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, / £ .A**** POLHIUj EDITOR. MILLEDaEVJLLG, GEORGIA, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1830. VOLUME 1, KUIlBEk iff. TH3 ^SSJEB-AXi vIJ’ICH , UI , ! h> 0 , ..lai.s per nn- Is publlvht‘14 OU'UIU.1* * at * /. , i j n ,l ... advance, or Four if notpu.d before no-end o! m yen'. The ii oil iVoyiU-Stnet, oppisiic Me Combs’ Tavern. All Advkk t isements published at the usual rales. lilacli Citation by llic Cicrks of the Courts of Or dinary lb at nonhciti.in Ins been made P>r Letters of Ad- niinistratiniu»t be published Tki*tt »AM<rt lead N.»i : ce by E^tsoulors an.) Adm ii'sir; tui* or Debtors s.nJ C e.lit rs to reaiLr iuiUeir accounts iiiestbc pubiisb* td Six w stats. . . Sales of ut ^ri ? by Ex culorsnnd A !num«*rators must be advertised Sixtit uays Iv fore llie day of sale. Sties of personal pro.-criy (except negro-:-) of testate and intestate estates by Executors and Administrators, must be advertised Fortv hays. Applications by E*ecatortr, AditiinLtrators ar H ] Guar- public proclamation. A distinct proclamation uiis tit the same time issued, ceclanng the •*t»hi of <he State In all the gold, and other valuable ram> raL, in it- ungranted lands occu pied by the Indians—The right thus asserted was supposed to be established by the cus'c mary law of all tin? European nations, who made discoveries, or formed Colonies on H i*- Continent, hv the Ice simple or allodial tith which belongs to the State, to all la mis with iti its limit", not already granted away ; and the abj ure of all right in the Indians, they ne ver having appropriated the mineral riches ol (heearth to th-ir own use. Immediately after ihe i<*Mii' g of tins proclamation, a rompelcnt tote must b - advertised mice « moi.lli f-r mx months. to bv Executors, Adniinis r;i or- arid j s.iLOl ion from ol process ot the courts would S-lea uf real crureov tremor*, iwmim. , T| ‘ 1S promptly attended | G I irJiuri -miff be publish. J Sixti days before tb d y ] ;o, and although it was known that occasional- j of dii. the SO flf die band, or agrceMien') ‘o m»U« tides to Land, must j f. n t iro: y ; ,i |*. Jt sf so far as to prevent the lie be advertised Tnitr.E months :ii least. Sii ‘i iti ’■> sales under euti ms regularly granted by (be cmirtf, must be advettis d Thuvtt dats. S tenlT’s sale# wader mortg i:*« < xecjiiians must bead- vertised ^ixty days beior -tbe day ol sale. Su--r.il‘’s 9 .,ie» of perishable property under order o! Court must be adr*. uVd generally Fes hays- AM orpeu* for AJ'crlisements ivib be punctually at tended to; \ | LcUers dir-'ct-d ta the etTrc, or the Editor, cmsi bt post-paid tu enlitie theni to atu nliou. I jC.-*. ’AnUM(h*<< I Governor’s Most So' Tiiis day, at 1 i u’cGcfr, 111 • G >v«_-r nor irun.-niilUd to jaoth branches of lit- L gi-daVun , Mv io Hunt tig A /*:*£ o ExeCDllVI- ilfcPAilTXtST Gfofcia, } *V/iu-tteeviUe, GcivOer . ti, icht). j Fe ll ow -Citizens, The great number of persons who have taken possession of the Cherokee territory in search of gold, in defiance of ttn; authority ol the Stale, to the injury of the public proper ty and the rights of the Inn ,ins, have made ti neC-etSary that you should be assembled to g..*:her sootier than the time appointed by law for the meeting of the LeipSl <iure, fn tbe early pari oi the y ar («o!d was di»- rfiveied ;d great ouMitHies m the Indian iamis. Ti.a act of JH29 Having fixed upon the lir=t .Junc, a>< the time when ti e laws were to be c-essity of reporting to other means: Nor was (bis opinion changed nntd it became too late to rail a session of (he. last Legislature. The militia would have been employed in protec ting the fights of the State to the gold, and icmoviug those who were trespassing upon 'hat r gbt, ii the cwmditution and laws had giv en me I hat amhoritv. The law which-attach e<l (i ff r- rit portions of the Cherokee Territo ry to s< veral counties, so as to include Ihe whole wit i,. n the organized lino's of the State, contained no prohibition against white persons mingling with the Indian population, or enter mg upon the lands occupied by them, oeitle r h«d any law of the Suite made it criminal to lake uv.tie.ra's Horn such lands. The cold dig gers wo re, therefore, neither subject to arrest nor any ether criminal process. Under such circumstances, it an attempt had Ir en nfndv io remove thorn by the use ot extreme force, should death have ensued, it would have hren murder in the actors. If orders had not beer, given to u-e that kind of force, (he employ moot of the noi.tia would have been worse lban useless. The Governor, howevt r, has no jxjwor over the militia, except in cases vl in^urreclici!. invasion, or Ihe probable pros pect thereof liut if l had h en invested »vj(h a!n}»le autborilj to have called out the militia, »nd (In intruders had--grossly violated the pen- extended -over t’lait part of the Slate, all per- j al statute..", or trespa;-'-td upon the ackooivl- .sons seemed to consider themselves at liberty, [edged rights of the State m its possession, yet in the mean time,' to appropriate as much ot Sis mineral riches to*'t!icnr:si‘lves as j/oisible ‘The whole comrr.uuitv became very much ex cised. Tun profits ol ii*o."e engaged in search ing fi a Geld, were reperjed to be vary gteat r riic love of gain, alw..vs one ol the strongest jutssiens, became sliniuSaLd to excess. A'-i classes of people, but es;>eci«!iy the idle and Jirnlhgate, pressed into the mineral reg bn, ■wit!, the hope <f acquiring great wealth ivilh 2ittle Lhul. 'i'iie tl'-oU-and-of |u r-ons thus widlected ti.^eud r, ail operated u|”:n bv mo stiyos which lead t<> most of the disorders of society, ar.d freed from tiiose vt -tmiats which ^he'art’s impose up>>n tta* evd di-positions td mien, e.vinbden a se< ne of v*ci< us mdulgciice. 'violence and fraud, which wou-id not have bt on to (Mated for a moment if the rn-ans coni io’i; been n«ed io prev? nt it. Tlie Iruliau^ Tight (d occupancy was wholly dmifgardrd. T.h-; Indians themselves v.ere not wen per mitted to have an equal enjoyment ot the rich- of the earth, wliicii cir( umstaixes had llius fo r a time made Common loafl. The Cntro keo governtnei;!, of ihe unporiance c>f which i<> the L’d'ars so o uch l as been lately §a(d, jirovvd uiterly pnwmtessto protect any rights or punish any wrongs. The Magmlude oi lb; •ev.i was .such, lh«,i it hrcann: a manor ot con siueratirm whether the Lsgishenre sheuld r.ut he called together to provide fur i* pro- per reubcdv. At (Ins tone She bid for the re m >valof the Cherokees heyondthe IVlississ.ip pi, was dv.-pemiihg be’fore ( amgress. The Go vernment of the United Stales was, for She fird time, earnestly -ndeavoring to execute the contract of 1802 The manner proposed ivas believed to he Ihe only practical one, consis tent with humanity, to tin 4 ,Indians, and jus tice to Georgia. Unfortunately («r the coun try, the opposition to the Administration de termined to make the proposed removal of the Jndiaris a party question The t^cis connec ted with the subject were found to he so far removed from Ihe knowledge of the people, ns to afford ample opportunity for the instru ments of parfv strife to ini-Jeml the public judgment. It was considered proper not to eall the la gi-JaHire together, until the result °* G is extraordinary struggle, io Congress was known. A hone was ai-o entertained, that ^hcii u lG | HW3 0 f jj u . gjaie went into opera- [ t'on. mu cit'/.ens would he dhpns- d to rcsnoct od Chiefs—the location of the (owns and their population, with various other information ot the same character, all ot which most be known. *n ord r that appropriate laws‘may he passed 1 tor the government >ol our Indian people. No doubt is entertained pf the right to survey the ••ntire Cherokua, territory, if such measure should he considered expedient. The rights ut juri-diCiion and soil are essential attributes of government, and were acquired by the State upon the acknowledgment of its inde pendence, sovereignty and territorial limits, by Great Britain These rights have never been relinquished. For, although the jurisdiction ol the States is restricted by the constitution. Ire m operating upon a few specified objects, and pi rson*. yet it is unlimited in all other res pects ; atd the constitution contains a special provision that it shall not be construed to the prejudice of the claims of the States, to ter ritory. Y.rious cessions of these rights of soil and jurisdiction over Indian tribes, and the territory which they occupied, have been made by different States, to the United Slates, by virtue of which it has created territorial gov ernments, .'nd granted the right of soil to indi vidual-,. Virginia, Georgia, New York, Mas sachusetts, Connecticut, N. Carolina and S. Carolina, have made such cessions. Ohio, In diana, Illinois, Tennessee, Alabama and Mis- sissij pi, are exercising the powers of govern merit in consequence of such conveyances. Although the whole extent of this country was in the possession of the Indian tribes when the first settlement was made by the Colonists, and most of it has been ceded by the Indians in the term of treaties to the Colonists, or the Slates, yet not one foot of land is believed to be held by the force of an Indian title—Each State in the Union, a^hd every Colonial Gov ernment, claims to be the pioprielor of all the of white men residing among the Cherokee';, within the limits of the State, are estimated a; two hundred and fifty exclusive of Missions ries, traders and pedlers. About one hundred arc living with Indian wQmen: fitly have per mits from the Cherokee Chiefs, and one hun dred from the Cherokee Agent. Out ot the numbe’r of fiftv-iour, w hose names, places ot residence, and property, are described in a letter from the Agent, twenty four are posses sed of negro slaves. The law extendingthe jurisdiction ol the State over the Indians, contains no provision prohibiting w hite persons from entering upon their lands. The Indians will be exposed to continual vexation and disturbance, unless their rights arc so secured as to enable them to obtain certain redress for their violat on.— Hitherto intruders have been kept eff their to the contract of 1802, for the extmgnisb* ruenl of the Indian title to its lands. But to exercise its own powers for the management oi its own internal concerns. One of the means used by the General Go vernment to execute the contract of 1802.. has liecu by paying individual CherCkees the full value (dr their improvements and posses- j ions upon their emigration. These improve ments and possessions when thus pant fur be come the property of the State. Upon appli cation to the War Department. I have receiv ed a schedule of the names of the emigrants from this State, with an account of the im provements left by them, and their value, co pies of which are laid before you. It is im portant that these improvements should he placed in the possession of citizens of this. State as early as possible, not only for the pur pose ot preserving them for fuiure disposition, lands by (lie force of the General Government. . _ . However justifiable the exertion of this power hut as the means of more reunify enforcing tie may have been formerly, it cannot he continu- Laws upon the Cherokees. As it is probable d any longer, consistently with the right of jurisdiction which has been assumed by the State. It becomes therefore an imperative duty to afford to the Churokees by your en* actmenU, the same protection, from intrusion which they formerly received from the United States. It is also due to our Indian people that that provision in the law.of 1829, should be repeal ed. which prevents Indians, and the aeseen- that the President will find that the appropria tion made at the last session of Congress for the removal of the Indians, may be mure suc cessfully expended to effect that obj. ct, by operating upon individuals families, and towns, than upon the whole tribe through their Chiefs, it will therefore be proper that you should prescribe some general regulations, by which the places left by the • grants may be immediately occupied by citizens of toe ses, in the Courts of the State, in coses where a white man L a parly. The present law ex poses them to great oppression, while its re peal would most probably injure no one At tempts have been made to strip them of their property by forgr-d contracts, because of the impossibility ot defending their rights by the testimony of those who alone can know them, lauds within its limits. The courts recognize • And although the moral f clings of our frontier no title unless it he derived from the State,! community have been too coriect to permit Colonial, or British Governments. Such is (such infamous proceedings to ( ffoct their ends, also H o doctrine of the Supremo Court. The j yet the character of our legislation for justice. Indian tribes, have no where been considered I requires that the rights of these departments dants of Indians from being competent witnes- ^ |*‘ e - Many of the houses which have been no appropriation ot money had been made by law, by winch 1 could have armed, equipped, and supported, lor a single day, a suincient ho dv of militia to have effected ltie desired ob ject Perhaps the public interest would have oeen advanced, if ihe Legislature had been called together, as soon as it was discovered that the Executive power was insufficient io protect the public property. One advantage, however, we have the right to expect trom the course which has been pursued. Ail persons pvorv where muff he now convinced of the i.cce'ssUv which impels the State to exercise jurisdiction over its Indian territory, not only for the protcciion of ihe property of the Stale but the riirh’s ol the Indians and that the Cherokee Government, if it had been permit- ed toc*iff, would have been wholly incoirqx— toBl. under present circumstances, to discharge any of the duiies for which Governments are organ‘Zed. Your attention is requested to be given, as early as possible, to the passage of such law, as you u-ny suppose most effectual, for the re moval of the persons at present upon the.pub he lands scorching fur gold, as well as to pre- \ ent any future entries thereon for that pur pose. Such is the tempting nature of lb»s employment, that highly penal enactments will be necessary.to effect this cd j> ct. Very few would engage in it, if it expos* d th*'in locon- th-.uent for years in the Penitentiary. As the vil to b»: prevented is of great niagnt ude, and requires an mynedia'c remedy, it will be exptdu nt that the provisions ol whatever tart you may pass, should ho few arm of obvious necessity, and op ralive ns soon as possible. No doubt is ent< itaired of the submission of thecifzens of ties 8ute, to the requirements of :;ny law which may h passed, hut as- a gri iit number of the intruders have been from other States, and said to have been of lawless character, ami to have evinced* the dis position Io sc! at defiance the power of the State, it may he necessary to authorize Hie use of the mil tin for its enforcement. The great value of ihe geid mines, renders it prop t:r, that you should no( only provide some oili er means for securing them from trespass, hut also to render them profit able to the State. They am found throughout the territory occu pied by the Cherokees, hut, of the greatest value in the section between the Cliestatee their .uulioriiy . ( and ‘t&ch would probably Lave and Etowah rivers. That part of the doun .cn the case, had not a large number ol the persons engaged in searching for gold bsen Irom other States. ] heir refusal prevented Ihe obedience of the people „f this State. Before information was received of the pas sage of the Indian hill, the United States’ troops had, in the enforcement of the non-in tercourse law, removed all persons, whether from this or other States, as intruders upon the Indian land"- Ahhongh the most confident opinion was enterlairmd. that t he United States’ droops had no such authority, its exercise was eo beneficial for the time, that no opposition JJ as ,r,a de to ii. The correspondence with the President and War Department, will explain more tuify the opinion and policy of the Ex ecu*iv«? upon this sibject. fbe calling the Legislature together.at an ffltwisual time, is so inconvenient to the mem hers, and so expensive to the people, that th* <if floin K *° Wi » 9 relinquished, from flu (he ief that it might not he pccessary. On tie grid of June the laws of the State were dr- [oored i:r force over the Chernkee country by try is so hn ken and inaccessible, so near the boundary of Hie State, and the means of en forcing the laws so difficult f*> he commanded, that neither of those objects can .>e properly effected, without taking possession of (he mines To do this in such manner as to have them wrought profitably and safety to the State, and at the same time to guard the In dian right of occupancy from -violation, it may he necessary to obtain bn accurate suivev ol the whole country. By doing this; those tracts which contain gold mav he ascertaiuco^ and leases made with more certainty of confining the tenants of such within their hounds, and ed •listinguishing between the rights granted to the tenants of those tracts which may he oc cupied by Indians, and those without (bat in- cumbratice. This measure may also be ne ecssarv to enable the Sintfi to ascertain with certainty, the number of the Indians within t" limits, the extent of their improvements he quantity of their unoccupied lands, Hit daces w hich had been occupied by emigrants, the residence of white persoes, and ,distinguish es forming such communities as could he re cognized as Governments,ami having the pow er to act nationally. The principal objection, which lias been made to the exercise of the light of soil and jurisdiction by the State over ihe Cherokees, has been drawn from the phra- eclogv of the treaties between (hat tribe and :he Umtad States. If such treaties were t<> be considered as compacts between indepen dent nations, as has been asserted, they would be void, so far as they pretended to limit the sovereign rights of the State But treaties have been made with the Indian tribes, at ail times, since the firff settlement of this coun try, without having been considered such in struments as conveyed political power or rights. They have been the expedients by which ig norant, futractahle and sayag people, have been induced, without bloodshed, to yield up what civilized Governments had the right to possess, by virtnre of that command of the Creator delivered to man upon his formation— "he fruitful, multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it.” So far, therefore, as the U mted Stales, our sister Stales, and foreign Governments are concerned, the rights of ju risdiction and soil are perfect, as exercised by the State over the Cherokees, and the lands occupied .by them. These rigbis have, how ever, their correspondent duties.—If you sub ject (he Indians to our laws, they have a rigid j to our protection. If* the exigencies of the i Stale require that the gold mines in the coun j try occupied by them, should he taken posses- f sion of such exercise of power should not be extended further iban the public interest re quires The desire of acquiring laud for indi* vidua! profit, ought not to he the operative motive in directing the policy of tlie Stare. It is also due to our own character that wo "hotild have a jealous care, les. we press the necessity of taking possession of the mineral in the Indian lands beyond what the public in tcrest, the preservation and use of the public properlV, and the enforcement ot our laws, may require Even the measure of survey ing the Cherokee territory, however necessa ry for the proper administration of the laws, securing the public properly from trespass, and protecting Indians, is on account of the sen -dive feelings of the humane, excited as they have been, by the interested and improper statements of political partizans upon the sub jeet of our policy towards the Cherokees, so iiable to misconstruction, that it would he mag nanimously forbearing. in the Legislature, per baps wise, to delay the adoption of that mea sure for Hie present. In removing intruders', it will he expedient to consider all white persons such, without re gard to their leng’li of residence or the per- m^sion of Hie Indians. The citizens of this and other States, who have either taken re fuge in the fadian country, to escape from the ounisiiment due to their'crimes, or connected themselves ivith their society from uofitne* to live in civilized communities, have not thereby acquired any claim upon the State to peculiar privileges. Much of the opposition of the Cherokees, to the extension of the law s of Hu* S'ate over them, and to the offers made by the United Slates, to induce their re-union with that part of Hie tribe who have removed to the YVeff of the Mississippi, ha9 proceeded from the influence of these persons. At the same time that wc acknowledge that it would be unjust to compel the Indians to leave the country which they havealways occupied yet bcle ving that their removal to the West would he advantageous both to them-elves and the people of the Stale, it is proper that vou should take away any extrinsic causes which prevent their voluntary action upon this subject. It may however he just as well as expedient to exempt individuals of good char acter, from the operation of such a general re <rillation, upon their taking the oath tosnppon the constitution afld laws of the State, or giv irig other security that they will discharge tin duties of citizens of the State. The uuynbei people should not he exposed to such danger Our Judges are qualified to determine upon the compentency of witnesses, and our Juries to weigh their credibility. That part of the law of 1829 which disan nulled all the laws and ordinances of the Che rokee Government, lias been entirely disre garded by the Indians. The Chiefs have con- finned to meet together as a Legislative body have passed law s, and carried on ell the ope rations of Government in the same manner as it they really were the representatives of an in dependent nation I have had no authority to prevent such conduct, because the law which repealed all their ordinances ?-od punished their chiefs for any act done for the purpose of pre venting emigration, attached no penalty l’or any other exercise of power. Although am bition is not more censurable, when exhibited hv ;> n Indian than a white man, and the situa fion oi (tie Cherokee tribe rendered it hut nat ural that a strong offurt should be made, hv (hose who had by their wealth and intelligence obtained the absolute' control over it to re tain their-power, yet it is not therefore the less proper that the Slate should compel them, by the use of the necessary authority, to demist from their pretensions They have had suffi oent notice to do so. Farther delay would hut encourage disobedience. Instead of ma* king their Legislative, Judicial, or other pre tended acts of Government treasonable, the milder punishment of the Penitentiary will probably he an ample guard against any fu ture ambiti us purposes The passage of the Indian hill by Congress, created a strong hope that through the mean- which was thereby placed at the disposal of Hie President, the State would he relieved from the embarrassing difficulties which have so long harrassed it, arising out of its relations with Hie Cherokees; As yet our expectations have been disappointed. Ti.o Indians have refused to listen to any terms off.-;red by the President lor their removal, or even to meet him at his request tor the purpose ofconsulta tion. They have addressed a memorial to the people of the United States complaining of the oppression of Georgia, and Hie faithlessness of the administration of the Gem ral Government They have, been persuaded, that the Ch* ro- koe tribe is a» independent foreign nation, and that Ihe Supreme Court will sustain it in assu ming sover ign powers, and the State of Geor gia be restrained f;om erforcing its Laws up on them. I have received - a formal notice, a copy of which it is understood has been serv ed upon the President of the Uuitod Sta'es. ot’ the intended application to the Supreme Court for this purpose. The correspondence of the Executive Department upon this subject is submitted to von. Whatever difference , of opinion thef * may exist among good men, as to the policy ol removing the Indians, all must agree in condemning this effort to enlist the Supreme Court in the violent party question which now agitates the whole Union. The Slate Bever can become a party before anv Court for the determination of the question, whether it has the right of subjecting the peo ple who reside within its acknowledged limits to the operation of its law’s. Although the* first efforts of the President to extinguish the Indian title have not proved successful, yet the promptness wifh w hich they have been made, and the unreserved manner :n which our rights have been acknowledged, require of the State the fullest confidence in the present administration upon this subject — It may be expected that the contract of 1802 wdl now he honestly executed, if tbe neglect of former administrations, and the opposition fo this, have not rendered it impossible.-— Both, policy on our part, and respect for the Government, demand that we sltould wait pa i« ntly. without acting, the result of the exer (ions of tbe President in using the means pro vided by Congress for that purpose. If un- ortunatefy for us, he,should fail entirely, i will be proper for the State to look no lon^ei left by the emigrants have beeo takeu posses sion of by other Indians. Authority ought to be given to remove such occupants in a sum mary way. Others were destroyed by order of the principal Cherokee Chief, Johu Roas, under circumstances of the most savage cru elty to our people, who were in possession — The jurisdiction of the State had not at that tune Imm extended over the Cherokees — The copy of my letter to ihe YVar Department upon this subject accompanies this Message. The decision of the President, upon the right claimed by the State to the immediate possession of a considerable tract of country, now in the occupancy of the Cherokees, but which was formerly owned by the Cr eks, has boon less favorable than we might have anti cipated, from the clearness of ihe testimony which was submitted to him. The Secretary ot War, in a letter upon this subject, states,, that Hie Commissioner appointed by the Pre- - id ent »o examine into the facts, in relation to ♦hat claim, had reported in favor of a line be ginning at the Shallow Ford, on the Chatta- hochee, and running South YVestwardly, along (he ridge as represented in a Map which he had transmitted to the Executive Department, and that the President had confirmed the re port ami ordered the Cherokees to be remov ed trom the land so assigned to the State.— This Tap accompanies the other papers sub mitted to you upon this subject. The report ol G< n Coffee alluded to in the Utter from the Sec re; ary of War, waff not received until a short nme since, and then without being ac companied by Ihe decision of the President. B’pou examining the report, if was ascertained that General Coffee h ad never seen any part of the testimony which was taken by order of the luff Legislature. A letter was immediately idiressed to the President, through the then acting Secretary ol War, requesting a re-ex- ■‘iiiMiiiition oi General ffee’s report, and the evidence which was transmitted to him, Irom this Department. The tract of land from which the Cherokees have been removed, by order of the President, is supposed to contain 484,646 acres, and is now Mifij- ct to be disposed of m such manner as you may think expedient. Ti.e great ob ject to be (fif clod by the State, in the appro priation of its lands, is the iocri ase of its po« eolation, and the excitement of its people to induffrv, and the accumulation of wealth.— The lottery system which has been hitherto adopted, is believed to have been better c 1- culuted to attain these ends than the disposi tion bv public sale. In an unimproved coun try, where capital is scarce, interest high, and every trade and employment demand labor and wealth, ihe surplus money in the po?"es,- sicnofthe people, can he expended more use- rul.y by them, in improving the lands and oth erwise adding Id the riches of the country, than if drawn from them to he placed in the public Treasury. It has always been found niore difficult to restrain improper expendi tures arising from a full Treasury, tbau to ob tain through the powers which belong to the Government, the means which may be really required for public purposes. It is reported that there are valuable gold mines in the lands to he disposed of The public inlerest re quires that the lots ofland, which contain gold should be exempted from distribution by lot tery. The spirit of speculation which the dis position of the lands by lottery is ealculafi d to excite, has always been the greatest objec- tfon to that system. The knowledge that the lands contained valuable mines of Gold, would increase that spirit to the most injurious ex tent. The community would become highly excited, by the hope of acquiring great wealth, without labor. The morals of the country would be in danger of corruption, from the temptation which would be held out by law, t o t he commission of innumerable frauds. Re gular industry and economy would fora time be suspended by restless idleness, and imagin ary, as well as real, and unnecessary expendi* ♦ur.s. In most instances, even the success ful owners of the rich prizes would not- be re-- ally benefited. Prodigality is the usual revolt of riches, suddenly and easily obtained. M ines are like the accumulation of the people’s mo ney m the public Treasury The Gxiveroment should manage them for genera! and not for individual advantage. If they should prove- ’♦xceedingly profitable, the State wopldthqre- by he enabled to relieve the people from tax.- at ion, improve all the roads, render its riverr navigable, and extend the ndvacttYgcs ef edu cation to every class of society.