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IS THE FEDERAL UNION. JOHN G. POLHIIX, EDITOR. MIL.LEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, SATURDAF, AUGUST 3Tf SI, 1830, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 7, f •jrgj pS^EHAL Ti JS10K Is eveiy ai 1'hrse dollars per an- I uom in advance, or Four, if not paid iiefore the end of the year! The Offloc is on Wayne-Strict, opposite Me* Comss’ Tavern. AH Advertisements published at the usual rates. Each Citation by the Cltiks t»f the Courts of Or* dinary that application bas been n»wlc for Letters oi Ad- niinisfratiar, must be published Tuirtt paUuI least. Notice by Executors und Administrators tor Debtors ami Ocdit >rs to render i:i their accounts ravsibe publish ed Six weeks. . Sales of negroes by EK r culors and Administrators mu6t j be advertised Sixv. y days before the day of sale. ’ Sales of personal properly (except negroes) of testate and intestate estates by Executors and Administrators, must be advertised Forty dais. Applications by Executors, Administrators ami Guar dians to the court of ordinary for leave to sell Land must be published Four months. Applications by Executors and Administrators for Let ters Dismissory, must be published Si \ mo\ tus. Applications tor for.closure cf Morh^ .gts cn real Es tate must be advertised once a month for Six months. Sales of real estate by Executors, Administrators and G’.wntians must be published Sixty days before the day of sate. These sales must be made at the court-house door between the hours of 10 in tl.c morning and iooi in the afternoon. No sale from day to day is valid, unless f3 expresseJ in the advertisement. Orders of Court of Ordinary, (accompanied with a copy of the bond, or agreement) to make titles to Lund, must be advertised Three months ai least. Sheriff’* sales under executions regularly granted by tbe court?, must be advertised Tuirtt days. Sheriff's sales under mortgage executions must be ad vertised Sixty days before the day of sale. Sheriff’s sales cf perishable property under order of Court must be advertised generally Ten days. All Or-ders for Advertisements nil! be punctually at- fjBtided to. *+* All Letters directed to the office, or the Editor, must be post-paid, to entitle them to attention. FiiirsxoLoe?. MILLEDGEVILLE MASONIC KILL LOmiHY. On Thursday, ike 4th day of November next, r, E T,'IRL> DAI’S DliiWING wiil positively take place—at which time, the Wheel tvil! be in situation, as for holders of Ticket? to reasonably T such [The following Address was not submitted to the public eye until after the request, and solicitation ofniiny Med ical friends. The circumstances of its delivery required a rapid evolution and progress of the ideas of the Mtbjefct, w ; ich is vast, but it i?pipped that order and clearness have been preserved.) ' - T I>R. GORMAN S ADDRESS, Before the Medical faculty uiu■ Society of Phil adelphia. being an enquiry into the Philoso phy or Nature and Relations of Life, xei-ih the view to appreciate and discriminate betu'eni the laws purely physical, and the vi tal laws, in the phenomina of organization; and to determinate the Nature of Disease, of Therapeutical Agents, &c. Gentlemen—W hen Philosophy was young shewas adventurous as enterprising She saw not then the dilli. ulties, which were to ob struct amt impede the progress of her matu- rer age. Fascinating from the variegation of ifs beauty, the unfrod field of thought lay be fore her, ever which she hastened with foot steps light and airy, and completed the screw- ti/ication of the world in her systems of cos mology and thoogeny. Inspiration bursied from sacred fountains or poured from the sum mits of Olympus; the forms of nature rolled forth to being from primeval light in the num bers oft he Tracian Harp, and the music of the wandering stars first lull upon the listening ear of mortals. Since that day Philosophy has shifted the Theatre ot her operations, and claimed for her domain the humbler limits of observation and reflection. Her first ambition, os we have said, was to explain and deveiope the manner in which things were formed—the operations of the invijulde powers, which reared up to be ing the eddied of nnturd. Hut these systems have now long ceased to bft studied, become obsolete, and like the generations of men have found a tomb, a tomb round which still glows i their knowledge at soother, ft is evident there could be no knowledge, that science would be itnnrogressible, amilhatthan would be unintel ligible to man How far different is true* Io jiII the hypotheses ever offered to the world for languages long extinct we can behold the just ness and beauty of thought, and feel that they emanated from beings^ identical with our selves. We can find'uTour oyvn bosoms 'the explanation of Ipbegenia’s sorrows, can under stand the tender anxieties of Anthony and C!e- opatria, Abelard and Eloisa, and explore the cause, which kindled the flames ofthat war, in which Ilion with the glory of Priam fell. Our loves, our hatreds, griefs, joys, sorrows, appetites, em'otions, belong not to us, but to the species. The same may be said of form, extension, gravitation, inertia—they belong to alt bodies—lo body in general. The se parate organs of animals and vegetables, with all their properties, stand each in the same re lation to their species: all are of the constitu- colt of study In confirmation of the fact, the science, to \vhose donut in they belong, meta physics, is but another name for obscurity, and their explanation, are little else than the de lusioi* and confusion of thought, arranged into system, reflecting the imago of reason, but nut of truth. On the score rf value, they seem to stand at the summit of all physical excellence, since the being, who possesses them in the highest degree, we are assured, has received the stamp of'the Creator’s image, by which seal he is to be emphatically distinguished from all kindred being, and known peculiarly as the Almighty’s. The human mind then is the highest and roost exquisitely elaborated of all created entities, is the point—the commou centre, in which the conatuscs or movements of the corporeal uni verse, meet'the movements"oF life, and upheld and sustained by the excitements of the latter, tion of nature; and likelier indestructibly per- it reacts upon the stimulations of the former, severe in existence. If then the spheroidal forms of matter, that continually pterv the abyss of spac*:*, which know no change of form, have preserved their constitutional properties entire in the progress which is thought; rangesfetierlessly thedomin ions of nature, examines things unrevealed to the senses, lifts itself up higher, treads the world of primeval, uncreated beauty; arid col lects and embodies the awful image of God. of existence 1 hey have made, life and rnind • Furthermore, when it was falling beneath its have preserved theirs with no less integrity,! high destiny, miscarrying its being’s aim, its while the streams of existence have been pour-! great interests called down personally toils calculate on some respectable prizes. A nobler chance j a hallowed light—the sublimity und beatlt7 of for a fortune, in the way of Littery, was never present ed to the public. All who may feel disposed to purchase Tickets, would act wisely, lo buy, in the Millet'gcvU’e •Masonic Hell Lottery before the next drawing. Thi? Lot tery is a! home, and though you should be unfortunate, there is still the advantage that the money will he in cir- cul ition amongst us, and added to this, the chance is cer tainly very good to realize tec or fifty limes the amount expended for Tickets. Op examination of the different drawings, it will be sccu that th« small prizes are very much diminished, leaving in the Wheel nearly all of the valuable ones—It will also be recollected, that th* prizes under two hundred c’ jilan, were deposi'ed in the wheel at the commencement of the drawing, and that there are vet to be deposited, prizes from two hundred up lo 30,003 DOLL AES! which certainly holds out the strongest inducement to pur- *- hasers. •it the next Drawing the following Splendid Pri zes will be floating: 1 PRIME OF 1 PRIZE OF $500- 1 do 44 10,02)0 1 do 44 500 1 do U 5.000 1 do 4k 400 2 do (•' 1-000 l do ti 400 1 <h> <S 1,000 1 do (4 400 1 do »» .000 * A do 44 300 1 do ti 000 I do M 300 l do 800 l do ti 300 }. do li 800 1 do (4 2O0 1 do (4 800 1 do f 4 200 1 do 44 700 19 do 44 100 1 do 44 GOO 37 da Cl 50 l do 44 500 besides 20 s a«d lO’s. / « to the mention. FRIGE OF TICKETS. Wholes $iO—Halves $5—Quarters $2 50. p" ORDERS addressed to Wyatt Foard, Secretary ComiRiisiotiers, postpaid, will mad with prompt Milb-d-'cville, July 17 WIT ATT FOARD, SccreUirti to Hit >.ominissioners. COURT, XT OTARI Alt, & TSSSTTIiR S&AJU3, I ^NGRAVED tiY J. FOGLE ~J at the subscribers Jeeoellry Stun, who would respectfully in form the public that he bas con stantly on hand, u. general assort ment of Watches, Jnudity, Plate, Cutlery, tMHUary Goods, §c. fyc. Clocks, Watches, Musical Boxes, Jewellry, and Plate neatly repaired. L. PERKINS. Milledtevillc, Aug. 7 5 3t FACTORAGE J1XD GOKWSSSICn B’JSSSISS. ApHE undersigned gratefully acknowledge the liberal JL patronage with which they have been favored in tb" above ant! respectfully inform the public that they continue its transaction in the City, and that tiu ir faith ful and undivided attention will be devoted to the busi ness of their patrons. Liberal Cash advances may be expected on Produce, 6i.c. in Store, when desired. STOVALL a SIMMONS. Augusta, Aug. 7, IP30 5 12t S7S0LT AO&22K7. rflHK Trustees of the Byron, Baker county, Academy, JL have tile pleasure to announce to the public, that the Academy for said county is row ready for the recep tion of a RECTOR and TUTORESS to take charge of the same. Persons wishing to tfcke charge nfan Institu tion arc r quested to send sealed propostds to .‘lie Chair man or Secretary of the Board cf Trot'ocs. oil of before^ the Third Saturday in August next. It will he exp cttdj huge, fbc fruils, the meats, the drinks, the ali il,e ments, that living creatures delight in at this thought, which still darts its beams forward through Iho mist of time, ami invites the anti quarian oflettprs to contemplate its beautiful hut mournful ruins. Emphatically, the aim and ambition of mod ern philosophy is the realization to the fullest extent of divine revelation—that man was formed for thesceplre of this lower world; to which he can only attain by gaining sovereign ty over nature, by triumphing over her laws, and subjecting them to the gratification of his appetites and promotion cf his pleasure. It is difficult to say which science is the most ambitious, the ancient or the modern, but, not the most lofty or the most useful — The one teaches how things were made, the other, how man is to control their laws in <be- ilinnce to his will. The ancients completed their science: it occupied the realms of Fan cy, proved useless to posterity and was drop ped and miscarried by time. .Will our science of which we boast, ever experience the like vicissitude'? Far front being completed, we feel that it is only commenced—that though we have prettyiuccessfully won the day in ma ny hard contests, nature is still tenacious and jealous of her rights. Her tented fields are still spread out before us; und in many of her dominions the sword of philosophy has not been unsheathed, while in others it has been compelled to yisld before her superior prow ess. In no instance is the imperfection of knowl edge more manifest than in 'hesubject before us. The physiology of nature is not the phys iology man as yet has been able to record.— (As under the ancient dynasty of philosophy we see Ilygenia still go in her weeds, and cur race sink to the tomb at every epoch of exis tence. Immortal youth and beauty which (hi? philosophy deified, stiii have otflyn theoretical existence, and ardently desirable as they arc, the slightest perpetuation of them has as yet proved impracticable. The same objects—the same universe, which presented itself to the contemplation and re “parch of the first men, after the lapse of so main’ ages, wo have every reason to believe, has reached us without any change or altera tion. The wandering fires of Orpheus and !Iosod, we see still hold their course in our Heavens; and the waves in Hunter’s song which dashed upon Tenedos and the Lesbian sb'-re are still roaring and dashing. Not only the great forms of matter, but the constitutions of life and intellect, which, to keep pace with time, are subjected to two mighty revolutions—decay and reproduction, appear likewise to have been transmitted for ward without the loss or acquisition of any new properties. Nature, it would seem, has been most faithful and punctilious .*.o hi r charge, and in the innumerable myriads she has been continually summoning to the ranks of existence from formlessness, she has not ah lowed of any variation io circumstances even the most minute and unessential. The notch es now op the leaves of trees, were the notch es of a!! preceding generations, the organs and tissues of our body, wcie the organs and tis sues of a!! preceding men; the grass, the her- that persona aukiag application fur the m ile or few department as professors, will please send what Uieir terms will be and wlial liiey will teach. Application, post paid, will bcilulv attended to by THOMAS POUTER, CUrfrman b. b. c. a. Robert Hardee, Secret try. ./wlv 27. 18 U1 5 3* NOTICE!. T HE Justices of tl»c Inferior Court of Gwinnett coun ty, Ga. have appropriated $4000 for the purpose of BUILDING a Brick or Stone Jail, in said county—to consist of not less than five apartments i'or prisoners'. Sealed Proposals will be received for building the same until the first day of October next. The -proposals will embrace plan and price, and be addressed to William Maltbie. JJsq. Clerk of said Court. JOHN BREWSTER, J. i. c. J. WARDLWV. j. i. c. CLIFFORD WOODROOF, J. J. c. ASAHML R. SMITH, /. I. c. Tuqe 2S 234 !*’• day, were tlie meats, the drinks, Lc. which each FDccicp severally have always delighted in from fheir formation. To dt-velope nnd elevate our conceptions to the fulf grandeur and sublimity of our sub ject, let us run a parallel between the general condition and relation of beings. What then it the inference? Thsit all be ings—planets, suns, animals, plants, minerals, nay the amorphoas elements themselves have stamped upon them a modality of existence, which is inseparable from them, by efficacy or virtue of which, !hey mutually maintain to ward oneanother the same relations, exert the «nme influences, which they have continued to do from their formation; and that in this ori ginate the order, harmony, and beauty ofna rure. Were it otherwise, and did the knowl edge cf things atone time oot harmonize with ing to them through an ever varying series of forms—forms destroyed by death, and revived from generation. Suppose the converse to be true; that the beings of nature could alter and change their properties, modify the type of their modality; for instance, that our planet could loose part of her substance, does it not follow, since all bodies gravitate directly a? the quantity of matter, and inversely as the squares of the dis tance, that she must alter her course round the suo, and that all the bodies cf her system must change their relative place? Were the natu ral appetites ot animals changed, could the Lion gather 4* digest the herbage of the field? The Gramenivor.1 become beasts of prey? Apian et wanders from its course, its whole system feels the influence and undergoes change. An animal aberrates in its properties, it can no lon ger be sustained, its being fails, smd the arch of life breaking in, ruia spreads along its course. Ail nature is a unit, all her existences, but one grand individual—all mutually depend up on oneanother—all support and are support ed—impel and are impelled to existence; and the philosophy of life, of anatom, becomes emphatically the philosophy of the universe. The relations and conditions of physical be ings are extremely precise and definitive; ad mit the slightest alteration, and they can neith er yield nor receive support; and nature will be unable to progress their existence. The place, then, any being occupies is not acciden tal or indifferent to it. whether you place it in its own system or in that ot another, but is as independent and essential as is its peculiar mo dality. 1st. In its own system: Give Jupiter Mercu rv’s orbit, and Mercury, the orbit of Jupiter; anti, accordingly to the revelations of celestial dynamics, neither could move in their changed spheres. Elevate the swimmer of the floods to the aerial ocean above, nnd depress the feathered wanderer of that element to live in the wave, and their being miscarries. Con ceive of mind as separated from the action and influence of organization, and of hie as isolated from those of mind, and all their physical ef forts must forever cease 2d. In other sys tems: Imagine life in the place of a body to excite the gravitation of another, it is evident all movement must be discontinued in that bo dy, since action and reaction could not he re ciprocal, and so of ali other classes of existence. It is therefore evident that the properties or modality any being ntay possess determine the place it is to occupy to act its part in the great mechanism of the universe: and its pro gress in time, is made to depend upon the fix edness and indestructibility of those properties. These are two immutable conditions, the place and fixedness of the properties, to which all natural existence is subjected, account why they have sailed along the Ocean of Time un- Wasted and unhurt, and constitute their pecu liar nature as distinct from their great Origina tor. Wer6 they themselves the fountains of (heir own actions, all times and all places among their fellows would be the same to them, and could not in the least affect or interfere with their being. Hut their condition, as has been shown, is far different, devoid of all self-origin ating power, they simply receive and trans mit forward a motion or an energy whose foun< tain is high above them all. We attribute the world’s origin to a primeval intelligent or in tellectual nature, which is supposed to contin ually impress it, causing it to effect the varied phenomena ol existence. This entiferous im pression or power, whatever it may be called, appears first to strike and penetrate the celes tial apparatus, which plays in space, and thence radiates to the two other orders of being, or at least to the two other orders with which our planet is garnished In other words, the reac tion of body upon this power, or the transmit ted action, for any thingwe can know to Ihe contrary, is gravitation, extension, v:s inertia:, in fine, all the^pbenomena peculiar to body.— The action of these again upon life, causes life to respond in action, which is organization, cir culation, secretion, exhalation-—the complete phenomena of life; and these again and lastly combining with the movements of the first, act upon mind, and its respondence or reaction, is sensation, perception, ideation—the phenome na of intcH.ct. This order and dependence will more fully and strikingly appear hereafter. These last movements coming from the double action of life and body, are the most complex in their relations of all, cost nature as we may say, more labor to produce them, ami terrestrial abode its august founder, to correct ils aberrations, which give it, in a religious point of view, a still mure striking distinction, and ce lebrity among its fellow-existences. Mind, we may say 19 nature curving back to meet her creator; her other extremity is the system of body, while the system of life occu pies the midway space, or space between them, of which more hereafter. If you examine any being of nature, you will find it full of inexhaustible energy; this ener gy continually expending itself in giving V rise to a certain series of actions or phenomena.— This series never changes. We may conceive of nature as ministerially presiding over the af fairs and concerns of the universe, as having an endless variety of offices to be filled, and as j ty or the immediate antecedent of this phe ward in lime, imparting to all the forms of na. lure an eternal beauty and ireshness, appear la stand respectively in the same relation totho three classes of beings, to which they severally belong, and constitute the active life of each. That is: What gravita?ion, tbe exertion ol ex tension, of vis inertias, Sic are to the stars to ali bodies, constituting their aciivc life; orga nization and its modifications, secretic n and absorption-or nutritive.imbibition and ellimina- • ion are to life constituting its active, mun dane existence. The saute are sensation, per ception, and ideation to mind, giving rise to the active being it enjoys. So far we ha\’e brought forward tits consi deration of physics in general, have sketched out the mighty relations ofthings, for the pur pose ol exhibiting, distinctly, as wfc could, the peculiar relations and conditions, fo which life is subjected, in the great dramatic system of nature. I* remains for us to set forth, in as clear and definitive outline, as the subject at.-d our limits admit, the domain of physiology, and the peculiar part, which life acts in the slu pendous mechanism of the universe. We have been enabled to trace out and see a direct and dependent connection or relation between ideas, vital pheoomina, and corpuscu lar and planetary movements; things apparent- lp infinitely dissimilar in themselves—hut we have been unable to see or even to conjecture in what this connection or relation consuls.— The facts are only presented to us. That up on which they depend, ranges unfathomabJy beyond the mind’s utmost conception. It is the phenomena, the appearance of things only which have been permitted to mortals to study. It is they, l may say, that constitute the nutritive parenchyma to science, for, ot them only, the mind can enjoy sensa tion—ideas. All beyond them are induction and conjecture. A muscular fibre contracts: this is a phe nomenon, which stimulates or moves to oph thalmic and tactile sensation, and of which I. can enjoy a distinct perception Contracfili- accordiagly have always been the roost diffi- many purposes or objects to be accomplished by these offices. To each one of her house hold she allots a certain office, and an occupa tion attached to that office, which is to sub serve the atchiev r ement of a definitive end: by her command, each respectively took its of fice and began its occupation at the beginning of things, and will undeviatingly be persevered in by each, till the end of lime. Such is the operative universe. Let us make the exami nation. The astnal forms exert the properties of extension, gravitation, <$’C. in their spheroidal courses, which they have always done, and we believe will ever continue to do. Life exer cises a formative influence upon surrounding bodies—organizes them, and, by a variety of efforts, such as circulation, secretion, absorp tion, Sec keeps them in perpetual motion-—and by the power of generation darts forward, and the same series of effects or phenomena every where designate and mark oat its whole course through time Mind, efforts, sensation, per ception, volition, ideation—these are the phy sical acts oj mind, or the uses of nature, which characterize it, and will ever constitute it iden tical with itself. The very phenomena, bodies are now effecting, tissue bach, and connect them with the world’s newness, life has ever been the organizer: and a stream of thought and feeling shoot over the tomb of lost gene rations to connect what is at this moment transpiring in our minds, with the first great fathers of mankind The universe, then, presents itself to our contemplation as constitated of three great sor!- or classes of existences—body, life, and mind each of which exhibit properties and phenomena peculiar to themselves—all, in the order, I have mentioned them, connected to gether rn causation, andLhough we cannot see the link, that unites (hem, yet we are sure, that ; t exists. A planet gravitates—life organizes, mind thinks; phenomena apparently how in- depently, and widely separated, yet in their na ture's being, how closely and indissolubly ap proximated! The two last only CDjoy exis tence, because the first does so. Nature is but one great dynamical system, each part formed for each part; so that move menfs commenced, radiate through all; and as they penetrate each order of being, gi#c rise to the phenomena peculiar to that order. We see a nervous system lo life, the instrument through which all the organs radiate and re ciprocnte movements. But in what consists that nervous system, which sweeps through the starry forms—casts its invisible fetters round all, along which action ever plays down through the provinces of existence—radiates—is re dacted back—and limited only by the limits of what it! The phenomena, then, of any being is essen tially const it »ted df the reaction of that being upon the movements of the one next in ap proximation. We may consider the proper ties of bodies as the offspring pf efforts or movements; for these properties are the ac tive states of bodies, and these efforts whether they impel a planet round its orbit, or the at oms of chemical bodies through the endless re volution of their forms, their influence stops not at the production of these corporeal phe nomena, but penetrates the domain of life, meets with reaction (here, and gives rise to the vital phenomena. This same influence, still di lating, next feels the resistance or energies of mind, and again sustains a reaction or modifi cation. which is the inrellectual phenomena. We see then the operations of intellect, Ihe movemnuts of life, and the gravitations of bo dy, stand in immediate relation with one anotn- er, the relation severally of antecedence and sequence, but of the nature of this relation, or in what it consists, as I have sard, we can know nothing. The three sorts of tonaluses or movements, which I have mentioned, the regular order and succession of which progress the apiverse for nomenon, excites no sensation; and but for the contraction or phenomenon itself, tl never had been thought of. Ifs existence then is not known in the same way that the contraction is; but is an induction, which the mirjd makes —is compelled to make simply to fill u > the reasonableness of things. But this contractil-- ity is intimately associated with phenomena other than those, to which it itself gives rise. To get rid of this difficulty, the nund infers something else, a common antecedent to both —life, which is the induction of an induction. And here all further inference on the part of' the mind is superceded, since it can ascribe all the separate phenomena of a being, of which its senses give it notice to a commou antecedent or cause, which effects these phe nomena through the agency of its true inber- - ent properties, contractility and sensibility the- latter of which, however, Braussais, whose* name is growing powerful, is inclined to drop. I will just remark here, that all the sciences* of natural beings are precisely in the same pre dicament with physiology. Philosophers re fer all the movements ol matter to gravity, af finity, or extension, which are inference’s cf the mind, and their axioms are nothing more than the convergence, in which the general, relations of things meet or harmonise.—But the superstructures, which may be reared up-' on them, are immense. Tha eight or ten axi oms of Euclid’s science occupy narrow space, but how towering and magnificent, the fabric raised upon them! Since the phenomena of beings reallr consti tute all that the mind can see or discover through the senses, had it conceived of the phenomena of an animal, as simply appertain ing to, and constituting that animal, without any reference to some remote principle cr prin ciples, concealed in its mass, and all the phe nomena of body, as constituting body, then such expressions as hie, gravity, the. had Lever bad existence; and the words in every human tongue, had been verbs and nouns lurn-euof verbs, which a very learned philologist assures us to have been the case, previously to the age when phdosopliization commenced. ' Life, then, if I rightly understand the physi ological nomenclature, means the remote physi cal cause oflhe animal phenomenon; sensibili ty aDd contractility, the proximate, constitu ting two stadia, beyond the fiel.r and revela tion of the senses, over which the modern man hoodof philosophy has marched, with stately gravity, yet good decorum. We, however, have' bo right to laugh at (he simplicity of •ur forefathers, who vtere content with what they savv and felt, since we can see no more; but imagine we see more by the misti ness of language. They, indeed, might turn the joke upon us, for our credulity, in fancying we can feel the way in the dark, which can on ly be traced out, and followed by the light. Contractility 4* sensibility, we may consider as nothing distinct from life, itself, but simply two modes in which it acts, that divide between them the empire of the animal. They are the properties, of which life is the essence; and of the essence of all beings, we are equally igno rant. There arc some, who consider the to tality of the functions but another name for life, making its ssence merely nominal. and its idea, complex. While there are others, who imagine it to be a real material essence’ as the names, “calidumfacieris,” “materia vi- tcc, 4'C. import. Cull* u conceived k to £e part material, part spiritual. The difficulty on this point, which divides anrkperplexcs physiologists, appears to me ex actly of the same nature, as that, which divid ed the Cartesians from the deserptes of Re*d; the whole of which turns upon (his one point, namely, whether it be things themselves, we perceive, or only their simulacra or images.—* Jf we make life a generic term, in which is Con tained ail the individual ideas, appertaining to animal existence; then it will be synonimoua with (hese ideas collectively; and when tut*