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sary means. Colleges and Seminaries lor theed- j
neat ion of our daughters are lobe found in almost I
every neighborhood, founded upon private muni
ficence and conducted with marked energy and
ability. I would not niftiecessanly mar this pic
ture so grateful to our feelings and so gratifying
to our State pride; but a sense of duty demands
that our attention should be turned to another
branch of the subject, which presents for our con
sideration far different results. Whilst the minds
of those, who have been blessed v Ufa the necessa
ry means—are being stored with all the rich
treasures of knowledge, placed in their reach by
these flourishing institutions—there is to he found
another class, less favored of Heaven, who are
growing up in utter ignorance. The propriety of
providing lor ihe education of the poor is recog
nized by every one; but I am not sure that its
importauce is fully appteciated. Ido not speak of
that complete and finished education which can
be acquired only in our higher Seminaries and
Colleges, but 1 refer to it in its more limited sense.
The man who can rod and write is a well edu
cated man, in comparison with one, to whom the
Alphabet is an unmeaning mystery; and the gult
that seperates these two classes is far wider and
deeper tl an the one whiefi lies between the hum
blest scholar and the most learned Pofe* sor. Give
to every son and daughter of the State an oppor
tunity of learning so read and write, and we be
come that day an educated people tor all the prac
tical purposes of Government. The honesty, pu
rity and intelligence of the people constitute the
firm foundations of a republican Government. I o
the extent of our ability it is our duty to foster and
nurture these elements of security and strength.
Georgia has in some degree realized this truth
and exhibited a disposition to act upon it. Her
ablest sons have been summoned to the task oi
devising systems for the education of the pi or ;
and our legislative tables groan under the accu
mulated reports of committees appointed to inves
tigate and report upon l lie subject. All that
could be done in this way has been done, and y* t
the sons and daughters of poverty are unprovided
with the opportunity of learning to read and write.
Can nothing more be effected ? Is this field ot la
bor, so inviting to the patriot and philanthropist,
to be abandoned and forsaken ? To answer these
inquiries, we must ascertain, first, what lias occa
sioned the failure heretofore ? and secondly, are
we able and willing to overcome the difficulty in
the future? The first point is very clearly pre
sented in the statement of this simple fact—the
number of children relumed under our poor school
law, is (38,000) thirty eight thousand, and the
money appropriated tot their education is ($23,-
000) twenty-three thousand dollars. In other
words, for the education of each child, the Legis
lature appropriates tl e sum of sixty cents. 1 can
use no argument or language that will present in
more forcible terms the main defect in our past
system, than is to be found in this statement. We
have failed to educate the destitute children of the
State, becaus we have failed to appropriate a
sufficient sum of money to effect the object. It is
more than useless to discuss plans and systems
until the necessary means are furnished to make
any plan successful. This view of the subject
brings me to the second inquiry. Can this diffi
culty be met and overcome ? In other words, will
the Legislature appropriate the necessary amount
of money. Ai present lam not prepared to re
commend any large increa>eof the appropriation.
My object is more particularly to call your atten
tion to a period in the future, when the required
sum can be devoted to this object without the im
position of any additional tax upon the people. If
lam right in the views which I have already
presented of the finencial condition of-4110 State,
present and prospective, in the course of a few
years the public debt will be paid off, and there
will be no necessity for incurring another. When
that time shall have arrived, our present tax law
may be reduced one half, and still furnish ample
means for an economical administration of the
Government —giving no just cause ol complaint
on the ground of taxation. The Ftale railroad
under the system 1 have recommended will bring
into the Treasury a certain and regular revenue
of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. To that
sum I look to supply the present defect in our
educational system for the poor. To that
patriotic object, as well as to the necessities of
the institutions established by the State for the
State for the Deaf and Dumb, the Blind, and the
unfortunate Lunatic, it should be sacredly devot
ed ; and until the wants of each and all should be
withdrawn for any other purpose. I have invited
your attention to the subject at this time that the
public mind may be directed to its consideration
in advance of the period when the policy may
with propriety be adopted.
PUBLIC PRINTING.
I call your attention, to the law on the subject
of the public printing. It is defective in many re
spects, and requires Legislative action. The
great delay that occurred in the printing of the
Laws and Journals of the last General Assembly,
should not be permitted to occur again. Um.er
the law as it now stands there will always be
more or less danger of its recurring. In the esti
mation of many persons the Executive is held
partly responsible for such delay, and yet he is
powerless to prevent it. Provision should be made
bv law that the public printing should be done at
the seat of Government — un fer the eye and super
vision of the Executive, ar.d he should be clothed
with power to transfer it from the hands of the
public printer whenever he fails to complete it in n
given period to he fixed by law. Whenever there
is unnecessary delay, the Executive should be au
thorized and required to make such deductions as
the exigency in his judgment justifies; and simi
lar power should be lodged with him in case the
printing is not executed in manner and stvle re
quired by law. It should be made the duty of
the Secretary of Slate, to compare ihe printed
laws before their final publication, with the en
rolled acts in his office, and proper compensation
should be allowed him for the discharge of this
duty. The style and execution of the printed acts
should be improved. The act of 1834 required
them to conform to the laws of the United States,
as at that time published. Since then great im
provement has been marie in the printing ot the
United States, and we should in this respect keep
up with the progress of the age.
ANNUAL SESSIONS.
The experiment of bi-ennial sessions of the
General Assembly, has been sufficiently tested by
experience and I believe that the public judgment
of the State is prepared to pronounce against it.
I was among the number of its advocates, and so
voted when the question was submitted to the peo
ple for their decision. lam now satisfied, that in
common with a large majority of my ftllow citi
zens, I was wrong, and prepared to recommend a
return to annual sessioas. Even if the policy of
bi-ennial sessions was right at tlip time of its
adoption, tbe increased interest and important
public works of the State have wrought such a
change in our affairs that a different system is now
required for our progress’ and and progressing con
dition. A single consideratu n should satisfy ev
ery man of the propriety of annual seessions. At
present, all power ts placed in the hands of the
Executive for two years, and his term expiresnnd
the people are called upon to pass judgment upon
his official carper before his actings and doings
can he submitted to the test of Legislative investi
gation. He cannot be called upon for an exposi
tion of his official doings until the General Assem
bly meets, and that does not take place until his
term of office has expired, and lie lias either been
re-elected or defeated, or has voluntarily with
drawn from the public service. This is xvrono in
theory, and might work much injury in practice.
It was an economical view of the subject which
induced the people to resort to bi-ennial sessions,
but it may well be questioned whether the result
has justified th'.s expectation. The fact tiiat the
General Assembly meets only once in two years,
renders it necessary to extend the length of the
session. The accumulated business ol the two
years must he disposed of, and additional time i
required to do it. In order that tite people may
have an opportunity of passing their judgment tip
on this subject, 1 recommend that an act altering
the constitution be passed the General Assembly
at its present session, and the question submitted
to the people at the next general election. If ap
proved hy them, your successors can perfect the
alteration, and it condemned, the act can then he
rejected. An opportunity will thus he offered of
having the question decided by the direct action I
of those most deeply interested in the matter. ‘
ATTORNEY GENERAL.
My experience in office has brought vividly be
fore me the fact that innumerable occasions occur,
where the Executive, on account of the varied and
increasing interests of ‘lie State, requires the ma
ture and deliberate counsel of persons skilled in
the law. ine hurried and offhand opinions of
the best lawyers, are worth but little under such
circumstances; and the sepatate solemn advice
ol feed counsel on every suclt question, would he
a heavy draw upon the contingent fund My own
conviction is, that an officer known as the Attor
ney General ot tite State of Georuia with such a I
State, woultLmeei the necessity of the case. To
the general dut\ of advising the best counsel in
the several Exm-utiie Departments of the Gov
ernment, might lie added with propriety, the rep
resenting and advocating the interest of the State
in all questions arising before our Supreme Court.
The duties of such an officer, it is unnecessary
for me to specify. The necessity and propriety
of such an office will be felt by every one occupy
ing the Executive chair.
THE SUFRBMF. COURT AND STATE LIBRARY.
At the time the Supreme Court was established
the idea prevailed that the convenience oi parties
litigaul required that the court should hold its ses
sions at points accessible to them For that pur
pose it was provided in the law organizing the
court it should sit at nine different places. Expe
rience has shown that this was a mistaken view
of the subject, as the parties seldom if ever attend
the court. Their attendance is not necessary,
and they therefore stay No one u ill ques
tion the fact, that this migratory feature is atten
ded with great inconvenience to the members of
the court. If this was the only objection to it, it
might be borne with, but it deprives the court of
the advantages ofconsulting good libraries, which
are not to fe foil dat many of the points, where it
is now held. Without attempting to present the
many reasons which might he urged in lav r of the
• change,as they will readily suggest themselves
to your mind.- I recommend that the places for
holdit g the court le reduced to the number re
quired by the Constitution. Looking to the lu
ture permanence and usefulness ol tiiis court, 1
> think it advisable that the Constitution be so
amended as to authorize its entire sittings at the
scat ot government. I can see no good reason
; why it should be otherwise. The docket of the
I court could be so arranged for each of the Judi
cial Districts as to enable counsel to attend to
their cases with as much convenience at Milledge
ville as at any other point.
In this connection I call your attention to the
condition of our Elate library. For many years
the librajy has been totally neglected and almost
lost sight of by the Lcgislatute. The last Getter
al Assembly made an annual appropriation of a
thousand dollars for it. This amount regularly
continued with the system of exchanges with the
other States, would in the course of a few years
, furnish a State library, of which we might not be
ashamed. The small salary given to the librarian
. will not secure the service -of a competent officer,
| unless the appointment is connected with some
. oilier office, as has been done during the last two
. years. The librarian’s report is herewith com
• municated. It will show the condition of the li
brary, its increase since I came into office, and a I
i so the regulations I have adopted to preserve it
i from its former fate. It cannot be necessary tor
[ me to submit an argument to the Legislature in
favor o! obtaining anil keeping a good State libra
> ry. Statepride.il there was no other consider-
L ation, would make an ;• ppeai in its favor that ought
5 not to be disregarded. Its propriety and useful*
i ness, however, arc 100 apparent to require further
> continent. I confidently commend to your favora
t ble consideration the policy adopted by your imme
. diate predecessors on this subject
MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS.
A vacancy occurred on the Supreme Court
bench during the present year, by the resignation
of the Hon. Hiram Warner, which I filled by the
appointment of the Hon. Ebenezer Starnes.—
There have been several vacancies occasioned by
the death and resignation, on the Circuit Court
bench, but as they are no longer filled by the Leg
islature, it is not unnecessary to specify them.
The creditors of the Bank of Darien have been for
years applying to ihe State for the liquidation of their
claims, holding as they do, that the State is liable lor
them. It is time that this mat ter should be disposed of,
and I recommend that some provision be made by the
present Genera! Assembly for the final settlement of
those claims, either by submitting the question involved
to the decision of the courts, or some other tribunai to
be selected by the Legislature, and agreed toby the
parties in interest.
I was directed by a Resolution of the last General
Assembly, to withdraw the block of marble, whic bad
been furnished for the Washington monument from this
State, on account of the objectionable inscription upon
it, and to provide another in its stead, with the simple
inscription of the. Arms ol the Stale. Finding that the
object of the legislature could be carried out by an al
teration of the in script am on the flock already furnish
ed, I adopted that course, as ihe most economical arid
appropriate under I lie cicumstances.
By joint resolution of the last General Assembly, I
was required to apixtim a <omms*i<>n to examine and
report to the present Legislature, on the claims of Wm.
Q. Anderson, Tims. Anderson, and Richard J. Willis,
securities of John R. Anderson, on his bonds, as Cash
ier and agent of the Darien Rank. I appointed Chas.
Dougherty and Wm Hope Hull, Esqs., and herewith
transmit to you their report upon the subject.
My predecessor informed the last General Assembly
that the question of ilie boundary between Florida anil
our own State had been submitted to the Supreme
Court of the United States, and that he had engaged
the servioesof Hon. J. M. Berrien, as the attorney of
the State. At the instance of Judge Berrien, I associa
ted with him the lion. George E. Badger having
been authorised by resolution ol the last Legislature, to
employ additional counsel in the case. The case is
still pending.and will probable be decided at the ap
proaching term of the court.
A question of boundary between South Carolina and
Georgia has arisen since the adjournment of the last
General Assembiy. The correspondence between the
Governor and the Attorney General of South Carolina
and myself on that subject is herewith transmitted. My
views are so fully presented in that correspondence,
that I deem it unnecessary to add anything in referance
to it. I recommend that the suggestion contained in
the lastlelter of the Attorney General of South Caroli
na be acceded to, and that provision lie made for sub
mitting the question of houndry to the decision of the
Supreme Court of the United States. It presents the
most satisfactory mode of sett ling a dispute, which it left
unadjusted, might at some future day lead to unpleas
ant conrequences.
By a joint resolution of the last General Assembly, I
was directed to appoint “two Suitable persons as dele
gates from this State to attend a convention of dele
gates from the Thirteen Original States,” which was
held in Philadelphia, on tl- sth of July, 1852. lap
pointed the Hon. Marshall J. Wellborn of Columbus
and the Hon. Asbury Hull of Athens, who accepted
the appointment,and their report of the action of the
convention is herewith transmitted. The object for
which this convention assembled, and the mode hy
which that object is to be consummated, are so fully
and satisfactorily presented in the accompanying report,
that I do not leel called upon to do more than ask for it
your careful consideration. It is no local or sectional
movement, in which the people of Philadelphia alone
are interested. It was prompted hy a national senti
ment as broad as the Union—and a spirit of gratitude
and veneration aa deeply implanted in the hearts of the
American people, as are the memories of our revolution
ary struggles Georgia has participated so fur with
commendable zeal,and patriotic ardor in this noble en
terprize—and I doubt not, that every step of its future
progress will be marked with the evidences of her liber
ality.
The last General Assembly passed a joint resolution
authorizing me‘Ho erect ,on the public grounds, near
the State House, a suitable monument to ihe memory of
our late distinguished fellow-citizen, Hon. John For
syth, and pay for the same out of money appropriated for
that purpose by the act of the Legislature, approved
February 23, 1850.” The proposition contained in
this resolution, meets my cordial approval. No one en
tertains a higher appreciation of the services anil bril
liant career of Mr. Forsyth, than myself, and it would
have given me sincere pleasure to have carried out the
intention of the Legislature, if it could have been done
The amount of appropriation is wholly inadequate for
the contemplated object. A monument erected on the
State House square, to the memory of Mr. Forsyth
should not only be creditable to the State, but worthy
of the distinguished dead ; such a monument cannot be
obtained for one thousand dollars. For this reason and
for this reason alone, I have taken no steps to carryout
tins resolution, and 1 now recommend that the appro
priation lie increased to a sum that will secure such a
monument as the occasion call for; a monument wor
thy of the State of Georgia, and worthy of the distin
guished defender of the Constitution and Union of our
lathers.
have just had our first judicial elections under the
law giving those elections to the people. The policy of
the law has been vindicated, and it presents an appro
priate occasion for recommending an extension of its
provisions to the remaining cases of State officers elec
ted by the Legislature.
Our election laws need amendment. The duly of
deciding upon the returns of many elections, is hy irn-a
plication devolved upon the Executive. No'rules
however are prescribed for his government. Thisshonld
be remedied by the passage ol an act, plainly defining
his duty, power, and mode of procedure.
The great number of laws which have been passed
on the subject of the lands belonging to the Skate lias
involved that subject in great difficulty. Many of these
laws were of a mere local character, but thei’rapplica
tmn being general in the terms of the statute. I,as pro
duced a contrariety of provisions difficult to reconcile
Toe whole subject needs thorough and radical lemsla
tnm, and 1 trust it will receive vour consideration dur
ing the present session. For the disposition of the re
maining nngranlerl lairds of every description, that have
been regularly surveyed, I would recommend that the
jiolicy of the act ol 1843 be adopted. Experience lias
proven it to be, hy far the most economical and satis
iactory mode ofdisposing of the public lauds.
,p. | . r ‘b * axis-- fMJiAiti IclltUo.
I Ihe slow but steady development of the mineral re
sources otour State, should bring to your attention the
providing, for a thorough geological sur
vey of the State. Otirer departments of interest would
be greatly benefitterl hy it—and I recommend tiiat am
ple provision he made for that purpose.
I was requested hy resolution of the Senate of the
last Legislature to make tite alterations and arrange,
mems in the .Senate Chamber rendered necessary ”bv
the increased number of that body. It has been alien
ded lo—and a portion of lire expense paid out of the
com urgent fund. No special appropriation was made
to carry out tins resolution, and it.now becomes neces
sary tor you to make an early appropriation lo pay tire
balance dim to Mr. Lord tire contractor. As he was
among the unfortunate number who suffered severely
! rom the late fire in this city, I would urge upon you
the justice of providing for the immediate settlement of
lus account.
structive character of the lire to. which I have just al
luded . The individual sufferers make no appeal to you
for relief, but it is in our power to render essential aid,
not only to them hut to the whole community, by deci
sive action upon the subject of a removal of the seat of
government. The constant agitation of that question
has paralyzed the energies ol the people ol IVlilledeev ille
and crushed their spirit of enterprise. The future pros
perity of their city is involved in it, and so long as it
remains un open and unsettled point, the effect will he
felt and seen in the downward lendei.cy of every inter
est coni ected with the prosperity of the city. Ample
time has boen allowed tor ascertaining the popular will
on the subject, and legislative xpression should new be
given to the judgment of the people. It is due not only
to this community, but also to the future comfort of
those, who may be officially called to spend a portion
of their time at the C apitol. Such arrangements as are
necessary to make MiiledgeviHe a pleasant loirienee
for the members of the General Assembly, and until il
is known that the seat of Government will not be re
moved. Whatever, therefore, may be the public will
on this subject, let it I e made known m such authori
tative form, as will relieve all doubt and anxiety in ref
erence to it.
FEDERAL RELATIONS.
1 herewith transmit a communication from the Stale
Department of the Government, accompanied
w ith a copy of a “Consular Convention between the
United States of America and His Majesty the Emperor
of the French,” Your attention is called to the provis
ions of the seventh article of the convention.
I herewith transmit the resolutions of various State
Legislatures, which have been forwarded tome.
.Since the last session of the Genet al Assembly, an occur
rence has transpired in which Georgia, though nc.i directly a
pariy, is in my judgment deeply interested, and to which I
deem it my duty to tail your attention. A citizen of Yiigiuia
on liis w ay to Texas with Slaves, is by force of circumstances,
compelled to take a temporary train-it through the city of New
York. Upon habeas corpus before Judg** I*r.j no of that State,
the negroes were declared free, ami the citizen deprived of
his property. Though indemnified fully, I believe by volun
tary subscription, yet the principle involved in the decision
is or.e of vast importance and startling tendency, in which ihe
interest of Mr. Lemmon* becomes insignificant, amt the inter
est of every slave-holding State paramount and equal Vir
ginia and Texas Slave no deeper interest than Geotgia and
Alabama. It is understood that an appeal bas been taken from
the decision to the appellate Court of New York, and it is
probable that the final adjudication of the question involved
will be made by the Supreme Court of thp United States. The
deliberate determination of any question by that tribunal
commands and should receive the respect of the country, and
constitutes a precedent controlling subsequent eases. The
principles involved i“tlic decision of Judge Faytia will be
better considered in a Court room, than in a document like
the present. It is not my purpose therefore to submit an ar
gument on the correctness of tint decision. If such is the luw
it is the first time that it has been solemnly thus pronounced,
in a case made befor • any tribunal, w itliin my knowledge. If
it be true that the citizens of slave-holding Slates, who by
force of circumstances or for convenience, seek a passage
through the territory of a tton-slnveholding Slate, with their
slaves—ure thereby deprived of their property in them, and
the slaves ipso lacto become emancipated, it is ttme that we
know law’ as it is. No Court in America has ever announced
this lobe law. It would be exceedingly strange if it should
he
By the comity of Nations, the personal status of every man
is determined by the law of his domicil, and whether he be
bond or free.capable or incapable there, he remains so every
where anew domicil is acquired This is hut the courtesy
of nation lo nation, founded not upon the statute, but is ab
solutely necessary for the peace and harmony of Slates, and
for the cufotcemeut of private justice. A denial of this com
itj is unheard of among civilized nations, and if deliberately
and wantonly persisted in, would be just cause of war. Can
it be possible that the courtesy yielded by independent na
tions to each other, can be rightfully denied by one of these
States to the others?- Is the bond of Union an authority or
reason for a course of conduct unjustifiable without tiiat bond 7
Did the framers of the Constitution, so wise add provident as
to all other possible causes of <1 i>t ur banco between the States,
permit so pregnant a source of discord, to pass unheeded and
unprovided for 7 In yielding our right to make treaties, and
to/ieclare war, have we left ourselves remeidiless in cases of
palpable violatirn of the law and comity ol nationa? The
adjudication of these questions by the tiibunal organized un
der the Constitution, cannot lie reviewed with indifieronce by
us. Every slave-holding State should be heard before that
tribunai. I therefore recommend, that in the event the Lem
mon’s case being carried before the Supreme Court, tho Ex
ecutive be authorised to employ able counsel in behalf of the
State of Georgia, to be heard before that Court upon these
questions.
The general condition of our Federal Relations presents a
flattering prospect. Since the happy termination ot those
angry sectional strifes, which lor a time threatened our pcuce
and quiet, the country lias returned to a state of repose, ami
all the indications of the present, point to a happy,, peaceful
and prosperous future. HOWELL COBB.
nut) Sait met
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA.
TUESDAY MORNING, NOV. 15, 1853.
Inaugural Address of Gov. Johnson.
In his address, out- new Governor speaks as a pro
gressive of the latter half of the nineteenth century. —
With a mind to perceive, to appreciate and to construct,
we feel confident that he will neglect no means that
may tend towards developing the* unequalled resources
of our State. What a future awaits Georgia ! Give
her people but the heavenly light of Learning—let Science
throw its radient beams around and along the painful
and dangerous paths of labor—let Art embellish and en
rich, in a word, let but the appliances which the inge
nuity and application of man have wrought, and are dai
ly find in Georgia, and Georgians that ap
preciation which makes progress but a pastime, and a
firmer basis will be laid for a lasting and independent
future that armies could conduct or physical prowess
adorn. Gov. Johnson feels this and speaks it with a
burning eloquence that will light a kindred flame in
every Georgians breast. Education is the cornet
stone of national prosperity and existence. Education
is the mighty power that is to revolutionize the world.
It is education properly systematised that is to elevate
i the lowly, to reform the vicious, to enrich the pour, to
dignify man in all his relations and make him more the
image of his maker. Let us then as Legislators, as
citizens, as the State, “gladden all with the sunlight of
science, and press to their lips the cup of intellectual
happiness.”
On the subject of our Federal relations he is clear
and explicit. We shall stand by him in the prosecu
tion of his views and second him as far as we may in
in seeing that slavery will no more be agitated at the
expense of the South. Georgia has said it and siir
INTENDS TO STAND BY HER OATH.
Towards the advancement of every suggestion contain
ed in this earnest and patriotic address there will go up
one loud Amen from every quarter of our State.
The policy as proposed by Ihe Constitutional
ist and Republic, with reference to the
choice oi U. S. Senator*
About two weeks since the Constutionalist issued a
long editorial, advocating the election of Howell Cobb
to the United States Senate. It had doubtless been
well matured and reflected upon some days before pub
lication. Such a step required deliberation. It was
taking the initiative in a policy intended to control the
action of tbe entire democratic party. It was setting a
precedent for other presses, to advocate their political,
or personal favorites, with equal deliberation and firm
ness. The consequences of following such a precedent,
would have been to bring into hostile existence wings
and factions, with prejudicies aroused, and forces mar
shalled, ere the legislature had assembled, and but
meeting at Milledgeville, as on a common battle ground,
to fight it to the death. A course foreshadowing such
deplorable consequences, has met, as it deserved, from
the entire democratic press, as far as wc have seen, the
most decided disapprobation.
According to the reasoning of the* Constitutionalist ,
the democratic party is but a co-partnership which re
quires at each recurmg election, a settlement of claims
and adjustment of balances. We do not consider the
entirety of the party as resting on such a mercenary
basis. It has a nobler foundation ; a more worthv mis
sion ; and will not be prostituted to such ignoble ends.
The history of the party proves tiiis. United as it was
during tlie elections for Prcsi lent ami Governor, with
no fissure nor seam visible or exlaut, save what the op
position endeavored to effect, each stood shoulder to
shoulder—“by genes were by genes,” and all hailed the
resultant triumphs with unmingled satisfaction. Who
shall now interrupt this harmony? \Vho shall be the
First to suggest the charge of selfishness? Who shall
retrace step by step, the history of former dissension
thuß opening old wounds, and making them to bleed
again, when existence itself depends upon constant adhe
sion ? Who shall throw discord into a harmonious and
united family, by officiously proclaiming that one or the
other branch has not received its just deserts? The
editor of the Con-titutionalist, through his prescribed
poliey, is acting all these parts. Have any complaints
been heard from the Union Wing of the party? Have
they upbraided the Southern Rights Wing because of
injustice or insincerity? Have they protested against
any nomination because of past opinions, which fell into
desuetude with the occasion that called them forth? Not
one. But thia magnanimous duty ; tiiis generous com
plaisance ; this self-denying assumption of champion
ship in the cause of defered justice; this unique feat of
strengthening the whcle, by a separation of the pans,
was reserved for the politic and matured sagacity of the
editor of the Constitutionalist,
If he be bo conceeding upon principle, and so gener
ous in fact, why did not his proposed policy concede di
rectly to the once union wing, the choice of Senator, and
there stop.
•This, however, did not satisfy his conscientious sense
choosing for them who their representative’ shall be.
After asserting that he entertained misgivings as to the
propriety of discussing tin* question, Are., he goes on to
say ‘‘under the circumstances, we should have preferred
to remain silent, and not s, n desirous of bringing an
outside pressure to boat- upon the judgement and dis
cretion of the m- mb rs. But our own choice is not
left, as an intelligent correspondent .signing, himself A
Southern Rights Democrat, desires to be heard through
our columns, in behalf of the claims of a particular as
pirant to the Senatorial office, and we do not fell at lib
erty to refuse him, we, therefore, lay his communication
before the public, and in doing so, feel constrained to
make such comments as the occasion, and the impor
tant results involved, suggest ’’ These, tlieu are the
inducements which obviated bis misgivings. “A South
ern Rights Democrat/’ thought Judge Warner should
be the choice, as that the Union wing should have the
Senator.
The Editor of the Constitutionalist doubtless thanks
his communicator for giving him an opportu
nity of broaching his policy, but differs with him
as to who shall be the recipient of its blessings. To
excuse the application which he makes of it, however,
he tells us his reasons, which if they satisfy his own
conscience, we shall not now controvert. And on this
head he complains that the democratic press, while they
dissent from bis views, do not answer his arguments.
This looks certainly very plausible—a perfectly fair de
mand. We content ourselves with uttering, but our ipse
dixit as he is pleased to term our opinions, because
his course is wrong ab initio, lie would doubtless be
very much delighted to beget a discussion upon his rea
sonings, and by a rhetorical trick gain half of the ar
gument by thus causing the premises to be lost sight
of. We saw very plainly the drift of his policy, which
in part, caused us to suspect the ingenuousness of his
professions. lie may be as candid, and sincere, and
patriotic in his desire to do right, as he insists upon,—
We will not deny the existence of such motives, but
he has been most unfortunate in their exposition. We
trust that we do not fall short of his estimate of our
“intellectual capability of comprehending, and moral ca
pability of appreciating motives higher than mere per
sonal preferences, or selfish ulterior purposes/’ but when
w’e hear an advocate weaken his cause by persistently pro
ving too much, we are very apt to suspect either the validi
ty of his cause, or his ability to maintain it. If we
grant him then all the self denying forbearance which
he claims in recommending the choice of a Senator
from the union wing, and insisting with elaborate reas
oning who this shall be, he has shown his forbearance
in a most odious ofticiousness. The manner of the act
detracts from the virtue of the motive.
Our dissent from the course adopted by the Consti
tutionalist, and suggested as the poliey for the demo
cratic patty, begins and ends with his right as an expo
nent of democracy, of discussing the subject at all.—
We have said nothing against Mr. Cobb, nor Judge
Warren, nor the union wing, which once had an exist
ance, and to which they belonged. We neither advo
cate nor oppose any man’s claims, merely because he
may have belonged to this or that section, into which
the party was once divided. We have contended but
for the harmony and union of the party, and never have
we urged any course w hich would bring an element of
discord into its ranks. The Constitutionalist tried its
hand previous to the last Gurberuatorial Convention,
but his cuoucils were rejected, and the party went on
as a unit, and gloriously triumphed. He then tried to
convince the union wing how much they had suffered;
and to bring the Southern Rights wing to the stool of
repentance, for their grasping conduct, but no one felt
the wiong, because none existed; nor saw the evil, be
cause none had been committed. Again he dons the
cape of a Palinurus, and standing upon the prow ex
claims, a crisis ! Indeed 1 what crisis, pray, is now pen
ding ? The democracy is in the ascendant, all over the
country, The party in Georgia has proved its strengtli
and harmony by the result of all elections which have
taken place since the reorganization—and will continue
strong and united, if zeal that outstrips discretion, be not
so officious to prove itself, or elements productive of dis
cord be not introduced for the purpose of attaining cer
tain ends, disinterested or otherwise.
We give the editors of th c Constitutionalist all due
credit for his intentions, and whether or not we have
that “long sighted view of permanent interests,” which
he seems to deny us, we candidly acknowledge our inabili
ty to perceive in his proposed policy any means for the
securing of either permanent or passing interests —to the
party. If Gov. Cobb be a candidate, as bo undoubted
ly will, and shall be unsuccessful, he may attribute his
defeat in a great measure to the officiousness of his po
litical friend of the Constitutionalist. To withstand the
dangerous influences of his proposed policy and maintain
its unity the party may be called to sacrifice even Gov.
Cobb. If divisions shall occur, and old fires be kindled,
sons to give the Whigs the Senator, with the editor of
the Constitutionalist will rest the blame of entering the
first wedge and of kindling the first spark.
lie has so far conducted his proposed policy very
adroitly. Having made his debut, he, as a good rhetori
cian, first conciliates his hearers by giving uterunce to a so
ber disquisition upon moral duty; a panegyric upon public
virtue and the heroism of self-denial. He then unfolds
his plans step by step, cautiously and deliberately, and
retires anxious but hopeful, to witness the manner of
impression produced. A second scene comes on, and
having collected what might be necessary to the success
of the plot viz: a discussion irrelevant to the matter at
issue, he makes a point of it ; inserts it in full, as in the
case of the editorial comments of the Marietta Advooatc ;
arouses the sympathies of his readers by quoting articles
from the Times ij* Sentinel , and making them bear as
reflecting upon the purity of his motives, and strength
i ening himself with two long letters from friends equal
ly disinterested as himself, and having thus made another
period, with an opportunity ofretiring in good favor, the
scene closes, What additional scenes shall transpire
or what preperutions are being made behind the cur
tains, the future can alone diselose. What may be
the character of the catastrophe will be determined by
the course which the members of the Legislature may
pursue.
> We learn from the New York papers that the
case of the United States against Mr. Colver, part own
? er, and the Captain, Engineer and oilier officers of the
5 steamer Henry Clay, on an indictment for manslaughter
for having caused the death of eighty-four passengers,
t has terminated in an ncquital of the accused, after n
> trial which occupied fourteen days.
! (FT The Southern Electic for November has been
- received, and presents a most inviting table of contents,
including original articles from the pens of Southern
, writers.
GO” Hunt’s Merchant’s Magazine for November
; has also come to hand. Its well established character
ranking as it does among the first, if not at the head ol
publications of the kind, requires no panegyric from
us.
Death of E. S. Sayre, Esq. —We learn by a let
ter the decease of E. S. Sayre, of this place, while on a
visit to Demopolis. Mr. Sayre was an old resident of
tiiis place, and was for several years connected with the
business department of tiiis paper, lie was a gentle
man much esteemed by his friends for his acquirements
and ability. He has sufferred often from hemorrhage
of the lungs, which we learn was the immediate cause
of his decease.— Mont. Journal.
Anti Coalition Movement. —The Anti Coalition
Democratic Convention, for Middlesex County, Mass.,
met at Concord, on the 27th ult., and repudiating all
connection with the Freesoilers, nominated a separate
Senatorial ticket. They passed no resolutions regard
ing national affairs.
O 3 Mr. McLaue, the Commissioner to China, sails
for his destination, from New York, on the 19th in
stant.
An American Officr at the Turkish Camp.—
Tiie camp of ihe Turkish army on the Danube has been
visited recently by a great number of European tour
its and military men. Capt. Walker, of the mounted
Rifles, U. S. Army, had gone to take a look at the
grand army of the Crescent. The Captain had betn
handsomely received by the Sultan, who gave him a
letter of i-ntodnotion to Omar Pacha, the Commander
in-chief on the Danube.
Sclmfi. —The Reporter of Thursday says theie is
in the place, that the citizens are be-
Milledgeville, Nov. 7, 1853.
SENATE.
The Senate was called to order at 10 o’clock A. M.,
by Luther J. Glenn. lion. J. Dunwagav, of Hall, was
called to the choir ; certificates of election were read,
and the oath of office administered by Judge Jackson.
Messrs. J. D. Stoll, of Fayette, dem., aim Andrew J.
Miller, of Richmond, whig, were nominated for the
Presidency. Stell was elected on first ballot by a vote
of 51 to 45. The eh clion of Secretary was then enter
ed upon. The following is a list of the principal candi
dates and votes:
Ist ballot, Pringle lIJ.l I J. Moore 16. llood 16. Parrott 45.
2d “ “ 22 “ 24 “ 21 “ 28
3d u “ 27 “49 “ 27 “
4th “ “ 26 “ 49 “ 21 “
The election of Moore gave general satisfaction. lie
is a good and true Democrat.
HOUSE.
The House was called to order at 10 A. M., by R. S.
Lanier. Dr. Phillips, of Habersham, was called to the
chair, and after certificates of election were read, the
oath of office .was administered to the members by
Judge Iverson. McDougaU?, dem., of Muscogee, Ward,
deni., of Savannah, and Irwin, whig, of Wilkes, were
put in nomination for the Speakership.
Ist ballot, McDougald 20; Ward 62; Irwin 45;
Latham 1 ; Phillips 2 ; Irwin was then withdrawn.
2d ballot, Ward 102; McDoug.tld 28. Mr. Ward
was declined duly elected and conducted to the chair,
which, by the way, is a very ordinary one. The elec
tion for clerk was then announced, and on the Ist bal
lot, Wafford received 86 votes, Harrison 37, Lawson 9.
Oslin was then elected Messenger, and after one ballot
for Door keeper, the House adjourned.
The contest for the United States Senator grows
warmer, Cobb, McDonald and Iverson are the princi
pal candidates, and public sentiment is much devided as
to the prospects of each candidate. Much interest is
excited as to the result of the election for Judge of the
Supreme Court; Wellborn, Benning, Cone, Starke and
Starnes are all in the field, and the friends of each are
zealously urging their respective claims upon the De
mocracy. There is but one Whig in the field, the
present incumbent,.Nisbet, who will receive the votes
of the body of the whig party and some Democratic
support. L.
M ILLEDGEVIKLE, NoV. 8.
The two Houses met at 10 A. M. Messages were
received from tho two Houses informing each other of
their organization, and of the appointment of Commit
tees to wait on the Governor. The Governor’s mes
sage was received, and read, and the twe Houses ad
journed for dinner.
THE GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE.
I send you a copy of this lengthy document, which
of course you will transfer to your columns at your ear
liest convenience. It is a unpretending docu
ment, and is confined exclusively to a consideration of
State affairs, and as their interests are personal to every
citizen of Georgia, the message will be universally read
therefore, it is unnecessary for me to give but a synop
sis of it.
THE PUBLIC DEBT.
The debt of Georgia is only $2,635,472 22. It is a
matter of congratulation that it is so small, and that
the bonds of the State have been negotiated at a pre
mium of 5 per cent.
THE CENTRAL BANK.
The Governor transferred tin- asset ts of the Bank to
the Treasury, and believes that the eontinuace of that
institution is no longer necessary. After exhausting the
assets of the Bank, there will be $369,500 to be paid out
of the Treasury. He recommends that the assets of the
Bank be sold to the highest bidder.
THE TREASURY.
On the 20th October there was a balance of $74,857
35 in the Treasury. Joseph Sturgis as agent of the
State, has collected from the United States the sum of
$144,890 53.
THE TAX LAW.
The Governor sanctions the advalorem principle of
taxation, but admits that there may be mistakes in the
application of the principle in the present tax law,
which he recommends the Legislature to correct. He
commends the law to the Legislature, and urges them
to maintain the advalorem principle with firmness,
while they adopt sueli amendments as wisdom and expe
Hence may suggest. The Govornor defends the law
from the charge that taxes were increased by it. He
says the liabilities of the State required an increase of
taxes, and if no change had been made in the mode of
taxation, st 11 taxes would have been increased.
THE STATE ROAD.
The Governor recommends a lease of the State Road
to a Corporation for 25 years at 5 per cent, on the in
vestment. While we approve the suggestion, we ob
ject to the terms of the lean. We are informed upon
the best authority that 300,000 dollars per annum, can
be got for the road, on a lease of five years, and that
at the end of that time the profits of the road will be
greatly increased, and that the State can get a still
larger sum for the next succeeding five years.
Under the managetaegt of the late able superinten
dents the resources of the road have so increased, as to
leave no doubt of the fact, that under proper management
a large revenue will accrue to the State from thia source.
This is a strong argument against the sale of the road
at present. We are iu favor of the State’s holding on
to the road until the State debt falls due. The bonds
of the State cannot be bought, and the money arising
from a sale of the road at this time, would either lie
idle in the Treasury, or be squandered by improvident
legislation. If the road is leased we suggest to the Leg
islature to appropriate the funds to the completion of the
Rail Road system of Georgia, at least, until the bonds
of the State fall due. The whole State have contribu
ted to build the road, and by this use of the money ari
sing from the lease of the road, every part of the State
would participate in the benefits of this great enter
prise.
TIIE PENITENTIARY.
It is singular that this institution cannot be made prof
itable in Georgia. The Governor recommends no
change in its management. In Alabama the Penitenti
ary i> made profitable, by leasing it to a private individ
ual. It would not be amiss for the Legislature of Geor
gia to consider the propriety of pursuing the same course
with our Institution.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
High encomiums are paid by the Governor to the
managers of these establishments. He recommends
that provision be made by a tax on slaves for the sup
port of insane negroes in the Assylum.
EDUCATION.
The educational advantages of Georgia are apprecia
ted by the Governoi, hut he admits that no suitable
provision is made for the education of the poor. There
are 38,000 poor children in the State, and yet, only 23-
000 dollars, or 60 cents a head, are appropriated to their
education. The Governor recommends no system, but
looks forward to a time when the taxes will be reduced
one half, and then he suggests that the proceeds arising
from the lease of the State road, be appropriated to tho
education of the people.
THE PUBLIC PRINTING.
The Governor recommends that the public printing
be done at Milledgeville, under the eye of the Execu
tive, and that power be conferred upon him to transfer
the printing whenever the public Printer fails to com
plete it in a given time. The last recommendation
meets with our cordial sanction, but we can devise no
reason for the first, but a desire on the part of Ilis Ex
cellency, to advance the claims of a favorito candidate
for public Printer, and even in this it will necessarily
fail, as the only result of the adoption of such a law,
would be to force candidates in other parts of the State
to form combinations with persons located at Milledge
ville. We, by no means, charge that such was tbe de
sign of Governor Cobb, we do not know that he is the
advocate of any one’s claims. We only state the effect
of his recommendation.
ANNUAL SESSIONS.
We cordially sanction the recommendations of Gov.
Cobb in this regard. We have always regarded biun
nial sessions as a humbug. The experience of the State
proves that nothing comparatively is saved in a pecuni
ary point of view, by the change, and the public inter
ests often suffer by the delay, incident to biennial ses
sions.
MISCELLANEOUS.
We also concur in tbe recommendations that the of-
Court be made stationary, and of funning a State libra
ry worthy of the State.
The excuse of the Governor for his delay in erecting
a monument to the Memory of John Forsyth, are en
tirely satisfactory. We hope the Legislature will
make an appropriation worthy of the State, and of the
memory of the great man it designs to honor.
FEDERAL RELATIONS,
The only reference to our Federal relations contained
in the message, refers to the outrage perpetrated upon
Mr. Lemmons of Virginia, by the judicial authorities of
New York. The position of 11 is Excellency on this
subject is firm and decided. It is unendurable that a
citizen of the United States should be deprived of his
property, merely because he carries it by necessity or
convenience upon the waters of a sister State. If such
a principle is established, the Union will be converted
into an engine of oppression, and instead of carry ing out
the great ends for which it was established, will under
mine one of the great interests it was designed to sub
serve.
We are pleased to notice that our talanted young
townsman R: Emmitt Dixon is Assistant Secretary of
the Senate, and that Alexander M- Speer of Bibb, is
Assistant Clerk of the House. They are both men of
educatien, talent, and efficiency, and discharge their va
rious duties with promptness and urbanity. We con
gratulate both Houses upon their good fortune in ob
taining such efficient officers. We are the more grati
fied as they are our own personal friends.
The editorial corpse were invited to take seats on the
floors of the respective Houses. We promptly availed
ourselves of the privilege, and now write in the Hall of
the House.
Nothing definite has turned up as to the Senatorial
election. The friends of the respective candidates are
still struggling for mastery.
Crisp with his company has arrived, and opened
last night with the Lady of Lyons. He had a house
chock lull, and among the audience we noticed several
beautiful ladies. This was our first sight of the repre
sentatives of tho fair sex at Milledgeville, and if they are
fair specimens, we anticipate a rich feast in their society
this Winter. You may rely on it that the fashion and
beauty of the State will be here this session. Come
over and admire them. The Ladies have not yet made
their appearance in the State House. W’e expect them
to-morrow, and then you may hear more from
Yours, &c., L.
Milledgeville, Nov. 9.
The business of the session has not yet fairly com
menced, though several bills have been already intro
duced.
MeDougald in pursuance of tho recommendation of
Gov. Cobb, has introduced a bill to re establish annual
sessions. This measure seems to meet with very gen
eral favor.
Mr. Jamison, of Union, has introduced a bill, the
object of which is to take the election of Superintendent
of the State Road from the Legislature and give the
appointment to the Governor. This is also one of the
recommendations of Gov. Cobb.
Mr. Miller, of Richmond, has introduced a bill to
abolish Survivorship in joint tenancy of personal pro
perty.
Mr. Deadwyle of Madison offered a resolution which
passed the Senate to adjourn the Legislature on the
19th of December, and to refuse all legislation on sub
jects of which the Superior and Inferior Courts have
jurisdiction. In reply to which Mr. Mosely, of Spauld
ing whispered
i Through all resolves how soon it flies,
We break the weak the slender ties.
Mr. Sturgis introduced a resolution to print all bills
introduced into the Senate. Bills of a local character
were also introduced into the Senate by Messrs. Hub
bard, Gaston and Drane.
The 11th of November was fixed by the House as
the day for the election of Solicitor for the Coweta Cir
cuit, for winch office there are said to be eleven candi
dates, and of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of
Savannah, for which there are half dozen candidates,
and among them G. M. T. Howard, well and favorably
known in Columbus, and Mr. Bilbo, formerly of Albany,
but now of Savannah.
At 12 M. on yesterday the Senate was received in
the Hall of the House for the purpose of counting the
vote for Governor. This was the event of the day and
elicited much interest as the whig party was not without
hopes and the opposition not free from apprehension
that some informality in the returns might defeat the
will of the people and place Jenkins in the Executive
chair, and these hopes and fears were no little increas
ed by the presence of Mr. Jenkins during the day in
the Hall of the House. We have no idea that he
would have accepted tho office upon such terms. The
green bag containing the returns was borne to the
Speaker’s chair by Senator Boggis, of , who
seemed to labor under the load and turned over to the
Speaker, and opened in the presence of the two Houses
by their presiding officers. Many of them were as
long as the moral law, and some informal but no objec
tions were made to the reception of any except those
from ten counties, the returns from which were certified
to the Executive and not to the Speaker of the House.
It seems that returns from these ten counties were sent
to by the Executive office, and that copies under the seal
of the State were sent to the Speaker. Mr. Miller of
Richmond objected to the reception of copies when the
original could be procured Quite an animated discus
sion sprung up upon this question in which Miller,
Sturgis and Cone of Bulloch participated, and Anally
by general consent a committee was appointed to pro
cure the originals, and tho votes of the 10 counties
counted from the original returns. The General As
sembly was engaged in this tedious work until a late
hour, but finished before it adjourned with the gratify
ing announcement that Johnson received 47,638 in the
late election, and Jenkins 47,128 votes, and that John
son’s majority is 510 votes.
After the applause subsided which followed this an
nouncement the Senate retired to its chamber, and both
Houses appointed committees to wait on the Governor
elect. This morning the two Houses were informed
that the Governor elect would accept the office to which
he was elevated, and would take the oath of office at
12 M. At the hour appointed we repaired to the Hall
of the House which was partly filled with the
fashion of the State who were surrounded on all
sides hy the congregated wisdom and manhood of
Georgia. Many of their fair laces were exceed
ingly lovely and beautiful. At the precise hour
the Messenger of the Senate, Wamsley, entered the
dense mass which blocked up the door of the
Hall, followed by the officers of the Senate. Next came
the Rising and Setting Suns arm in arm and proceeded
to the speaker's stand and without introduction of any
kind or any note of preparation, llsrschel V. Johnson
arose arnid the plaudits of tho audience and delivered
a chaste, appropriate and sound Inaugural Address,
which I send you for publication. lie then placed his
right hand on the Holy Bible and holding the Digest
in his left hand took the oath of office. Gov. Cobb
then presented to him the Seal of trie State, and the
President of the Senate arose gave three raps and pro
claimed Herschel V. Johnson Governor of the State of
Georgia for the next two years. Immediately the vast
concourse dispersed amid the firing of cannon and wo
retired to the Senate Chamber to write you this hasty
communication. L.
Milledgeville, Nov. 10.
SENATE.
Wm. 11. Welder, appeared and took his seat, lie
fills the vacancy occasioned by the death of Jno. L
Bird, of Taliaferro, and is of course a Whig.
An amendment of the constitution was proposed by
Mr. Miller, of Richmond, providing that the pay of
members shall be reduced one half after the expiration
of 50 days of the Session. Mr. Mosely, of Spaulding,
offered a bill to charter “Marshall ‘College,” an institu
tion of learning, to be located at Griffin, and to be un
der the control of the Baptist, Methodist and Christian
churches, and the orders of Masons and Odd Fellows.
Mr. Stoval, of Columbia, offered a bill to impose a
a fine of 50 dollars upon persons oppointed Commis
sioners of roads in ease they refuse to serve.
The bill to give *he appointment of Superintendent
of the State Road to the Governor, was read the second
time and referred to the Committee on Iu ternal Im
provements.
The bill to abolish joint tenancy was read ft second
time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
Mr. Green, of Pike, offered a resolution to bring on
Tuesday next. Mr. Sturgis moved to amend by insert
in a Thursday, lost. Mr. Dabney, of Gordon, moved
to amend, by adding, “and also of a Superintendent of
the Western and Atlantic Road.” Mr. Miller, of I;;,.
mond, moved to amend the amendment, by adddin,.
“provived said election shall not interfere with anv ac
tion the Legislation may take this session, in relation
to said Road,’’ and resolution as amended, was passed
This resolution gave rise to an animated debate j„
wliicdi Messrs. Sturgis, Clarke, Miller and Hull ‘par
ticipated. Mr. Clark i* a forcible speaker, and v. ,
t-ake a high stand in the Senate.
Ihe resolution of the House was concurred in to
bring on the election of Solicitor for the Coweta circuit
and of .fudge of the Court of Common Pleas in Satan -
nah on to-morrow. The Senate then adjourned to
10 o’clock to-morrow.
Notice was given of a Democratic caucus to be held
in the Senate chamber to-night. The object of t]„.
caucus is to decide upon the policy ol the party. XL
most important question lo be decided, will be the p,
ey of caucus nominations for Senator of the I ,
States, and .Judges of the Supreme Court. The uu.
tion is a delicate one, and upon its judicious settlement
will depend in a great measure the harmony of the
party.
A bail was given last nigh at Jluson’s Hotel, w|
was largely attended.
The Governor will review the Cadets of the Military
Institute this afternoon. The corps is encamped n- j
vicinity. They paraded yesterday through the -
cipal streets of the city, and deported themselves admi
rably. We propose to visit tliem this afternoon, it
wiil revive old and pleasant reminiscences, and when
we catch the military fever by closer contact. \,, u :
hear more of them. ,
(Jen. Cushing’s Letter-Free Soilism denoun,
ced.
\\ ill the enemies of the administration never ci -
thern censeless and mafgnant assaults ? is then
virtue enough in their ranks to discern the truth
acknowledge it ? Has party malice gone so far ,i ri *
there can not be a lower depth for its malevolent ~
ercise ?
The charges of free soilism and free soil affiliation
which were made the head and front of the opposing
lit Georgia have fallen to the ground, one by one
-and decisively that none but the most hardened
political sinner would venture to prolong them.
Secretary McLelan was an out and out free soiler
and an enemy to the South, said the Whigs. But hi’
letter of instruction to Marshall Wynkoop* urgir.r,
enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law, convinced t |, e
South that the Secretary of the Interior was a faithful
co-worker with Gen. Pierce, iu maintaining her rights’
and in giving effective force to the principles avowed in
the Inaugural address, to which Messrs. Toombs, den
kins, and other whig leaders had given their approve'.
Mr. Dix next came in review. He too has silenced
their foul batteries. Secretary Guthrie gave in his sec
ond letter to collector Bronson, a decided rap on the
head of free soilism. Secretary Morey s record needs
no defence—he is heart and soul aco worker with the
•’resident. Secretary Davis gives a quietus to the char
ges of disunion against him, which his enemies will nut
very soon revive-his loyalty to the Constitution and
the Union, is unquestioned. Yet, in the face of all these
facts, the whig press headed by the New York Herald
j fetches forth its bilingsgate to the disgust of every right
thinking citizen, and to the chagrin, even of their lion
j est partizau friends.
j As another chapter in this voiumn of proof already
elicited, we to-day give a crushing letter from Secretary
Cushing. As it is unquestionably authoritative, no one
can misunderstand its direct and significant purpose
The following is the letter :
Washington, Oet. 29, 1553.
Dear Sir : I perceive that ,in several counties in
Massachusetts coalition senatorial tickets have been
formed of associated democrats and free toilers i\h
judgment is, that the democrats who have a
-in this have done Worse than tu co
tatal error. They have abaudoned a principle wllil /
fundamental. J/o support or vote for the free soiler* . -
Massachusetts avowedly, in the persistent agitation of tie
slavery question, and therefore hostile, iu ihe extrem ‘■
degree, to the determined policy of the administration -
the I resident entertains immoveable convictions on this
point, as I have had occasion to express to you heretofore
and all of us whom lie has called to the public sen-,’
here most heartily and zealously sustain his views on the
subject, as being the only ones consistent with our p,,.
smial honor, the success of the democratic party the g i
eral welfare of the country, the integrity ot the constitu
tion or the permanency of the Union. If there be anv
purpose more fixed than another in the mind of the i’i--
sident and those with whom he is accustomed to consult
itis that that dangerous element ol abolitionism. utniJ
whatever guise or form it may present itselt, shall t.e
| crushed out, so far as this administration is concerned
| Tltis the President declared in hisffinaugntal ; this he
| has declared ever since, at all times, and°in ail pi.i .-,
when he had occasion to speak oil the subject. While
he does not assume to judge of the hearts of men vL
publicly avow sound principles, lie only needs overt ;■■■ -
to show where they are, in order that his settled policy ni
the conduct of the affairs of the government shall be un
equivocally manifested. Those who have apprehended
halting or hesitation on fthe part of the Pi. -.
dent in treading any path which truth and patriotism
open to him will themselves greatly mistaken. He is un
to this occasion, ilis |>olicy was not hastily settled ; wit -
he occupies his present position it will never he departed
from. The constitutional rights or all the States oi this
Union are as dear to him as the rights of New Hamp
shire. 1 have perceived from the outset that this great
principle of the constitutional rights of tile States is fas
tened in his thought as the corner stone of this Union.
Depend upon it, no matter what consequences may im
pend over him, he will never allow it to be shaken m
abolitionists or faetionists, but will set his face like Hint as
well as against right hand backslidings as against left hand
defections, which may prejudice or embarrass the onward
progress ot the republic.
1 remain very truly yours,
C. CUSHING.
Hon. R. Frotiiingham, Jr., Boston Post, Boston.
The Alabama River. —The Selma Reporter of the
3rd inst., says : “The late rains have raised the river.
It is now in fine boating order, and we hope the late fa
vorable weather has totally expelled the yellow fever
from Mobile, and that the winter business wiil at once
commence.”
Monument to the Mississihti Volunteers. -It
has been proposed, and funds are being raised, -ays
the Columbus Argus,) to build a monument in Jackson
in the memory of the Mississippi Volunteers who ‘ ’ in
Mexico, and boxes will be placed at tbe different pre
cincts in the State at the ensuing election, in wliiv:
money may be deposited for the purpose.
Hr Michael McCoy and James Duffy who were ar
rested in New York on suspicion of being the mur
derers of Catharine Quingley, near Jamaica, Ix>ng Is
land, have been honorably acquitted, after a full in> ‘• *
gaiiou.
(LT Tbe University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa,
resumed its session for the winter under most B ru
ble auspices. There were over a hundred stu ■
present the first week. Anew instrueter in the M■’
ern Languages, Prof. Deloffroe, has entered on hi>
ties. The town and vicinity are perfectly healthy.
O* Our last advices from the Gut of Canso annouv
that about one hundred fishing vessels were in tho pu.
suit of a large shoal of mackerel in that vicinity, th •
by encroaching upon the alleged rights of the colon is-*
Asa consequence, Admiral Seymour has ordered
B. M. steamer Bonito to proceed to the neighbor; • •
to protect tbe interests of the colonial fishermen.
(ET Fredrick J. Fuller, a miser, was found
iiis room in New York on Friday. He had r
his pocket and bank deposites to the amount of >-•
An examination showed that his death was caused
a want of nourishment.
IET Mr. Kendall, postmaster at New Orlcat *.
been sued for damages for unlawfully, it is aliegtd.
mining a letter, whereby the per soil to whom n “ ‘
addressed lost $560 on a lot of lemons. The letter •
taining the bill of lading on the lemons from \ era t 1
it is said, was repeatedly called for, but was not cov
ered until after it was advertised.
(LT An American who visited Baron Hum
whose namo is fainilKai* to almost tho “lto.c
draws a comparison between tltis trdy 1
1 and Baron Rothschild. One is distinguished tor w •••
the other for learning. Boron UnmholJt ‘
ho was too poor to purchase or retool o copy o o
works 1 ——