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FRANCIS COGltf, f Proprietors
GEO. T. JAOKSON,;
Address all Letters to the Constitu
tionalist office, AUGUSTA, GA.
FOREIGN DISPATCHES.
French Politics —Rejection of tlie
Prussian Press Laws—Don Carlos’
Harshness to Gen. Saballs-—Ami
cable Relations Between the United
States and Spain—Russia’s Troubles
iu the East.
Paris, November 23.—The Moniteur
says it is thought a portion of the
Senate to be chosen by the Assembly
will be fixed for Monday, and the Gov
ernments will propose a dissolution on
December 15th.
Berlin, November 23.—The Federal
Council has rejected the Prussian pro
posltion-for coercive press laws.
New York, November 23.—The Paris
Liberte, received by the last European
mail, says Don Carlos, on the 22d of
October/was in a house ten miles Horn
Pampeluua when Saballs arrived in a
carriage, accompanied by the Mayor
of Biaritz, who continues to intervene
in the most flagrant manner iu the af
fairs of the neighboring countiy. The
French functionary obtained an audi
ence, when Saballs threw himself at the
feet of Don Carlos to ask a secret audi
ence. It lasted twenty-five minutes,
when Don Carlos called the chief of his
escort and demanded a squad of seven
men and a sergeant. These eight men
surrounded Saballs, and galloped with
him to Estella, with orders to confine
him iu*tho cell of the municipal prison
and prevent communication with any
one.
Madrid, November 23.—The United
States 1 ligate Congress has been or
dered home. The Franklin, Alaska
and Juniata are to proceed to “Lisbon.
Senor Castelar has had an assurance
from Minister Cushing that the peace
existing between the countries will not
be disturbed.
Tashkena, November 23.—After Gen.
Kaufman bad left Namanghau for
Khojeu the Kiptsehaks rebelled and
surprised the former town. They in
vested the citadel and the Russian
camp. The Russians resisted success
fully for three days, when General
Scobeleff returned "and attacked the
Kiptsehaks, who tied, losing three
thousand eight hundred dead on the
field. Anarchy reigns throughout
Khokand.
London, November 23.—Private ac
counts from Madrid state that the
Constitutional party is divided. "Home
advocate abstaining from the approach
ing elections. It is also stated that a
majority of the Ministry disapproved
of the reply of the Minister of Foreign
Affairs to the Washington note, which
was regarded as too moderate. It is
understood that the reply, as finally
delivered to Washington, was drawn
up by Geu. Jovellar, President of the
Council and Miuister of War.
Wrecks ou the British Coast—lnsur
gent Victories Reported.
London, November 23.—A quantity of
wrecked stuff, including a life buoy
marked “Saladin,” drifted by Llanejly,
off the coast of Wales. It is believed
the brig Saladin, of Bull River, S. C.,
for Bristol, was lost with all hands.
A Conservative member has been
elected from Mid-Surrey.
Raousa, November 23.—News comes
from Slavonic sources announcing that
the insurgents have captured an im
portant fort, with the garrison, which
commanded Zubici, and aiso occupied
several strong positions in the vicinity
of Piva.
Proceedings of tlie French Assembly.
Paris, November 23.—A1l amend
ments to the Electoral bill agreed upon
in the Assembly ou the Bth and 9th
inst., were rejected. The Right Centre
have resolved to oppose all amend
ments offered by the Left and Left
Centre, with a view of modifying the
vote by which JScruUn (VAroniisment
was adopted as a method of voting.
The Press bill was discussed in com
mittee, Buffet and Dufaure being
piesent.
FROM NEW YORK.
Suit Against a Flax Spinning Compa
ny—lV inners iu the Billiard Tourna
ment.
New York, November 23.—A suit has
commenced against the New York Flax
Spinning Company for SIOO,OOO for
alleged undervaluations.
The Dion Brothers tied and played
off. Joseph won. The awards were
Joseph Dion §1,500 and a table, Cyrille
Dion §I,OOO. Sexton Gamier and Slos
ser divide the third and fourth prizes,
about §5,000.
Henry Clew s’ Bankruptcy—A Default
ing Cashier.
New York, Novembar 3.—At a hearing
of the application of Henry Clews & Cos/
for a final discharge from bankruptcy,
a letter from Benj. K. Cheever was read,
withdrawing his opposition. He says
the assets of the concern are small, aud
the success of his suit would be of lit
tle avail
Francis Condit, Cashier of the Eber
hart Lead Pencil Cos., is a defaulter for
‘20,000.
New Rule of the Produce Exchange.
At a meeting of the Produce Ex
change to consider the propriety of
the adoption fof a rule requtring the
payment to be made on transfer of
i itie on a ease not otherwise stipulated
for at the time or sale, the following
resolution was adopted •
Resolved, that the seller of property
has the right to demand payment for
that property on delivery of title to
buyers.
FROM HAN
The Great Race on Thanksgiving
Day—Rescue of the Survivors of a
Wreck.
San Francisco, November 22.—-The
race will occur on Thanksgiving Day,
if the weather is good and horses in
condition. Wild idle has the epizootic.
The steamer Mikado brings a
captain, wife, two children, and six
eatneu. who were picked up after
being eighteen days in a boat.
A long boat has been picked up con
taining nineteen officers and men,
belonging t to a lost ship unheard of
since her abandonment near Cape
Horn on August 15th. The name of
the vessel is omitted.
FROM LOUISVILLE.
Proceedipgs of the National Grauge
Louisville, Nov. 23.—1n the 'Nation
al Grange a committee was appointed
to arrange a special marriage ceremony
for Grangers. A resolution establish
ing an official organ at Louisville or
elsewhere was not favored. A com
mittee was appointed to memorialize
Congress to scientific bureau
on grasshoppers, caterpillars, &c. A
resolution condemning mortgaging
crops was referred.
Boston, November 23.—The credi
tors of Cutter, Tower & Cos. agree to
fake thirty cents. Liabilities, §175,000.
iQlje laps'll Constitutionalist.
Established 1799.
FROM WASHINGTON.
Appointment—The Vice-President’s
Funeral Preparations.
Washington, November 23.—John L.
Conley has been appointed Collector of
Internal Revenue for the Fourth Geor
gia District.
The funeral services of the Vice-
President will be in the Senate Cham
ber on Saturday, from whence the re
mains will go to Philadelphia, where
they will lay in state at the State
House on Sunday.
The weather is cold and wet. Few
persons are at the Capitol.
Light House News—Official Orders
Coucerniug the Vice-President’s
Death—A Political Fizzle.
The Light House Board asked one
hundred thousand dollars to continue
the cham of lights ou the Florida
Reefs.
The Secretary of the Navy directs
that the day after receiving the formal
order, which will be published, flags
will be placed at half-mast from sun
rise to sunset; that thirteen guns be
fired at sunrise and nineteen minute
guns at noon, and the national salute
at sunset. Officers of the Navy and
Marine Corps will wear the usual
badge of mourning three months.
Maj. Oliver D. Greene, Assistant Ad
jutant General, relieves Maj. Platt in
the Department of the Gulf.
An attempt to hold a meeting here
to reorganize the Republican party of
Virginia has beeu abandoned for the
present.
Programme for the Vice-President’s
Funeral -A Detailed Account of the
Funeral Services.
Washington, November 24. —The
Committee of Arrangements met at the
Capitol tills evening and agreed upon
the following order of procession for
the funeral of Hon. Henry Wilson,
Vice-President of the United States :
The Committe of Arrangements, pall
bearers and mourners will attend at the
Vice-President’s chambers in the Capi
tol on Friday, the 26th of November,
at 10 a. m., at which time the remains
of Hon. Henry Wilson, late Vice-Presi
dent of the United States, will bo re
moved from the rotunda in charge of
the Committee of Arrangements,attened
by the pall-bearers and mourners and
Sergeaut-at-Arms of the Senate to the
Senate Chamber, where, at 10:30 a. m.,
divine service will be performed. When
these ceremonies shall have been com
pleted the funeral procession, under
command of Brevet Major General W.
H. Emory, United States army, will
move iu the following order from the
Senate Chamber to the depot of the
Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Com
pany, where the remains will be placed
in charge of the committee appointed
by the Governor of Massachusetts to
receive them:
Military escort; Chaplain of the
Senute and an assistant clergyman;
the physician who attended deceased ;
the Committee of Arrangements—Sen
ator Thurman, Senator Morrill, of Ver
mont, Hon. J. A. Garfield, Hon. Sam
Randall, Hon. V. W. Warren, ex-Gov.
Dennison, Associate Justice Clifford
and Secretary Fish; the Massachusetts
Committee; the pall bearers, Senators
Edmunds. Sherman, Bayard and
Whyte; ex-Speaker Blaine; Represent
atives Mills, Wood and Kasson; the
hearse; relatives of the deceased; the
Sergeant-at-Ai ms of the Senate; mem
bers of the Senate, preceded by the
President of the Senate pro tern, and
the Secretary of -the Senate; the
Sergeaut-at-Arms of the House of
Representatives ; members of the
House of Representatives, prece
ded by the Clerk of the House;
the President of the United States ;
heads of Departments ; Judges of the
Supreme Court of the United States ;
Judges of the Supreme Court of the
District of Columbia; Judges of the
Court of Claims ; the Diplomatic Corps ;
the Commissioners of the District of
Columbia ; officers of the army and
navy, and of the Marine Corps ; organ
ized associations which may desire to
attend ; citizens and strangers.
The body will leave here at 1:87 p.
m., and, upon its arrival in Baltimore,
will have a military escort through
that city, leaving there at six o’clock
p. m.
Rev. Dr. Sunderland, Chaplain of the
Senate, will offer prayer at the funeral
ceremonies on Friday a. in., and Rev.
Dr. Rankin will pronounce the dis
course. The body will be placed in the
rotunda on Thursday a. m., where it
will lie in state on the catafalque used
for President Lincoln, Senator Sumner,
Chief Justice Chase and Hon. T. Ste
vens. Upon reaching Philadelphia ou
Friday night, the body will be taken
to Independence Hall, where it will lie
in state till ten or eleven a. m. on Sa
turday, and theu be removed to New
York. It is not the intention of the
committee to stop in the latter city.
They expect to leave there for Boston
on the nine o’clock train Saturday
night,, |
CRIMES AND CASUALTIES.
Conflagration—Marine Disasters—
Railway Accident.
Watertown, N. Y., November 23.
The railroad freight warehouse at Cape
Vincent was burned.
Detroit, November 23. —There are
reports of the wrecks of several schoo
ners on Lakes Huron and Superior.
Louisville, November 23. —William
Davidson was run over and killed just
after saving a man from serious injury
by stopping another train.
National Bank Rogues.
Patterson, N. J.—Matthew Christie
and Archibald MeCausland, book
keepers of the First National Bank of
this city, were arrested for embezzling
about two thousand dollars from that
institution. They made false entries
of credit in their own names when no
money was deposited. Christie's em
bezzlement Is believed to have exten
ted over two years.
<| w
FROM NEW ORLEANS.
Report of the Jetty Commissioners.
New Orleans, November 23.—The
Jetty Commissioners’ report advises
the ÜBG of more aud heavier stone In
the construction of jetties, and states
th*it much work has been done, but
uDadi more is necessary before any
good results are obtained. The Com
missioners regard the South Pass of
the Mississippi moro susceptible of im
provement than was the Soolina mouth
of the Danube, where a channel twenty
feet deep has been secured by jetties.
Nothing incenses the high-spirited
American more than for auj’body to
assume au air of superiority to him.
His pride won’t brook any patronage
or condescension. This feeling is com
mon to both sexes, and no one hates
to be looked down op so much as a
bald-headed woman.
AUGUSTA. GA„ WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1875
FROM SOUTH CAROLINA. |
The Legislature Convenes—Governor
Chamberlain Emulates Cicero in
Addressing the Gentlemen from
Congo.
Columbia, November 23. —The aunual
session of the Legislature opened at
Columbia to-day. The message of
Governor Chamberlain was read. It
is an elaborate paper, insisting strenu
ously on the perseverence in reforms
which have begun, and is hopeful in its
tone throughout. Iu conclusion the
Governor says: •
“The measures which I deem most
essential to the present welfare of the
State, are
“First, The prompt passage of a
Supply Act which shall impose the
lightest possible burdeu of taxation.
Second—The enactment of a law
which shall require all disbursements
of public funds, except the interest on
the public debt, to be made, upon war
rants of the Comptroller General, is
sued upon vouchers approved by that
officer and permanently recorded in his
office.
Third—The keeping of all appropria
tions within the limits of the funds
actually provided for by taxation.
Fourth—The immediate and large
reduction of the scale of all public ex
penditures.
Fifth—The equitable adjustment of
the floating indebtedness of the State
upon a plan embracing the rigid scruti
ny, by impartial agencies, of all claims,
and the gradual paymeut, by taxation,
of the valid claims.
Sixth—The inflexible observance of
exact good faith respecting the public
debt.
The work and spirit which I com
mended to you a year ago, I commend
with increased earnestness to you now,
the work of correcting abuses and re
storing a good administration in the
spirit of integrity and fidelity toward
those whose trusts we hold. Some
gratifying results have been reached
but the future has heavier tasks than
those already achieved.
I might urge these things upon my
political associates as essential to the
life and success of their political party,
for so they are, but I choose to urge
them upon the common unassailable
ground of the public welfare. He will
be a bliud poliiician who is not also a
patriot. The truly wise public man in
this State to-day will labor and pray
for the peace and honor of South Caro
lina, for the increase of official integri
ty, for the confirmation to every citi
zen of all civil and political rights, for
the establishment of a government
which shall protect all and oppress
none.
FROM ST. LOUIS.
Conviction of McDonald—The Rail
road Convention.
St. Louis, November 23.—McDonald
was convicted on all eight indictments.
The jury consulted three hours. The
Judge will not sentence until he has
heard the evidence iu all cases. Mean
while, McDonald is under custody of
the Marshal iu default of §50,000 bail.
The maximum sentence is three years,
the minimum six mouths on each in
dictment, The fine is at the discretion
of the Court.
Delegates to the Convention arc ar
riving on every train. State delegates
are organizing with Presidents and Sec
retaries. They will go into convention
well concentrated. There will be eight
hundred to a thousand delegates.
Proceedings of the Railroad Conven
tion.
St. Louis, November 23.—C01. Broad
head, Chairman of the Executive Com
mittee, called the Convention to order.
Dr. W. G. Elliot prayed, when Broad
head read the call and stated in detail
the objects of the Convention. The
delegates were from twenty-seven
States and thoroughly represented
various interests by their respective
oommittees. The Chairman read a
bill granting the charter of the Texas
Pacific road, gave some statistics of
working parts of the road already
finished, described the country through
which the proposed road will run and
drew a comparison with the northern
route quite favorable to the Texas
Pacific.
Generals Johnston and Beauregard
Shake Hands with Sherman over
the Champagne Chasm—Jeff. Davis
Declines to Enthuse.
St. Louis, November 23.—Mayor
Britton welcomed the Convention to St.
Louis. General Anderson, of Rich
mond, was elected temporary chairman
and L. L. Walbridge and D. H. Mac
adams, of St. Louis, secretaries. At
this point General Joseph E. Johnston,
in response to a general request, took
a seat on the platform and was greeted
cordially by General Sherman, who ad
vanced and shook hands with him very
heartily amidst the greatest applause
from all parts of the house. General
Beauregard was theu called up and
was received in the same warm and
friendly manner. Mr. Davis was also
invited forward but declined. The
Convention then adjourned for an
hour.
St. Louis, Nov. 23.—The Commit
tee ou Credentials reported delegates
present from twenty States and Ter
ritories. The report was adopted. The
Committee on Permanent Organization
reported the following officers : Presi
dent, Judge Stanley Matthews, of Cin
cinnati ; Vice-President, Gen. W. Pres
ton, of Kentucky ; Secretary, Col. John
M. Howell, of Arkansas; Official Re
porter L. L. Walbridge, of St. Louis;
Sergeant at Arms, Major G. E. D.
Couslins, of St. Louis. A supple
mental report was made naming
five gentlemen from each State as
Vice-Presidents, and one as Assistant
Secretary. Both reports were adopted.
Both Judge Matthews and Geu. Preß
ton, upon taking their respective seats,
made strong and eloquent speeches in
favor of the object of the convention,
and the construction proposed of the
Southern Trana-Continental Road,
which were received with hearty ap
plause, A committee of ten from each
State was appointed on busiuess apd
resolutions; and, on motion,' it was
agreed that all resolutions offered
should be referred to that committee
without debate. Resolutions were then
introduced from Calafornia, Tennessee,
Kansas and South Carolina delegations,
which were referred under the rule, and
the convention adjourned until to-mor
row.
The name of James J. Brooks was
used in so positive a manner last Satur
day night as one of the parties against
whom indictments were found that day
by the United States grand jgry, for
complicity fit whiskey frauds, that the
reporter here felt justified in putting it
in his dispatches, Jt proves, however,
to have been a mistake, A note from
District Attorney Dyer says the state
ment is false, and that not even a sus
picion, so far as he knows, attaches to
Mr. Brooks.
BIOGRAPHICAL sketch.
-
[Everett (Mas*.) Monthly.]
JOHN W. HOUGHTON,
Quite a number of enterprising busi
ness men, who have amassed a fortune
in other places, have, at some period of
their lives, been residents of this city,
and identified with its interests. One
of these was John W. Houghtoo, late
of Augusta, Ga., a native of Harvard,
Mass., and a brother of the venerable
Cyrus Houghton, of West Lynn.
He came to Lynn at the age of nine
teen, fresh from the paternal estate, to
seek his fortune, like Amos Lawrence,
when he trudged to Boston with a
bundle under his arm; or, as another
millionaire, Mr. Isaac Rich, did when
he left Cape Cod. A poor boy, but
hopeful and persevering, was Mr.
Houghton then, and on his arrival
here he went to live with his brother
in-law* Mr. Harris Chadweil, with
whom he served his time.
Afterward, while yet a young man,
he commenced business with Mr. Jos.
C. Jayne, under the name of Jayno &
Houghton. Few now* living probably
remember that old firm near the corner
-of Liberty and Market streets, for it
was many years ago—in 1813, or dur
ing the second war with Great Britain.
The business was not successful; and
Mr. Houghton, somewhat disheartened
but pot discouraged, left Lynn. At
first he went to Newark, N. J., where
he again attempted to manufacture
shoes;-but, the business not proving
remunerative, he took, what goods he
had left, about six hundred dollars’
worth, and journeyed south uu il he
reached Savannah.
On his arrival he had but twenty-five
cents in cash left with which to com
mence life In anew country among
utter strangers. But still hopeful, he
took his effects and went up the river
fo Augusta, one hundred and twenty
five miles distant. Here he opened a
store, and, after many difficulties and
reverses, which would have discouraged
most men, he was entirely successful.
The business that Mr. Houghton en
gaged in at Augusta was the shoe
trade, but he gradually added other
things, until his establishment became
a regular out-fitting store, where plant
ers from the country could obtain
whatever supplies they desired. He
kept on hand a large stock of goods,
fashionable and unfashionable, for
master and slave. His store was on
Broad street, the principal thorough
fare of the city, in a crowded business
quarter near the Market House. When
1 resided in Augusta, iu 1872, long
years after the death of Mr. Houghton,
the rooms he occupied were pointed
out to ine by an old negro who dis
tinctly remembered him. He said that
Mr. Houghton kept everything, and if
a man wanted a bell-top hat or a pair
of peaked-toed shoes; he could obtain
them there. For a long time he had a
profitable trade, dealing largely with the
people of Augusta and with well-to
do planters from South Carolina, and
even as far as North Carolina. His
goods were manufactured iu the North,
and he dealt quite extensively with
merchants throughout New England.
In later years he had so far withdrawn
from active business as to be able to
spend some time on his plantation,
about twelve miles out of the city, thus
gratifying the taste of his youth for
out-door life. He erected a plain man
sion for himself, which is still called by
southern people the “Yankee house,”
Md out the grounds in northern style,
and built a school-house on the pre
mises. That plantation contained about
twenty-four hundred acres, and was
carried on by negroes, about fifty of
whom found a home there. His repu
totion was that of a kind master and
an honest man. His way of life was
simple from beginning to end, and en
tirely unostentatious. His rooms were
always open to people from the North,
and he was in constant communication
with his friends in Mew England, by
letters and the tie of business. By bis
will he gave freedom to his slaves, and
provided means for their transportation
and settlement in Liberia. They all
went but one man.
Mr. Houghton may well be consid
ered a public benefactor. After making
several bequests to friends in Georgia
and his relations In Now England, he
gave four thousand dollars for the
erection of a school house, to be held
by the Council of Augusta, for all the
poor children of the city, aud to be
open ou the Sabbath to all denomina
tions of Christians for divine worship.
The building, a substantial brick edi
fice, bears the name of “Houghton In
stitute,” and just west of it are two
dwelling houses belonging to tiie es
tate. The grounds are on the corner
of Green and Lincoln streets, and the
invested funds yield ?>bout two thou
sand dollars per annusi. Previous to
1868 four teachers s ifficed for this
school, but iu 1868 aud ’69 three addi
tional ones were needed. During those
two years 571 pupils we re in attendance.
At that time it was under the care of
Martin V. Calvin, a Southern man, and
an accomplished educator. He was
succeeded by Rev. Dr. Hard, as Princi
pal, with several assistants. At last
accounts about four hundred and thir
ty scholars were enrolled on the cata
logue, and thelostitution was In a pros
perous condition. This was Mr. Hough
ton’s attempt to lntibauce the free
school system of the North into his
adopted city, and, although he did not
live to see its operation, it has proved
a success.
In June, 1846, Mr. Houghton visited
Lynn for the last time. He was about
sixty, and had lived in the South near
ly thirty years. Pleasant, indeed, was
it, that summer, for his friends to talk
with him, and to find him so little
changed.
He was a large, strong man, with a
well-developed head, and very active,
but quiet and unobtrusive in his man
ners ; indeed, he was so much so that
his real worth was not known until
after his death. His name is now held
in the highest respect by the people of
Augusta, aud well It may be, for the
school that he founded can but prove
a blessing to the city. Besides iu ad
dition to what he gave to the cause of
education, he left a siqa of money to
build a church In Richmond county,
called Houghton JDhapcl, which, when
I lived in the South, was iu successful
operation, being nightly filled with col
ored worshipper*.
Mr. Houghton died at his rooms, in
Augusta, February 27,1351. His broth
er, Cyrus was the only one of his rela
tions who was with him at the time.
According to his wishes he was buried
on his plantation, near the house where
he spent so many happy hours during
the last years of his life. Hia grave
is within a small enclosure, which is
sacredly set apart for the purpose, and
is a noticeable feature of the landscape
a* one rides along the road or stops*to
survey the premises.
---
A slow match: A couple In Tennessee
have been engaged lor twenty-five
years,
THE CORN CROP.
EXTENT AND LOCATION* OF THE
CORN GROWING REGION.
Value of the Crop for 1875—Tke Cereal
as an Element of Wealth and Pros
perity to the Nation.
INew York Herald ]
It must be now conceded that the
corn crop of the present year is the
largest evt>r grown. The opening of
the season was uncommonly favorable
for plowing aud plantiug, and the area
planted was much larger than usual;
first, because the crop of 1874 was
short, and it was absolutely necessary
to supply the deficiency that the stock
of cattle, sheep and hogs of the coun
try might be made profitable, and fur
ther, that the large breadth of ground
sown In white wheat the previous fall,
and which, largely, winterkilled, might
be utilized. When the corn crop of the
country is spoken of iu a commercial
sense, the whole of the United States
is not considered as producing it, but
only that part which yields a surplus,
and which enters, notably, into the
markets of the world.
THE CORN AREA,
then, only embraces about three-quar
ters of Illinois, half of Missouri and
lowa, and the eastern portions of Kan
sas and Nebraska. Although Ohio and
Indiana grow a great deal of corn, as
well as a limited, but exceedingly
choice, portion of Kentucky, it is doubt
ful whether these sections produce a
surplus, or, at least, any other surplus
that is required in neighboring States,
and particularly in the cotton planting
States. The corn area meutioued is
about one hundred and fifty miles
wide, from north to south, aud six hun
dred miles long, from east to west,
through the centre of which runs the
fortieth parallel. Much corn is grown
north and south of this belt, but the
yield is less and it gradually decreases
each way, till it ceases to be grown in
high, frosty latitudes and beneath the
fiery sun# of the tropics. West of the
State of Missouri the boundary lines
of this belt are deflected southward,
corresponding to the gradual increase
oLthe elevation marked by the descent
ofrhe rivers that rise in the Rocky
mountains. The number of corn coun
ties within the States above named is
not fnj from one hundred and twenty
five—that is, which are now in general
cultivation—but there are many as
twenty-five more to be added hereafter,
and thus we have one hundred and
fifty counties, equal in extent to Indi
ana and Illinois, unequaled anywhere
else in the world for producing this
grain. Indeed, it is not likely that
there is any region in Europe, Africa
or Asia twice as large which has a like
capacity.
THE TOTAL CORN CROP
of the State of Illinois is estimated for
the present year at the enormous
amount of three hundred million bush
els. The rest of the region named will
probably produce two-thirds as much,
making a total of five hundred million
bushels. Now, since as much as the
two-thirds named will be required for
feeding purposes and home use, the
amount Illinois has raised must be
considered as the surplus crop of the
whole country, and as the price in
Chicago ranges steadily at about fifty
cents a bushel, the sum of one hundred
aud fifty million dollars must be con
sidered as added this year to our na
lional wealth, and also as a sound cap
ital, on which mercantile, manufactu
ring and other business can be done.
But this estimate, when differently
considered, is too low. The two hun
dred million bushels of corn not in
cluded in the surplus is to assume
other forms aud finally to become an
other surplus. Illinois has long taken
tho lead in furnishing fat cattle, largely
in the way of feeding those raised in
other States. Now, Kansas, Missouri,
lowa and Nebraska are engaged in
this busiuess, and many counties are
this fall teeding each from five thous
and to eight thousand head. In the
future that whole corn region is to be
come a vast feeding ground, where the
cat tle grown ou tho immense ranges of
the plains will be stall-fed for near by
and distant city markets.
Further, the commercial columns of
the Herald from time to time give an
exhibit of the gross amount of pork,
bacon and lard received at the various
trade centres, all of which are derived
from corn. Three-quarters of the
wool produced in the United States is
made from corn, aud almost all the
mutton. A large part of the dairy
stock is sustained at least six months
of the year on corn in some shape,
and the poultry aud eggs, worth
millions of dollars, are derived almost
wholly from corn. In the West and in
the South, and to a considerable extent
in the East, horses and mules are fed
on com; indeed, much the larger part
of the work-teams of the United States
were raised ou corn, and by it they are
sustained. It is entirely safe, there
fore, to estimate
THE VALUE OF THE SUPPLIES
of the corn crop of 1875, and whloh
appears iu various forms of created
wealth, at not less than §500,000,000
Properly, this represents a raw mate
rial, the value of which is to be largely
increased by human labor, by trans
portation, including commercial ex
change, by manufacturing and manip
ulation, aud also by forming a basis
for a great variety of industrial pur
suits and enterprises, so that this corn
crop contains within itself an accumu
lative force.
To those who study the wealth of
nations, who compare different coun
tries, these facts may be sug
gestive. England possesses vast
wealth, but a corn crop forms qo ele
ment of it, and tlie civilization, cul
ture and power of other European na
tions have no basis in the golden
cereal, nor has any other country on
which the suu shiues. It is grown, it
is true, but in most limited quantities.
The Arab turns away from the bread
with disdain, and the hard-working
peasant of Ireland, of Germany and
France eat it rather than starve. A
Roman legion never passed a field of
corn, nor djd the triumphant armies of
Alexander. Powerful as were many of
the ancient nations, learned and rich
as ape the-modern ones, neither one
nor the other of them possessed, nor
yet possesses, a resource centering
within itself so many elements of com
fort for the poor and of wealth for the
middle class and riches for the enter
prising, as our crop of ludian corn,
A boy who complains that his back
is too weak to bring a bucket of coal
out of the cellar for his qaptHpf, mqy be
found two hours after nearly bent
doqble, and his eye-balls hanging out,
tuggiug at oue end of a circqs chest
Weighing three hundred pounds. He
will willingly and cheerfully perform
two dollars’ worth of work for a twenty
five oenta circus tioket.
GREAT GERMAN SPECULATOR
The Rise, Progress aud Fall of Dr.
Strousberg.
IN. Y. World. 1
The arrest of Dr. Strousberg at St.
Petersburg for a fraudulent failure in
volved no more than half a million of
dollars, brings to a scandalous close a
romance of speculative life unparalleled
even in our days of speculative splen
dor. Baruch Hirsch Strousberg was
born a poor Polish Jew at Neidenburg
in East Prussia in 1823. He was sent
to England when a boy of twelve, to
his uncles, who were commission mer
chants in London. In England he ab
jured his ancestral faith, joined
the Church of Eugland and made
some essays in journalism. In
1848 he tried his fortunes in this coun
try, but finding nothing better to do
than to teach German, he caught at
the chance of making a little tnouey by
buying a cargo of damaged goods, re
alized his profits and returned to Eu
rope ten years after he had lauded
here. In Loudon he passed several
years in experimental journalism once
more, and finally went to Berlin as the
agent of an English insurance com
pany. At Berlin, iu 1864, he made the
acquaintance of some English capital
ists, aud got from them a contract for
building a railway from Tilsit to Inster
burg. This opeued to him at last the
way to fortune, and he made enormous
strides from that moment.
When the Prusso-Freneh war broke
out Dr. etrousberg was the Sir Morton
Peto and the Brassey of Eastern Eu
rope. He had no fewer than six rail
ways under construction at once, and
all Christendom had learned to know
his name in connection* with certain
transactions in Ron mania, iu which his
skill and his unscrupulousness enabled
him to enlist the Prussian Government
itself as his protector. He was em
ploying more than a hundred thousand
workmen. In Hanover he had estab
lished a gigantic machine factory. At
Orstmund and at Neustada he had smelt
ing works and iron founderies. At Ber
lin and at Antwerp he had made him
self a sort of private Haussmann, buy
ing old quarters of these cities, demol
ishing and reconstructing them in the
stateliest modern style. He owned ten j
estates in Prussia. Iu Poland the child
of the despised Jews of Neidenberg be- ;
came the feudal lord of a whole county.
Iu Bbhemia he purchased for four mil- j
lions of dollars the royal domain of
Zbriou, where he established a great
railway carriage factory, employing
two thousand workmen.
All this time he spent the wealth which
rolled in upon him in the most sump
tuous living. He built himself a palace
at Berlin, iu the Wilhelmstrasse, which
far surpassed the royal Schloss of the
Hohenzollerns themselves in splendor
and in luxury. Ho made a collection of
pictures embracing fine works of Mels- j
sonnier, Gerome, Decamps and others,
the princes of French and of German art.
His entertainments were fabulous. Not
less fabulous was his charity. Each
winter he gave away ten thousand dol- j
lars of worth to the poor of Berlin, '
with daily rations of soup to ten thou
sand people. When East Russia was
smitten by famine, he sent thither j
trains laden with provisions for his suf
fering countrymen. He became a power |
with the press, which in Germany is
largely controlled by his race. He was
sent to the Prussian Chambers. Dur- j
ing the mad era of speculation which .
in Germany followed the victorious war ;
with France, Strousburg became the J
most colossal performer in the flnan- |
cial orgie of the Noux. He carried his ;
enterprises into Russia. He founded j
the Moscow Bank.
In the height of prosperity, however,
he began to find the ground everywhere
giving way under him. Like his most
famous modern congener, the magnifi
cent, Spanish Marquis of Salamanea,
he had stretched out his lines too far
over the surface of the world. The
Romanian railways came first to grief
—and the rest followed in due course.
With gathering misfortunes came des
perate expedients. He plundered the
Moscow Bank of more than §2,000,000,
and now at last the rough had of Rus
sian justice, which has no mercy on
( rogues who play a losing game, has
been laid upon him.
The Vienna Freie Presse, which gives
us these details of his strange career,
compares his collapse with that of
John Law. In the contrast between
the splendor of its noon and the dark
ness of its eclipse, the comparison may
perhaps hold. But as between the
two men, it is absurd. Dr. Strousberg
is simply the most stupendous among
many similar creatures of his own era;
the most dazzling type in his hour of
triumph, and the most instructive type
perhaps, therefore, iu his downfall, of
a class of men generated by the oppor
tunities of our own age of associated
capital and Imperfect responsibility.
With this class Wall street and New
York are unhappily but too familiar;
but Strousberg differs from his Ameri
can fellow-speculators only in the
grander audaoity and the more superb
achievements of his brief career.
MARINE INTELLIGENCE.
Accident to the Steamer Amerlque—
The Victims of the Pacific Disaster.
Queenstown, November 23. —The
steamer Amerlque, from New York
November I3th, is reported by the
China on the 21st, in latitude 49, longi
tude 20, with her shaft broken. The
China took the mails and passengers of
the Amerlque, which was proceeding
under sail. All well.
New York, November 23.— Agents of
the steamer Amerique have a dispatch
that the China landed thirteen of the
Amerique’s passengers at Queenstown.
Victoria, Vancouver’s Island, No
vember 23. —The bodies of two of the
victims of the Pacific were brought
here by Indians. One was identified
as Thos. K. Farrell, of San Francisco;
the other was not recognized. The in
quest is progressing, and develops a
conduct on the part of the captain and
crew of the Orpheus which causes
indignation.
FROM TEXAS.
Quiet Restored.
Brownsville, November 23.—A1l
quiet on the Texan border. Capt. Mc-
Nally, commanding the State troops,
had intrenched himself on the Mexican
side of the Rio Grande, recrossed hav
ing obtained a promise from the Mexi
can authorities to deliver stolon eat tie
and thieves if caught. Subsequently
seventy-five head were delivered at
Ringgold Barracks.
Some Chicago clerks went
fishing recently, and forgot to take a
rook along to anchor tho boat with.
The sport would have been spoiled
completely but for the happy thoi%ht
of one of them who took off his seal
ring for the purpose.
New Series —Vol. 28, No. 94
COMMERCIAL MORALITY.
Failures in Modern Fashion—Flies
in the Ointment Pot—The Wrath to
Come.
[New York Shipping List.]
The number and character of the
business failures during the past year,
1 to which reference has already been
i made in these columns, continue to ex
cite lively journalistic comment; and
the fact that our bankrupt law needs
radical aitfendment, to the end that
creditors may be better protected from
the frauds of dishonest debtors, is
quite universally recognized. The
bankrupt law was altered some two
years ago so as to provide for a dis
charge from bankruptcy on the pay
ment of thirty per cent, of the bank
rupt’s liabilities, and also to make any
composition, which a majority of the
creditors might accept, obligatory upon
them all. These provisions were
framed for the purpose of preventing
! factious prosecution of a bona fide bank
ruptcy unreasonable creditors, and that
i object was commendable enough. But
the practical operation of these provis
ions has been rather to place a premium
upon dishonest bankruptcy, and to pre
| vent the full collection of just debts,
| than to afford protection to the honest
but unfortunate class of business men
! who are overtaken by adversity. A
j moment’s consideration will suffice to
show what an inducement to dishonest
, bankruptcy there is in the present sit
uation of things, when a merchant can
stop payment, call his creditors togeth
er, force a composition of twenty or
thirty per cent., and come out of the
operation with the difference between
what he could have paid and what he
did actually pay, in his pockets. It is
pretty generally understood that in
stances have occurred under the pres
ent provisions of the law by which a
certain class of business men have
cleared large sums of money by going
through bankruptcy, aud have come
out wealthy and unembarrassed
through the dishonest operation.
The standard of commercial morality
has also been lowered by a class *of
merchants who have been in the habit
of going outside of their legitimate
sphere of action to “take a flyer” in
stocks, or indulge in some other kind
of hazardous speculation. The Boston
Traveler pungently remarks that “out
side operations have been the curse of
our entire business community, and
seven-eighths of the failures during
the year are attributed to this fact.
Depreciations in fancy, mining and
railroad shares should be charged to
the proper account, and the losers
thereby not shield themselves behind
the thin pretence of stagnation in busi
ness. And many of the failures of 1875
can be traced to reckless endorsements
or the issuing of accommodation paper.
A protested note to a large amount
came back to one of our banks the
other day. The promisor was regarded
as shaky and the endorser as good, but
the endorser did not come forward, and
the officers of the bank requested a
mutual friend to call upon the endor
ser and ascertain what could be done in
the premises. The curt reply was, * Oh,
that was an accomodation endorsement.’
The mutual friend then remarked, ‘You
have been in the habit of doing this ?’
‘Oh, yes” was the cool rejoinder.’
There is reason to believe that a simi
lar practice has been by no means un
frequent in tnis latitude, and, as it is on a
par with fraudulent bankruptcies, all
honorable business men ought to unite
in an effort to put a stop to it. Public
sentiment must take these matters in
hand or the foundations of public
credit will become so thoroughly under
minded that the work of restoration
will be difficult, if not impossible,
There can be little doubt that busi
ness morale has been seriously impaired
during the last doaen years, or since
about the period of the breaking out
of our late civil war, which was pri
marily responsible for most of the
evils from which the business of the
country is now suffering. The im
mense' amount of paper money with
whioh it flooded the country led to a
degree of extravagance among nearly
all classes unparalleled in any country
or in any age ; aud in order to sustain
this extravagance the time-honored
methods of doing business, which
brought slow gains from long years of
honest toil, were largely ignored in the
insane desire which possessed many
to acquire sudden wealth, even through
decidedly questionable practices. Mak
ing haate to get rich has, without
doubt, been the ruin of thousands, and
if the stern lessons of the reoeat past,
though dearly learned, lead to a radi
cal reform, the future can well afford
to pay what the experience has cost.
There is nothing really more amazing
than the utter credulity, not to say
subserviency, shown toward a success
ful business operator by a large pro
portion of the business community.
The fact, no doqht, explains many of
the failures, defalcations and “irregu
larities” which are orowdlng these
times. Here, too, is the want of the
old-fashioned virtues, for vigilance,
circumspection, just responsibility and
faithful treatment are quite as essen
tial as honesty and good intentions, if
we would ever hope to see the restora
tion of mercantile integrity aud repute.
Will these current experiences leave
their just impression upon the public
mind? If not, we have only to go
through with more to get at the same
result.
Atlanta Constitution: Mr. G. A. Mil
ler, the veteran journalist of Columbus,
olirabed our long flights of stairs this
morning. We were glad to see him
looking so well. He had just come
from Crawfordville, and from Mr. Ste
phens, whom he has been assisting dur
ing the past eight months in his work
on a now cyclopaedia. Mr. Miller is not
sanguine about Mr. Stephen’s speedy
recoveiy from bis latest attack. He
certainly will not be able to go to
Washington before January, and it is
feared that even then he will not bo
strong enough to undertake the jour
ney. Mr. Stephens is becoming ad
vanced in years, and this no doubt ope
rates to make his recovery less speedy.
While all who understand his case be
lieve that he may be spared to Georgia
several years to come, yet none are
very confident that he wfll be strong
enough to take hi? seat in Congress
this winter, and stand its discomforts
and excitements. ,
Minor Telegrams.
Washington, November 23. —Wilson’s
funeral is now flxed for Friday.
Albany, November 23.—There is con
siderable floating ioe in the river and
canal,
Boston, November 23.—John Wells,
Associate Justice of the Massachusetts
Supreme Court, is dead,
Montgomery, November 23.—The
State and [federal Courts of this city
adjourned to-day, in token of respect
for the memory of the late "Vice Presi
dent Wilson,
To Advertisers and Subscribers.
On A£D afteb this date (April 21. 1875.) all
editions of the Constitutionalist will be sent
free of postage.
Advertisements must be paid for when han
ded in, unless otherwise stipulated.
Announcing or suggesting Candidates foi
office. 20 cents per line each insertion.
Money may be remitted atour risk by Express
or Postal Order.
Cobbespondencb invited from all sources,
and valuable special news paid for if used.
Rejected Communications will not be re
turned. and no notice taken of anonymous
letters, or articles written on both sides.
LATE VIEW OF THE SCANDAL.
From au Interview with Victoria C.
Woodhull.
[Cincinnati Enquirer.]
Mrs. Woodhull—Theodore and I can
never be what we were once to each
other. The contemptible things he did
in the trial would put to au end the
former intimacy that existed between
us. Still, we meet occasionally, and
treat each other politely. I saw him in
New York, just before we started West.
“You have the distinction of being
the first one to bring the scandal to
light ?”
Simply because I was the only one
who dared to tell the truth about
things that were as well known then as
they are now among hundreds of peo
ple in Brooklyn and New York. I tell
you that the truth isn’t all out yet,
either. I have letters that have never
been seen by other eyes thau my own,
which would bring about another revo
lution.
“ Aud yet, you didn’t get a chance to
tell in court what you knew?”
The trouble was, I knew too much
for either paity. Why, didn’t I sit for
four days iu the room adjoining Judge
Neilson’s coiyt room expecting to be
called to the witness stand every hour?
Didn’t Sam Morris come to my house
one night and sit for three hours try
ing to get me to give my testimony so
it wouldn’t inculpato Tilton? Didn’t
Beecher try to get me to forget the
particulars of au interview with him
which lasted from nine o’clock iu the
evening until three o’clock in the mor
ning? And didn’t I tell them all that
if I went to the stand I would forget
nothing, tut toil the absolute truth
about it, through and through ?
“And so both parties were afraid to
have the truth known?”
*‘Yes. The faot is, each party had
the other ‘foul’—that is, each one knew
enough about the other that wouldn’t
do to bring out to keep them from
pressing the trial; so they pretended to
fight, but both were careful to hurt
their opponents as little as they possi
bly could.”
“Do you ever see Beecher?”
“Oh, yes; sometimes.”
“I suppose he doesn’t care to recog
nize you now?”
Ou the other hand, whenever I meet
Mr. Beecher he treats me with great
politeness. We agree in our teachings
in many things. He is an advanced
thinker. He believes in Fourrier, and
Kant, and all the advanced thinkers.
So do I. The only trouble with Mr.
Beecher is that he is a moral coward.
He told mo he was a coward—told me
as we stood at the door of Frank
Moulton’s house that night when I
asked him to preside at my Steinway
Hall meeting—told me, with his hands
over his face and the tears streaming
out of Iho eyes, that he was too great a
coward to do what he knew was right.
He told me, too, that every Sunday,
when he stood in his pulpit, he preach
ed to five hundred women, each one
of whom believed that be was madly,
fiercely, in love witli her. But still he
didn’t dare to face public opinion, and
preside over my meeting.
“Do you meet Moulton?"
Frequently. .
“How does he treat you?”
Very oordially. We are as good
friends as we ever were.
Cement in Cemeteries.
[N. Y. Times.]
Now that Guibord is Anally buried,
it is suddenly found out that no one
takes any further interest in his bones.
Those who were ipost determined that
he should be safely buried assert that
in all probablity his grave will be ,
robbed at an early day, but they evi
dently care very little whether it is
robbed or not. On the other hand, the
most enthusiastic of the Roman
Catholics show no signs of any
intention to trouble themselves any
further about the matter. The
grave is to be thoroughly cursed;
and inasmuch as Guibord’s heretical
bones are firmly imbedded in cement,
they cannot permeate the rest of the
cemetery with the pernicious doctrines
that infected them during life. Be
sides, it would be a very difficult task .
to open a grave that is packed full of
cement, and the French Canadian has
no fondnsss for undertaking unneces
sary work.
It would be odd if the desire to
thwart the purposes of a religious
mob should have resulted in solv
ing the problem how to bury
the dead with safety to the living.
Guibord’s coffin was surrounded with
oement merely as a precaution against
any attempt at disturbing it; but it has
already occurred to many minds that
if coffins were to be uniformly imbed
ded in oement there would be no op
portunity for the escape of peruioious
gases, and no possibility of the
contamination of springs of water
in the neighborhood of grave-yards.
The evils connected with the or
dinary methods of burial are con
stantly on ,the increase, and sani
tary science fa challenged to find some
method of opposing them. The ex
pedient of burning the dead has evils
of its own, in addition to the fact that
popular prejudice is against it, and
that in many localities it would be
simply impracticable. There can, how
ever, be no objection, on the score of
sentiment, to filling graves with ce
ment, which will Harden and inclose
the coffin so closely that the process
of decay will be to a great extent ar
rested, while at the same time all pos
sibility of injury to the health of the
community will be avoided.
The subject certainly deserves the
attention of the sanitary authorities of
our cities and large towns. If, by so
cheap an inoffensive an expedient as
the use of oement, graveyards can bo
made no longer a source of danger to
the public, the example set at thu
burial of Guibord should be adopted.
There may be objections to it which
are not obvious to ordinary people.
Still it certainly seems as li the use of
cement In cemeteries would fully meet
the necessity of changing the present
system of burial—a necessity which,
year by year, is beooming more obvi
ous arifl imperative,
A Collection ox Facts.— Fishes have
no eyelids, and necessarily sleep with
their eyes open. They swallow their
food whole, having no dental machinery
furnished them. Frogs, toads and ser
pents never take food but that which
they are satisfied is alive. When a bee,
wasp or hornet stings, it is nearly
always at the expense of its life. Ser
pents are so tenaoious of life that they
will live for six months or longer with
out faod. Seals can be trained to per
form many tricks. It Is believed that
crocodiles live to be hundreds of years
old. The Egyptians embalm them. In
South America there is a prolific honey
hee which has not been furnished with
a sting. The head of the rattlesnake
has been known to inflict a fatal woun(J
after being severed from the b<?dy v