to a
charity. Townsend enjoyed the glory
of this palace but a short time. He
failed and was sold out. A. T. Stewart
bought the grand house, pulled it
down, and erected his exquisite and
unequalled mansion in its place. Town
send subsequently died poor. The ri
valry displayed in building at great
cost is often carried to a ridiculous ex
treme. For instance, here was Edwin
Bartlett, a rich merchant, with no fam
ily but a wife. He determined to ex
cel all suburban residences, and 'ex
pended §90,000 in a villa at Irvington.
In a short time subsequently he failed,
and the grand establishment went, at
low rate, into’other hands. Such a pic
ture the poet thus affords:
“In cost and grandeur Chandos he’ll outdo,
And, Burlington thy taste is not so true.
The pile is finished, every toil is past,
And full perfection is arrived at last.
When lo! my lord to some small corner
runs,
And grandeur leaves to strangers and to
duns.”
Another instance is found in Le
Grand Lockwood’s palace at Norwalk,
which cost a quarter million, and can
now be bought of its creditors for one
third its cost.
Whitlock’s Folly.
One of the most brilliant and sub
stantial of architectural schemes was
found in the ambition of the late B. M.
Whitlock. He was an extensive dealer
in wines, cigars, and similar goods,
which paid large profits, and his trade
made him rapidly rich. He was lavish
in his method of advertising, and one
way of drumming trade was to send a
basket of champagne to any one whom
he desired to influence. When a coun
try merchant on returning to his hotel
found a dozen of Veuve Cliquot in his
room with Whitlock’s compliments it
had a powerful effect to bring him to
the store. Whitlock became very rich,
and then determined to build the grand
est house iu Westchester county. He
purchased a park of 300 acres aud
erected a palace. At oue time he gave
a banquet and sent the guests home iu
his own carriages to the number of
nearly fifty. Such an expense soon
brought down the spendthrift’s wealth,
and the first ensuing pressure placed
him among the bankrupts. He after
ward became a real estate agent, and
his misfortunes were accompanied by a
religious iufluence. He became a leader
in meetings, and was, until his death, a
much more useful man than during his
years of splendor.
How often such examples remind us
that
“l’hc man who builds, and wants where
with t) pay,
Provides a home from which to run away.”
A Glance at Old Times.
The old-fashioued merchants of this
city, up to forty years ago, were wont
to live over their stores, paying, in
most instances, not more than §BOO for
the whole building. Many Wall street
cashiers also lived over the bank. In
those days clerks -boarded with their
employers, merchants lived plainly,
their wives and daughters dressed iu
an economical manner, and a §SO shawl
was a matter of surprise. Business
was done safely, and money was made
in a sure manner. If a man had §20,-
000 he was rich, and to retire on a for
tune of §50,000 was a great success.
Many of our veteran merchants, such
as Peter Cooper, William E. Dodge and
Sam S3hiffelin, can remember this
primitive condition, aud they no doubt
regret the change. The success of
these men rose from their education in
economy.
Modern Style.
At present the merchant, if a resident
of this city, lives from two to four
miles from the store, but iu many in
stances he is an out-of-town man. If
he is an out-of-town man, he pays
§2,500 house rent and has twice that
sum invested in furniture. This is a
lotv mark, for when Howes & Macy
failed, their furniture was rated at
§45,000. If economical, a modern
merchant can live on §7,000 a year. He
pays from §6,000 to §15,000 store rent,
even at present reduced rates. The
clerk, instead of being under his em
ployer’s guardian eye, lives at a board
ing-house, and becomes a fashionable
young man, who attends the theatre
and indulges iu other dissipation. If
his salary is not sufficient to meet his
expenses, he will steal. To meet this
demand the merchant defends himself
by a system of “check-,” ijnd hires a
deteciive to watch his clerks. In al
most every establishment iu this city,
where theft or defalcation is possible,
it is practiced. New York clerks are
among the best patrons of gaming es
tablishments, and other places equally
as bad, where pleasure is offered at
cheap rates.
Clerk’s Wages.
There are now 50,000 clerks in this
city, one-tenth of whom are out of em
ployment. Those who are so fortunate
as to retain their situations are work
ing at reduced rates. The largest em
ployer is Stewart, whose pay-roll, in
both stores, contains nearly 1,000
names, and requires §12,000 per week.
Claflin is next in importance, and his
pay roll is equal to §6,000 per week.
Entry clerks receive §600; salesmen,
§BOO to §1,200. Some of these, who sell
on commission, make from §2,000 to
§3,0)0, the commission being one per
cent Book-keepers receive from §BOO
to §1,200. In every large concern there
is tbe head book-keeper, who is in the
confidence of the firm, and uraws a
large salary, generally §2,500. Stewart
has 150 men who use the pen, and this
department occupies a space in the
wholesale house twice the size of his
first retail store. A half-dozen men
are employed to answer letters. Four
men fill up bank checks and attend to
finances. About thirty are at the books,
steadily posting and drawing off ac
counts, and all these are under the
mastery of a chief accountant, whose
salary is said to be §4,000. Avery large
part of the wholesale domestic trade is
done in the basement, which is very
unwholesome, and yet about sixty men
are here most of the time. A clerk is at
best a floating character. They shift
from one place to another, anil gener
ally get broken down early in life. It is
a mystery what becomes of that crowd
of youth which every season flocks to
the metropolis in pursit of wealth, but
it may be said that few ever reach suc
cess, and a very large proportion go to
ruin.
A Curious Fact. ®
The greatest merchant in the world
bears oue exceptional mark of peculiar
character. I will explain by saying
that A. T. Stewart never was a clerk.
He was, in fact, not bred to any busi
ness, but came to America an educated
young man, whose expectations were
to beeome a teacher. He found em
ployment in this business until he was
instinetively led to the dry goods trade,
which he has pursued to his present
greatcess. Claflin was a clerk near
Worcester, and subsequently became a
dry goods retailer in that thriving
town, whence he came to this city as a
partner in the firm of Bulkley & Cla
ttin. as Stewart never ha 4 any busi-
ness education to prepare him for a mer
cantile career, we see more vividly the
power of his genius iu creating a vast
business, and ordaining a system of
government such as the world has
never seen equalled. It is, perhaps,
because Stewart has never been a clerk
that iie has so little sympathy with
this unfortunate class. He has tiie rep
utation of being a very hard taskmas
ter, and I have beeu told that one of
his rules is to never give employment
to any one who had ever left his ser
vice, either voluntary or by discharge.
How Great Fortunes were Made.
If there be anything in example,
then we are brought by this question
to see the power of little thinge. Here
is the pedagogue Stewart transformed
into the merchant prince by the very
same rule which made the once poor
boy Stephen Whitney the possessor of
ten millions. The Goelets, the Lenoxes,
the Vanderbilts, tho Shorelanders, aud
the Rosevelts all commenced small.
The principle on which they begun was
one that insured success. Jay Gould,
the present magnate of Wall street,
was once au obscure leather dealer.
It is an astonishing fact that no great
estates have been made in this city
since the extraordinary prevalence of
fashion. Permanent success is im
possible when the great object is show
rather than substance.
Knickerbocker.
- —■ ii
A SHREWD SAUSAGE DEALER.
How to Make an Enormous Profit on
Bolognas.
[From tho Pittsburgh Ledger.]
The other day, about noon, a young
man left in charge of one of the law
offices on Grand street thought he
would go down Diamond alley and in
vest one of his hard-earned five-cent
pieces iu a free luucli. He had just got
his hat on his head aud his foot on the
threshold of tiie office door, when an
individual with a basket on his arm en
tered the sanctum of law.
“Do you want any sausage to-day?”
he asked of the law student, taking the
lid off his basket, and displaying about
a dozeu large bologna sausages.
“I dunno,” said the clerk, in a hesi
tating manner; “how much?”
“Only ten cents apiece, an’ cheap at
that,” said the sausage vender, taking
one out.
The clerk thought this would save
him a trip down town, so he decided to
purchase. Accordingly he took one of
the largest sausages in the basket and
handed the man the required sum—lo
cents—and was about to cut iu two,
when the peddler asked :
“You haven’t seen any mad-dogs this
season, have you, mister?”
There was something so evidently
suggestive in this that the young man
laid down the untasted bologna.
“No, I haven’t why?”
“Well, I just thought as how this
was dog days, you might have seen
one shot. If so, I would like to hold
au inquest on the corpus. But as you
ain’t seen any, it’s all right;” aud he
started for the door. But as the clerk
again picked up the sausage, he ven
tured: “Them there sausages are
all fresh,” he said, “jist made this
morning.”
(The clerk took a bite.)
“There was a cat-fight on our roof
last night, an’ the way them critters
howled was a ca'ution. But I ups and
gets my old shot-gun, and blast me if I
didn’t kill thirteen of them.”
(The clerk put down his bologna.)
“And what did you do with their
bodies?” he asked, a sickly smile steal
ing over his pallid features.
“Now, see here, mister, when I tell
you a story, you shouldn't ask any
questions. But them there cats ain’t
on our roof now, you bet.”
A thought seemed to strike the clerk.
“You killed thirteen cats last night,
you say?” he asked.
“Yes, mister, that’s just what I said,
and just what I did.”
“And these sausages were made th is
morning ?”
A horrid smile spread over tho sau
sage man’s face.
“Again your humble servant says
yes,” he answered.
“One more question,” continued the
young man. “Are the sausages made
out of cats ?”
“That’s a leading question, mister,
which this court won’t answer. But if
you feel like chawing up a few rats be
fore you get the bologna down, it ain’t
my fault,” and he started to go.
“Here, my man,” said the horrified
clerk, “I guess I don’t wont any sausa
ges to-day. Never mind the money.
Begone !”
Tbe bologna man went out of tho
door, saying to himself: “That’s the
fourth time I’ve sold that bologna to
day, which makes forty cents clear. If
I keep on in this way I’ll get rich.
Good day, mister. I’ll call to-morrow,”
and the inkstand just missed his head
as he closed the door.
minor Telegrams.
Boston, October 18. —A movement is
afloat by a Methodist minister for
Presidential pardon of tho Jefferson
Borden mutineers, under sentence of
death.
A meeting of the creditors of Lee &
Shepard agreed to take twenty cents
on the dollar on three and twenty-four
months time.
Raleigh, October 18. —Captain A. B.
Andrews, who has been for eight years
superintendent of the R. & G. & R. &
A. A. L. R. R., has resigned that posi
tion and accepted the superintendency
of the N. C. &N. W. N. C. Roads, with
headquarters in Raleigh.
Baltimore, October 18.—Tho credi
tors of the Calvert Sugar Refiniug Cos.
held an adjourned meeting to-day. The
Trustees made a report showing the
results of their operations since the re
finery came into their hands, and de
claring a dividend of 20 per cent, on
their total indebtedness.
THE TURF.
Jerome Park, October 18. — Handicap
for all ages, one mile, five furlongs:
Galway first, Carver second, Sbylock
third —time, 3:04. Second race, three
quarters of a mile dash, for two year
olds : Mardean’s Tigress first, Ambush
second —time, Third race, one
aud three quarters of a mile : Josie
B. first, Seiaps second, Donny Brook
third —time, 3:20. Fourth race, two
and a half mile dash : Nettie Norton
first. Maid second—time, 4:49.
Fifth Race—Steeple chase, two and a
half miles; Trouble first. Coronet
second, Busy Bee third. Busy Bee fell,
throwing his rider, Diabola bolted at
the start, losing all chance of winning.
Time, 4;36)£.
—— —I • irnm
Columbia Union-Herald: In Sumter
county, the referees appointed by the
court) to ascertain what was due to the
county by the late County Treasurer,
Mr. W. H. Gardner, have reported the
amount to be §5,70,0 aud interest, for
which amount the county has ample
security.
New Series—Vol. 28, No. 63,
SUPERIOR COURT.
Opening of tlie October Term.
The regular October term of the Su
perior Court, Judge Wm. Gibson pre
siding, commenced yesterday morning
at 10 o’clock. There was a full attend
ance of the bar, jurors, etc., and but
little delay was experienced in opening
court.
THE GRAND JURY
was sworn in, the following being the
names of the jurors, after which they
•retired for organization :
John C. Wilkenson, J. P. Weathersby,
John Y. Keener, Whitfield Thomas,
E. W. Hack, Albert Hatch,
W. A. Ramsey, E. D. Wiugard,
McKinne Law, Daniel T. Wolfe,
S. C. Reed, C. V. Walker,
Geo. E. Goodrich, J. M. DeCottes,
Louis A. Gardelle, Thomas T. Turner,
Henry Myers, R. N. Hotchkiss.
Upon their return McKiune Law,
Esq., having been chosen foreman,
Judge Gibson delivered to them tiie
following charge in relation to their
duties as grand jurors:
CHARGE OF JUDGE GIBSON.
M'\ Foreman and Gentlemen of the Grand
Jury:
The oaths each of you have taken ex
plain i'uliy the manner in which you will
discharge the duties now assumed by you.
You shall present no one from any hatred
nor malice, nor will you leave any one un
presented from feu - , favor, affection, re
wards or the hope thereof. You have fur
ther sworn that you will diligently inquire
and true presentments make of all things
given you in charge touching your present
service.
Gaming, Lotteries and Weapons.
I now call your attention specially to all
the sections of the Code against gaming
and keeping gaming houses or rooms
where gaming is permitted or allowed.
Next to gaming is the selling of lottery
tickets or gift enterprise tickets of any
kind whatever. All this species of traffic
is expressly forbidden, and can be p unshed
if not prevented, if you as grand jurors
will diligently inquire for the violators of
those jaws, i have so frequently charged
the grand juries upon the subject of carry
ing concealed deadly weapons that nothing
but a sense of duty could induce me to re
peat it, having almost despaired of awake
ning a public sentiment to prevent this
cruel, dangerous and dastardly habit. I
call your special attention to the frequent
violations of the laws preventing the sale
of spirituous liquors to minors and persons
when intoxicated or under its influence.
Many good men seriously question the
utility of manufa turing or selling spirit-'
uous liquors, and but few of its best friends
can point out its beneficial effects to the
citizen or society. Let those who deal in
it be held to a strict observance of the
laws, uud many of its evils may be pre
vented.
Board of Pliyiseians.
The Legislature, in order to protect the
health and lives of the citizens against
quacks and the sale of poisonous drugs,
have provided a Board of Physicians for
the State, to license those who are qualified
to practice medicines or sell drugs, and no
person can prescribe for the cure of dis
eases or sell drugs without obtaining
a license from this Board therefor under
heavy penalties -from a line of a hundred
to five thousand dollars. I call your es
pecial attention to sections 1402, 1407 and
1408 of the new Code, and trust you will see
to it that all unauthorized persons, whether
permanently located amongst us, or trav
eling doctors or peddlers of drugs, shall be
brought to justice. I also call your atten
tion to 1416 of said code, in relation to un
authorized practicing of dentistry. The
laws of our btato should be enforced or re
pealed. AH Justices and Notaries who are
‘ X offi.ro .Justices are required by soction
4',05 of the Code to keep dockets of ail
cases, civil and criminal, disposed of by
them, with! itemized bills of costs and
charges, and to submit them for inspection
to your body on the first day of each term
of the Superior Courts.
Lottery Tickets.
Section 4548 of your Code reads thus:
“Any person or persons who shall sell or
offer for s;,le in this State (and, I take it,
Augusta is in this State,) any lottery ticket
or tickets for any lottery to be drawn in
this State or elsewhere, shall be subject to
indictment,” &c.; and 4549 reads thus: “It
shall not be lawful for any person in this
State by himself or agent to sell or disposo
of any lottery ticket, or any certificate or
ticket in any gift enterprise &c. If the
spirit of speculation, gaming and gambling
has so possessed our juries as to cause
them to disregard their oaths, some other
mode must be provided for the enforce
ment of public laws. Sections 4589 and 4590,
as to selling by false weights, measures
and under assize cannot be too rigidly en
forced. The offenses of forestalling, re
grating and engrossing belong peculiarly
to the class of games and gambling for
futures jandlto purchasers on secret tele
grams m advance of regular dispatches,
Ac., are considered, when successful, so
g- nteel that its punishment must bo de
ferred to that tribunal where gold and sil
ver may not corrupt.
Interfering with Religious Worship.
I am required to give you in special
charge sections 4574, 75 and 76, which pun
ish all interferances witli religious wor
ship, the use of vulgar, obscene or profane
language; also the vending or selling of
spirituous iiquors or other things at or
near camp grounds, or places of worship.
The person who would violate either of
these sections of the Code should bo pun
ished severely. A Christian people aro re
quired by the laws of both God and man to
observe the Sabbath. All stores and shops
aro required to be closed on that day; nor
are railroad trains exempt from this re
quirement, to observe and keep the Sab
bath day, if not holy, at least to abstain
from ail secular avocations and uses.
Vagrants and Vagrancy.
The strict, rigid and universal enforce
ment of the 4560 section of the Code against
vagrants and vagrancy is now an absolute
necessity. All must eat, all must be clad
and housed. The most important inquiry
here arises: Who must feed, clothe and
house, and how much of this can a people
do? If labor produces all wealth, is it not
important that every able bodied person
should contribute his portion? The field
laborer produces the grain and meat to
feed the people; the mechanic and skilled
laborer improves all machinery and means
for the use of the people: the merchant
transports from one section to the other
all needed and useful articles; the doctor
relieves our sufferings; the lawyer lives by
the frauds, defaults and misfortunes of his
fellows, and thus all may be omployed.—
And yet how many among us are unem
ployed? Could not more than ten times
the population be fed, clothed and cared
for if some man had power to compel the
idle and profligate vagrants to work ? I
trust, gentlemeD, that you will do all you
can to com pel all our vagrant population
to go to work, and that more efficient
means may -bo provided to effect so desir
able an end.
Taxes, Records and Convicts,
The tax digest you are required at this
term to fully examine, and I trust, gentle
men, you will 00-operate with our able and
efficient Tax Receiver in compelling every
man to bear his due proportion of the
burthens of taxation. The roads, records
of the county and public offices should re
ceive your careful attention. Whilst I re
gret that any interference was made in the
manner of keepiug your county convicts,
and adhor cruelty of every kind, I do feol
that no greater necessity has ever existed
in any country, and trust that soon a house
of correction may be established for all
juvenile offenders found running at large
and not properly cared for. The industri
ous and honest will work; the lazy and in
dolent must be made to work.
Every roan who reeognizes fully his man
hood, upon entering society voluntarily
assumes all the duties imposed by the laws
of his State and society; hence it is as im
portant to abstain from doing things pro*
hibited as it is to do those commanded and
required. The good and virtuqua citizen
will observe the laws. Cqurts, of which
you compose a constituent portion, are
organized tft compel the vicious and bad.
In qqr vcqeut developments and peculiar re
lations arising therefrom many defects may
arise; yet with a prevailing sense of pub
lic and individual responsibility and an
earnest desire to dft right,’ trusting to the
guidance of an Aliwise Creator, we may
and og,n succeed. The spirit of freedom
Which pervades so largely must bo vequir-.
ed to regard the individual rights of others
and the laws of God and society, iSeif-oon
ceit, personal whims, partisan and relig
ious prejudices ugd nuiuiosiUea may da-
To Advertisers and Subscribers.
° and after this date (April 21. 1875,) all
editions of the Constitutionalist will be sent
free of postage.
Advertisements must be paid for when han
ded in, unless otherwise stipulated.
Announcino or suggesting Candidates for
office, 20 cents per line each insertion.
Monet may be remitted at our risk by Express
or Postal Order.
Correspondence invited from all sources,
and valuable special news paid for if used.
Rejected Communications will not be re
turned, and no notice taken of anonymous
letters, or articles written on both sides.
velop a spirit of licentiousness in men of
small catbre, calculated to destroy all
charity and every principle that purifies
the life of man. Yet, let us not despair, for
such people have always existed.
The Government and the Governed.
I have never admitted the right and
power of any government to do more than
protect the citizens in the enjovment of
every permitted right and privilege of his
person and property; to assume to di.tate
a religion or education, however good and
plausible maybe the purposes, is a usurpa
tion which, if submitted to, is but the be
ginning of the end of American freedom
Southern valor and honor since the days of
Washington, the father of his country,
down to the immortal Lee, has been untar
nished by deeds of cowardice or cruelty;
Southern statesmanship, from the days of
Jefferson, the author of our Declaration of
Independence, to the days of that great
commoner and statesman, A. H. Stephens,
has been unrivalled; Southern oratory’,
from the days of Patrick Henry and (fl ay
to the great Lamar has been unequalled;
Southern Christianity, as illustrated by
Asbury, Elliott, Andrews and Campbell
has never been excelled in Christian purity
or religious zeal; in what then may we nos
compare with the habitable globe? With
this proud re ord in the past may we not
by imitating the virtues of our proud an
cestry, hopefully anticipate yet a bright
and glorious future?
The Two Races.
In that prosperity and culture oan we
not hope to improve, cultivate and elevate
our colored population ? Carpet-bag poli
ticians, bankers and preachers may have
beguiled them in the past, vet their treach
ery and robberies were short-lived, and
will soon end if wis 1 >m, moderation and
justice can but prevail. Mr. Stephens, the
true friend of the colored man, and of the
oppressed and weak everywhere, could not,
in a voting population of 2,000 or more, ob
tain a corporal’s guard of their votes. Mr.
Hickman, Gov. Jenkins, and Alfred Baker,
solid and substantial bankers, seeking their
deposits aud paying interest, could not ob
tain a tithe of their earnings for deposit,
whilse Ritter, witli his local board (very
few of whom lost one dollar) could get his
thousands. Every drayman, every cook,
every butler and house servant, man or
maid, is fed, employed and o othed by the
whites and their children educated. Many
mechanics and porters in stores areem
ployed at good wages, to tne exclusion of
honest and worthy whites, and yet arro
gant, lazy, idle, ignorant and worthless
pretenders can go out and denounoe the
whites and try to get up insurrections,
emigration and fabulous outrage stories
for partisan and poiitioal purposes. Were
it not that our sister State, ever since the
war, had given up their lands and paid vol
untarily millions to the colored race to re
main with them, and vote for carpet-bag
gers and thieves to rule, rob and control
things for them, I would not, perhaps, be
amazed at our liberality. Such devotion to
a race fully satisfies me that whilst local
disturbances may be engendered, and oc
casionally blood shed, yet no serious and
extensive rupture need be apprenonded by
our people.
The Currency Question.
Some of us are alarmed and frightened
about dishonest and rag money, as it is
now called by the very men that made ft.
Some are failing for the want of it; values
are shrinking from its contraction, and
business and trade of every kind curtailing.
I have never seen or heard of such super
human efforts being used to obtain rags by
all classes. The gold bonds of the State
are sold for it; Georgia and Central Rail
road stock at 70 cents in the dollar is sold
for it; canal and factory stocks, bonds and
cotton are sold for it; houses, brick, mar
ble and brown stone; merchandise and all
securities of every kind; men will lie, cheat
and steal for it. It will pay every man’s
indebtedness, I care not how much in
volved he may be and yet it is rags.—
When will humbuggery oease? or are wo
preparing the golden links with which
to enslave the poor, helpless and de
pendent laboring men ? The Philistines
once tried the experiment of binding, and
every effort to make slaves of a free peo
ple I trust will be equally as futile. This
perhaps may be a digression, and some
may say it is partisan; yet, when the two
great leaders of tho Democracy in the
North and West stand divided—one for tho
people and the other for Shylocks and
usurers—l trust I will bo pardoned in at
least advertising everything >ro have for
sale on liberal terms for cash in greenbacks,
otherwise called rags or dishonest money.
Ido not know but some sales could be
effected on time for a portion at leost, and
in this same so-called rag money.
Let us, gentlemen, do our whole duty;
enforce strictly every law for public secur
ity and protection to person and property,
deserving success and prosperity at least;
abiding patiently, but not with stoic indif
ference, whatever fate may befall us.
AT THE CONCLUSION
of the charge Judge Gibson said he
hoped that the grand jury would so
arrange that they couid adjourn this
evening or to-morrow until Monday.
There were some matters he under
stood could not be attended to this
week; hence they would have to be
put off.
THE SPECIAL JURORS
for the first week of the term were
then sworn in, as follows:
Wm. Heckle, Wm. S. Skinner,
E. W. Brown, J. F. Thompson, ?
Owen O’Donohue, S. J. Cary,
A. W. Ivey, Jtft. L. Fleming,
J. F. Armstrong, C. E, Dodd.
Geo. Maul, R. H. Sykes,
John McKenzie, E. R: Cunningham,
Alex. McAttish, M. M. Benjamin,
P. S. Jacobs, R. E. Baskerville,
R. C. Easterling, Jackson F. Turpin,
E. Cary, A. B. Crump,
E. P. Stansell, # W. T. Lamar.
CIVIL DOCKET.
The Court proceeded to the consider
ation of civil cases. Only one case was
disposed of—that of Hiram Milligan
vs. The Meohanics Bank of Augusta—
claim. The main point in this case was
as to whether the bank building and
lot on Broad street, purchased from the
assignee of the Bank, Judge William
T. Gould, in December, 1869, by Dr. H.
H. Steiner, was subject to the claim of
the creditors of the institution, who
had obtained judgment.
Counsel for both side3 consented to
take a verdict in accordance with the
opinion of the Court, after hearing ar
gument. The case was briefly but ably
argued on both sides, A. T. Akerman
for the plaintiff, F. H. Miller and W.
Hope Hull for the claimant. At the
conclusion the Court decided the title
of the claimant, Dr. Steiner, to the pro
perty good and sufficient, and a verdict
to that effect was rendered.
RETURNS OF THE GRAND JURY.
The Grand Jury made the following
returns:
The State vs. Richard Green alias
Richard Williams, simple larceny—
horse stealing. True bill.
The State vs. Robert Walker,
burglary in the night. True bill.
The State vs. Benj. W. Hext, cheat
and swindler. True bill.
The State vs. Mary Jane Jacobs,
assault with intent to murder. True
bill.
The State vs. James Kelly, assault
with intent to murder. True bill.
Judge Gibson announced thaA the
criminal docket would be taken, up on
the first Monday in November, next
Monday week.
ADMITTED Jo THF BAR.
Upon the explication of Mr. 0. Henry
'Cohen tor admission to the bar, the
court appointed the following commit
tee of examination: Judge J. S. Hook,
Maj. J. B. Cumming, J. C. C. Black,
Esq., and Solioitor General Davenport
Jackson. Mr. Cohen passed a most
creditable examination, showing he
had made the best use of his oppor
tunities and talents, and at its conclu
sion, was highly complimented, espe
cially by Judge Hook.
- ADJOURNED. ’
The juries were discharged until 9
o’clock this morning, and court then
adjourned to the same hour, when th^
civil docket will be resumed*